Layered2DMeshGenerator

Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.

Description

This mesh generator class generates a layered 2-dimensional mesh containing multiple circular cross-sections of fuel and cladding. It allows the user to specify radii, mesh density, and gap sizes. A coating layer may be added to the exterior of the cladding, or multiple claddings may be defined. The fuel or cladding portion of the mesh can be disabled if desired. A missing pellet defect (MPS) may also be included on the fuel. Hollow and solid fuel pellets may be modeled. Details about common input parameters are as follows.

With uniform_slice_heights set to true, fuel slice heights are computed based on fuel_height. If set to false, provide slice_heights but not fuel_height. slice_heights is a list of heights for every slice in the model, including the plenum if a plenum is used.

plenum_height is the total height of cladding not adjacent to fuel.

note:Proper calculation of plenum_height

For comparison with 2D axisymmetric meshes (e.g.,FuelPinMeshGenerator), plenum_height must be the total of any non-fueled height above and below the fuel. Also note that plenum_height is only used with uniform_slice_heights set to true. If uniform_slice_heights is false and include_plenum is true, the last entry in slice_heights is the height of the plenum (again, the total non-fueled height).

pellet_bottom_coor is the vertical coordinate of the start of the fuel column. This means that the vertical coordinate of the first mesh layer will be at pellet_bottom_coor plus one half of the first layer height.

Multiple fuel blocks can be modeled each having its own pellet inner and outer radii. The cladding inner radius is defined as the largest pellet outer radius plus the clad_gap_width. Each fuel block may also have its own missing pellet surface (MPS) defect depth.

The spacing of the individual layers is the same as that shown in the figure for Layered1DMeshGenerator except that there is no axial line of symmetry assumed.

The resulting mesh will have the following sidesets:

Sideset	Description
`2`	outer surface (named `outer`)
`5`	For a typical fuel and cladding mesh, this is the interior surface of the cladding.
`7`	For a typical fuel and cladding mesh, this is the interior surface of the cladding.
`8`	For a typical fuel and cladding mesh, this is the exterior surface of the fuel.
`9`	For a typical fuel and cladding mesh, this is the union of sidesets `7` and `8`.
`10`	For a typical fuel and cladding mesh, this is the exterior surface of the fuel.
`101`	All the nodes along the abscissa axis (depends upon the out of plane direction specified) of the mesh (named `bottom`). See Figure 1.
`102`	All the nodes along the ordinate axis (depends upon the out of plane direction specified) of the mesh (named `left`). See Figure 1.
`1001`, `1002`, `1003`, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-e8400758-9791-4e9d-9a13-ec7a17bc057e");katex.render("\\ldots", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$	every outside and inside radial surface of mesh blocks will receive a sideset, starting with `1001`. Sideset 1001 is reserved for the interior surfaces on hollow fuel pellets (if fuel is included) and therefore the exterior of the fuel always has a sideset of `1002` regardless if it is solid or not. This allows a mesh to be created containing both solid and hollow fuel pellets with consistent sideset numbering throughout the mesh. For meshes containing no fuel sideset numbering begins at `1001` at the interior surface of the clad.

Figure 1: Diagram describing the bottom (black) and left (red) sidesets depending upon the out of plane direction specified. Only one layer is shown.

The resulting mesh will have the following nodesets:

Nodeset	Description
`10000`, `10001`, `10002`, `10003`, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-a0a9e6db-77d6-424b-9241-2c38427a2901");katex.render("\\ldots", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$	corresponds to specific nodes at two locations at the interior and exterior of every ring as well as the central node if the first ring is solid. Nodeset `10000` is reserved for the central node of the first ring if it is solid. See Figure 2 for an illustration of the nodeset locations. The nodeset number continues to increase in the same fashion if additional rings are added.

Figure 2: Diagram describing nodeset numbering convention. A solid fuel layer and a hollow fuel layer with a MPS are shown. The arrows are pointing to the nodes on the inner surface of the cladding.

