Layered2DFuelPinGeometry

Computes LWR fuel pin geometry for layered 2D meshes by reading the mesh. This object can be coupled to burnup and other functions as an alternative to having the user supply parameters such as pellet radius and pellet-cladding gap multiple times.

Description

Layered2DFuelPinGeometry calculates LWR fuel pin geometry for layered 2D meshes by reading from the input mesh. This object can be coupled to burnup and other functions (e.g., postprocessors) as an alternative to having the user supply parameters such as pellet radius and pellet-cladding gap multiple times within the input file.

Example Input Syntax

[UserObjects<<<{"href": "../../syntax/UserObjects/index.html"}>>>]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry<<<{"description": "Computes LWR fuel pin geometry for layered 2D meshes by reading the mesh. This object can be coupled to burnup and other functions as an alternative to having the user supply parameters such as pellet radius and pellet-cladding gap multiple times.", "href": "Layered2DFuelPinGeometry.html"}>>>
    mesh_generator<<<{"description": "The name of the generator to use as the prefix for mesh meta data properties."}>>> = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

Input Parameters

mesh_generatorThe name of the generator to use as the prefix for mesh meta data properties.
C++ Type:MeshGeneratorName
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the generator to use as the prefix for mesh meta data properties.

Required Parameters

blockThe list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
clad_bottom2Sideset for bottom of cladding (bottom of lower end cap).
Default:2
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Controllable:No
Description:Sideset for bottom of cladding (bottom of lower end cap).
clad_inner_wall5Sideset for inner wall of cladding, not including end caps.
Default:5
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Controllable:No
Description:Sideset for inner wall of cladding, not including end caps.
clad_outer_wall2Sideset for outer wall of cladding.
Default:2
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Controllable:No
Description:Sideset for outer wall of cladding.
clad_top2Sideset for top of cladding (top of upper end cap).
Default:2
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Controllable:No
Description:Sideset for top of cladding (top of upper end cap).
fuel_excludeThe subset of fuel blocks in an extended set to be ignored.
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The subset of fuel blocks in an extended set to be ignored.
fuel_retainThe subset of fuel blocks in an extended set to be considered.
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The subset of fuel blocks in an extended set to be considered.
id_offset0This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs
Default:0
C++ Type:short
Controllable:No
Description:This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs
include_cladTrueWhether to include the clad block
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to include the clad block
include_fuelTrueWhether to include the fuel block
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to include the fuel block
name_prefixIf provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:If provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string
pellet_exteriors8Sideset for all pellet exteriors.
Default:8
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Controllable:No
Description:Sideset for all pellet exteriors.
translation_vector0 0 0The value to use for the translation. The xyz coordinates are applied in each direction respectively.
Default:0 0 0
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The value to use for the translation. The xyz coordinates are applied in each direction respectively.

Optional Parameters

allow_duplicate_execution_on_initialFalseIn the case where this UserObject is depended upon by an initial condition, allow it to be executed twice during the initial setup (once before the IC and again after mesh adaptivity (if applicable).
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:In the case where this UserObject is depended upon by an initial condition, allow it to be executed twice during the initial setup (once before the IC and again after mesh adaptivity (if applicable).
execute_onINITIALThe list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html.
Default:INITIAL
C++ Type:ExecFlagEnum
Options:XFEM_MARK, NONE, INITIAL, LINEAR, NONLINEAR_CONVERGENCE, NONLINEAR, POSTCHECK, TIMESTEP_END, TIMESTEP_BEGIN, MULTIAPP_FIXED_POINT_END, MULTIAPP_FIXED_POINT_BEGIN, FINAL, CUSTOM
Controllable:No
Description:The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html.
execution_order_group0Execution order groups are executed in increasing order (e.g., the lowest number is executed first). Note that negative group numbers may be used to execute groups before the default (0) group. Please refer to the user object documentation for ordering of user object execution within a group.
Default:0
C++ Type:int
Controllable:No
Description:Execution order groups are executed in increasing order (e.g., the lowest number is executed first). Note that negative group numbers may be used to execute groups before the default (0) group. Please refer to the user object documentation for ordering of user object execution within a group.
force_postauxFalseForces the UserObject to be executed in POSTAUX
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Forces the UserObject to be executed in POSTAUX
force_preauxFalseForces the UserObject to be executed in PREAUX
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Forces the UserObject to be executed in PREAUX
force_preicFalseForces the UserObject to be executed in PREIC during initial setup
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Forces the UserObject to be executed in PREIC during initial setup

