- absolute_tolerance1e-11Absolute convergence tolerance for Newton iteration
Default:1e-11
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Absolute convergence tolerance for Newton iteration
- acceptable_multiplier10Factor applied to relative and absolute tolerance for acceptable convergence if iterations are no longer making progress
Default:10
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Factor applied to relative and absolute tolerance for acceptable convergence if iterations are no longer making progress
- adaptive_substeppingFalseUse adaptive substepping, where the number of substeps is successively doubled until the return mapping model successfully converges or the maximum number of substeps is reached.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Use adaptive substepping, where the number of substeps is successively doubled until the return mapping model successfully converges or the maximum number of substeps is reached.
- automatic_differentiation_return_mappingFalseWhether to use automatic differentiation to compute the derivative.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to use automatic differentiation to compute the derivative.
- base_nameOptional parameter that defines a prefix for all material properties related to this stress update model. This allows for multiple models of the same type to be used without naming conflicts.
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:Optional parameter that defines a prefix for all material properties related to this stress update model. This allows for multiple models of the same type to be used without naming conflicts.
- blockThe list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
- boundaryThe list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
C++ Type:std::vector<BoundaryName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
- constant_onNONEWhen ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
Default:NONE
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:When ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
- declare_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
- donaldson_creep_directionAxialThe direction to use in calculating the Donaldson model. Choices are: Axial Hoop
Default:Axial
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:The direction to use in calculating the Donaldson model. Choices are: Axial Hoop
- fast_neutron_fluenceThe fast neutron fluence
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The fast neutron fluence
- fast_neutron_fluxThe fast neutron flux
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The fast neutron flux
- fract_beta_phase_namefract_beta_phaseThe name of the beta phase fraction material property
Default:fract_beta_phase
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the beta phase fraction material property
- high_temperature_creep_modelErbacherThe model to use in calculating high temperature creep. Choices are: Erbacher Kaddour Donaldson
Default:Erbacher
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:The model to use in calculating high temperature creep. Choices are: Erbacher Kaddour Donaldson
- initial_fast_fluence0The initial fast neutron fluence
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The initial fast neutron fluence
- max_creep_increment0.001Maximum creep strain increment allowed by accuracy time step criterion
Default:0.001
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Maximum creep strain increment allowed by accuracy time step criterion
- max_inelastic_increment0.0001The maximum inelastic strain increment allowed in a time step
Default:0.0001
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The maximum inelastic strain increment allowed in a time step
- maximum_number_substeps25The maximum number of substeps allowed before cutting the time step.
Default:25
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The maximum number of substeps allowed before cutting the time step.
- model_irradiation_creepTrueSet true to activate irradiation induced creep
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set true to activate irradiation induced creep
- model_primary_creepTrueSet true to activate primary creep
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set true to activate primary creep
- model_thermal_creepTrueSet true to activate steady state thermal creep
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set true to activate steady state thermal creep
- outputThe reporting postprocessor to use for the max_iterations value.
C++ Type:PostprocessorName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The reporting postprocessor to use for the max_iterations value.
- primary_creep_modelLIMBACKThe model to be used for primary thermal creep.
Default:LIMBACK
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:The model to be used for primary thermal creep.
- relative_tolerance1e-08Relative convergence tolerance for Newton iteration
Default:1e-08
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Relative convergence tolerance for Newton iteration
- temperatureThe coupled temperature (K)
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The coupled temperature (K)
- temperature_loca_creep_begin900The lower limit of the temperature range (in K) in which the thermal creep model applies
Default:900
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The lower limit of the temperature range (in K) in which the thermal creep model applies
- temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end700The upper limit of temperature (in K) where the standard thermal creep model for normal operating temperature no longer applies
Default:700
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The upper limit of temperature (in K) where the standard thermal creep model for normal operating temperature no longer applies
- use_substep_integration_errorFalseIf true, it establishes a substep size that will yield, at most,the creep numerical integration error given by substep_strain_tolerance.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:If true, it establishes a substep size that will yield, at most,the creep numerical integration error given by substep_strain_tolerance.
- use_substeppingNONEWhether and how to use substepping
Default:NONE
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:Whether and how to use substepping
- zircaloy_material_typeSTRESS_RELIEF_ANNEALEDType of zircaloy material properties to use in calculating creep. Note: ESCORE_IRRADIATIONGROWTHZR4 is not valid.
Default:STRESS_RELIEF_ANNEALED
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Controllable:No
Description:Type of zircaloy material properties to use in calculating creep. Note: ESCORE_IRRADIATIONGROWTHZR4 is not valid.
ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
Computes the secondary thermal creep under loss-of-coolant accident conditions using the Erbacher (default), Kaddour, or Donaldson models; the Limback-Andersson primary thermal creep; and the Hoppe irradiation creep for Zircaloy cladding. This material must be run in conjunction with ComputeMultipleInelasticStress.
Description
Thermal creep in the loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) temperature range and Hoppe irradiation creep are both calculated in this single class, and thermal creep transitions automatically from the standard temperature Limback-Andersson model under normal operating conditions to the LOCA secondary thermal creep model in the LOCA temperature range. The LOCA thermal creep model requires the fraction of zirconium in the beta phase; this fraction of beta phase is computed by the separate material ZrPhase. This material, which must be run in conjunction with ComputeMultipleInelasticStress calculates the inelastic creep strain, the elastic strain, and the resulting stress for zircaloy materials.
warningwarning:ZrPhase Required in the LOCA Regime Model
The material ZrPhase must be included in the input file when running LOCA simulations.
The contributions to creep from irradiation, primary, and thermal secondary creep are summed at each iteration.
Thermal Creep
The LOCA thermal creep model implemented in BISON includes both primary and secondary creep. The model will transition automatically to the LOCA thermal creep model in higher temperatures if the simulation is started at a lower temperature, below the start of the LOCA thermal creep temperature range. The default end of the standard Limback-Andersson model is set to 700K, and the start of the LOCA thermal creep range is set to 900K. Between these two temperature bounds, a linear interpolation is used to average the contributions from both the Limback Andersson Matsuo and Erbacher LOCA thermal secondary creep models.
LOCA Thermal Creep (High Temperature Accident Conditions)
During a loss of coolant accident, or LOCA, outward creep deformation of the cladding tube under the effect of internal pressurization and high temperature drives cladding ballooning and eventual failure due to burst.
There are three separate models considered here (Erbacher, Kaddour, and Donaldson) for the calculation of the high temperature thermal creep strain rate. Each of these models defines the strain rate using a Norton power-law creep equation (Van Uffelen et al., 2008; Neitzel and Rosinger, 1980; Erbacher et al., 1982; Kaddour et al., 2004; Donaldson et al., 1985):
Erbacher Creep Model
The first model, and the default for simulating high temperature creep in zircaloy, is the Erbacher model:
where (s) is the effective creep strain rate, A (MPas) the creep coefficient, Q (J/mol) the activation energy for the creep deformation, T (K) the temperature, (MPa) the effective (von Mises) stress, and n (dimensionless) is the stress exponent. The components of the strain tensor are then updated at each time step based on the effective strain increment and a flow rule. The material parameters, shown in Table 1, are used in the model were obtained from tension tests on Zircaloy-4 tubes (Neitzel and Rosinger, 1980; Erbacher et al., 1982).
Table 1: Material Parameters used to Calculate the Creep in Zircaloy-4 using the Erbacher Model(Erbacher et al., 1982; Markiewicz and Erbacher, 1988)
| Zircaloy Phase Present | Effective Creep Rate (s) | A (MPa s) | Q (J/mol) | n (dimensionless) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure phase | all creep rates | |||
| Mixed: 50% phase, 50% phase | ||||
| Mixed: 50% phase, 50% phase | Linear interpolation of ln (A) | Linear interpolation | Linear interpolation | |
| Pure phase | all creep rates |
In the mixed phase () region, interpolations are made to calculate the Norton material parameters. Depending on the strain rate, different approaches are adopted from Neitzel and Rosinger (1980):
For s:
linear interpolation of ln(A), n, and Q is made between the values for pure and the equally mixed phases of ( ),
and between and pure phase.
For s, it is assumed that the values of ln(A), n, and Q vary linearly between the values for pure and pure phase.
Figure 1: Effective creep strain rate of Zircaloy-4 as a function of temperature for different values of the effective stress. The approximate temperature regions corresponding to the different crystallographic phases of the material are highlighted.
To perform the interpolation, the fraction of each phase calculated is in the separate material model ZrPhase. The effective creep strain rate as a function of temperature for different stress values is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 2: Creep strain rate of Zircaloy-4 for the Erbacher model as a function of temperature and stress generated using uniaxial tension tests.
Creep rate contours generated using uniaxial tension tests are shown in Figure 2 as a function of temeprature and stress. The interpolation of creep parameters for the onset of the LOCA creep model (900K) and the the mixed phase of for the cladding material is illustrated through distinct regions of the creep rate.
When running a simulation where the temperature in the cladding increases from normal operating conditions (about 600K) up to LOCA temperatures (about 900K), the effective creep strain rate is linearly interpolated between the Limback thermal creep model (Matsuo, 1987) and the LOCA thermal creep model. There are a number of regression tests that demonstrate the LOCA behavior and the transition between normal operation secondary thermal creep and LOCA creep.
Kaddour Creep Model
The Kaddour model is similar in power-law creep rate form to the Erbacher model, however the prefactor of the creep strain now includes a temperature dependence.
where (s) is the effective creep strain rate, A (K-MPas) the creep coefficient, Q (J/mol) the activation energy for the creep deformation, T (K) the temperature, (MPa) the effective (von Mises) stress, and n (dimensionless) is the stress exponent. Identically to the erbacher model,the components of the strain tensor are then updated at each time step based on the effective strain increment and a flow rule. The material parameters, shown in Table 2, are used in the model were obtained from tension tests on Zircaloy-4 tubes (Kaddour et al., 2004).
Table 2: Material Parameters used to Calculate the Creep in Zircaloy-4 using the Kaddour Model (Kaddour et al., 2004)
| Zircaloy Phase Present | Effective Stress (MPa) | A (K-MPa s) | Q (J/mol) | n (dimensionless) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure phase | ||||
| Pure phase | ||||
| Mixed: 50% phase, 50% phase | all stresses | Linear interpolation of ln (A) | Linear interpolation | Linear interpolation |
| Pure phase | all stresses |
A linear interpolation of ln(A), n, and Q is made between the values for mixed phases between the pure and pure phase (Ma et al., 2021). If the fraction of phase > 0, then the higher stress phase coefficients are used for the creep parameter interpolation for mixed phases.
Figure 3: Creep strain rate of Zircaloy-4 for the Kaddour model as a function of temperature and stress generated using uniaxial tension tests.
Creep rate contours generated using uniaxial tension tests are shown in Figure 3 as a function of temeprature and stress. The interpolation of creep parameters for the onset of the LOCA creep model (900K) and the the mixed phase of for the cladding material is illustrated through distinct regions of the creep rate. The fraction of each phase calculated is in the separate material model ZrPhase.
Donaldson Creep Model
The Donaldson model is similiar in power-law creep rate form to the Kaddour and Erbacher models, however the prefactor of the creep strain includes both the temperature dependant shear modulus and the temperature, while the stress is divided by the shear modulus.
where (s) is the effective creep strain rate, A (K-MPas) the creep coefficient, Q (J/mol) the activation energy for the creep deformation, T (K) the temperature, G (MPa) is the shear modulus (calculated in the following equation), (MPa) the effective (von Mises) stress, and n (dimensionless) is the stress exponent.
where is the shear modulus (MPa) and is the temperature in K.
Identically to the erbacher model,the components of the strain tensor are then updated at each time step based on the effective strain increment and a flow rule. The material parameters, shown in Table 3, are used in the model were obtained from isothermal, internally pressurized tube test using Zircaloy-4 tubes (Donaldson et al., 1985). The Donaldson model is derived using radial deformation data, which allows the calculated creep coefficients to be converted into the axial direction using the hill model. In this model, an option is provided to select the direction to be used. Because of the specificity of this model, it is more appropriate to use the Hoop option when evaluating the cladding hoop strain and failure based on the hoop strain.
Table 3: Material Parameters used to Calculate the Creep in Zircaloy-4 using the Donaldson Model (Donaldson et al., 1985)
| Zircaloy Phase Present | (K-MPa s) | (K-MPa s) | Q (J/mol) | n (dimensionless) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure phase | ||||
| Mixed: 50% phase, 50% phase | ||||
| Pure phase |
linear interpolation of ln(A), n, and Q is made between the values for pure and the equally mixed phases of ( - ), and between - and pure phase. (Donaldson et al., 1985; Ma et al., 2021).
Figure 4: Creep strain rate of Zircaloy-4 for the Donaldson model in the hoop direction as a function of temperature and stress generated using uniaxial tension tests.
Figure 5: Creep strain rate of Zircaloy-4 for the Donaldson model in the axial direction as a function of temperature and stress generated using uniaxial tension tests.
Creep rate contours generated using uniaxial tension tests are shown in Figure 4 (for the hoop direction) and Figure 5 (for the axial direction) as a function of temeprature and stress. Consistant with the larger creep coefficients, the creep rates in the axial direction are much larger than the hoop direction. The interpolation of creep parameters for the onset of the LOCA creep model (900K) and the the mixed phase of for the cladding material is illustrated through distinct regions of the creep rate. The fraction of each phase calculated is in the separate material model ZrPhase.
Limback Thermal Creep (Standard Operating Conditions)
The Limback-Andersson model includes both primary and secondary creep; primary creep can be important as part of power changes when the load on the cladding changes relatively suddenly.
Limback-Andersson Secondary Thermal Creep
Secondary thermal creep rate in the Limback-Andersson model is given as the Matsuo (1987) model where the creep rate is (1) where the constants , , and are shown in Table 4 below for the different cladding materials. These constants are converted from units of hr to s within the source code of BISON to allow the calculation of the creep rate in units of s. Within Eq. (1) is the temperature (K), = 650 (dimensionless), = 8.314 (J/mol/K), = 0.56 (dimensionless), = 1.4 10 ((n/cm)), and = 1.3 (dimensionless).
The secondary thermal creep rate given in Eq. (1) is calculated in units of hr and is immediately converted within BISON to units of s. This conversion changes the creep rate units into s to be consistent with BISON's SI unit convention.
Table 4: Standard Thermal Creep Zircaloy Material Constants
| Clad Type | A (K/MPa/hr) | Q (kJ/mol) | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| stress relief annealed (Zr2 or Zr4) | |||
| recrystallization annealed (Zr2 or M5) | |||
| partially recrystallization annealed (Zr2) | |||
| stress relief annealed ZIRLO |
Based on the Limback model, a new model for ZIRLO was developed by adjusting some parameters to fit data on ZIRLO material using (Foster et al., 2008; Quecedo et al., 2009; Seok et al., 2011). Luscher and Geelhood (2014) state that it has been found that the zircaloy recrystallization annealed model adequately describes the creep behavior of M5.
Note that is a function of effective stress:
Primary Creep from Limback-Andersson
The primary thermal creep rate is calculated as a non zero value when the secondary thermal creep rate is greater than zero while the primary creep strain is below the saturation value. Within these bounds, the primary thermal creep rate is calculated as (2) where = 52 (dimensionless) and is a time constant type variable defined as:
where is the saturated primary creep strain and is the steady state creep rate: the sum of the secondary thermal and irradiation creep rates. The primary thermal creep rate shown in Eq. (2) is calculated in units of hr and is immediately converted within BISON to units of s. This conversion changes the creep rate units into s to be consistent with the SI unit convention used in BISON.
The primary saturated strain, , can be determined by either the Matsuo model or Limback's modified Matsuo model, (Matsuo, 1987). The Limback modified model, given below, is used as the default method to calculate primary thermal creep strain. (3)
The primary saturated strain based on Matsuo model is given below, and can be used instead of the Limback's modified Matsuo model. (4)
The constant model parameters for the saturated primary creep calculation are given in Table 5. These constants are converted from units of hr to s within the BISON to enable the calculation of the creep rate in units of s.
Both primary creep strain and secondary thermal creep strain are saved as independent material properties, primary_creep_strain and thermal_secondary_creep_strain; these material properties can be saved to the output file through the use of AuxKernels to individually examine these components of the creep strain.
Hoppe Irradiation Creep
Irradiation-induced creep of cladding materials is based on an empirical model developed by Hoppe (1991) that relates the creep rate to the current fast neutron flux and stress. The specific relation implemented is: (5) where is the effective irradiation creep rate, is the fast neutron flux , is the effective (Mises) stress (MPa), and , , and are material constants. The irradiation creep rate calculated in Eq. (5) is given in units of hr and is immediately converted within BISON to units of s. This conversion changes the creep rate units into s to be consistent with the SI unit convention used in BISON.