The resulting mesh will have the following blocks:

Block	Description
`1`	clad (named `clad`)
`3`, `4`, `5`, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-e26755c6-04a1-4ef1-b195-2f288d21d82b");katex.render("\\ldots", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$	the fuel blocks. The total number is equal to the size of the `slices_per_block` parameter (if one block, named 'fuel', else named `fuel1`, `fuel2`, `fuel3`, etc.)
`3` + `total_fuel_blocks`, `3` + `total_fuel_blocks` + `1`, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-935aef86-0a2b-401a-8495-3bb4857adb9e");katex.render("\\ldots", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$	the `additional_rings` (names based upon the user supplied names in `additional_block_names` parameter)

Example Input Syntax

An example of using the layered 2D mesh generator for a mesh containing a single fuel block and clad:

[Mesh<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Mesh/index.html"}>>>]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator<<<{"description": "Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.", "href": "Layered2DMeshGenerator.html"}>>>
    num_sectors<<<{"description": "Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number."}>>> = 10
    slices_per_block<<<{"description": "For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding.  For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used."}>>> = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor<<<{"description": "Axial location of the start of the fuel stack."}>>> = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the pellet (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    clad_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the cladding (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    include_plenum<<<{"description": "Whether to include the plenum."}>>> = false
    fuel_height<<<{"description": "Height of the fuel."}>>> = 10e-3
  []
[]

An example of using the layered 2D mesh generator for a mesh containing a single fuel block and clad with non uniform slice heights:

[Mesh<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Mesh/index.html"}>>>]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator<<<{"description": "Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.", "href": "Layered2DMeshGenerator.html"}>>>
    num_sectors<<<{"description": "Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number."}>>> = 10
    slices_per_block<<<{"description": "For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding.  For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used."}>>> = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor<<<{"description": "Axial location of the start of the fuel stack."}>>> = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the pellet (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    clad_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the cladding (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    include_plenum<<<{"description": "Whether to include the plenum."}>>> = false
    slice_heights<<<{"description": "Needed if uniform_slice_heights is false.  Height of each slice.  The number of slices provided must be the total number of fuel slices, plus one slice for the plenum, if a plenum is used, plus one slice for the lower plenum, if a lower plenum is used. This equals the number of slices in the cladding."}>>> = '10e-3 25e-3'
    uniform_slice_heights<<<{"description": "Whether heights of fuel/cladding slices are uniform, excluding plenum height."}>>> = false
  []
[]

An example of using the layered 2D mesh generator for a mesh containing an additional gap and block representing an outer capsule:

[Mesh<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Mesh/index.html"}>>>]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator<<<{"description": "Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.", "href": "Layered2DMeshGenerator.html"}>>>
    num_sectors<<<{"description": "Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number."}>>> = 10
    slices_per_block<<<{"description": "For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding.  For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used."}>>> = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor<<<{"description": "Axial location of the start of the fuel stack."}>>> = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the pellet (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    clad_mesh_density<<<{"description": "Sets the mesh density of the cladding (coarse, medium, fine, customize)."}>>> = coarse
    include_plenum<<<{"description": "Whether to include the plenum."}>>> = false
    fuel_height<<<{"description": "Height of the fuel."}>>> = 10e-3
    additional_block_names<<<{"description": "The names assigned to the blocks representing the additional rings."}>>> = 'null capsule'
    additional_elements_per_ring<<<{"description": "The number of elements through the additional rings. Must be the same length as additional_ring_thicknesses."}>>> = '0 1'
    additional_ring_thicknesses<<<{"description": "The thicknesses of additional rings."}>>> = '100e-6 500e-6'
  []
[]

Multiple Fuel Rods

The ability to create multiple fuel rods within the same input file also exists. See Layered2DArray.

It is also possible to create multiple fuel rods directly. In doing so, the numbering system described above still exists, but offsets to the base numbering are required. This is achieved through the input parameters name_prefix and id_offset ensuring unique names and numbering for possible otherwise identical fuel rods. Additionally, the use of Translation blocks in the mesh construction should be utilized to guarantee distinct coordinates for each fuel rod.