Execution Scheduling Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Advanced Parameters

prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.

Material Property Retrieval Parameters

Input Files

(test/tests/layered2D/thickness.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile_nonuniform.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/gps_elastic_2scalar_2slice_1block.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_init_eigenstrain.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_plenum_temperature.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/internal_volume.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_integral.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/fuel_pin_geometry.i)
(test/tests/fuelrodlinevaluesampler/chk_layered2D_mesh.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/multi_block.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/side_average_value.i)

(test/tests/layered2D/fuel_pin_geometry.i)

# This test is to check the Layered2DFuelPinGeometry output.  The output
# is printed to the console prior to any iterations.

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 20
    fuel_height = 0.63661977236 # 2 / pi
    plenum_height = 0.3183098861837907 # 1 / pi
    slices_per_block = 2
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
    pellet_inner_radius = 0.5
    clad_gap_width = 0.4142135623730950488
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 9
    value = 100
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 2
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/thickness.i)

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  reference_vector = 'ref'
  extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]

[Mesh]
  # Right Center x=1 y=2
  [right]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 0.1
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'right'
    show_info = true
    portion = right_half
  []
  [rotate_right]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = ROTATE
    vector_value = '0 0 180'
    input = right
  []
  [translate_right]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '.0126 0 0'
    input = rotate_right
  []
  [no_x]
    type = SideSetsFromNormalsGenerator
    input = translate_right
    new_boundary = 'no_x'
    normals = '1 0 0'
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temperature_func]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 180'
    y = '300 1200'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temperature]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temperature
    function = temperature_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'right_fuel'
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'right_clad'
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [right_fuel_pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = right
    translation_vector = '.0126 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'right'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile_nonuniform.i)

#
# This test compares the integrated axial profile using the LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function and the raw axial profile function.  The LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function returns values very close to 1.0 in every case, whereas the raw data may
# not be integrated accurately.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = y
    uniform_slice_heights = false
    slice_heights = '0.25 0.5 1.25 2.0 0.2'
    slices_per_block = 4
    num_sectors = 10
    plenum_height = 0.2
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.2
    clad_gap_width = 0.2
    clad_thickness = 0.2
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_y]
  []
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t*0.01
  []
  [zero]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0'
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=1.0, 1.0,
             if(t<=2.0, 1.0+0.05*(y-2.0),
             if(t<=3.0, 1.0+0.1*cos(pi/2.0*(y-1.0)),
             if(t<=4.0, 1.0+0.01*if(y<3,8*y-15,9.0),
             if(t<=5.0, 1.0-0.2*cos(2.5*(y-2.0))+0.5*(y-2.0)+0.04*sin(5.0),
             0)))))'
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = LayeredAxialPowerProfile
    axial_power_profile = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = zero
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = axial_profile
    function = axial_profile
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    function = raw_axial_profile
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [zero_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [zero_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [integrated_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [integrated_raw_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 5
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/gps_elastic_2scalar_2slice_1block.i)