The material constants , , and are shown in the table for different cladding materials. Note that the original Hoppe formulation is given in terms of circumferential stress while the relation implemented in BISON assumes an effective (von Mises) stress.
Table 6: Irradiation Creep Zircaloy Material Constants
| Clad Type | ((n/m) MPa/hr) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| stress relief annealed (Zr2 or Zr4) | |||
| recrystallization annealed (Zr2 or M5) | |||
| partially recrystallization annealed (Zr2) | |||
| stress relief annealed ZIRLO |
These constants are converted from units of hr to s within the source code of BISON to allow the calculation of the creep rate in units of s. The constants used in the irradiation creep model depend on the material selected as an input parameter.
Total Zircaloy Creep Strain
Total creep strain is the combination of the primary and secondary creep strains:
Example Input Syntax
[Materials<<<{"href": "../../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate<<<{"description": "Computes the secondary thermal creep under loss-of-coolant accident conditions using the Erbacher (default), Kaddour, or Donaldson models; the Limback-Andersson primary thermal creep; and the Hoppe irradiation creep for Zircaloy cladding. This material must be run in conjunction with ComputeMultipleInelasticStress.", "href": "ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.html"}>>>
high_temperature_creep_model<<<{"description": "The model to use in calculating high temperature creep. Choices are: Erbacher Kaddour Donaldson"}>>> = erbacher
temperature<<<{"description": "The coupled temperature (K)"}>>> = temp
model_primary_creep<<<{"description": "Set true to activate primary creep"}>>> = false
model_irradiation_creep<<<{"description": "Set true to activate irradiation induced creep"}>>> = false
[]
[]ZryCreepLOCAUpdate must be run in conjunction with the inelastic strain return mapping stress calculator as shown below:
[Materials<<<{"href": "../../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress<<<{"description": "Compute state (stress and internal parameters such as plastic strains and internal parameters) using an iterative process. Combinations of creep models and plastic models may be used.", "href": "../ComputeMultipleInelasticStress.html"}>>>
tangent_operator<<<{"description": "Type of tangent operator to return. 'elastic': return the elasticity tensor. 'nonlinear': return the full, general consistent tangent operator."}>>> = elastic
inelastic_models<<<{"description": "The material objects to use to calculate stress and inelastic strains. Note: specify creep models first and plasticity models second."}>>> = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[]The material ZrPhase must also be included in the input file when running simulations with ZryCreepLOCAUpdate, such as
[Materials<<<{"href": "../../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase<<<{"description": "Computes the volume fraction of beta phase for Zr-based cladding materials as a function of temperature and time.", "href": "../ZrPhase.html"}>>>
temperature<<<{"description": "Coupled temperature"}>>> = temp
numerical_method<<<{"description": "Select numerical method to solve the equation for beta phase fraction"}>>> = 2
[]
[]Input Parameters
- apply_strainTrueFlag to apply strain. Used for testing.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Flag to apply strain. Used for testing.
- control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
- effective_inelastic_strain_nameeffective_creep_strainName of the material property that stores the effective inelastic strain
Default:effective_creep_strain
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:Name of the material property that stores the effective inelastic strain
- enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
- implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
- seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
- substep_strain_tolerance0.1Maximum ratio of the initial elastic strain increment at start of the return mapping solve to the maximum inelastic strain allowable in a single substep. Reduce this value to increase the number of substeps
Default:0.1
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Maximum ratio of the initial elastic strain increment at start of the return mapping solve to the maximum inelastic strain allowable in a single substep. Reduce this value to increase the number of substeps
- use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Advanced Parameters
- creeprate_scale_factor1scaling factor for total creep rate. Used for calibration and sensitivity studies
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:scaling factor for total creep rate. Used for calibration and sensitivity studies
Advanced: Scaling Factors Parameters
- internal_solve_full_iteration_historyFalseSet true to output full internal Newton iteration history at times determined by `internal_solve_output_on`. If false, only a summary is output.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set true to output full internal Newton iteration history at times determined by `internal_solve_output_on`. If false, only a summary is output.
- internal_solve_output_onon_errorWhen to output internal Newton solve information
Default:on_error
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:never, on_error, always
Controllable:No
Description:When to output internal Newton solve information
Debug Parameters
- output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
- outputsnone Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Default:none
C++ Type:std::vector<OutputName>
Controllable:No
Description:Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Outputs Parameters
- prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
- use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Material Property Retrieval Parameters
Input Files
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt5MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt5MPa.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-16/puzry-16.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_08MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_08MPa.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-23/puzry-23.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_overstress_plastic_instability.i)
- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
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- (test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_plastic_instability.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-27/puzry-27.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_02MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_02MPa.i)
References
- A.T. Donaldson, T. Healey, and R.A.L. Horwood.
Biaxial creep deformation of zircaloy-4 pwr fuel cladding in the alpha,(alpha + beta) and beta phase temperature ranges.
Technical Report, British Nuclear Energy Society, 1985.[BibTeX]
@techreport{donaldson_ea_1985, author = "Donaldson, A.T. and Healey, T. and Horwood, R.A.L.", year = "1985", title = "Biaxial creep deformation of Zircaloy-4 PWR fuel cladding in the alpha,(alpha + beta) and beta phase temperature ranges.", institution = "British Nuclear Energy Society" } - F. J. Erbacher, H. J. Neitzel, H. Rosinger, H. Schmidt, and K. Wiehr.
Burst criterion of Zircaloy fuel claddings in a loss-of-coolant accident.
In Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry, Fifth Conference, ASTM STP 754, D.G. Franklin Ed., 271–283. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1982.[BibTeX]
@INPROCEEDINGS{erbacher_ea_1982, author = "Erbacher, F. J. and Neitzel, H. J. and Rosinger, H. and Schmidt, H. and Wiehr, K.", title = "Burst criterion of {Z}ircaloy fuel claddings in a loss-of-coolant accident", booktitle = "Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry, Fifth Conference, ASTM STP 754, D.G. Franklin Ed.", organization = "American Society for Testing and Materials", year = "1982", pages = "271-283" } - J.P. Foster, H.K. Yueh, and R.J. Comstock.
Zirlo™ cladding improvement.
Journal of ASTM International, 2008.[BibTeX]
@article{foster_2008, author = "Foster, J.P. and Yueh, H.K. and Comstock, R.J.", title = "ZIRLO$^{TM}$ Cladding Improvement", journal = "Journal of {ASTM} International", volume = "5", number = "7", year = "2008" } - N. E. Hoppe.
Engineering model for zircaloy creep and growth.
In Proceedings of the ANS-ENS International Topical Meeting on LWR Fuel Performance, 157–172. Avignon, France, April 21-24, 1991.[BibTeX]
@INPROCEEDINGS{hoppe91, author = "Hoppe, N. E.", title = "Engineering model for zircaloy creep and growth", booktitle = "Proceedings of the ANS-ENS International Topical Meeting on {LWR} Fuel Performance", year = "1991", pages = "157-172", address = "Avignon, France", month = "April 21-24," } - D. Kaddour, S. Frechinet, A.F. Gourgues, J.C. Brachet, L. Portier, and A. Pineau.
Experimental determination of creep properties of zirconium alloys together with phase transformation.
Scripta Materialia, 51(6):515–519, 2004.[BibTeX]
@article{kaddour_ea_2004, author = "Kaddour, D. and Frechinet, S. and Gourgues, A.F. and Brachet, J.C. and Portier, L. and Pineau, A.", title = "Experimental determination of creep properties of Zirconium alloys together with phase transformation", journal = "Scripta Materialia", volume = "51", number = "6", pages = "515-519", year = "2004" } - WJ Luscher and KJ Geelhood.
Material property correlations: comparisons between FRAPCON-3.5, FRAPTRAN-1.5, and MATPRO.
Technical Report NUREG/CR-7024 Rev.1, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2014.[BibTeX]
@TECHREPORT{luscher2014, author = "Luscher, WJ and Geelhood, KJ", title = "Material Property Correlations: Comparisons between {FRAPCON-3.5}, {FRAPTRAN-1.5}, and {MATPRO}", year = "2014", institution = "Pacific Northwest National Laboratory", number = "NUREG/CR-7024 Rev.1" } - Zehua Ma, Koroush Shirvan, Yingwei Wu, and G.H. Su.
Numerical investigation of ballooning and burst for chromium coated zircaloy cladding.
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2021.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111420.[BibTeX]
@article{ma_ea_2021, author = "Ma, Zehua and Shirvan, Koroush and Wu, Yingwei and Su, G.H.", title = "Numerical investigation of ballooning and burst for chromium coated zircaloy cladding", journal = "Nuclear Engineering and Design", volume = "383", year = "2021", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111420" } - M. E. Markiewicz and F.J. Erbacher.
Experiments on ballooning in pressurized and transiently heated Zircaloy-4 tubes.
Technical Report KfK 4343, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, 1988.[BibTeX]
@TECHREPORT{markiewicz_erbacher_1988, author = "Markiewicz, M. E. and Erbacher, F.J.", title = "Experiments on ballooning in pressurized and transiently heated {Z}ircaloy-4 tubes", year = "1988", number = "KfK 4343", address = "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany", institution = "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany" } - Y. Matsuo.
Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure.
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111–119, February 1987.[BibTeX]
@ARTICLE{Matsuo1987, author = "Matsuo, Y.", title = "Thermal Creep of Zircaloy-4 Cladding under Internal Pressure", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology", year = "1987", volume = "24", pages = "111-119", number = "2", month = "February" } - H. J. Neitzel and H. Rosinger.
The development of a burst criterion for zircaloy fuel cladding under loca conditions.
Technical Report KfK 4343, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, 1980.[BibTeX]
@TECHREPORT{neitzel_rosinger_1980, author = "Neitzel, H. J. and Rosinger, H.", title = "The development of a burst criterion for Zircaloy fuel cladding under LOCA conditions", year = "1980", number = "KfK 4343", address = "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany", institution = "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany" } - M. Quecedo, M. Lloret, J.M. Conde, C. Alejano, J.A. Gago, and F.J. Fernandez.
Results of thermal creep test on highly irradiated zirlo™.
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 41(2):179–186, 2009.[BibTeX]
@article{quecedo_2009, author = "Quecedo, M. and Lloret, M. and Conde, J.M. and Alejano, C. and Gago, J.A. and Fernandez, F.J.", title = "Results of Thermal Creep Test on Highly Irradiated ZIRLO$^{TM}$", journal = "Nuclear Engineering and Technology", volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "179-186", year = "2009" } - C.S. Seok, B. Marple, Y.J. Song, S. Gollapudi, I. Charit, and K.L. Murty.
High temperature deformation characteristics of zirlo™ tubing via ring-creep and burst tests.
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 241:599–602, 2011.[BibTeX]
@article{seok_2011, author = "Seok, C.S. and Marple, B. and Song, Y.J. and Gollapudi, S. and Charit, I. and Murty, K.L.", title = "High Temperature Deformation Characteristics of ZIRLO$^{TM}$ tubing via Ring-creep and Burst Tests", journal = "Nuclear Engineering and Design", volume = "241", pages = "599-602", year = "2011" } - P. Van Uffelen, C. Győri, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, Z. Hózer, and G. Spykman.
Extending the application range of a fuel performance code from normal operating to design basis accident conditions.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 383(1):137–143, 2008.
Advances in Nuclear Materials: Processing, Performance and Phenomena.
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.043.[BibTeX]
@article{VANUFFELEN2008137, author = "{Van Uffelen}, P. and Győri, C. and Schubert, A. and {van de Laar}, J. and Hózer, Z. and Spykman, G.", title = "Extending the application range of a fuel performance code from normal operating to design basis accident conditions", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials", volume = "383", number = "1", pages = "137-143", year = "2008", note = "Advances in Nuclear Materials: Processing, Performance and Phenomena", issn = "0022-3115", doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.08.043" }
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/operating_to_loca_creep_1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 650 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 500 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 650K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), A = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) *
# (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# If the temperature is above the parameter temperature_loca_creep_begin, the creep rate is directly calculated by the loca creep model.
#
# For Temperature = 650K and temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, the Matsuo creep model returns creeprate = 3.23484e-6
# A = 22.53, Q = 1.66e5, n = 4.063.
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.2348e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 650.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '650 650'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5.0e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 10
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_1_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/operating_to_loca_creep_1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 650 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 500 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 650K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), A = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) *
# (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# If the temperature is above the parameter temperature_loca_creep_begin, the creep rate is directly calculated by the loca creep model.
#
# For Temperature = 650K and temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, the Matsuo creep model returns creeprate = 3.23484e-6
# A = 22.53, Q = 1.66e5, n = 4.063.
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.2348e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 650.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '650 650'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5.0e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 10
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_1_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/operating_to_loca_creep_1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 650 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 500 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 650K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), A = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) *
# (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# If the temperature is above the parameter temperature_loca_creep_begin, the creep rate is directly calculated by the loca creep model.
#
# For Temperature = 650K and temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, the Matsuo creep model returns creeprate = 3.23484e-6
# A = 22.53, Q = 1.66e5, n = 4.063.
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.2348e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 650.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '650 650'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5.0e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 10
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_1_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt5MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt5MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-9 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 2.582083e-5 1/s (at temperature = 900K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 1.2913739E-05 1/s
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 1.2913739e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 1.2913739e-05.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# creep_rate_loca = 2.5572553E-05 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 2.5572548e-05 1/s.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-16/puzry-16.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-16.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.234e+07' # Linear increase at 0.1224 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-16_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_08MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_08MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '8.e+06 8.e+06' # 80 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_08MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in ZryCreepUpdate
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1200 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 5 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1200K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.86572. The beta phase takes about 150 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 150, the pressure load goes from 0 to 5 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 24 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1200K and fraction of beta phase = 0.8657:
# A = 3.09, Q = 1.313e5, n = 3.39.
# This gives an effective creep strain rate = 3.09 * exp(-1.313e5/(8.314*1200)) * 5^3.39 = 0.00155417
# Total creep strain = (0.5 * 1 + 24) * 0.00155417 = 0.038077 (This is the area under the strain rate vs. time curve
# with 1/2 base[1 sec] * height[0.00155417] for the time the load goes from 0 to maximum plus base[24 sec] * height[0.0009356]
# for the remainder of solution time).
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 0.033727
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1200
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150 151'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1200 1200'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 120 140 150 151 152 153'
y = '20 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 175
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1_out
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta phase is zero
# the creep rate, from the loca model, where A = 8736.8, Q = 321662.9.4, n = 5.89, is:
#
# creep_rate_loca = 3.07837e-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.07837e-06 1/s, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 3.078370e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-23/puzry-23.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-23.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.0855e+07' # Linear increase at 0.0717 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-23_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_overstress_plastic_instability.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting (burst) stress or a limiting creep
# rate is exceeded (criterion = 2, i.e., combined overstress and plastic instability criterion).
#
# The limiting creep rate is 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# For this case, failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting creep rate, which is
# lim_creep_rate = 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 8.9
dt = 0.1
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[creep_rate]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = creep_rate
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.41E+13, Q_ab = 210961, n_ab = 2.59
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.000079469198 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 7.946920E-05 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-15/puzry-15.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-15.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.183e+07' # Linear increase at 0.1173 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-15_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1250K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.40E+13, Q_ab = 96267, n_ab = 3.62
#
# creep_rate_loca = 9.2163317E-03 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 9.2163313e-03 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 172489043 # Begin Blowdown
# end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_part1_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_overstress.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when a limiting (burst) stress is exceeded
# (criterion = 0, i.e., overstress criterion).
#
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# Failure occurs when the hoop stres reaches the burst stress of 305.34 MPa
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-2
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = overstress
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 20.0
dtmax = 0.1
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-05/puzry-05.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-05.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.2e+05' # Linear increase at 0.0062 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-05_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_06MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_06MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '6.e+06 6.e+06' # 60 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_06MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_ORNL_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/Zr2_1/ornl_zr2_1.i)
# Simulation ORNL burst tests Zr2_1
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = zr2_ornl_burst_test_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func] # only 10 inches of the rod are within the heated zone (cf. Terrani email)
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_ornl_zr2_1.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = pressure_inner_ornl_zr2_1.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+06
format = columns
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 400. '
y = '0.1 0.1 ' # atmospheric pressure
scale_factor = 1.e+06
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 4'
preset = false
[]
[no_y_top]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
preset = false
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[mid_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 2 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = cladding
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 301
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 300
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.004875
clad_outer_radius = 0.005580
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
#use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 400.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[pressure_inner]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[pressure_outer]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = outer_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[mid_disp_r_clad]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 22
[]
[stress_xx_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_xx
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_yy_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_yy
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_zz_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[strain_zz_midplane] # strain in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = strain_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
plenum_boundary_name = 4
cladding_blocks = cladding
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
perf_graph = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 20
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = ornl_zr2_1_chkfile
show = 'pressure_inner max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-02/puzry-02.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-02.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.5e+05' # Linear increase at 0.0065 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-02_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_overstrain.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when the overstrain criterion
# is achieved (criterion = 3).
#
# The limiting true creep hoop strain is 33.6%
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
initial_condition = .334
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = FunctionAux
variable = hoop_creep_strain
function = '.334+t'
[]
# NOTE: a function corresponding to the strain is applied to test the failure
# model. In reality, one would couple the displacements and the calculated
# strain as shown, but has been commented out.
# [hoop_creep_strain]
# type = RankTwoScalarAux
# rank_two_tensor = creep_strain
# variable = hoop_creep_strain
# scalar_type = HoopStress
# execute_on = timestep_end
# []
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_creep_strain = hoop_creep_strain
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 0.003
dt = 0.001
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_creep_strain
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_overstress.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when a limiting (burst) stress is exceeded
# (criterion = 0, i.e., overstress criterion).
#
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# Failure occurs when the hoop stres reaches the burst stress of 305.34 MPa
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-2
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = overstress
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 20.0
dtmax = 0.1
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 650 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 500 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 650K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), A = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) *
# (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# If the temperature is above the parameter temperature_loca_creep_begin, the creep rate is directly calculated by the loca creep model.