An example of constructing multiple fuel rods:

[Mesh<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Mesh/index.html"}>>>]
  [layered2D_mesh_1]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator<<<{"description": "Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.", "href": "Layered2DMeshGenerator.html"}>>>
    axial_direction<<<{"description": "The direction perpendicular to the circular cross section."}>>> = z
    num_sectors<<<{"description": "Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number."}>>> = 10
    slices_per_block<<<{"description": "For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding.  For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used."}>>> = 36
    clad_thickness<<<{"description": "Thickness of cladding."}>>> = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width<<<{"description": "Gap between maximum outer radius of pellet and inside surface of cladding."}>>> = 0.0
    fuel_height<<<{"description": "Height of the fuel."}>>> = 3.6
    include_plenum<<<{"description": "Whether to include the plenum."}>>> = false
    pellet_bottom_coor<<<{"description": "Axial location of the start of the fuel stack."}>>> = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius<<<{"description": "Pellet outer radius.  If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks."}>>> = 0.0045
    name_prefix<<<{"description": "If provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string"}>>> = 'righthand'
    id_offset<<<{"description": "This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs"}>>> = 10
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_1]
    type = TransformGenerator<<<{"description": "Applies a linear transform to the entire mesh.", "href": "TransformGenerator.html"}>>>
    transform<<<{"description": "The type of transformation to perform (TRANSLATE, TRANSLATE_CENTER_ORIGIN, TRANSLATE_MIN_ORIGIN, ROTATE, SCALE)"}>>> = TRANSLATE
    vector_value<<<{"description": "The value to use for the transformation. When using TRANSLATE or SCALE, the xyz coordinates are applied in each direction respectively. When using ROTATE, the values are interpreted as the Euler angles phi, theta and psi given in degrees."}>>> = '1 0 0'
    input<<<{"description": "The mesh we want to modify"}>>> = layered2D_mesh_1
  []
  [layered2D_mesh_2]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator<<<{"description": "Base class containing methods used by mesh generators creating meshes based upon circular cross sections.", "href": "Layered2DMeshGenerator.html"}>>>
    axial_direction<<<{"description": "The direction perpendicular to the circular cross section."}>>> = z
    num_sectors<<<{"description": "Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number."}>>> = 10
    slices_per_block<<<{"description": "For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding.  For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used."}>>> = 36
    clad_thickness<<<{"description": "Thickness of cladding."}>>> = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width<<<{"description": "Gap between maximum outer radius of pellet and inside surface of cladding."}>>> = 0.0
    fuel_height<<<{"description": "Height of the fuel."}>>> = 3.6
    include_plenum<<<{"description": "Whether to include the plenum."}>>> = false
    pellet_bottom_coor<<<{"description": "Axial location of the start of the fuel stack."}>>> = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius<<<{"description": "Pellet outer radius.  If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks."}>>> = 0.0045
    name_prefix<<<{"description": "If provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string"}>>> = 'lefthand'
    id_offset<<<{"description": "This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs"}>>> = 30
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_2]
    type = TransformGenerator<<<{"description": "Applies a linear transform to the entire mesh.", "href": "TransformGenerator.html"}>>>
    transform<<<{"description": "The type of transformation to perform (TRANSLATE, TRANSLATE_CENTER_ORIGIN, TRANSLATE_MIN_ORIGIN, ROTATE, SCALE)"}>>> = TRANSLATE
    vector_value<<<{"description": "The value to use for the transformation. When using TRANSLATE or SCALE, the xyz coordinates are applied in each direction respectively. When using ROTATE, the values are interpreted as the Euler angles phi, theta and psi given in degrees."}>>> = '-1 0 0'
    input<<<{"description": "The mesh we want to modify"}>>> = layered2D_mesh_2
  []
  [combine]
    type = CombinerGenerator<<<{"description": "Combine multiple meshes (or copies of one mesh) together into one (disjoint) mesh.  Can optionally translate those meshes before combining them.", "href": "CombinerGenerator.html"}>>>
    inputs<<<{"description": "The input MeshGenerators.  This can either be N generators or 1 generator.  If only 1 is given then 'positions' must also be given."}>>> = 'translate_1 translate_2'
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

note:Current Usage of id_offset

Currently, id_offset needs to be additionally set for the AxialRelocationAction.

Input Parameters

num_sectorsNumber of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number.
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:Number of azimuthal sectors in each quadrant. 'num_sectors' must be an even number.
slices_per_blockFor cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding. For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used.
C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>
Controllable:No
Description:For cases with only cladding, this is a single number providing the total number of slices for the cladding. For cases with fuel, this is the number of slices per fuel block. Multiple values are provided if multiple fuel blocks are used.