#
# This test checks the generalized plane strain formulation.  The model consists
# of two layers of fuel.  One undergoes a temperature rise of 100 with
# the other seeing a temperature rise of 300.  Young's modulus is 3600, and
# Poisson's ratio is 0.2.  The thermal expansion coefficient is 1e-8.  All
# nodes are constrained against movement.
#
# With an out of plane strain of 1.5e-6 in the first layer and 4.5e-6 in the
# second layer, the stress solution is [-4.5e-3, -4.5e-3, -4.184e-15] and
# [-13.5e-3, -13.5e-3, -1.248e-14] (xx, yy, zz).
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temp
[]

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  reference_vector = 'ref'
  extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]

[Mesh]
  use_displaced_mesh = false
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    include_clad = false
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_outer_radius = 1.0
    pellet_bottom_coor = -0.5
    slices_per_block = 2
    fuel_height = 2.0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 5
  []
  [BoundingBoxNodeSet]
    type = BoundingBoxNodeSetGenerator
    bottom_left = '-2 -2 -1'
    top_right = '2 2 2'
    new_boundary = 1000
    input = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [tempFunc]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '580 580 680 880'
    axis = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_clad = false
    pellet_exteriors = outer
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
        add_variables = true
        add_scalar_variables = true
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        strain = small
        eigenstrain_names = eigenstrain
        block = fuel
        outputs = all
        extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [temp]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = tempFunc
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 1000
    value = 0
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 1000
    value = 0
    variable = disp_y
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    youngs_modulus = 3600
    poissons_ratio = 0.2
  []

  [thermal_strain]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = fuel
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 1e-8
    stress_free_temperature = 580
    eigenstrain_name = eigenstrain
  []

  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
    block = fuel
  []

  [thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  console = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_init_eigenstrain.i)

# The initial stress that is provided from the plenum pressure on the fuel pellet is countered via the initial
# eigenstrain material.  The resulting strains are calculated in the initial time step behind the scenes.  The stresses
# shown are the stresses from the plenum pressure, but the strains are the results of the initial eigenstrain and the strain
# of the plenum pressure on the fuel, which should be zero in the zz directions.  The poisson's ratio is zero for the fuel and cladding
# so the stress_zz is zero as a result.  Due to the mesh, there is a shear stress that isn't accounted for correctly in this test, hence
# the initial stress passed doesn't fully account for this and the initial strain is close to, but not equal to zero.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    # num_sectors = 20
    num_sectors = 2
    slices_per_block = 1
    pellet_outer_radius = 5e-3
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.2
    fuel_height = 0.5
    # pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    # clad_mesh_density = coarse
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_c = 2
    nr_p = 1
    include_plenum = true
    plenum_height = 0.4
    include_clad = true
    clad_gap_width = .1
    clad_thickness = 1e-3
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [outer_pressure_function]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '-100 10'
    y = '1.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 1000
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [outersurface_x]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = '2'
    variable = disp_x
    factor = 101325.0
    function = outer_pressure_function
  []
  [outersurface_y]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = '2'
    variable = disp_y
    factor = 101325.0
    function = outer_pressure_function
  []
  [outer_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '2'
    variable = temperature
    value = 273
  []
  [no_x_all]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '5 2 left' #Holds fuel center in place
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y_all]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '5 2 bottom' #Holds fuel center in place
    value = 0.0
  []
  [temp_bc]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = '10 5 left bottom'
    value = 1000
  []
  [PlenumPressure]
    [plenumPressure]
      boundary = '8 7'
      startup_time = -1
      initial_pressure = 4.0e6
      initial_temperature = 1000
      R = 8.3143
      displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
      temperature = plenum_temp # coupling to post processor to get gas temperature approximation
      volume = gas_volume # coupling to post processor to get gas volume
    []
  []
[]