#
# For Temperature = 650K and temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, the Matsuo creep model returns creeprate = 3.23484e-6
# A = 22.53, Q = 1.66e5, n = 4.063.
#
# The Bison-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.2348e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 650.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '650 650'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[vonmises]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5.0e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 10
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_1_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in MechZryModel and MaterialZry
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 10 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# EDOTTHLOCA = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * sigma_eff^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.399129. The beta phase takes about 300 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 300, the pressure load goes from 0 to 10 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 69 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K and fraction of beta phase = 0.399129:
# A = 860.369, Q = 2.490e5, n = 5.0478.
# This gives an effective creep strain rate = 860.369 * exp(-2.49e5/(8.314*1150)) * 5^5.0487 = 0.000470
# Total creep strain = (0.5 * 1 + 69) * 0.000470 = 0.0327 (This is the area under the strain rate vs. time curve
# with 1/2 base[1 sec] * height[0.000470] for the time the load goes from 0 to maximum plus base[69 sec] * height[0.000470]
# for the remainder of solution time).
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 0.0327
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 300 301'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 250 290 300 301 302 310'
y = '50 50 10 0.1 0.1 1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 10e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 370
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2_out
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.0, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 4.55E+23, Q_ab = 266800, n_ab = 5.31
#
# creep_rate_loca = 9.6751240E-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K, beta fraction 0.0)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 9.6751240e-06 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_hoop.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.43E+22 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 3.63E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.49E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1250K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 1.23E+13, Q_ab = 96267, n_ab = 3.62
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.0047411682 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = .0047411680 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
#tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = Donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Hoop
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_hoop_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * sigma_eff^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero, from the loca model, A = 8736.8, Q = 320428.4, n = 5.89.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-9 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 2.240954e-05 1/s (at temperature = 900 K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 1.12081e-05 1/s
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 1.12081e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 1.12081e-05.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_01MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_01MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+06 1.e+06' # 10 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_01MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/base_input/Hardy_Tube_Test.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/2pt1MPa/100C_sec/100C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_2pt1MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_overstress_overstrain.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting (burst) stress or a limiting
# hoop strain is exceeded (criterion = 4, i.e., combined overstress and overstrain criterion).
#
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# The limiting true creep hoop strain is 33.6%
#
# For this case, failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting strain.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
initial_condition = .334
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = FunctionAux
variable = hoop_creep_strain
function = '.334+t'
[]
# NOTE: a function corresponding to the strain is applied to test the failure
# model. In reality, one would couple the displacements and the calculated
# strain as shown, but has been commented out.
# [hoop_creep_strain]
# type = RankTwoScalarAux
# rank_two_tensor = creep_strain
# variable = hoop_creep_strain
# scalar_type = HoopStress
# execute_on = timestep_end
# []
[fract_bphase]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = hoop_creep_strain
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 0.003
dt = 0.001
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_creep_strain
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_10/IFA_650_10_part1.i)
# Halden test IFA-650.10
initial_fuel_density = 10447
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}. # 95.32% of 10960
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
temperature = temp
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 5 # For contact algorithm
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = mesh_ifa65010.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[linear_heat_rate]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = lhr_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+03
format = columns
[]
[axial_power_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = lhr_peaking_factors.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[rod_outer_pressure]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = rod_outer_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+06
format = columns
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temp_outer_clad.csv
scale_factor = 1.
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[q] # same as linear_heat_rate for the base irradiation
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = lhr_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+03
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heat_sink_temperature.csv
scale_factor = 1.
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = htc_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.
format = columns
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 125690842. 125691189.5'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
format = columns
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fast_neutron_flux]
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
[]
[grain_radius]
initial_condition = 4.65e-06
[]
[thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_hflux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[pellet_id]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet_type_1
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[thcond]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = thermal_conductivity
variable = thermal_conductivity
block = pellet_type_1
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxi_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_hflux]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = output_heat_flux
variable = coolant_hflux
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[pelletid]
type = PelletIdAux
block = pellet_type_1
variable = pellet_id
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
number_pellets = 44
execute_on = initial
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet_type_1
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_growth'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity] # body force term in stress equilibrium equation
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat] # gradient term in heat conduction equation
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie] # time term in heat conduction equation
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[heat_source] # source term in heat conduction equation
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet_type_1
fission_rate = fission_rate
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = pellet_type_1
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
num_radial = 50
bias = 0.95
num_axial = 20
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
fuel_inner_radius = 0.
fuel_outer_radius = 4.105e-03
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.04487 0.95513 0 0 0 0'
RPF = RPF
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1.e+07
model = frictionless
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
quadrature = true
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
roughness_secondary = 1.8e-07
roughness_primary = 2.e-06
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 124861061.
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
#TODO: Add option in StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs to compute plenum temperature this way.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all] # pin pellets and clad along axis of symmetry (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom] # pin clad bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom] # pin fuel bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[Pressure] # apply coolant pressure on clad outer walls
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = rod_outer_pressure
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure] # apply plenum pressure on clad inner walls and pellet surfaces
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.6e+06
startup_time = 0.
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 124861061.
refab_pressure = 4.e+06
refab_temperature = 293.15
refab_volume = 1.7e-05
[]
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 0.
end_time = 124861061.0
[]
#[period1]
# type = TimePeriod
# disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
# start_time = 125690771.0
# end_time = 125691189.5
#[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # PWR conditions (ignored after base irradiation)
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode # prescribe htc until end of blowdown. Then use radiative (+ convective prescribed)
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_coolant_htc # For base irradiation, using averge htc from a previous simulation. Afterwards, use constant values (from jernkvist) plus radiation from end of blowdown
effective_emissivity = 0.6 # 0.75 # cf. Jernkvist
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
#inlet_pressure = 15.5e+06 # Pa
#inlet_massflux = 3800. # kg/m^2-s
rod_diameter = 9.5e-03 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
compute_enthalpy = false #true
#oxide_thickness = oxide_thickness
#heat_transfer_mode = 1 # Natural convection
#htc_correlation_type = 2 # Jens-Lottes (recommended for Halden HBWR)
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet_type_1
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.0468
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet_type_1
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_1
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet_type_1
fragmentation_model = BARANI
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = pellet_type_1
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.0468
initial_fuel_density = 10447.
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate
#burnup_function = burnup #TODO For consistency, we should specify burnup_function rather than fission_rate,
#but keeping it this way to match the SM model
initial_grain_radius = 4.65e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_1
burnup_function = burnup
diameter = 8.21e-03
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
diametral_gap =150.e-06
burnup_relocation_stop = 1.e+20
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
relocation_activation1 = 19685.039
[]
[fission_gas]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
initial_porosity = 0.0468
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
pellet_id = pellet_id
pellet_brittle_zone = pbz
ath_model = true
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.
specific_heat = 330.
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 300.0 #TODO: It is odd to have different values for fuel and clad, but keeping this way to match SM
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = clad
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
#TODO: The parameters below really should be provided, but they weren't specified in the SM model.
# They may have not been included because irradiation creep wasn't modeled. However, they are used in the thermal
# creep model as well.
# fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
# fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = ESCORE_IrradiationGrowthZr4
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_growth
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temp
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
#eff_strain_rate_plast =
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 50.0
variable = temp
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1.e-05
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
l_tol = 1.e-02 # <--- l_tol is ignored when EW is used.
#l_tol = 8.e-03
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 200
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-10
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
#end_time = 124861061. # End of base irradiation
end_time = 125690771. # Blowdown. End prescribing clad outer temperature.
#end_time = 125690842. # End of blowdown
#end_time = 125691189.5
dtmax = 5.e+05
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
dt = 1.e+02
#growth_factor = 1.1
#optimal_iterations = 4
#iteration_window = 2
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times #linear_heat_rate
max_function_change = 2000.
force_step_every_function_point = true
time_t = '121509219. 124861061. 125680151. 125690151. 125690771. 125691027. 125691033.'
time_dt = '5.e+05 1.e+04 1.e+04 10. 5. 0.5 5. '
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[pbz]
type = PelletBrittleZone
block = pellet_type_1
pellet_id = pellet_id
temperature = temp
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
pellet_radius = 4.105e-03
number_pellets = 44
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[alhr_input]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = linear_heat_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxygen_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxygen_fgain_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfgain_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[creep_rate_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
block = clad
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[strain_clad_hoop_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
[]
[stress_clad_hoop_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_midplane]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 676 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_tclow]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 826 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_tchigh]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 511 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_plenum_mid]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 241 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_inner_midplane]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 679 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
boundary = '1 2 3'
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_ave]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet_type_1
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_central]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temp
nodeid = 1569 # !! Mesh dependent
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_outer_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
boundary = 10
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[strain_clad_hoop_outer_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = hoop_strain
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[stress_clad_hoop_outer_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = hoop_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[contact_pressure_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 1300 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = contact_pressure
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxide_thickness_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = oxide_thickness
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_conductance_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 10
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_htc_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_htc_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_hflux_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = coolant_hflux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_hflux_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_hflux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temp
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 10
[]
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_3d_10MPa_01Kpers_90deg/rebeka_singlerod_3d_10MPa_90deg.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Problem]
[]
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = 3d_rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+07 1.e+07' # 100 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Total oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
translation = 0.1625
vary_azimuthally = true
azimuthal_variation_pi2 = -30.
minimum_temperature = 573.0
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[no_z_frontside]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 5
value = 0.
[]
[no_x_backside]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_singlerod_3d_10MPa_90deg_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_overstress_plastic_instability.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting (burst) stress or a limiting creep
# rate is exceeded (criterion = 2, i.e., combined overstress and plastic instability criterion).
#
# The limiting creep rate is 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# For this case, failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting creep rate, which is
# lim_creep_rate = 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 8.9
dt = 0.1
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[creep_rate]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = creep_rate
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-08/puzry-08.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-08.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.626e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0763 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1200.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-08_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 10 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.399129. The beta phase takes about 300 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 300, the pressure load goes from 0 to 10 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 69 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K and fraction of beta phase = 0.399129:
# To form the closed solution, the strain rate during is discretely calculated in .1s intervals as the load is applied and then
# calculated for the steady-state creep rate:
#
# strain rate (1MPa) = 1.34E-08
# strain rate (2MPa) = 3.48E-07
# strain rate (3MPa) = 2.34E-06
# strain rate (4MPa) = 9.04E-06
# strain rate (5MPa) = 2.58E-05
# strain rate (6MPa) = 6.08E-05
# strain rate (7MPa) = 1.25E-04
# strain rate (8MPa) = 2.35E-04
# strain rate (9MPa) = 4.09E-04
# strain rate (10MPa) = 6.71E-04
# This gives an effective steady-state creep strain rate = 6.71E-04
# Total creep strain = .1s * sum of strain rates (1 to 5MPa) + 69s * strain rate (5MPa) = 4.6458016E-02
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 4.6457480e-02
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 300 301'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 250 290 300 301 302 310'
y = '50 50 10 0.1 0.1 1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 10e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 370
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2_out
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_10MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_10MPa_1pt5.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
clad_mesh_density = customize
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
include_plenum = false
pellet_outer_radius = 0.00465
clad_gap_width = 0
clad_thickness = 0.000725
fuel_height = 0.1625
slices_per_block = 10
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
nx_c = 1
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[UserObjects]
[pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_fuel = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+07 1.e+07' # 100 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = inner_pressure_func
coolant_pressure = outer_pressure_func
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1
fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/Layered1D]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_xy creep_strain_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y] ## Required for easier visualization in Paraview
[]
[disp_z] ## Required for easier visualization in Paraview
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.0
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 5
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 5
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1. # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-06
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[min_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_eff_creep_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[top_disp_r_clad_slice] # this is mid height
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 28 # 1 line element
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[stress_xx] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_xx
elementid = 9 #single line element
[]
[stress_yy] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_yy
elementid = 9 #single line element
[]
[stress_zz] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_zz
elementid = 9 #single line element
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_10MPa_1pt5_out_chkfile
show = 'ave_clad_exterior_temp max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_191/Studsvik_191_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
restart_file_base = 'Studsvik_191_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_top_gap_height = 0.021861442
pellet_height = 0.265388558
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.01275
pellet_outer_radius = 4.1e-3
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
clad_mesh_density = customize
pellet_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 5
ny_c = 50
nx_p = 11
ny_p = 60
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 166755600 166842000'
y = '0.006537 1 1 0.006537'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
axis = 1
data_file = clad_temperature.csv
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity]
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 166842000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 166842000
refab_pressure = 11e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[clad_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = clad_surface_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
# [terminator]
# type = Terminator
# expression = 'burst > 0'
# []
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.0095 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[uo2_pulverization]
type = UO2Pulverization
block = pellet
layered_average_contact_pressure = contact_pressure
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = all
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet
fragmentation_model = BARANI
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 100
variable = temperature
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
# n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 166843509.6
dtmax = 20
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = pellet
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = pellet
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 0.1186 # rod height
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = pellet
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1200 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 5 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1200K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.86572. The beta phase takes about 150 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 150, the pressure load goes from 0 to 5 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 24 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1200K and fraction of beta phase = 0.8657:
# To form the closed solution, the strain rate during is discretely calculated in .1s intervals as the load is applied and then
# calculated for the steady-state creep rate:
# strain rate (.5MPa) = 1.96E-06
# strain rate (1MPa) = 1.80E-05
# strain rate (1.5MPa) = 6.58E-05
# strain rate (2MPa) = 1.65E-04
# strain rate (2.5MPa) = 3.37E-04
# strain rate (3MPa) = 6.05E-04
# strain rate (3.5MPa) = 9.90E-04
# strain rate (4MPa) = 1.52E-03
# strain rate (4.5MPa) = 2.21E-03
# strain rate (5MPa) = 3.10E-03
# This gives an effective steady-state creep strain rate = 3.10E-03
# Total creep strain = .1s * sum of strain rates (1 to 5MPa) + 24s * strain rate (5MPa) = 7.5256467E-02
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 7.5243637e-02
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1200
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150 151'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1200 1200'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 120 140 150 151 152 153'
y = '20 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 175
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1_out
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# where A_alpha = 19370, Q_alpha = 329070.0, n_alpha = 5.89,
# and A_beta = 7.9, Q_beta = 1.41919e+05, and n_beta = 3.78
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 8.9345, Q_ab = 144870, n_ab = 3.813
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.003651 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The Bison-calculated creep strain rate = 0.003651 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-06/puzry-06.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-06.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 3000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.06e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0759 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 3000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 3000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-06_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-09 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 4.996277E-05 1/s (at temperature = 900K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 2.4984712E-05 1/s
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 2.4984712e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 2.4984711e-05.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1200 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 5 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1200K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.86572. The beta phase takes about 150 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 150, the pressure load goes from 0 to 5 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 24 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1200K and fraction of beta phase = 0.8657:
# To form the closed solution, the strain rate during is discretely calculated in .1s intervals as the load is applied and then
# calculated for the steady-state creep rate:
#
# strain rate (.5MPa) = 4.75E-08
# strain rate (1MPa) = 9.70E-07
# strain rate (1.5MPa) = 5.66E-06
# strain rate (2MPa) = 1.98E-05
# strain rate (2.5MPa) = 5.22E-05
# strain rate (3MPa) = 1.15E-04
# strain rate (3.5MPa) = 2.26E-04
# strain rate (4MPa) = 4.04E-04
# strain rate (4.5MPa) = 6.74E-04
# strain rate (5MPa) = 1.07E-03
#
# This gives an effective steady-state creep strain rate = 1.07E-03
# Total creep strain = .1s * sum of strain rates (1 to 5MPa) + 24s * strain rate (5MPa) = 2.5829065E-02
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 2.5819209e-02
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1200
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150 151'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1200 1200'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 120 140 150 151 152 153'
y = '20 20 10 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 175
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta1_out
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = 0.0170917878663391
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800.0
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
# execute_on = 'FINAL'
# create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/1pt0MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_1pt0MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_ORNL_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/Zr4_1/ornl_zr4_1.i)
# Simulation ORNL burst tests Zr4_1
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = zr4_ornl_burst_test_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func] # only 10 inches of the rod are within the heated zone (cf. Terrani email)
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_ornl_zr4_1.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = pressure_inner_ornl_zr4_1.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+06
format = columns
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 373.9'
y = '0.1 0.1 ' # atmospheric pressure
scale_factor = 1.e+06
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 4'
preset = false
[]
[no_y_top]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
preset = false
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[mid_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 98 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = cladding
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 301
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 300
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.004175
clad_outer_radius = 0.004750
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
#use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 373.9
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[pressure_inner]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[pressure_outer]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = outer_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[mid_disp_r_clad]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 22
[]
[stress_xx_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_xx
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_yy_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_yy
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_zz_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[strain_zz_midplane] # strain in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = strain_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
plenum_boundary_name = 4
cladding_blocks = cladding
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
perf_graph = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 20
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = ornl_zr4_1_chkfile
show = 'pressure_inner max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_ANL_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/OCL5_8/OCL5_8.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 0.270
pellet_outer_radius = 4.78e-3
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.001
clad_top_gap_height = 0.013
clad_thickness = 0.71e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.1e-3
pellet_mesh_density = coarse
clad_mesh_density = coarse
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 496.02 520.74 528.12 545.94 551.28 671.52 885.3 1195.74 1410.36 1657.86 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1848'
y = '300 300 405.465 482.048 583.351 632.287 634.297 632.825 630.378 631.059 632.59 633 683 733 783 833 883 933 983 1033 1083 1133 1183 1233 1283 1333 1383 1433 1477'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = 'temp_profile.csv'
axis = 1
[]
[cladding_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temperature_func temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GapHeatTransfer
primary = 5
secondary = 10
variable = temperature