Required Parameters

additional_block_namesThe names assigned to the blocks representing the additional rings.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:The names assigned to the blocks representing the additional rings.
additional_elements_per_ringThe number of elements through the additional rings. Must be the same length as additional_ring_thicknesses.
C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>
Controllable:No
Description:The number of elements through the additional rings. Must be the same length as additional_ring_thicknesses.
additional_ring_thicknessesThe thicknesses of additional rings.
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The thicknesses of additional rings.
all_bottom_leftFalseWhether to generate sidesets for every bottom and left surface of mesh blocks.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to generate sidesets for every bottom and left surface of mesh blocks.
axial_directionzThe direction perpendicular to the circular cross section.
Default:z
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:x, y, z
Controllable:No
Description:The direction perpendicular to the circular cross section.
clad_gap_width2.5e-05Gap between maximum outer radius of pellet and inside surface of cladding.
Default:2.5e-05
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Gap between maximum outer radius of pellet and inside surface of cladding.
clad_mesh_densitymediumSets the mesh density of the cladding (coarse, medium, fine, customize).
Default:medium
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:coarse, medium, fine, customize
Controllable:No
Description:Sets the mesh density of the cladding (coarse, medium, fine, customize).
clad_thickness0.00041Thickness of cladding.
Default:0.00041
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Thickness of cladding.
compress_boundary_idsFalseWhether to compress the boundary IDs into a consecutive list.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to compress the boundary IDs into a consecutive list.
elem_typequad8Whether to generate quad8 or quad4 elements.
Default:quad8
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:quad4, quad8
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to generate quad8 or quad4 elements.
fuel_heightHeight of the fuel.
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Height of the fuel.
id_offset0This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs
Default:0
C++ Type:short
Controllable:No
Description:This offset is added to the generated boundary IDs
include_cladTrueWhether to include the clad block.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to include the clad block.
include_fuelTrueWhether to include the fuel block.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to include the fuel block.
include_plenumTrueWhether to include the plenum.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to include the plenum.
liner_thickness0Thickness of liner on interior of cladding.
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Thickness of liner on interior of cladding.
mps_depth0 Radial depth of MPS. If more than one given, number must match the number of fuel blocks.
Default:0
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Radial depth of MPS. If more than one given, number must match the number of fuel blocks.
name_prefixIf provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:If provided, prefix the built in boundary names with this string
nr_c2Number of cladding elements in radial direction.
Default:2
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:Number of cladding elements in radial direction.
nr_p4Number of fuel elements in radial direction of the outer ring outside the inner quadrilateral portion of the fuel mesh.
Default:4
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:Number of fuel elements in radial direction of the outer ring outside the inner quadrilateral portion of the fuel mesh.
offsetsOffset of each fuel slice block (x and y for each block).
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Offset of each fuel slice block (x and y for each block).
pellet_bottom_coor0.00324Axial location of the start of the fuel stack.
Default:0.00324
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Axial location of the start of the fuel stack.
pellet_inner_radius0 Pellet inner radius. If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks.
Default:0
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Pellet inner radius. If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks.
pellet_mesh_densitymediumSets the mesh density of the pellet (coarse, medium, fine, customize).
Default:medium
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:coarse, medium, fine, customize
Controllable:No
Description:Sets the mesh density of the pellet (coarse, medium, fine, customize).
pellet_outer_radius0.0041 Pellet outer radius. If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks.
Default:0.0041
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Pellet outer radius. If more than one given, number must match number of fuel blocks.
plenum_heightHeight of the plenum, including above and below the fuel.
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Height of the plenum, including above and below the fuel.
portionfullControl of which part of mesh is created
Default:full
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:full, top_right, right_half, top_half
Controllable:No
Description:Control of which part of mesh is created
slice_heightsNeeded if uniform_slice_heights is false. Height of each slice. The number of slices provided must be the total number of fuel slices, plus one slice for the plenum, if a plenum is used, plus one slice for the lower plenum, if a lower plenum is used. This equals the number of slices in the cladding.
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Needed if uniform_slice_heights is false. Height of each slice. The number of slices provided must be the total number of fuel slices, plus one slice for the plenum, if a plenum is used, plus one slice for the lower plenum, if a lower plenum is used. This equals the number of slices in the cladding.
slices_within_upper_plenum1Number of slices within the upper plenum. By default, the upper plenum is treated as a single volume (#slices = 1).
Default:1
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:Number of slices within the upper plenum. By default, the upper plenum is treated as a single volume (#slices = 1).
uniform_slice_heightsTrueWhether heights of fuel/cladding slices are uniform, excluding plenum height.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether heights of fuel/cladding slices are uniform, excluding plenum height.
use_legacy_block_idsTrueWhether to use legacy block id convention.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to use legacy block id convention.