[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
  [plenum_temp]
    boundary = 5
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    out_of_plane_strain = strain_zz
    axial_direction = z
    inner_surfaces = '5'
    outer_surfaces = '10'
    temperature = temperature
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [gps_fuel]
        block = fuel
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy strain_xx strain_yy '
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        initial_eigenstrain_name = 'ini_stress'
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [gps_clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    youngs_modulus = 2e11
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    block = fuel
    initial_stress = '-4e6 1.090376e-06 0 1.090376e-06 -4e6 0 0 0 0' # Not the correct shear stresses
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = fuel
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = fuel
    strain_free_density = 10431.0
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = clad
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = clad
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = clad
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [stress_xx]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = stress_xx
    elementid =8
  []
  [strain_xx]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = strain_xx
    elementid =8
  []

  [strain_yy]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = strain_yy
    elementid =8
  []

  [gas_volume]
    type = InternalVolume
    boundary = '9'
    execute_on = 'initial linear'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  automatic_scaling = true
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-6
  start_time = -.1
  n_startup_steps = 1
  dt = .1
  end_time = .2
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 4
  []
  [chkfile]
    type = CSV
    hide = 'plenum_temp gas_volume'
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile.i)

#
# This test compares the integrated axial profile using the LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function and the raw axial profile function.  The LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function returns values very close to 1.0 in every case, whereas the raw data may
# not be integrated accurately.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = y
    num_sectors = 10
    fuel_height = 4.0
    plenum_height = 0.2
    slices_per_block = 2
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.2
    clad_gap_width = 0.2
    clad_thickness = 0.2
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_y]
  []
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t*0.01
  []
  [zero]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0'
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=1.0, 1.0,
             if(t<=2.0, 1.0+0.05*(y-2.0),
             if(t<=3.0, 1.0+0.1*cos(pi/2.0*(y-1.0)),
             if(t<=4.0, 1.0+0.01*if(y<3,8*y-15,9.0),
             if(t<=5.0, 1.0-0.2*cos(2.5*(y-2.0))+0.5*(y-2.0)+0.04*sin(5.0),
             0)))))'
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = LayeredAxialPowerProfile
    axial_power_profile = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = zero
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = axial_profile
    function = axial_profile
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    function = raw_axial_profile
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [zero_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [zero_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [integrated_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [integrated_raw_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 5
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_plenum_temperature.i)

#
# Mesh contains one fuel and clad slice of height 1 and a plenum
# slice of height 9.  The gap between the fuel and clad is set to 1.
# The fuel and clad surface temperature is set to 90.
# The plenum temperature is set to 50.
#
# The layered plenum temperature, which estimates the average temperature in the
# gap is calculated as:
#
# T_p = (50 * 9 * 2  + 90 * 1 * 1) / (9 * 2 + 1 * 1) = 52.10526
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  coord_type = XYZ
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    uniform_slice_heights = true
    fuel_height = 1.0
    slices_per_block = 1
    slices_within_upper_plenum = 1
    include_fuel = true
    include_plenum = true
    plenum_height = 9.0
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1.0
    clad_gap_width = 1.0
    clad_thickness = 1.0
    elem_type = quad8
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp1]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
     x = '0.5 5.5'
     y = '0 1'
     z = '0 0 90 50'
     axis = 2
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp1]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temp
    function = temp1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
  [plenum_temp]
    boundary = 5
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    out_of_plane_strain = strain_zz_0
    inner_surfaces = '5'
    outer_surfaces = '10'
    temperature = temp
    axial_direction = z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'fuel clad'
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = 'fuel clad'
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/internal_volume.i)