gap_conductivity = 0.15 # k of He per Netzsch
[]
[]
[BCs]
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
boundary = '2'
function = cladding_temperature
[]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 101325
[]
[inner_pressure]
boundary = '4 5 6'
factor = 8.28e6
[]
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity = 3.5
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10980.0 #perfectly dense UO2
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1800.0
dtmax = 100
dtmin = 0.0001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10.0
time_dt = '100 10'
time_t = '10 400'
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_clad_temp max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.41E+13, Q_ab = 210961, n_ab = 2.59
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.000079469198 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 7.946920E-05 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-26/puzry-26.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-26.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.203e+07' # Linear increase at 0.1193 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-26_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_14MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_14MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.4e+07 1.4e+07' # 140 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.0
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_14MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[fuel_relo]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 172489043
end_time = 172489661
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
# axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
# hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
# end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 172489043 # Begin Blowdown
end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 3.0 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
perf_graph = true
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-10/puzry-10.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-10.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.52e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0710 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1200.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-10_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_ANL_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/OCL11/OCL11.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 0.270
pellet_outer_radius = 4.78e-3
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.001
clad_top_gap_height = 0.013
clad_thickness = 0.71e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.1e-3
pellet_mesh_density = coarse
clad_mesh_density = coarse
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 496.02 520.74 528.12 545.94 551.28 671.52 885.3 1195.74 1410.36 1657.86 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1848'
y = '300 300 405.465 482.048 583.351 632.287 634.297 632.825 630.378 631.059 632.59 633 683 733 783 833 883 933 983 1033 1083 1133 1183 1233 1283 1333 1383 1433 1477'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = 'temp_profile.csv'
axis = 1
[]
[cladding_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temperature_func temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = clad
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GapHeatTransfer
primary = 5
secondary = 10
variable = temperature
gap_conductivity = 0.15 # k of He per Netzsch
[]
[]
[BCs]
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
boundary = '2'
function = cladding_temperature
[]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 101325
[]
[inner_pressure]
boundary = '4 5 6'
factor = 8.28e6
[]
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.0
inlet_pressure = 101325
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 0.01118
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity = 3.5
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10980.0 #perfectly dense UO2
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = clad_outside_right
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.88e-3 #checked
clad_outer_radius = 5.59e-3 #checked
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1800.0
dtmax = 100
dtmin = 0.0001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10.0
time_dt = '100 10'
time_t = '10 400'
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = scale_thickness
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_clad_temp max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_191/Studsvik_191_part2_1p5d_fr_frd.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
restart_file_base = 'Studsvik_191_part1_1p5d_fr_frd_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 10
clad_gap_width = 8.0e-5
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
fuel_height = 0.265388558
plenum_height = 0.034861442
elem_type = EDGE3
nx_p = 11
pellet_mesh_density = customize
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[strain_yy_0]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
block = fuel
[]
# Define auxilary variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 166755600 166842000'
y = '0.006537 1 1 0.006537'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
# Add this to accident part
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
axis = 1
data_file = clad_temperature.csv
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
block = fuel
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain '
'axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress '
'creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress '
'creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_primary
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
block = fuel
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 166842000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '2'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 166842000
refab_pressure = 11e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[clad_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = clad_surface_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
# Fuel dispersal
[layered_average_hoop_strain]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_zz
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
# We could have two element UOs to obtain interface stress
[1DContactStressOOP_fuel]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
block = fuel
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DContactStressOOP_cladding]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
block = clad
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_secondary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = pellet_outer_radial_surface
num_layers = 10
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = true
tangential_pressure = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.0265
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_primary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = clad_inside_right
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = false
secondary_side_frictional_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.0265
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
# Axial relocation object is created by axial relocation action
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.0095 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_dispersal]
type = UO2Dispersal
block = fuel
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
layered_average_burnup = layered_average_burnup
layered_average_hoop_strain = layered_average_hoop_strain
dispersal_model = ONE_MM_TWO_PERCENT_STRAIN
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
##
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy_0
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.00005
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[volume_fuel_dispersed]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
block = fuel
mat_prop = dispersed
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[mass_fuel_dispersed]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = volume_fuel_dispersed
expression = '10431 * volume_fuel_dispersed'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 166843509.6
dtmax = 20
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = fuel
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[cladding_outer]
type = NodalValueSampler
boundary = 5
variable = disp_x
sort_by = y
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
layered = true
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_pellet_blocks = 'fuel'
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
num_files = 2
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_ORNL_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/Zr2_2/ornl_zr2_2.i)
# Simulation ORNL burst tests Zr2_2
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = zr2_ornl_burst_test_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func] # only 10 inches of the rod are within the heated zone (cf. Terrani email)
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_ornl_zr2_2.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = pressure_inner_ornl_zr2_2.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+06
format = columns
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '0.1 0.1 ' # atmospheric pressure
scale_factor = 1.e+06
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 4'
preset = false
[]
[no_y_top]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
preset = false
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[mid_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 2 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = cladding
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 301
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 300
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.004875
clad_outer_radius = 0.005580
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
#use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 2.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 2.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[pressure_inner]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[pressure_outer]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = outer_pressure_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[mid_disp_r_clad]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 22
[]
[stress_xx_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_xx
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_yy_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_yy
elementid = 19
[]
[stress_zz_midplane] # stress in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[strain_zz_midplane] # strain in the mid Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = strain_zz
elementid = 19
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
plenum_boundary_name = 4
cladding_blocks = cladding
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
perf_graph = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 20
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = ornl_zr2_2_chkfile
show = 'pressure_inner max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_191/Studsvik_191_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_top_gap_height = 0.021861442
pellet_height = 0.265388558
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.01275
pellet_outer_radius = 4.1e-3
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
clad_mesh_density = customize
pellet_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 5
ny_c = 50
nx_p = 11
ny_p = 60
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
# Define dependent variables and initial conditions
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0 # set initial temp to coolant inlet
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 10e-6
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 166755600 166842000'
y = '0.006537 1 1 0.006537'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity]
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 166842000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 166842000
refab_pressure = 11e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.0095 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[uo2_pulverization]
type = UO2Pulverization
block = pellet
layered_average_contact_pressure = contact_pressure
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = all
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueElementDamper
min_value = 290.0
max_value = 3000.0
variable = temperature
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
start_time = -10
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 166842000
dtmax = 1e6
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = pellet
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = pellet
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 0.1186 # rod height
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = pellet
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
num_files = 2
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# creep_rate_loca = 3.7207486E-03 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 3.7207484e-03 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt7MPa/100C_sec/Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt7MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-31/puzry-31.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-31.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1400. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.944e+06' # Linear increase at 0.1961 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1400. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1400.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-31_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_196/Studsvik_196_part1_1p5d_fr_ffrd.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 10
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
plenum_height = 0.0393576
pellet_outer_radius = 3.92e-3
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
fuel_height = 0.2606424
# nx_c = 2
# nx_p = 11
elem_type = EDGE3
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
# Define dependent variables and initial conditions
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0 # set initial temp to coolant inlet
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[strain_yy_0]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
block = fuel
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 10e-6
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 86400 47386400 47472800 47559200 47645600 94945600 95032000'
y = '0.0065371 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0065371'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
block = fuel
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_primary
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished fuels (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
block = fuel
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
released_gas_types = 'Kr Xe;
He'
released_fractions = '0.153 0.847;
1'
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 95032000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '2'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 95032000
refab_pressure = 8.2e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[layered_average_hoop_strain]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_zz
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
# [fuel_pin_geometry]
# type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
# mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
# []
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
# We could have two element UOs to obtain interface stress
[1DContactStressOOP_fuel]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
block = fuel
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DContactStressOOP_cladding]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
block = clad
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_secondary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = pellet_outer_radial_surface
num_layers = 10
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = true
tangential_pressure = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.02606424
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_primary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = clad_inside_right
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.24761028
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = false
secondary_side_frictional_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.02606424
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00914 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
# [uo2_pulverization]
# type = UO2Pulverization
# block = fuel
# layered_average_contact_pressure = contact_pressure
# temperature = temperature
# burnup_function = burnup
# output_properties = pulverized
# outputs = all
# []
[fuel_dispersal]
type = UO2Dispersal
block = fuel
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
layered_average_burnup = layered_average_burnup
layered_average_hoop_strain = layered_average_hoop_strain
dispersal_model = ONE_MM_TWO_PERCENT_STRAIN
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
# [fuel_relocation]
# type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
# block = fuel
# burnup_function = burnup
# fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
# rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
# axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
# burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
# relocation_activation1 = 5000
# relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
# eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
# []
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[cladding_outer]
type = NodalValueSampler
boundary = 5
variable = disp_x
sort_by = y
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy_0
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
# CHANGE
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.000050
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[volume_fuel_dispersed]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
block = fuel
mat_prop = dispersed
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[mass_fuel_dispersed]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = volume_fuel_dispersed
expression = '10431 * volume_fuel_dispersed'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
start_time = -10
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 95032000
dtmax = 1e6
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = fuel
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[he_prod]
type = IFBAHeProduction
b10_load = 9.27165354e-5
b10_enrich = 0.5
burnup = average_burnup
zrb2_thick = 10e-6
fuel_out_rad = 9.32e-3
ifba_len = 0.3
u235_enrich = 0.05
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
layered = true
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_pellet_blocks = 'fuel'
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
num_files = 2
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta phase is zero
# the creep rate.
#
# creep_rate_loca = 7.0574162E-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 7.0574162e-06 1/s, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 7.0574162e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt3MPa/100C_sec/100C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt3MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_191/Studsvik_191_part1_1p5d_fr_frd.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 10
clad_gap_width = 8.0e-5
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
fuel_height = 0.265388558
plenum_height = 0.034861442
elem_type = EDGE3
nx_p = 11
pellet_mesh_density = customize
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
# Define dependent variables and initial conditions
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0 # set initial temp to coolant inlet
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[strain_yy_0]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
# Define auxilary variables
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
block = fuel
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 10e-6
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 166755600 166842000'
y = '0.006537 1 1 0.006537'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
block = fuel
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_primary
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
block = fuel
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 166842000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '2'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 166842000
refab_pressure = 11e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
# Fuel dispersal
[layered_average_hoop_strain]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_zz
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
# We could have two element UOs to obtain interface stress
[1DContactStressOOP_fuel]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
block = fuel
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DContactStressOOP_cladding]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
block = clad
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_secondary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = pellet_outer_radial_surface
num_layers = 10
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = true
tangential_pressure = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.0265
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_primary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = clad_inside_right
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.255359
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = false
secondary_side_frictional_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.0265
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.0095 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_dispersal]
type = UO2Dispersal
block = fuel
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
layered_average_burnup = layered_average_burnup
layered_average_hoop_strain = layered_average_hoop_strain
dispersal_model = ONE_MM_TWO_PERCENT_STRAIN
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueElementDamper
min_value = 290.0
max_value = 3000.0
variable = temperature
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy_0
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
# CHANGE
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.000050
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[volume_fuel_dispersed]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
block = fuel
mat_prop = dispersed
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[mass_fuel_dispersed]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = volume_fuel_dispersed
expression = '10431 * volume_fuel_dispersed'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
start_time = -10
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 166842000
dtmax = 1e6
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = fuel
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[cladding_outer]
type = NodalValueSampler
boundary = 5
variable = disp_x
sort_by = y
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
layered = true
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_pellet_blocks = 'fuel'
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
num_files = 2
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/1pt4MPa/100C_sec/100C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_1pt4MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-14/puzry-14.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-14.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.795e+07' # Linear increase at 0.1190 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-14_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/13pt8MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_13pt8MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-07/puzry-07.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-07.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1300. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 2.377e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0759 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1300. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1300.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-07_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/plenum_pressure/past_rupture.i)
# This simulation is prepared to test the equilibrating of the plenum pressure
# after cladding rupture.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# initial internal pressure is 1 MPa
# additional material is added at a rate of 2e-4 * t where t is in seconds
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# After failure the pressure at the inner surface is set equal to the pressure
# at the outer surface.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 1000.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[material_input_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '2e-4 * t'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 0.1e5
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[temperature]
type = ConstantAux
variable = temperature
value = 1000.0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[1]
boundary = left
initial_pressure = 1e6
R = 8.314472
temperature = aveTempInterior
volume = internalVolume
output = ppress
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
material_input = materialInput
[]
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temperature
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.0
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 5.0
dt = 0.1
[]
[Postprocessors]
[creep_rate]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = creep_rate
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[internalVolume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = left
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[aveTempInterior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = left
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[materialInput]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = material_input_function
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta phase is zero
# the creep rate, from the loca model, where A = 8736.8, Q = 321662.9.4, n = 5.89, is:
#
# creep_rate_loca = 3.07837e-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K)
#
# The Bison-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.07837e-06 1/s, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 3.078370e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_196/Studsvik_196_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
restart_file_base = 'Studsvik_196_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0248576
pellet_height = 0.2606424
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0145
pellet_outer_radius = 3.92e-3
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
clad_mesh_density = customize
pellet_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 5
ny_c = 50
nx_p = 11
ny_p = 60
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 86400 47386400 47472800 47559200 47645600 94945600 95032000'
y = '0.0065371 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0065371'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
axis = 1
data_file = clad_temperature.csv
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity]
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
released_gas_types = 'Kr Xe;
He'
released_fractions = '0.153 0.847;
1'
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 95032000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 95032000
refab_pressure = 8.2e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[clad_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = clad_surface_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
# [terminator]
# type = Terminator
# expression = 'burst > 0'
# []
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00914 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[uo2_pulverization]
type = UO2Pulverization
block = pellet
layered_average_contact_pressure = contact_pressure
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = all
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet
fragmentation_model = BARANI
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueElementDamper
min_value = 290.0
max_value = 3000.0
variable = temperature
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
# n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 95033429.6
dtmax = 20
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = pellet
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = pellet
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 0.1186 # rod height
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[he_prod]
type = IFBAHeProduction
b10_load = 9.27165354e-5
b10_enrich = 0.5
burnup = average_burnup
zrb2_thick = 10e-6
fuel_out_rad = 9.32e-3
ifba_len = 0.3
u235_enrich = 0.05
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = pellet
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-20/puzry-20.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-20.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 3.475e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0225 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-20_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1250K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.40E+13, Q_ab = 96267, n_ab = 3.62
#
# creep_rate_loca = 9.2163317E-03 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 9.2163313e-03 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
#tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = Donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/1pt4MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_1pt4MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.0, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 4.55E+23, Q_ab = 266800, n_ab = 5.31
#
# creep_rate_loca = 9.6751240E-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K, beta fraction 0.0)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 9.6751240e-06 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/3pt8MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_3pt8MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# creep_rate_loca = 3.7207486E-03 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 3.7207484e-03 1/s.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-11/puzry-11.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-11.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.534e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0717 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1200.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-11_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.262416
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 200412461 200413048'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain
fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
strain_zz creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[rel]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.00039
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION'
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 199159200
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 199159200
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.9e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 199159200.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 199159200 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 200412431 # Begin Blowdown
# end_time = 200413048 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '199159200 200312431 200411431 200412431 200412461 200413048'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_9_part1_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-09/puzry-09.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-09.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.524e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0712 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1200.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-09_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_10/IFA_650_10_part2.i)
# Halden test IFA-650.10
initial_fuel_density = 10447
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}. # 95.32% of 10960
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
temperature = temp
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Problem]
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_10_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = mesh_ifa65010.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[linear_heat_rate]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = lhr_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+03
format = columns
[]
[axial_power_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = lhr_peaking_factors.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[rod_outer_pressure]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = rod_outer_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+06
format = columns
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temp_outer_clad.csv
scale_factor = 1.