Optional Parameters

enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
save_with_nameKeep the mesh from this mesh generator in memory with the name specified
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:Keep the mesh from this mesh generator in memory with the name specified

Advanced Parameters

nemesisFalseWhether or not to output the mesh file in the nemesisformat (only if output = true)
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not to output the mesh file in the nemesisformat (only if output = true)
outputFalseWhether or not to output the mesh file after generating the mesh
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not to output the mesh file after generating the mesh
show_infoFalseWhether or not to show mesh info after generating the mesh (bounding box, element types, sidesets, nodesets, subdomains, etc)
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not to show mesh info after generating the mesh (bounding box, element types, sidesets, nodesets, subdomains, etc)

Debugging Parameters

Input Files

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_additional_blocks_mesh.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_plenum_temperature.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_integral.i)
(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon.i)
(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon_translated.i)
(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/twin_balloon/twin_balloon.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/side_average_value.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/gps_elastic_2scalar_2slice_1block.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/thickness.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/internal_volume.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/multi_block.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_mesh.i)
(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon_two_rods.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_init_eigenstrain.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile_nonuniform.i)
(test/tests/radial_power_factor/offset.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/fuel_pin_geometry.i)
(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_non_uniform_mesh.i)
(test/tests/fuelrodlinevaluesampler/chk_layered2D_mesh.i)

References

No citations exist within this document.

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    fuel_height = 10e-3
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_non_uniform_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    slice_heights = '10e-3 25e-3'
    uniform_slice_heights = false
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_additional_blocks_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    fuel_height = 10e-3
    additional_block_names = 'null capsule'
    additional_elements_per_ring = '0 1'
    additional_ring_thicknesses = '100e-6 500e-6'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon_two_rods.i)


initial_fuel_density = 10431.0

[GlobalParams]
  density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temperature
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh_1]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = 10
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_1]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '1 0 0'
    input = layered2D_mesh_1
  []
  [layered2D_mesh_2]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'lefthand'
    id_offset = 30
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_2]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '-1 0 0'
    input = layered2D_mesh_2
  []
  [combine]
    type = CombinerGenerator
    inputs = 'translate_1 translate_2'
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [burnup]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 100'
    y = '0 15000'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x_2]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x+1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y_2]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x+1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_fuel'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
      [fuel_2]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'lefthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'lefthand_fuel'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
      []
      [clad_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_clad'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
      [clad_2]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'lefthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'lefthand_clad'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [burnup]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = burnup
    function = burnup_function
    execute_on = 'nonlinear'
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact_right]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
  [thermal_contact_left]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 35
    secondary = 40
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
[]

[Contact]
  [pellet_clad_mechanical_right]
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
  [pellet_clad_mechanical_left]
    primary = 35
    secondary = 40
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [righthand_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '20 15 12'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [lefthand_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '40 35 32'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [righthand_no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10016'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [leftthand_no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10030 10036'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [righthand_no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10013 10015'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [lefthand_no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10030 10033 10035'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x_1
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y_1
  []
  [left_inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '35'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x_2
  []
  [left_inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '35'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y_2
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [righthand_fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
    axial_relocation_object = righthand_axial_relocation
  []
  [lefthand_fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = 'lefthand_fuel'
    axial_relocation_object = lefthand_axial_relocation
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
    strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
[]

[AxialRelocation]
  [righthand]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = 'righthand_fuel'
    clad_blocks = 'righthand_clad'
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
    translation_vector = '1 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = 10
  []
  [lefthand]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = 'lefthand_fuel'
    clad_blocks = 'lefthand_fuel'
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
    translation_vector = '-1 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'lefthand'
    id_offset = 30
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [righthand_mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '1 0 0.05'
    end_point = '1 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = righthand_layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
  [lefthand_mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '-1 0 0.05'
    end_point = '-1 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = lefthand_layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 1
  dtmin = 1e-1
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
  [mass_fraction]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
    create_final_symlink = true
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_additional_blocks_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    fuel_height = 10e-3
    additional_block_names = 'null capsule'
    additional_elements_per_ring = '0 1'
    additional_ring_thicknesses = '100e-6 500e-6'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_plenum_temperature.i)