#
# This test checks the LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor Postprocessor for a layered2D
# analysis. The mesh is a circle of fuel and two rings of cladding.  The height of
# each is 1/pi.  The initial radius of the fuel is 1.  The inner radius of the
# cladding is sqrt(2).  This gives an initial cavity volume of:
# 2(pi*2/pi) - pi*1/pi = 3.
#
# A strain of 0.2 in the yy direction is applied to the fuel.  This makes the
# fuel volume pi*1/pi*1.2 = 1.2.  The cavity volume is then 2.8.
#
# A strain of 0.1 in the yy direction is applied to the upper cladding slice.
# The cladding volume is then pi*2/pi + pi*2/pi*1.1 = 4.2.  The cavity volume
# is then 3.0.
#
# Finally, the outer radius of the fuel is displaced sqrt(1.4/1.2)-1 giving
# an outer fuel radius position of sqrt(1.4/1.2).  The fuel volume becomes
# pi*(1.4/1.2)/pi*1.2 = 1.4.  The final cavity volume is 4.2-1.4 = 2.8.
#
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_gap_width = 0.414213562
    fuel_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    plenum_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    component = 0
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel_x]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=2,0, (t-2)*0.080123449*cos(atan2(z,x)))'
  []
  [disp_fuel_z]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=2,0, (t-2)*0.080123449*sin(atan2(z,x)))'
  []
  [strain_yy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if((x^2+z^2)<1.2, if(t<=1,t*0.2,0.2), if(y>0.4,if(t<=1,0,if(t<=2,(t-1)*0.1,0.1)),0))'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = strain_yy
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel_x
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel_z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [volume]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 9
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vol_fuel]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vol_clad]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 5
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 3
  dt = 0.25
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_integral.i)

#
# Mesh has two slices of height 10e-3.
# Temperature is set to 10 and 90 on the two slices.
#
# The integral in cylindrical coordinates for the bottom layer given the
# dimensions of the cladding is given by:
#
# int from 4.18e-3 to 4.75e-3 of 10 * (2 * pi * r) dr
# = 10 * pi * (4.75e-3)^2 - 10 * pi * (4.18e-3)^2
# = 7.0882-4 - 5.4891e-4
# = 1.5991e-4
#
# Multiplying by the thickness of the layer (10e-3) gives the volume integral of:
# 1.5991e-6
#
# For the top layer the integral is:
# int from 4.18e-3 to 4.75e-3 of 90 * (2 * pi * r) dr
# = 90 * pi * (4.75e-3)^2 - 90 * pi * (4.18e-3)^2
# = 6.3794e-3 - 4.9402e-3
# = 1.4392e-3
#
# Multiplying by the thickness of the layer (10e-3) gives the volume integral of:
# 1.4392e-5
#
# These values are obtained by looking at the layered_temperature_sum AuxVariable.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 2
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.08e-3
    fuel_height = 20e-3
    include_plenum = false
    include_fuel = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0041
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_fuel = false
  []
  [temperature_sum]
    type = LayeredVariableIntegral
    block = clad
    variable = temp
    execute_on = timestep_end
    direction = y
    num_layers = 2
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [layered_temperature_sum]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_func]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0.005 0.015'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '0 0 10 90'
    axis = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [layered_temperature_sum]
    type = SpatialUserObjectAux
    variable = layered_temperature_sum
    execute_on = timestep_end
    block = clad
    user_object = temperature_sum
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp_func]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 5
    variable = temp
    function = temp_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = clad
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/fuel_pin_geometry.i)

# This test is to check the Layered2DFuelPinGeometry output.  The output
# is printed to the console prior to any iterations.

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 20
    fuel_height = 0.63661977236 # 2 / pi
    plenum_height = 0.3183098861837907 # 1 / pi
    slices_per_block = 2
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
    pellet_inner_radius = 0.5
    clad_gap_width = 0.4142135623730950488
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 9
    value = 100
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 2
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/fuelrodlinevaluesampler/chk_layered2D_mesh.i)

#
# Mesh checking that FuelRodLineValueSampler fails when supplied with a
# Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
#

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  slice_heights = '1.0'
  volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]