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[q] # same as linear_heat_rate for the base irradiation
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = lhr_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.e+03
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heat_sink_temperature.csv
scale_factor = 1.
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = htc_average.csv
scale_factor = 1.
format = columns
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 125690842. 125691189.5'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
format = columns
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fast_neutron_flux]
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
[]
[grain_radius]
[]
[thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_hflux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[pellet_id]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet_type_1
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[thcond]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = thermal_conductivity
variable = thermal_conductivity
block = pellet_type_1
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxi_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_hflux]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = output_heat_flux
variable = coolant_hflux
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[pelletid]
type = PelletIdAux
block = pellet_type_1
variable = pellet_id
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
number_pellets = 44
execute_on = initial
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet_type_1
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_growth'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity] # body force term in stress equilibrium equation
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat] # gradient term in heat conduction equation
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie] # time term in heat conduction equation
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[heat_source] # source term in heat conduction equation
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet_type_1
fission_rate = fission_rate
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
block = pellet_type_1
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
num_radial = 50
bias = 0.95
num_axial = 20
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
fuel_inner_radius = 0.
fuel_outer_radius = 4.105e-03
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.04487 0.95513 0 0 0 0'
RPF = RPF
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1.e+07
model = frictionless
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
quadrature = true
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
roughness_secondary = 1.8e-07
roughness_primary = 2.e-06
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 124861061.
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
#TODO: Add option in StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs to compute plenum temperature this way.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all] # pin pellets and clad along axis of symmetry (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom] # pin clad bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom] # pin fuel bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[Pressure] # apply coolant pressure on clad outer walls
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = rod_outer_pressure
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure] # apply plenum pressure on clad inner walls and pellet surfaces
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.6e+06
startup_time = 0.
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 124861061.
refab_pressure = 4.e+06
refab_temperature = 293.15
refab_volume = 1.7e-05
[]
[]
[]
[Controls]
#[period0]
# type = TimePeriod
# disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
# start_time = 0.
# end_time = 124861061.0
#[]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 125690771.0
end_time = 125691189.5
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # PWR conditions (ignored after base irradiation)
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode # prescribe htc until end of blowdown. Then use radiative (+ convective prescribed)
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_coolant_htc # For base irradiation, using averge htc from a previous simulation. Afterwards, use constant values (from jernkvist) plus radiation from end of blowdown
effective_emissivity = 0.6 # 0.75 # cf. Jernkvist
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
#inlet_pressure = 15.5e+06 # Pa
#inlet_massflux = 3800. # kg/m^2-s
rod_diameter = 9.5e-03 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
compute_enthalpy = false #true
#oxide_thickness = oxide_thickness
#heat_transfer_mode = 1 # Natural convection
#htc_correlation_type = 2 # Jens-Lottes (recommended for Halden HBWR)
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet_type_1
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.0468
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet_type_1
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_1
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet_type_1
fragmentation_model = BARANI
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = pellet_type_1
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.0468
initial_fuel_density = 10447.
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate
#burnup_function = burnup #TODO For consistency, we should specify burnup_function rather than fission_rate,
#but keeping it this way to match the SM model
initial_grain_radius = 4.65e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_1
burnup_function = burnup
diameter = 8.21e-03
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
diametral_gap =150.e-06
burnup_relocation_stop = 1.e+20
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
relocation_activation1 = 19685.039
[]
[fission_gas]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
initial_porosity = 0.0468
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
pellet_id = pellet_id
pellet_brittle_zone = pbz
ath_model = true
rod_ave_lin_pow = linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.
specific_heat = 330.
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 300.0 #TODO: It is odd to have different values for fuel and clad, but keeping this way to match SM
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = clad
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
#TODO: The parameters below really should be provided, but they weren't specified in the SM model.
# They may have not been included because irradiation creep wasn't modeled. However, they are used in the thermal
# creep model as well.
# fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
# fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = ESCORE_IrradiationGrowthZr4
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_growth
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temp
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
#eff_strain_rate_plast =
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 50.0
variable = temp
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1.e-05
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
l_tol = 1.e-02 # <--- l_tol is ignored when EW is used.
#l_tol = 8.e-03
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 200
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-10
n_startup_steps = 1
#end_time = 124861061. # End of base irradiation
#end_time = 125690771. # Blowdown. End prescribing clad outer temperature.
#end_time = 125690842. # End of blowdown
end_time = 125691189.5
dtmax = 5.e+05
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
dt = 1.e+02
#growth_factor = 1.1
#optimal_iterations = 4
#iteration_window = 2
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times #linear_heat_rate
max_function_change = 2000.
force_step_every_function_point = true
time_t = '121509219. 124861061. 125680151. 125690151. 125690771. 125691027. 125691033.'
time_dt = '5.e+05 1.e+04 1.e+04 10. 5. 0.5 5. '
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[pbz]
type = PelletBrittleZone
block = pellet_type_1
pellet_id = pellet_id
temperature = temp
a_lower = 8.5e-03
a_upper = 448.5e-03
pellet_radius = 4.105e-03
number_pellets = 44
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[alhr_input]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = linear_heat_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxygen_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxygen_fgain_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfgain_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[creep_rate_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
block = clad
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[strain_clad_hoop_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
[]
[stress_clad_hoop_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_midplane]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 676 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_tclow]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 826 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_tchigh]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 511 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_plenum_mid]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 241 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_inner_midplane]
type = NodalVariableValue
nodeid = 679 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
boundary = '1 2 3'
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_clad_outer_ave]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet_type_1
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_central]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temp
nodeid = 1569 # !! Mesh dependent
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_outer_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
boundary = 10
value_type = max
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[strain_clad_hoop_outer_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = hoop_strain
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[stress_clad_hoop_outer_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = hoop_stress
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[contact_pressure_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 1300 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = contact_pressure
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[oxide_thickness_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = oxide_thickness
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_conductance_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 10
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_htc_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_htc_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_hflux_midplane]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 536 # !! Mesh dependent
variable = coolant_hflux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[coolant_hflux_average]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_hflux
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temp
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = pellet_type_1
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 10
[]
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_overstrain.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when the overstrain criterion
# is achieved (criterion = 3).
#
# The limiting true creep hoop strain is 33.6%
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
initial_condition = .334
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = FunctionAux
variable = hoop_creep_strain
function = '.334+t'
[]
# NOTE: a function corresponding to the strain is applied to test the failure
# model. In reality, one would couple the displacements and the calculated
# strain as shown, but has been commented out.
# [hoop_creep_strain]
# type = RankTwoScalarAux
# rank_two_tensor = creep_strain
# variable = hoop_creep_strain
# scalar_type = HoopStress
# execute_on = timestep_end
# []
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_creep_strain = hoop_creep_strain
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 0.003
dt = 0.001
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_creep_strain
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-29/puzry-29.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-29.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.3e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0720 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-29_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-28/puzry-28.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-28.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 6.475e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0425 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-28_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_10MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_10MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+07 1.e+07' # 100 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = cladding
matpro_youngs_modulus = false
matpro_poissons_ratio = false
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-06
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[min_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[top_disp_r_clad] # this is mid height
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 0 #coords (0.005375, 0.1625)
[]
[top_disp_r_clad_slice] # this is mid height matched to the 1.5d
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_x
nodeid = 3 #coords (0.005375, 0.1625)
[]
[top_disp_z_clad]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = disp_y
nodeid = 0 #coords (0.005375, 0.1625)
[]
[stress_xx] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_xx
elementid = 0
[]
[stress_yy] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_yy
elementid = 0
[]
[stress_zz] # stess in the top Element
type = ElementalVariableValue
variable = stress_zz
elementid = 0
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_10MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# where A_alpha = 19370, Q_alpha = 326601, n_alpha = 5.89,
# and A_partial = 0.24, Q_partial = 102366, and n_partial = 2.33
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.42105, Q_ab = 148237, n_ab = 3.0583
#
# creep_rate_loca = 6.14121e-5 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The Bison-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 6.14121e-5 1/s.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_196/Studsvik_196_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0248576
pellet_height = 0.2606424
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0145
pellet_outer_radius = 3.92e-3
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
clad_mesh_density = customize
pellet_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 5
ny_c = 50
nx_p = 11
ny_p = 60
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
# Define dependent variables and initial conditions
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0 # set initial temp to coolant inlet
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 10e-6
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 86400 47386400 47472800 47559200 47645600 94945600 95032000'
y = '0.0065371 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0065371'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[fuel]
block = pellet
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity]
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
released_gas_types = 'Kr Xe;
He'
released_fractions = '0.153 0.847;
1'
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 95032000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 95032000
refab_pressure = 8.2e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00914 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[uo2_pulverization]
type = UO2Pulverization
block = pellet
layered_average_contact_pressure = contact_pressure
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = all
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = pellet
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet
burnup_function = burnup
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
# effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_strain_rate
# failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueElementDamper
min_value = 290.0
max_value = 3000.0
variable = temperature
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
start_time = -10
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 95032000
dtmax = 1e6
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = pellet
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = pellet
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 0.1186 # rod height
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = pellet
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[he_prod]
type = IFBAHeProduction
b10_load = 9.27165354e-5
b10_enrich = 0.5
burnup = average_burnup
zrb2_thick = 10e-6
fuel_out_rad = 9.32e-3
ifba_len = 0.3
u235_enrich = 0.05
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = pellet
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
num_files = 2
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-04/puzry-04.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-04.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.2e+05' # Linear increase at 0.0062 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-04_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_rupture_temperature.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature rampes from 300 K to 1000 K in 10 s
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = 10 MPa
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when a rupture temperature is exceeded
# (criterion = 5, i.e., rupture temperature criterion).
#
# Failure occurs when the temperature exceeds the calculated rupture temperature
# and the simulation is terminated. This occurs at 128 s when the rupture
# temperature is 933.01 K and the prescribed temperature is 940 K.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 300.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[rupture_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 140'
y = '300 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '10.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
generate_output = 'stress_zz strain_zz'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fract_bphase]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[rupture_temperature]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = rupture_temperature
property = rupture_temperature
boundary = right
[]
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temperature
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-2
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.0
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right
failure_criterion = rupture_temperature
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_strain = strain_zz
heating_rate = 5.0
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 140.0
[TimeStepper]
type = ConstantDT
dt = 2
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = stress_zz
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalExtremeValue
variable = temperature
[]
[rupture_temperature]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = rupture_temperature
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = burst
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * sigma_eff^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero, from the loca model, A = 8736.8, Q = 320428.4, n = 5.89.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-9 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 2.240954e-05 1/s (at temperature = 900 K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 1.12081e-05 1/s
#
# The Bison-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 1.12081e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 1.12081e-05.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_04MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_04MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '4.e+06 4.e+06' # 40 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.0
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_04MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/operating_to_loca_creep_5.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# where A_alpha = 19370, Q_alpha = 329070.0, n_alpha = 5.89,
# and A_beta = 7.9, Q_beta = 1.41919e+05, and n_beta = 3.78
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 8.9345, Q_ab = 144870, n_ab = 3.813
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.003651 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = 0.003651 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_5_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_9_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.262416
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 200412461 200413048'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain
fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
strain_zz creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[rel]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 2.73291E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 19cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.00039
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION'
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 199159200
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 199159200
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.9e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 200412431
end_time = 200413048
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
# axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-3
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
# end_time = 199159200 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 200412431 # Begin Blowdown
end_time = 200413048 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '199159200 200312431 200411431 200412431 200412461 200413048'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
perf_graph = true
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-9 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 2.582083e-5 1/s (at temperature = 900K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 1.2913739E-05 1/s
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 1.2913739e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 1.2913739e-05.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the loca creep material model for Zirconium alloy in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 10 MPa applied to the top of the block. Effective stress is equal to 10 MPa
#
#
# - Creep rate from function output from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.399129. The beta phase takes about 300 seconds to stabilize at this value. With B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of
# the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding). At Time = 300, the pressure load goes from 0 to 10 MPa in one second.
# The test goes for another 69 seconds, accumulating creep strain during this time.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K and fraction of beta phase = 0.399129:
# A = 2.22E+13, Q = 210762, n = 2.58.
# To form the closed solution, the strain rate during is discretely calculated in .1s intervals as the load is applied and then
# calculated for the steady-state creep rate:
# strain rate (1MPa) = 1.27E-06
# strain rate (2MPa) = 7.58E-06
# strain rate (3MPa) = 2.16E-05
# strain rate (4MPa) = 4.53E-05
# strain rate (5MPa) = 8.06E-05
# strain rate (6MPa) = 1.29E-04
# strain rate (7MPa) = 1.92E-04
# strain rate (8MPa) = 2.71E-04
# strain rate (9MPa) = 3.67E-04
# strain rate (10MPa) = 4.82E-04
# This gives an effective steady-state creep strain rate = 4.82E-04
# Total creep strain = .1s * sum of strain rates (1 to 10MPa) + 69s * strain rate (10MPa) = 3.341568E-02
#
# The BISON-calculated effective creep strain = 3.341533e-02
#
# Some notes about this test:
# The reason that the fraction of beta phase is allowed to stabilize before the pressure load is applied is to make
# the closed form solution for creep strain easier. Another test that accounts for the effect of changing beta phase
# on the effective creep strain should be considered. Also, once the load is applied, the solution is sensitive to
# time step size. Small values of dt give results that compare better with the closed form solution.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 300 301'
y = '0 0 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 250 290 300 301 302 310'
y = '50 50 10 0.1 0.1 1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 10e6
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 370
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = loca_creep_uniaxial_beta2_out
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_12MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_12MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.2e+07 1.2e+07' # 120 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.0
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_12MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt7MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt7MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-21/puzry-21.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-21.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 4000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 5.14e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0168 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 4000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 4000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-21_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/2pt8MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_2pt8MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-25/puzry-25.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-25.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 8.75e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0173 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 6000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-25_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part3_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part2_gas_communication_checkpoint2_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
# initial_moles = initial_moles
# gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
#axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
#hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'gap_layer_pressure_max < 101325.01'
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
equilibrium_pressure = 7.5e5
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dt = .1
end_time = 172489651 # End
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_3'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_3'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
[exodus3]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_gas_part3_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint3]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_3]
type = CSV
#execute_on = 'FINAL'
#create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad3/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_3]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_3]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-01/puzry-01.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-01.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.4e+05' # Linear increase at 0.0064 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700.0
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.0
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-01_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-03/puzry-03.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-03.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.3e+05' # Linear increase at 0.0063 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-03_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part1_gas_communication_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
# initial_moles = initial_moles
# gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 172489043
end_time = 172489661
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
#axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
#hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 3.0 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
[exodus2]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_gas_part2_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint2]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
#execute_on = 'FINAL'
#create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad2/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/operating_to_loca_creep_3.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 950 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 25 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 950K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 950K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta phase is zero
# the creep rate.
#
# creep_rate_loca = 7.0574162E-06 1/s (at temperature = 950 K)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 7.0574162e-06 1/s, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 7.0574162e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 950
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.05 0.05'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '950 950'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_3_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_2.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 800 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 50 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.55E+23 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 5.50E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 2.92E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 800K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0.