#
# Mesh contains one fuel and clad slice of height 1 and a plenum
# slice of height 9.  The gap between the fuel and clad is set to 1.
# The fuel and clad surface temperature is set to 90.
# The plenum temperature is set to 50.
#
# The layered plenum temperature, which estimates the average temperature in the
# gap is calculated as:
#
# T_p = (50 * 9 * 2  + 90 * 1 * 1) / (9 * 2 + 1 * 1) = 52.10526
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  coord_type = XYZ
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    uniform_slice_heights = true
    fuel_height = 1.0
    slices_per_block = 1
    slices_within_upper_plenum = 1
    include_fuel = true
    include_plenum = true
    plenum_height = 9.0
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1.0
    clad_gap_width = 1.0
    clad_thickness = 1.0
    elem_type = quad8
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp1]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
     x = '0.5 5.5'
     y = '0 1'
     z = '0 0 90 50'
     axis = 2
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp1]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temp
    function = temp1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
  [plenum_temp]
    boundary = 5
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    out_of_plane_strain = strain_zz_0
    inner_surfaces = '5'
    outer_surfaces = '10'
    temperature = temp
    axial_direction = z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'fuel clad'
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = 'fuel clad'
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_integral.i)

#
# Mesh has two slices of height 10e-3.
# Temperature is set to 10 and 90 on the two slices.
#
# The integral in cylindrical coordinates for the bottom layer given the
# dimensions of the cladding is given by:
#
# int from 4.18e-3 to 4.75e-3 of 10 * (2 * pi * r) dr
# = 10 * pi * (4.75e-3)^2 - 10 * pi * (4.18e-3)^2
# = 7.0882-4 - 5.4891e-4
# = 1.5991e-4
#
# Multiplying by the thickness of the layer (10e-3) gives the volume integral of:
# 1.5991e-6
#
# For the top layer the integral is:
# int from 4.18e-3 to 4.75e-3 of 90 * (2 * pi * r) dr
# = 90 * pi * (4.75e-3)^2 - 90 * pi * (4.18e-3)^2
# = 6.3794e-3 - 4.9402e-3
# = 1.4392e-3
#
# Multiplying by the thickness of the layer (10e-3) gives the volume integral of:
# 1.4392e-5
#
# These values are obtained by looking at the layered_temperature_sum AuxVariable.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 2
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.08e-3
    fuel_height = 20e-3
    include_plenum = false
    include_fuel = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0041
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_fuel = false
  []
  [temperature_sum]
    type = LayeredVariableIntegral
    block = clad
    variable = temp
    execute_on = timestep_end
    direction = y
    num_layers = 2
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [layered_temperature_sum]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_func]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0.005 0.015'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '0 0 10 90'
    axis = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [layered_temperature_sum]
    type = SpatialUserObjectAux
    variable = layered_temperature_sum
    execute_on = timestep_end
    block = clad
    user_object = temperature_sum
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp_func]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 5
    variable = temp
    function = temp_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = clad
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon.i)


initial_fuel_density = 10431.0

[GlobalParams]
  density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temperature
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [burnup]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 100'
    y = '0 15000'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = fuel
        eigenstrain_names = 'axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [burnup]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = burnup
    function = burnup_function
    execute_on = 'nonlinear'
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
[]

[Contact]
  [pellet_clad_mechanical]
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10000 10006'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10000 10003 10005'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '5'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x
  []
  [inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '5'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = fuel
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = clad
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = clad
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = fuel
    strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = clad
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
[]

[AxialRelocation]
  [relocation]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = fuel
    clad_blocks = clad
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = 'layered2D_mesh'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0.05'
    end_point = '0 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 1
  dtmin = 1e-1
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
  [mass_fraction]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
    create_final_symlink = true
  []
[]

(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon_translated.i)


initial_fuel_density = 10431.0

[GlobalParams]
  density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temperature
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh_1]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = '10'
    show_info = true
  []
  [translate_1]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '1 0 0'
    input = layered2D_mesh_1
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [burnup]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 100'
    y = '0 15000'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_fuel'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
      [clad_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_clad'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [burnup]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = burnup
    function = burnup_function
    execute_on = 'nonlinear'
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact_right]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
[]