[Mesh]
  coord_type = RZ
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    uniform_slice_heights = false
    slices_per_block = '1'
    include_fuel = false
    include_clad = true
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = '1.0'
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    clad_thickness = 0.3
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [clad_inner_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 2.0
  []
  [clad_outer_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [Pressure]
    [inner_pressure]
      boundary = 2
      factor = 1.0
      function = clad_inner_pressure
    []
  []
  [Pressure]
    [outer_pressure]
      boundary = 5
      factor = 1.0
      function = clad_outer_pressure
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    include_clad = true
    include_fuel = false
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [clad]
        add_variables = true
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        block = clad
        out_of_plane_pressure_function = 0.0
        strain = finite
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_zz'
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'clad'
    youngs_modulus = 1e6
    poissons_ratio = 0.25
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'clad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [max_stress_xx]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [max_stress_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [min_stress_xx]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_xx
    value_type = min
  []
  [min_stress_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_zz
    value_type = min
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [clad_stress_xx]
    type = FuelRodLineValueSampler
    variable = stress_xx
    material = 'clad'
    fraction = 0.5
    num_points = 10
    orientation = 'horizontal'
    fuel_pin_geometry = 'pin_geometry'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/multi_block.i)

#
# This test checks that the Layered2D master action properly creates the strain
# calculator, scalar variables and kernels, and aux variable that groups all of
# the scalar variables into a single variable for output purposes.
#
# The simulation domain contains a single layer of fuel and cladding and one
# layer for the plenum. The fuel and cladding layer contains a circle of fuel
# with a ring of cladding and the plenum layer contains only a ring of cladding.
# The initial temperature of both the fuel and cladding is set to 300.0 K and
# is linearly increased to 500.0 K over 2 seconds.  The thermal expansion
# coefficientso are taken as constant at 10e-6 K^-1 and 5e-6 K^-1 for the fuel
# and cladding respectively.  Assuming isotropic linear thermal the calculated
# out-of-plane strain due to thermal expansion in each block is:
#
# epsilon_yy = alpha (T-T_o)
#
# where epsilon_yy is the out-of-plane strain, alpha is the thermal expansion
# coefficient, and T_o is the stress free temperature.
#
# Therefore in the fuel the out-of-plane strain is:
#
# epsilon_yy = 10.0e-6 * (500-300) = 2.0e-3.
#
# and in the cladding:
#
# epsilon_yy = 5.0e-6 * (500-300) = 1.0e-3
#
# These answers are verified by the postprocessors.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 20
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_gap_width = 0.414213562
    fuel_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    plenum_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_ramp]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '0.0 300.0
               2.0 500.0'
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
        out_of_plane_direction = y
        temperature = temp
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
        strain = finite
        block = fuel
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
        out_of_plane_direction = y
        temperature = temp
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain'
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = bottom
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0.0
  []

  [temp_ramp]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = '10 2 5'
    function = temp_ramp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'fuel clad'
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [thermal_material]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0e6
    specific_heat = 1.0
    block = 'fuel clad'
  []
  [thermal_expansion_fuel]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = fuel
    temperature = temp
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 10e-6
    stress_free_temperature = 300.0
    eigenstrain_name = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
  []
  [stress_fuel]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'fuel'
  []
  [thermal_expansion_clad]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = clad
    temperature = temp
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5e-6
    stress_free_temperature = 300.0
    eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_strain'
  []
  [stress_clad]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'clad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  end_time = 2.0
  dt = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [strain_yy_fuel]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = fuel
    variable = strain_yy
  []
  [strain_yy_clad]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = clad
    variable = strain_yy
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  hide = 'disp_x disp_z'
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/side_average_value.i)

#
# The mesh contains two slices of cladding of height 10e-3.
# Temperature is set to 10 and 90 on the two slices.
# The average temperature is (10*10e-3 + 90*10e-3)/(10e-3+10e0-3) = 50.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 2
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.08e-3
    fuel_height = 20e-3
    include_plenum = false
    include_fuel = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0041
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_fuel = false
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_func]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0.005 0.015'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '0 0 10 90'
    axis = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp_func]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 5
    variable = temp
    function = temp_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = clad
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 9e-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [ave_temp]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 2
    variable = temp
    execute_on = timestep_end
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
[]

Description
Example Input Syntax
Input Parameters
Input Files