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), a = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin -
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) * (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# For Temperature = 800K, temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K,
# the fraction of beta phase is zero.
#
# creep_rate_standard = 6.645125e-09 1/s (at temperature = 700K)
# creep_rate_loca = 4.996277E-05 1/s (at temperature = 900K)
#
# the linearly interpolated creeprate is then
# creep_rate = creep_rate_standard + (800. - 700.) / (900. - 700.) * (creep_rate_loca - creep_rate_standard)
# = 2.4984712E-05 1/s
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 2.4984712e-05, and the
# effective creep strain, after 1 second (end of this test) is also 2.4984711e-05.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 800
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '.1 .1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '800 800'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '0.1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
block = 1
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
block = 1
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 1
[]
[vonmises]
type = ADRankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Axial
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'NEWTON'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = effective_creep_strain
[]
[vonMises_stress]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = vonmises
[]
[temperature]
type = AverageNodalVariableValue
variable = temp
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_2_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Studsvik/analysis/rod_196/Studsvik_196_part2_1p5d_fr_ffrd.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.05
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
restart_file_base = 'Studsvik_196_part1_1p5d_fr_ffrd_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 10
clad_gap_width = 80e-6
plenum_height = 0.0393576
pellet_outer_radius = 3.92e-3
clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
fuel_height = 0.2606424
# nx_c = 2
# nx_p = 11
elem_type = EDGE3
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Define auxilary variables
[strain_yy_0]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxygen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
block = fuel
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '-200 0 86400 47386400 47472800 47559200 47645600 94945600 95032000'
y = '0.0065371 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0065371'
scale_factor = 15.5e6
[]
[clad_surface_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
axis = 1
data_file = clad_temperature.csv
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
block = fuel
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_eigenstrain fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
[]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
add_scalar_variables = true
strain = FINITE
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain clad_irradiation_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_xx hoop_stress creep_strain_zz strain_zz'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
temperature = temperature
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
layer_friction_user_object = 1DFriction_primary
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history # using the power function defined above
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors # using the axial power profile function defined above
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0 # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.05 0.95 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
# Define auxilliary kernels for each of the aux variables
[tangential_contact_pressure_aux]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
block = fuel
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[creep_strain_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = creep_rate
variable = creep_strain_rate
block = clad
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
penalty = 1e7
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
released_gas_types = 'Kr Xe;
He'
released_fractions = '0.153 0.847;
1'
quadrature = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
refab_gas_types = He
refab_fractions = 1
refab_time = 95032000
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '2'
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 3.44738e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = 'fission_gas_released he_prod'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 95032000
refab_pressure = 8.2e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.04e-05
cladding_failure_status = burst
equilibrium_pressure = equilibrium_pressure
additional_volumes = additional_volume
temperature_of_additional_volumes = addition_temperature
[]
[]
[clad_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = clad_surface_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[layered_average_hoop_strain]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_zz
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[1DContactStressOOP_fuel]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
block = fuel
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DContactStressOOP_cladding]
type = Layered1DContactInterfaceStress
direction = y
stress_name = stress
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
block = clad
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_secondary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = pellet_outer_radial_surface
num_layers = 10
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = true
tangential_pressure = tangential_contact_pressure_aux
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.02606424
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.01306
direction_max = 0.24761028
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[1DFriction_primary]
type = Layered1DFrictionalForce
force_postaux = true
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
direction = y
boundary = clad_inside_right
num_layers = 10
# If we do not provide the numbers below, it will look at the mesh, in all blocks to set the layer number. Then, it will
# be wrong because the cladding has more height and won't be able to identify layers in the fuel.
direction_min = 0.0165094
direction_max = 0.24761028
interface_oop_stress_provider_fuel = 1DContactStressOOP_fuel
interface_oop_stress_provider_cladding = 1DContactStressOOP_cladding
is_secondary_side = false
secondary_side_frictional_user_object = 1DFriction_secondary
friction_coefficient = 0.2
thickness = 0.02606424
penalty_factor = 1.0e13
scalar_var_name_base_fuel = scalar_strain_yy_fuel
scalar_num_variable_fuel = 10
scalar_var_name_base_cladding = scalar_strain_yy_clad
scalar_num_variable_cladding = 10
execute_on = 'LINEAR NONLINEAR'
[]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'max_axial_relocation_strain > 0.25'
[]
[]
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 580
inlet_pressure = 15.5e6 # Pa
inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00914 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_dispersal]
type = UO2Dispersal
block = fuel
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
layered_average_burnup = layered_average_burnup
layered_average_hoop_strain = layered_average_hoop_strain
dispersal_model = ONE_MM_TWO_PERCENT_STRAIN
[]
# Define material behavior models and input material property data
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2 (BISON kernel)
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
initial_grain_radius = 10.0e-6
oxygen_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_eigenstrain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = zirlo
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[cladding_outer]
type = NodalValueSampler
boundary = 5
variable = disp_x
sort_by = y
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy_0
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
# CHANGE
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.000050
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[volume_fuel_dispersed]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
block = fuel
mat_prop = dispersed
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[mass_fuel_dispersed]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = volume_fuel_dispersed
expression = '10431 * volume_fuel_dispersed'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 8e-3
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 95033429.6
dtmax = 20
dtmin = 1e-6
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 10
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
growth_factor = 2
cutback_factor = .5
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[clad_inner_vol]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
#outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fission_gas_produced] # fission gas produced (moles)
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrs
block = fuel
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[fission_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
execute_on = 'linear'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
[]
[rod_total_power]
type = ElementIntegralPower
variable = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_clad_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_axial_relocation_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = axial_relocation_strain
block = fuel
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[he_prod]
type = IFBAHeProduction
b10_load = 9.27165354e-5
b10_enrich = 0.5
burnup = average_burnup
zrb2_thick = 10e-6
fuel_out_rad = 9.32e-3
ifba_len = 0.3
u235_enrich = 0.05
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[volume_pulverized]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
[]
[max_fuel_temp_periphery]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
boundary = 10
[]
[additional_volume]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 8.5e-6
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[addition_temperature]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 300.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[equilibrium_pressure]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = 101325.0
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
temperature = temperature
layered = true
fuel_pellet_blocks = 'fuel'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
color = false
csv = true
[chkfile]
type = CSV
execute_on = FINAL
show = 'volume_pulverized'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/3pt8MPa/100C_sec/100C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_3pt8MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/5pt5MPa/100C_sec/100C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_5pt5MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_MT4_MT6A/analysis/MT4/MT4_1-2kW.i)
################################################################################
#
# Description: LOCA MT-4 Test with constant power level of 1.2 kW/m
#
#
# External files:
# axial peaking factor file MT4_axial_peaking.csv
#
################################################################################
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
reference_vector = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_mesh_density = customize
clad_thickness = 6.1e-4
pellet_mesh_density = customize
ny_p = 100
nx_c = 4
nx_p = 12
pellet_outer_radius = .00413
ny_cu = 3
ny_c = 100
clad_bot_gap_height = 2.54e-3
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 3.66
ny_cl = 3
clad_top_gap_height = 0.18613
clad_gap_width = 7.5e-5
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 20
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[DefaultElementQuality]
aspect_ratio_upper_bound = 253
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[temp_initial]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 7.8e-6 # 2D grain radius
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 110'
y = '1.2e3 1.2e3'
[]
[hmode_function]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 57 110'
y = '9 10 10'
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = MT4_axial_peaking.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for coolant and fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 110'
y = '0.28 0.28'
scale_factor = 1e6
[]
[temp_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '-24.096*y*y+152.47*y+437.81'
[]
[q]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'power_history axial_peaking_factors' # W/m
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_volumetric_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz elastic_strain_yy strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_xy creep_strain_zz
elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz strain_xx strain_yy
strain_zz hoop_stress' #plastic_strain_xx plastic_strain_yy plastic_strain_zz
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 0.16e15 #n/m2-s
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[burst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
# TODO: Have StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs create this when the feature in issue #1054 is
# developed.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 81
num_axial = 11
a_lower = 0.00478
a_upper = 3.66478
fuel_inner_radius = 0.0
fuel_outer_radius = 0.00413 # m
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.0293 .9707 0 0 0 0'
RPF = RPF
density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
normalize_penalty = true
model = frictionless
# model = coulomb
formulation = penalty
# friction_coefficient = 1.0
tangential_tolerance = 1e-3
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
jump_distance_model = LANNING
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
roughness_primary = 2e-6
roughness_secondary = 1e-6
roughness_coef = 3.2
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
quadrature = true
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 1.0 # Pa
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9 # clad interior + fuel exterior
initial_pressure = 9.3e6 # Pa
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
inlet_temperature = 311 # K
inlet_pressure = 0.28e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = massfluxfunc # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00963 # m
rod_pitch = 1.275e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
heat_transfer_mode = hmode_function
heat_transfer_coefficient = 0.0000001 #W/m^2-K
# heat_transfer_mode = 10
htc_correlation_type = 1
flooding_time = 57.0
flooding_rate = 0.127 # m/s
initial_temperature = 1140 # K
initial_power = 1.776 # kW/m
blockage_ratio = 0.0 #
fuel_stack_length = 3.66 # m
reflooding_model = 1
compute_enthalpy = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate # coupling to fission_rate aux variable
# initial_grain_radius = 6.552e-6 # 2D grain radius 4.2e-6
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
burnup = burnup
# compute_swelling = true
transient_option = MICROCRACKING
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.0
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temp
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700.0
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.0
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-4
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
thermal_expansion_coeff = 5.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
outputs = all
output_properties = 'failed burst_stress'
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
variable = temp
max_increment = 50
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
# controls for linear iterations
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 8e-3
# controls for nonlinear iterations
nl_max_its = 50
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
# time control
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 58.2
dtmax = 5
dtmin = 0.00001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.01
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior] # average temperature of the cladding interior and all pellet exteriors
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp] # average temperature of cladding interior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 7
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrs
block = pellet
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = pellet
variable = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_ave_lin_pow]
type = ElementIntegralPower
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
variable = temp
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 3.66 # rod height
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 40
[]
[]
[Debug]
show_var_residual = 'disp_x disp_y temp'
show_var_residual_norms = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_overstress_overstrain.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting (burst) stress or a limiting
# hoop strain is exceeded (criterion = 4, i.e., combined overstress and overstrain criterion).
#
# At 1000 K, with Zry in 100% alpha phase and no oxidation considered, the burst stress is
# sigma_burst = 830*exp(-0.001*1000) = 305.34 MPa
# which is calculated correctly by the program.
#
# The limiting true creep hoop strain is 33.6%
#
# For this case, failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting strain.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
initial_condition = .334
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = FunctionAux
variable = hoop_creep_strain
function = '.334+t'
[]
# NOTE: a function corresponding to the strain is applied to test the failure
# model. In reality, one would couple the displacements and the calculated
# strain as shown, but has been commented out.
# [hoop_creep_strain]
# type = RankTwoScalarAux
# rank_two_tensor = creep_strain
# variable = hoop_creep_strain
# scalar_type = HoopStress
# execute_on = timestep_end
# []
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = right #3
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = hoop_creep_strain
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 0.003
dt = 0.001
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[hoop_creep_strain]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = hoop_creep_strain
[]
[betaph_fract]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[burst_stress]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_plastic_instability.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting creep rate is exceeded
# (criterion = 1, i.e., plastic instability criterion).
#
#
# Failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting creep rate, which is
# lim_creep_rate = 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 8.9
dt = 0.1
[]
[Postprocessors]
[creep_rate]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = creep_rate
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/0pt3MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_0pt3MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-30/puzry-30.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-30.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1300. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.99e+06' # Linear increase at 0.2630 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1300. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1300.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-30_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_MT4_MT6A/analysis/MT6A/MT6A_1-1kW.i)
################################################################################
#
# Description: LOCA MT-6A Test with constant power level of 1.1 kW/m
#
#
# External files:
# axial peaking factor file MT6A_axial_peaking.csv
#
################################################################################
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
reference_vector = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_mesh_density = customize
clad_thickness = 6.1e-4
pellet_mesh_density = customize
ny_p = 100
nx_c = 4
nx_p = 12
pellet_outer_radius = .00413
ny_cu = 3
ny_c = 100
clad_bot_gap_height = 2.54e-3
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 3.66
ny_cl = 3
clad_top_gap_height = 0.18613
clad_gap_width = 7.5e-5
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 20
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[DefaultElementQuality]
aspect_ratio_upper_bound = 253
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[temp_initial]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 7.8e-6 # 2D grain radius
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150'
y = '1.1e3 1.1e3'
[]
[hmode_function]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 60 150'
y = '9 10 10'
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = MT6A_axial_peaking.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for coolant and fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150'
y = '1.72 1.72'
scale_factor = 1e6
[]
[temp_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '-24.096*y*y+152.47*y+437.81'
[]
[q]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'power_history axial_peaking_factors' # W/m
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_volumetric_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz elastic_strain_yy strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_xy creep_strain_zz
elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz strain_xx strain_yy
strain_zz hoop_stress' #plastic_strain_xx plastic_strain_yy plastic_strain_zz
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 0.16e15 #n/m2-s
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[burst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
# TODO: Have StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs create this when the feature in issue #1054 is
# developed.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 81
num_axial = 11
a_lower = 0.00478
a_upper = 3.66478
fuel_inner_radius = 0.0
fuel_outer_radius = 0.00413 # m
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.0293 .9707 0 0 0 0' #TODO: Looks like it's set for 2.93%!
RPF = RPF
density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e11
normalize_penalty = true
model = frictionless
# model = coulomb
formulation = penalty
# friction_coefficient = 1.0
tangential_tolerance = 1e-3
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
jump_distance_model = LANNING
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
roughness_primary = 2e-6
roughness_secondary = 1e-6
roughness_coef = 3.2
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
quadrature = true
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 1.0 # Pa
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9 # clad interior + fuel exterior
initial_pressure = 9.15e6 # Pa
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
inlet_temperature = 310 # K
inlet_pressure = 1.72e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = massfluxfunc # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00963 # m
rod_pitch = 1.275e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
heat_transfer_mode = hmode_function
heat_transfer_coefficient = 0.0000001 #W/m^2-K
# heat_transfer_mode = htc_function
htc_correlation_type = 1
flooding_time = 60.0
flooding_rate = 0.059182 # m/s
initial_temperature = 1175 # K
initial_power = 1.628 # kW/m
blockage_ratio = 0.0 #
fuel_stack_length = 3.66 # m
reflooding_model = 1
compute_enthalpy = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate # coupling to fission_rate aux variable
# initial_grain_radius = 6.552e-6 # 2D grain radius 4.2e-6
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
burnup = burnup
# compute_swelling = true
transient_option = MICROCRACKING
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.0
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temp
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700.0
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.0
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-4
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
thermal_expansion_coeff = 5.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
outputs = all
output_properties = 'failed burst_stress'
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
variable = temp
max_increment = 50
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
# controls for linear iterations
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 8e-3
# controls for nonlinear iterations
nl_max_its = 50
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
# time control
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 76.48
dtmax = 5
dtmin = 0.00001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.01
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior] # average temperature of the cladding interior and all pellet exteriors
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp] # average temperature of cladding interior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 7
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrs
block = pellet
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = pellet
variable = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_ave_lin_pow]
type = ElementIntegralPower
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
variable = temp
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 3.66 # rod height
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 40
[]
[]
[Debug]
show_var_residual = 'disp_x disp_y temp'
show_var_residual_norms = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/zry_clad_failure_rupture_temperature.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature rampes from 300 K to 1000 K in 10 s
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = 10 MPa
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when a rupture temperature is exceeded
# (criterion = 5, i.e., rupture temperature criterion).
#
# Failure occurs when the temperature exceeds the calculated rupture temperature
# and the simulation is terminated. This occurs at 128 s when the rupture
# temperature is 933.01 K and the prescribed temperature is 940 K.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 300.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[rupture_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 140'
y = '300 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '10.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
generate_output = 'stress_zz strain_zz'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = 0
[]
[rupture_temperature]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = rupture_temperature
property = rupture_temperature
boundary = right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = Pressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temperature
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-2
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.0
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right
failure_criterion = rupture_temperature
hoop_stress = stress_zz
hoop_strain = strain_zz
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 140.0
[TimeStepper]
type = ConstantDT
dt = 2
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = stress_zz
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalExtremeValue
variable = temperature
[]
[rupture_temperature]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = rupture_temperature
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = burst
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/2pt1MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_2pt1MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-18/puzry-18.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-18.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 5.855e+06' # Linear increase at 0.1151 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-18_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-17/puzry-17.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-17.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 5.91e+06' # Linear increase at 0.1162 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1500. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.0
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1500.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-17_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/operating_to_loca_creep_1.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 650 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 500 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 650K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# - Creep rate from the Matsuo thermal steady-state model
# Y. Matsuo. Thermal creep of zircaloy-4 cladding under internal pressure. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 24(2):111-119, February 1987.
#
# Standard temperature creep rate = A * (E/T) * [sinh(ai * effective_stress/E)]^n * exp(-Q/R*T)
#
# where, A = 3e5 (K/MPa/sec), T(K), Q = 201,000 (J/mol), A = 650 (dimensionless), R = 8.314 (J/mol/K), n = 2, ai = 1 (for no fluence),
# E = 1.148e5 - 59.9*T.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# When the parameter _model_thermal_creep is true, the creep rate that is returned depends on the temperature.