[Contact]
  [pellet_clad_mechanical_right]
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [righthand_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '20 15 12'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [righthand_no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10016'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [righthand_no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10013 10015'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x_1
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y_1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [righthand_fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
    axial_relocation_object = righthand_axial_relocation
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_clad'
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_clad'
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_clad'
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
    strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_clad'
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
[]

[AxialRelocation]
  [righthand]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = 'righthand_fuel'
    clad_blocks = 'righthand_clad'
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
    translation_vector = '1 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = '10'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [righthand_mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '1 0 0.05'
    end_point = '1 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = righthand_layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 1
  dtmin = 1e-1
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
  [mass_fraction]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
    create_final_symlink = true
  []
[]

(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/twin_balloon/twin_balloon.i)


initial_fuel_density = 10431.0

[GlobalParams]
  density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temperature
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [burnup]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 100'
    y = '0 15000'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x)) * abs(sin(2 * pi * z / 3.6))'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x)) * abs(sin(2 * pi * z / 3.6))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = fuel
        eigenstrain_names = 'axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [burnup]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = burnup
    function = burnup_function
    execute_on = 'nonlinear'
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
[]

[Contact]
  [pellet_clad_mechanical]
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10000 10006'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10000 10003 10005'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '5'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x
  []
  [inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '5'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = fuel
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = clad
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = clad
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = fuel
    strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = clad
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
[]

[AxialRelocation]
  [relo]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = fuel
    clad_blocks = clad
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0.05'
    end_point = '0 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 1
  dtmin = 1e-1
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
  [mass_fraction]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
    create_final_symlink = true
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/side_average_value.i)

#
# The mesh contains two slices of cladding of height 10e-3.
# Temperature is set to 10 and 90 on the two slices.
# The average temperature is (10*10e-3 + 90*10e-3)/(10e-3+10e0-3) = 50.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 2
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_thickness = 0.57e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.08e-3
    fuel_height = 20e-3
    include_plenum = false
    include_fuel = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0041
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_fuel = false
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_func]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0.005 0.015'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '0 0 10 90'
    axis = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp_func]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 5
    variable = temp
    function = temp_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [heat1]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    specific_heat = 1.0
    thermal_conductivity = 100000000.0
  []
  [density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = clad
    property_name = density
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 9e-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [ave_temp]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 2
    variable = temp
    execute_on = timestep_end
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/gps_elastic_2scalar_2slice_1block.i)

#
# This test checks the generalized plane strain formulation.  The model consists
# of two layers of fuel.  One undergoes a temperature rise of 100 with
# the other seeing a temperature rise of 300.  Young's modulus is 3600, and
# Poisson's ratio is 0.2.  The thermal expansion coefficient is 1e-8.  All
# nodes are constrained against movement.
#
# With an out of plane strain of 1.5e-6 in the first layer and 4.5e-6 in the
# second layer, the stress solution is [-4.5e-3, -4.5e-3, -4.184e-15] and
# [-13.5e-3, -13.5e-3, -1.248e-14] (xx, yy, zz).
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temp
[]

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  reference_vector = 'ref'
  extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]

[Mesh]
  use_displaced_mesh = false
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    include_clad = false
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_outer_radius = 1.0
    pellet_bottom_coor = -0.5
    slices_per_block = 2
    fuel_height = 2.0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 5
  []
  [BoundingBoxNodeSet]
    type = BoundingBoxNodeSetGenerator
    bottom_left = '-2 -2 -1'
    top_right = '2 2 2'
    new_boundary = 1000
    input = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [tempFunc]
    type = PiecewiseBilinear
    x = '0 1'
    y = '0 1'
    z = '580 580 680 880'
    axis = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
    include_clad = false
    pellet_exteriors = outer
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
        add_variables = true
        add_scalar_variables = true
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        strain = small
        eigenstrain_names = eigenstrain
        block = fuel
        outputs = all
        extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz'
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [temp]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = tempFunc
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 1000
    value = 0
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 1000
    value = 0
    variable = disp_y
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    youngs_modulus = 3600
    poissons_ratio = 0.2
  []

  [thermal_strain]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = fuel
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 1e-8
    stress_free_temperature = 580
    eigenstrain_name = eigenstrain
  []