# calculated by the Matsuo model. If the temperature is below the parameter temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end (default 700K),
# then the creep rate is directly. If the temperatue is between the parameters temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end and
# temperature_loca_creep_begin (default 900K), then the creep rate is linearly interpolated using the current temperature
# and the creep rates from the loca model at temperature_loca_creep_begin and the the creep rate from the Matsuo model at
# temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end.
#
# creeprate = creep_therm_rate + (_temperature[qp] - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end)/(temperature_loca_creep_begin - temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end) *
# (creep_loca_rate - creep_therm_rate)
#
# If the temperature is above the parameter temperature_loca_creep_begin, the creep rate is directly calculated by the loca creep model.
#
# For Temperature = 650K and temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700K, the Matsuo creep model returns creeprate = 3.23484e-6
# A = 22.53, Q = 1.66e5, n = 4.063.
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 3.2348e-06.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 650.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[vonmises]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '650 650'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1 1'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[vonmises]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = vonmises
scalar_type = VonMisesStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5.0e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 10
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_1_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-24/puzry-24.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-24.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 9.05e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0179 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 6000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-24_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/erbacher/operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepUpdate..
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 1.94e4 320,000 5.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 7.9 142,000 3.78
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# where A_alpha = 19370, Q_alpha = 326601, n_alpha = 5.89,
# and A_partial = 0.24, Q_partial = 102366, and n_partial = 2.33
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 2.42105, Q_ab = 148237, n_ab = 3.0583
#
# creep_rate_loca = 6.14121e-5 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 6.14121e-5 1/s.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = erbacher
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_MT4_MT6A/analysis/MT6A/MT6A_1-2kW.i)
################################################################################
#
# Description: LOCA MT-6A Test with constant power level of 1.2 kW/m
#
#
# External files:
# axial peaking factor file MT6A_axial_peaking.csv
#
################################################################################
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
reference_vector = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_mesh_density = customize
clad_thickness = 6.1e-4
pellet_mesh_density = customize
ny_p = 100
nx_c = 4
nx_p = 12
pellet_outer_radius = .00413
ny_cu = 3
ny_c = 100
clad_bot_gap_height = 2.54e-3
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 3.66
ny_cl = 3
clad_top_gap_height = 0.18613
clad_gap_width = 7.5e-5
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 20
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[DefaultElementQuality]
aspect_ratio_upper_bound = 253
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[temp_initial]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 7.8e-6 # 2D grain radius
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150'
y = '1.2e3 1.2e3'
[]
[hmode_function]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 60 150'
y = '9 10 10'
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = MT6A_axial_peaking.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for coolant and fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 150'
y = '1.72 1.72'
scale_factor = 1e6
[]
[temp_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '-24.096*y*y+152.47*y+437.81'
[]
[q]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'power_history axial_peaking_factors' # W/m
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_volumetric_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz elastic_strain_yy strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_xy creep_strain_zz
elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz strain_xx strain_yy
strain_zz hoop_stress' #plastic_strain_xx plastic_strain_yy plastic_strain_zz
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 0.16e15 #n/m2-s
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[burst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
# TODO: Have StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs create this when the feature in issue #1054 is
# developed.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 81
num_axial = 11
a_lower = 0.00478
a_upper = 3.66478
fuel_inner_radius = 0.0
fuel_outer_radius = 0.00413 # m
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.0293 .9707 0 0 0 0' #TODO: Looks like it's set for 2.93%!
RPF = RPF
density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e11
normalize_penalty = true
model = frictionless
# model = coulomb
formulation = penalty
# friction_coefficient = 1.0
tangential_tolerance = 1e-3
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
jump_distance_model = LANNING
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
roughness_primary = 2e-6
roughness_secondary = 1e-6
roughness_coef = 3.2
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
quadrature = true
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 1.0 # Pa
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9 # clad interior + fuel exterior
initial_pressure = 9.15e6 # Pa
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
inlet_temperature = 310 # K
inlet_pressure = 1.72e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = massfluxfunc # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00963 # m
rod_pitch = 1.275e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
heat_transfer_mode = hmode_function
heat_transfer_coefficient = 0.0000001 #W/m^2-K
# heat_transfer_mode = htc_function
htc_correlation_type = 1
flooding_time = 60.0
flooding_rate = 0.059182 # m/s
initial_temperature = 1175 # K
initial_power = 1.776 # kW/m
blockage_ratio = 0.0 #
fuel_stack_length = 3.66 # m
reflooding_model = 1
compute_enthalpy = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate # coupling to fission_rate aux variable
# initial_grain_radius = 6.552e-6 # 2D grain radius 4.2e-6
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
burnup = burnup
# compute_swelling = true
transient_option = MICROCRACKING
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.0
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temp
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700.0
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.0
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-4
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
thermal_expansion_coeff = 5.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
outputs = all
output_properties = 'failed burst_stress'
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
variable = temp
max_increment = 50
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
# controls for linear iterations
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 8e-3
# controls for nonlinear iterations
nl_max_its = 50
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
# time control
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 63.02
dtmax = 5
dtmin = 0.00001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.01
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior] # average temperature of the cladding interior and all pellet exteriors
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp] # average temperature of cladding interior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 7
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrs
block = pellet
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = pellet
variable = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_ave_lin_pow]
type = ElementIntegralPower
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
variable = temp
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 3.66 # rod height
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 40
[]
[]
[Debug]
show_var_residual = 'disp_x disp_y temp'
show_var_residual_norms = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/kaddour/operating_to_loca_creep_4.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
#
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1150 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) (<15MPa, beta = 0.0) 900-1085 1.00e6 190,000 1.30
# a(alpha) (>15MPa) 900-1085 1.63e8 316,000 5.00
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.00e4 150,000 4.25
#
# In this test, temperature = 1150K and stays constant. The creep coefficients A, Q, and n values correspond to the beta phase =
# 0. B(x) = 0 for now (a third degree polynomial of the oxygen weight concentration of the cladding).
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1150K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.3977166, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# creep_rate_loca = 2.5572553E-05 1/s (at temperature = 1150 K, beta fraction 0.3977166)
#
# The BISON-calculated solid mechanics effective creep strain rate = 2.5572548e-05 1/s.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1150
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 199 200'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1150 1150'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 198 199 200'
y = '50 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = kaddour
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 200
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
min_dt = 0.1
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_4_exodus
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-13/puzry-13.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-13.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 5000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.266e+07' # Linear increase at 0.0314 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 5000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 5000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-13_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-19/puzry-19.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-19.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 2.53e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0243 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 2000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-19_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_MT4_MT6A/analysis/MT4/MT4_1-1kW.i)
################################################################################
#
# Description: LOCA MT-4 Test with constant power level of 1.1 kW/m
#
#
# External files:
# axial peaking factor file MT4_axial_peaking.csv
#
################################################################################
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
reference_vector = 'ref'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[smeared_pellet_mesh]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
clad_mesh_density = customize
clad_thickness = 6.1e-4
pellet_mesh_density = customize
ny_p = 100
nx_c = 4
nx_p = 12
pellet_outer_radius = .00413
ny_cu = 3
ny_c = 100
clad_bot_gap_height = 2.54e-3
pellet_quantity = 1
pellet_height = 3.66
ny_cl = 3
clad_top_gap_height = 0.18613
clad_gap_width = 7.5e-5
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
patch_size = 20
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[DefaultElementQuality]
aspect_ratio_upper_bound = 253
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[temp_initial]
[InitialCondition]
type = FunctionIC
function = temp_func
[]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = pellet
initial_condition = 7.8e-6 # 2D grain radius
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_temp]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[hmode]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[htype]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 110'
y = '1.1e3 1.1e3'
[]
[hmode_function]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '0 57 110'
y = '9 10 10'
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = MT4_axial_peaking.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp] # reads and interpolates input data defining amplitude curve for coolant and fill gas pressure
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 110'
y = '0.28 0.28'
scale_factor = 1e6
[]
[temp_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '-24.096*y*y+152.47*y+437.81'
[]
[q]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'power_history axial_peaking_factors' # W/m
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[pellets]
block = pellet
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_volumetric_strain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress hydrostatic_stress stress_xx stress_yy
stress_zz elastic_strain_yy strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_xy creep_strain_zz
elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz strain_xx strain_yy
strain_zz hoop_stress' #plastic_strain_xx plastic_strain_yy plastic_strain_zz
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 0.16e15 #n/m2-s
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
boundary = 10
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
[]
[coolant_temp]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_temperature
variable = coolant_temp
boundary = 2
[]
[hmode]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_hmode
variable = hmode
boundary = 2
[]
[htype]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htype
variable = htype
boundary = 2
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[burst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
# TODO: Have StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs create this when the feature in issue #1054 is
# developed.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 81
num_axial = 11
a_lower = 0.00478
a_upper = 3.66478
fuel_inner_radius = 0.0
fuel_outer_radius = 0.00413 # m
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.0293 .9707 0 0 0 0'
RPF = RPF
density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
normalize_penalty = true
model = frictionless
# model = coulomb
formulation = penalty
# friction_coefficient = 1.0
tangential_tolerance = 1e-3
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
jump_distance_model = LANNING
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
roughness_primary = 2e-6
roughness_secondary = 1e-6
roughness_coef = 3.2
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
quadrature = true
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1'
value = 0.0
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
factor = 1.0 # Pa
function = pressure_ramp
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9 # clad interior + fuel exterior
initial_pressure = 9.3e6 # Pa
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
inlet_temperature = 311 # K
inlet_pressure = 0.28e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = massfluxfunc # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.00963 # m
rod_pitch = 1.275e-2 # m
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
heat_transfer_mode = hmode_function
heat_transfer_coefficient = 0.0000001 #W/m^2-K
# heat_transfer_mode = 10
htc_correlation_type = 1
flooding_time = 57.0
flooding_rate = 0.127 # m/s
initial_temperature = 1140 # K
initial_power = 1.628 # kW/m
blockage_ratio = 0.0 #
fuel_stack_length = 3.66 # m
reflooding_model = 1
compute_enthalpy = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal] # temperature and burnup dependent thermal properties of UO2
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet
thermal_conductivity_model = NFIR
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = pellet
youngs_modulus = 2.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.345
[]
[fuel_elastic_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_volumetric_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet
temperature = temp
burnup = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate # coupling to fission_rate aux variable
# initial_grain_radius = 6.552e-6 # 2D grain radius 4.2e-6
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
burnup = burnup
# compute_swelling = true
transient_option = MICROCRACKING
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet
strain_free_density = 10431 #95 %TD Assume TD = 10980 kg/cm3
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.0
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
temperature = temp
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700.0
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.0
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-4
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
thermal_expansion_coeff = 5.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = temp_initial
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
outputs = all
output_properties = 'failed burst_stress'
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
variable = temp
max_increment = 50
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
verbose = true
# controls for linear iterations
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 8e-3
# controls for nonlinear iterations
nl_max_its = 50
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
# time control
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 110
dtmax = 5
dtmin = 0.00001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 0.01
[]
[Quadrature]
order = FIFTH
side_order = SEVENTH
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior] # average temperature of the cladding interior and all pellet exteriors
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 9
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp] # average temperature of cladding interior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 7
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrs
block = pellet
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = ElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrs
block = pellet
outputs = exodus
execute_on = linear
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = pellet
variable = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_ave_lin_pow]
type = ElementIntegralPower
block = pellet
fission_rate = fission_rate
variable = temp
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[rod_input_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = power_history
scale_factor = 3.66 # rod height
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = 3
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 40
[]
[]
[Debug]
show_var_residual = 'disp_x disp_y temp'
show_var_residual_norms = true
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_creep/donaldson/ad_operating_to_loca_creep_hoop.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the transition from the standard, or normal operation creep to loca creep in ZryCreepLOCAUpdate.
# There are a series of 5 tests, with different effective stress, temperature, and fraction of beta phase.
# This tests the Donaldson formulation of the High temperature creep model.
# - Geometry:
# 1x1x1 cube, single element
#
# - Temperature = 1250 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# Symetric boundary conditions for uniform expansion or contraction (in xy-plane disp_z = 0, xz-plane disp_y = 0, yz-plane disp_x = 0)
#
# - Stresses
# 5 MPa applied to the top of the block. This is the effective stress.
#
#
# - Loca creep rate from the Norton power equation:
#
# Cs. Gyori, Z. Hozer, K. Lassmann, A. Schubert, J. van de Laar, M. Cvan, B. Hatala,
# Conserted Actions (FISA-2003), Proceedings - EUR 21026, Luxembourg, 10-13 November 2003, p. 584
# and
#
# V. J. Betten, Creep Mechanics, Springer, 2002. p. 327.
#
# Loca Thermal Creep rate = A * G / T * exp(-Q/R*T + B(x)) * (sigma_effective / G)^n
#
# where A, Q, and n depend on the fraction of beta phase, phi, which is supplied by the material model ZrPhase.C
# G is the shear modulus
#
# ln(A_ab) = (1-phi)*ln(A_a) + phi*ln(A_b)
# Q_ab = (1-phi)*Q_a + phi*Q_b
# n_ab = (1-phi)*n_a + phi*n_b
#
# Phase Temp(K) A(MPa^-n s^-1) Q(J/mol) n
# a(alpha) 900-1085 4.43E+22 266800 5
# a(alpha) + b(beta) 3.63E+10 196600 1.89
# b(beta) 1248-1873 1.49E+13 93000 3.68
#
# In this test, temperature = 1250K and stays constant.
#
# Because the temperature in this test remains above the lower bound for the loca creep regime,
# the standard Matsuo thermal creep model is not used in this test.
#
# - Closed form solution results:
# For Temperature = 1250K, and temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900K, where the fraction of beta
# phase is 0.9842320, the creep rate, from the loca model is,
#
# such that the weighted paramaters, using the expressions given as a function of phi above, are
# A_ab = 1.23E+13, Q_ab = 96267, n_ab = 3.62
#
# creep_rate_loca = 0.0047411682 1/s (at temperature = 1250 K, beta fraction 0.9842320)
#
# The BISON-calculated creep strain rate = .0047411680 1/s.
#
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = cube.e
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
initial_condition = 1250
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[ratep_zrphase] # rate parameter
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_bp_equilibrium] # equilibrium beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # actual beta/alpha phase fraction
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 99 100'
y = '0 0 0.01'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1250 1250'
[]
[time_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 98 99 100'
y = '10 10 0.01 0.01'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic/clad]
strain = FINITE
add_variables = true
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz vonmises_stress'
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[rateparam]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = ratep_zrphase
property = ratep_zrphase
[]
[fractbp_eq]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_bp_equilibrium
property = fract_bp_equilibrium
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 5
factor = 5e8
function = pressure_function
use_automatic_differentiation = true
[]
[]
[u_x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 1
value = 0.0
[]
[u_y_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 2
value = 0.0
[]
[u_z_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_z
boundary = 3
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 4
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
# Model for Zircaloy phase transition
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[converter]
type = MaterialADConverter
reg_props_in = 'fract_beta_phase'
ad_props_out = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
high_temperature_creep_model = donaldson
donaldson_creep_direction = Hoop
temperature = temp
model_primary_creep = false
model_irradiation_creep = false
fract_beta_phase_name = 'ad_fract_beta_phase'
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
automatic_scaling = true
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 100
dtmin = 0.1
timestep_tolerance = 2e-13
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = time_function
[]
[]
[Outputs]
file_base = operating_to_loca_creep_hoop_exodus
csv = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_Hardy_cladding_test/analysis/5pt5MPa/25C_sec/25C_sec_Hardy_Tube_Test_5pt5MPa.i)
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
volumetric_locking_correction = false
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10
patch_update_strategy = iteration
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[gen]
type = FuelPinMeshGenerator
include_fuel = false
include_clad = true
pellet_outer_radius = 0.0072527
clad_gap_width = 0.0
clad_top_gap_height = 0.0
clad_bot_gap_height = 0.0
clad_thickness = 0.38e-3
pellet_height = 0.5
pellet_quantity = 1
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_c = 2
ny_c = 50
elem_type = QUAD8
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 600.0
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 40'
y = '1 1'
[]
[temp_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
y = '600 1600'
[]
[temperature_profile]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
y = '0 40'
x = '0 0.25224 0.50448'
z = '0.995 1.01 0.995 0.995 1.01 0.995'
axis = 1
[]
[inner_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'temp_function temperature_profile'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = clad
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy elastic_strain_zz
creep_strain_xx creep_strain_yy creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[total_hoop_strain]
type = RankTwoAux
rank_two_tensor = total_strain
variable = total_hoop_strain
index_i = 2
index_j = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
block = clad
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = clad_outside_right
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = clad_outside_right
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[Pressure]
[outer_surface]
boundary = 'clad_outside_bottom clad_outside_right clad_outside_top'
factor = 0.0
function = pressure_function
[]
[inner_surface]
boundary = 'clad_inside_right clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_top'
function = pressure_function
[]
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1001
value = 0.0
[]
[x_fix]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = centerline
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
function = inner_temperature
variable = temperature
boundary = 'clad_inside_bottom clad_inside_right clad_inside_top'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
zry_thermal_properties_model = MATPRO
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
matpro_youngs_modulus = true
matpro_poissons_ratio = true
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = clad
tangent_operator = nonlinear
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 840 # values from the report
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 975
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 600.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = clad_outside_right
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.0e-5
nl_abs_tol = 1.0e-8
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 40
dtmax = 1
dtmin = 0.0000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_temp]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = clad_outside_right
variable = temperature
[]
[gas_volume]
type = InternalVolume
boundary = all_clad_interior
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = clad
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_hoop_strain
[]
[max_disp_x]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = disp_x
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
color = false
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
show = 'max_disp_x max_hoop_stress vonmises_stress_clad'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator1]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_2/IFA_650_2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10412
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density} # 0.95TD UO2, TD=10960
temperature = temp
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 # J/fission
volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
patch_size = 10 # For contact algorithm
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = mesh_ife6502_medium2.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temp]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fast_neutron_flux]
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
[]
[grain_radius]
initial_condition = 5.e-06 # !! assumption
[]
[max_fission_rate]
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness] # ZrO2 scale thickness (m)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total] # Current oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total] # Gained oxigen weight fraction (oxide+metal) (/)
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[bbl_bdr_2]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[rad_bbl_bdr]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[sat_coverage]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[GBCoverage]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[deltav_v0_bd]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[average_linear_heat_rate]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = linear_heat_rate_av.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_power_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors_lhr.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[average_clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = temperature_clad_outer_av.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[axial_temperature_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors_ctemp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = CompositeFunction
functions = 'average_clad_outer_temperature axial_temperature_peaking_factors'
[]
[coolant_pressure]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = pressure_rig.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[uo2nat]
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'uo2nat_thermal_strain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[fuel]
block = pellet_type_2
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
[]
[clad]
block = clad
strain = FINITE
incremental = true
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_growth'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz hoop_stress
hoop_strain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[gravity] # body force term in stress equilibrium equation
type = Gravity
variable = disp_y
value = -9.81
[]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temp
#extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
#extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temp
#extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
block = pellet_type_2
fission_rate = fission_rate
decay_heat_function = decay_heat_function # Couple to postprocessor which defines the decay heat function
max_fission_rate = max_fission_rate # Couple to auxvariable which defines maximum fission rate over irradiation
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = pellet_type_2
rod_ave_lin_pow = average_linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
a_lower = 28.5e-03 # mesh dependent
a_upper = 528.5e-03 # mesh dependent
fuel_inner_radius = 0.
fuel_outer_radius = 4.145e-03
fuel_volume_ratio = 1. # for use with dished pellets (ratio of actual volume to cylinder volume)
RPF = RPF
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
variable = fast_neutron_flux
block = clad
rod_ave_lin_pow = average_linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
factor = 3.e+13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
block = clad
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temp
execute_on = linear
[]
[max_fission_rate]
type = MaxFissionRateAux
variable = max_fission_rate
block = pellet_type_2
fission_rate = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
block = clad
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_cond
[]
[nbbl2]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = bbl_bdr_2
property = bubble_GB_surface_density
[]
[radbbl]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = rad_bbl_bdr
property = bubble_radius_GB
[]
[stcvrg]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = sat_coverage
property = sat_coverage
[]
[frcvrg]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = GBCoverage
property = GBCoverage
[]
[dvv0bd]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = pellet_type_2
variable = deltav_v0_bd
property = deltav_v0_bubble_GB
[]
[]
[Contact]
# Define mechanical contact between the fuel (sideset=10) and the clad (sideset=5)
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1.e+07
[]
[]
#TODO: Add option in StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs to compute plenum temperature this way.
# We are using 'plenum_temp' rather than 'plenum_temperature', which is generated
# automatically by StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs, but computed in a different way.
[PlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
# Define thermal contact between the fuel (sideset=10) and the clad (sideset=5)
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temp
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fission_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
quadrature = true
normal_smoothing_distance = 0.1
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all] # pin pellets and clad along axis of symmetry (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_clad_bottom] # pin clad bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 1
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_fuel_bottom] # pin fuel bottom in the axial direction (y)
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = '1020'
value = 0.
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '1 2 3'
variable = temp
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[Pressure] # apply coolant pressure on clad outer walls
[coolantPressure]
boundary = '1 2 3'
function = coolant_pressure # use the pressure_ramp function defined above
[]
[]
[PlenumPressure] # apply plenum pressure on clad inner walls and pellet surfaces
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 4.e+06
startup_time = -200
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = plenum_volume
material_input = fission_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = pellet_type_2
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = pellet_type_2
thermal_conductivity_model = FINK_LUCUTA
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[fuel_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_2
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2ElasticityTensor
block = pellet_type_2
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = pellet_type_2
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = pellet_type_2
temperature = temp
burnup_function = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.0468
initial_fuel_density = 10447.
eigenstrain_name = fuel_volumetric_swelling_eigenstrain
[]
[fuel_relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = pellet_type_2
burnup_function = burnup
diameter = 0.00829
rod_ave_lin_pow = average_linear_heat_rate
axial_power_profile = axial_power_peaking_factors
diametral_gap =70.e-06
burnup_relocation_stop = 1.e+20
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_eigenstrain
relocation_activation1 = 19685.039
[]
[fission_gas]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = pellet_type_2
temperature = temp
fission_rate = fission_rate
grain_radius = grain_radius
gbs_model = true
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6550.
[]
[clad_thermal]
block = clad
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temp
[]
[clad_thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 300.0 #TODO: It is odd to have different values for fuel and clad, but keeping this way to match SM
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = clad
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = clad
temperature = temp
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 3.e-03
#TODO: The parameters below really should be provided, but they weren't specified in the SM model.
# They may have not been included because irradiation creep wasn't modeled. However, they are used in the thermal
# creep model as well.
# fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
# fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = clad
[]
[clad_irradiation_growth]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = ESCORE_IrradiationGrowthZr4
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_growth
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temp
clad_inner_radius = 4.18e-03
clad_outer_radius = 4.75e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
#use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
#eff_strain_rate_plast =
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfract_total
temperature = temp
[]
[uo2nat_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
thermal_conductivity = 3. # !! assumption
specific_heat = 300. # !! assumption
[]
[uo2nat_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[uo2nat_thermal_expansion]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
temperature = temp
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = uo2nat_thermal_strain
[]
[uo2nat_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2ElasticityTensor
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
[]
[uo2nat_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = 'pellet_type_1 pellet_type_3'
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 100.
variable = temp
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1.e-05
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1.e-02
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-10
start_time = -200
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 229440
dtmax = 2700. #1000.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200.
#optimal_iterations = 4
#iteration_window = 2
#linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = average_clad_outer_temperature
max_function_change = 10
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = material_timestep
time_t = '-200. 0. 3.5e+04 216000. 218700. 219180. 219240. 219799. 219819. 219821. 219999.'
time_dt = ' 200. 900. 2700. 2700. 60. 60. 20. 20.
10. 10. 2.'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '5'
include_fuel = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[decay_heat_function]
type = DecayHeatFunction
time_at_shutdown = 100000001.
[]
[clad_inner_vol] # volume inside of cladding
type = InternalVolume
boundary = 7
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp] # average temperature of cladding interior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 7
variable = temp
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temp
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_fuel_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temp
block = pellet_type_2
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[central_fuel_temp]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temp
nodeid = 54 # Global node ID = 55 !! Mesh dependent
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[flux_from_clad] # area integrated heat flux from the cladding
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 5
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[flux_from_fuel] # area integrated heat flux from the fuel
type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
variable = temp
boundary = 10
diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[alhr_input]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = average_linear_heat_rate
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_oxygen_fgain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfgain_total
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_strain
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
fuel_pellet_blocks = pellet_type_2
temperature = temp
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
print_linear_residuals = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[out_vector_pp]
execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'timestep_end'
type = CSV
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-22/puzry-22.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-22.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 7.5e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0148 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 6000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 6000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-22_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-12/puzry-12.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-12.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 1.546e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0723 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1200. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 1200.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-12_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/zry_mechanics/zry_clad_failure/ad_zry_clad_failure_plastic_instability.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This test case is prepared to test the LOCA failure (burst) criterion for Zirconium alloy
# using the ZryCladdingFailure and ZryCreepLOCAUpdate materials.
#
# - Geometry:
# ri = 0.005 m
# ro = 0.0055 m
# H = 0.01 m
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1000 K
#
# - Boundary conditions:
# pressure at inner surface (pi) = from 1 to 10 MPa in 10 s
# pressure at outer surface (po) = 0.1 MPa
#
# Cladding failure is considered to occur when either a limiting creep rate is exceeded
# (criterion = 1, i.e., plastic instability criterion).
#
#
# Failure occurs at the attainment of the limiting creep rate, which is
# lim_creep_rate = 100 h^-1 ~0.0278 s^-1.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 2
nx = 1
ny = 1
xmin = 0.005
xmax = 0.0055
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
[]
[]
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
volumetric_locking_correction = true
[]
[Variables]
[temp]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1000.
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1000 1000'
[]
[inner_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 10.0'
[]
[outer_pressure_function]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1.0 1.0'
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
use_automatic_differentiation = true
block = 0
add_variables = true
strain = FINITE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temp
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temp
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[hasburst]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = right #3
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[outersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = right
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e5
function = outer_pressure_function
[]
[innersurface]
type = ADPressure
boundary = left
variable = disp_x
factor = 1.0e6
function = inner_pressure_function
[]
[u_bottom_fix]
type = ADDirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 'top bottom'
value = 0.0
[]
[temp_bc_1]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
variable = temp
boundary = 'left right top bottom'
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[phase]
type = ADZrPhase
block = 0
temperature = temp
numerical_method = 2
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = 0
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[stress]
type = ADComputeMultipleInelasticStress
inelastic_models = 'zry_thermal_creep'
block = 0
[]
[zry_thermal_creep]
type = ADZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 0
temperature = temp
model_thermal_creep = true
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
[]
[clad_density]
type = ADStrainAdjustedDensity
block = 0
strain_free_density = 6500
[]
[thermal]
type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ADZryCladdingFailure
boundary = right #3
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temp
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 8.9
dt = 0.1
[]
[Postprocessors]
[creep_rate]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = creep_rate
[]
[burst]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burst
[]
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 25
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_PUZRY_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/puzry-27/puzry-27.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = puzry_mesh.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 300.
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = temperature_puzry-27.csv
axis = 1 # (0,1,2) => (x,y,z)
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 1000. 3000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05 5.06e+06' # Linear increase at 0.0248 bar/s
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 3000. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # Argon at 1 bar
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase] # Fraction of beta phase in Zry
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress] # Hoop stress at cladding burst
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst] # Did cladding burst occur?
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[QuasiStatic]
[clad]
strain = FINITE
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
additional_generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz
vonmises_stress strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = '2 5'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '2 5'
[]
[no_x_plug]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 6
value = 0.
[]
[no_y_mid_plane]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply Ar pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 126 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
block = 1
type = ZryThermal
temperature = temperature
[]
[elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
youngs_modulus = 1.e+11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
block = 1
[]
[creep_update]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = 1
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1.e-04
temperature = temperature
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 700
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 900.
[]
[creep]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
block = 1
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'creep_update'
[]
[clad_thermal_eigenstrain]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = 1
stress_free_temperature = 300.
temperature = temperature
eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = 1
strain_free_density = 6550.0
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = 1
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = '2 5'
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
active = 'smp'
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0.
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 3000.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average cladding temperature (outer)
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[pressure_inn]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = 1
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = 1
plenum_boundary_name = '4 6'
external_clad_boundary_name = '2 5'
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = puzry-27_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_REBEKA_cladding_burst_tests/analysis/rebeka_2d_02MPa/rebeka_singlerod_2d_02MPa.i)
# Simulation of REBEKA single-rod, cladding-only LOCA tests.
[GlobalParams]
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = rebeka_singlerod.e
[]
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[disp_y]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 573.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '573. 1273.' # From 300 to 1000 C at 1 K/s
[]
[inner_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '2.e+06 2.e+06' # 20 bar
[]
[outer_pressure_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 700. '
y = '1.e+05 1.e+05' # atmospheric pressure
[]
[]
[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
[clad]
block = cladding
add_variables = false
strain = FINITE
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_eigenstrain'
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'vonmises_stress stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz strain_xx
strain_yy strain_zz hoop_stress'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[creep_rate_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[scale_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfract_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxywtfgain_total]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[creep_rate_aux]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = creep_rate_aux
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[creep_strain_mag]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = effective_creep_strain
variable = creep_strain_mag
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
[]
[scl_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = scale_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
boundary = 2
[]
[ofract_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = oxywtfract_total
property = current_oxygen_weight_frac_total
boundary = 2
[]
[ofgain_total]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxywtfgain_total
property = oxygen_weight_frac_gained_total
[]
[sigmaburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst_stress
property = burst_stress
boundary = 2
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = burst
property = failed
boundary = 2
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[BCs]
[inner_temperature]
type = REBEKADirichletBC
variable = temperature
function_tempm = temperature_func
minimum_temperature = 573.
translation = 0.1625
boundary = 4
[]
[no_y_midsection]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_y
boundary = 3
value = 0.
[]
[Pressure]
[outer_pressure] # apply steam pressure on clad outer wall
boundary = 2
function = outer_pressure_func
[]
[inner_pressure] # apply He pressure on clad inner wall
boundary = 4
function = inner_pressure_func
[]
[]
[]
[Constraints]
[bottom_section_plane]
type = EqualValueBoundaryConstraint
variable = disp_y
primary = 101 # node on boundary
secondary = 1 # boundary
penalty = 1.e+10
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface]
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
inlet_temperature = 473.
inlet_pressure = 1.e+05
inlet_massflux = 1.0 # kg/m^2-sec # almost stagnant steam
rod_diameter = 10.75e-03
rod_pitch = 1.26e-02 # default
number_axial_zone = 15
oxide_thickness = scale_thickness
[]
[]
[Materials]
[thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = cladding
youngs_modulus = 1.0e11
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'clad_zrycreep'
block = cladding
[]
[clad_zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
model_irradiation_creep = false
model_primary_creep = false
model_thermal_creep = true
temperature_loca_creep_begin = 501 # see Erbacher et al., 1982
temperature_standard_thermal_creep_end = 500
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
stress_free_temperature = 573.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_eigenstrain
[]
[density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = cladding
strain_free_density = 6550
[]
[phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = cladding
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 0.00465
clad_outer_radius = 0.005375
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = leistikow
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = combined_overstress_and_plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate_aux
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
fraction_oxygen_gain = oxywtfgain_total
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[smp]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
petsc_options_value = ' lu superlu_dist'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
l_tol = 1e-2
nl_max_its = 15
nl_rel_tol = 1.e-04
nl_abs_tol = 1.e-08
start_time = 0
n_startup_steps = 1
end_time = 700.
dtmax = 1.
dtmin = 0.00000001
[TimeStepper]
type = PostprocessorDT
postprocessor = material_timestep
dt = 1.
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_clad_exterior_temp] # average temperature of cladding exterior
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
[]
[material_timestep]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = cladding
[]
[max_clad_temp]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = temperature
[]
[max_oxygen_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = oxywtfract_total
[]
[max_betaph_fract]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
[]
[max_creep_rate]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_rate_aux
[]
[max_creep_strain_mag]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = creep_strain_mag
[]
[max_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
[]
[max_hoop_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = hoop_stress
[]
[vonmises_stress_clad]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = cladding
variable = vonmises_stress
[]
[min_burst_stress]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = min
variable = burst_stress
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
block = cladding
value_type = max
variable = burst
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = cladding
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geo
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[StandardLWRFuelRodOutputs]
rod_component = clad
cladding_blocks = cladding
plenum_boundary_name = 4
external_clad_boundary_name = 2
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
csv = true
[console]
type = Console
output_linear = true
max_rows = 25
[]
[chkfile]
type = CSV
file_base = rebeka_2d_02MPa_out_chkfile
show = 'average_interior_clad_temperature max_hoop_strain max_hoop_stress'
execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
[]
[fuel_pin_geo]
type = FuelPinGeometry
clad_outer_wall = '2'
clad_inner_wall = '4'
include_fuel = false
[]
[]