  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
    block = fuel
  []

  [thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  console = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile.i)

#
# This test compares the integrated axial profile using the LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function and the raw axial profile function.  The LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function returns values very close to 1.0 in every case, whereas the raw data may
# not be integrated accurately.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = y
    num_sectors = 10
    fuel_height = 4.0
    plenum_height = 0.2
    slices_per_block = 2
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.2
    clad_gap_width = 0.2
    clad_thickness = 0.2
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_y]
  []
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t*0.01
  []
  [zero]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0'
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=1.0, 1.0,
             if(t<=2.0, 1.0+0.05*(y-2.0),
             if(t<=3.0, 1.0+0.1*cos(pi/2.0*(y-1.0)),
             if(t<=4.0, 1.0+0.01*if(y<3,8*y-15,9.0),
             if(t<=5.0, 1.0-0.2*cos(2.5*(y-2.0))+0.5*(y-2.0)+0.04*sin(5.0),
             0)))))'
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = LayeredAxialPowerProfile
    axial_power_profile = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = zero
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = axial_profile
    function = axial_profile
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    function = raw_axial_profile
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [zero_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [zero_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [integrated_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [integrated_raw_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 5
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/thickness.i)

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  reference_vector = 'ref'
  extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
[]

[Mesh]
  # Right Center x=1 y=2
  [right]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 0.1
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'right'
    show_info = true
    portion = right_half
  []
  [rotate_right]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = ROTATE
    vector_value = '0 0 180'
    input = right
  []
  [translate_right]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '.0126 0 0'
    input = rotate_right
  []
  [no_x]
    type = SideSetsFromNormalsGenerator
    input = translate_right
    new_boundary = 'no_x'
    normals = '1 0 0'
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temperature_func]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 180'
    y = '300 1200'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temperature]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = '10 5 2'
    variable = temperature
    function = temperature_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'right_fuel'
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'right_clad'
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [right_fuel_pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = right
    translation_vector = '.0126 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'right'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/internal_volume.i)

#
# This test checks the LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor Postprocessor for a layered2D
# analysis. The mesh is a circle of fuel and two rings of cladding.  The height of
# each is 1/pi.  The initial radius of the fuel is 1.  The inner radius of the
# cladding is sqrt(2).  This gives an initial cavity volume of:
# 2(pi*2/pi) - pi*1/pi = 3.
#
# A strain of 0.2 in the yy direction is applied to the fuel.  This makes the
# fuel volume pi*1/pi*1.2 = 1.2.  The cavity volume is then 2.8.
#
# A strain of 0.1 in the yy direction is applied to the upper cladding slice.
# The cladding volume is then pi*2/pi + pi*2/pi*1.1 = 4.2.  The cavity volume
# is then 3.0.
#
# Finally, the outer radius of the fuel is displaced sqrt(1.4/1.2)-1 giving
# an outer fuel radius position of sqrt(1.4/1.2).  The fuel volume becomes
# pi*(1.4/1.2)/pi*1.2 = 1.4.  The final cavity volume is 4.2-1.4 = 2.8.
#
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_gap_width = 0.414213562
    fuel_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    plenum_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    component = 0
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel_x]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=2,0, (t-2)*0.080123449*cos(atan2(z,x)))'
  []
  [disp_fuel_z]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=2,0, (t-2)*0.080123449*sin(atan2(z,x)))'
  []
  [strain_yy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if((x^2+z^2)<1.2, if(t<=1,t*0.2,0.2), if(y>0.4,if(t<=1,0,if(t<=2,(t-1)*0.1,0.1)),0))'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = strain_yy
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel_x
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel_z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [volume]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 9
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vol_fuel]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vol_clad]
    type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    boundary = 5
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 3
  dt = 0.25
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/multi_block.i)

#
# This test checks that the Layered2D master action properly creates the strain
# calculator, scalar variables and kernels, and aux variable that groups all of
# the scalar variables into a single variable for output purposes.
#
# The simulation domain contains a single layer of fuel and cladding and one
# layer for the plenum. The fuel and cladding layer contains a circle of fuel
# with a ring of cladding and the plenum layer contains only a ring of cladding.
# The initial temperature of both the fuel and cladding is set to 300.0 K and
# is linearly increased to 500.0 K over 2 seconds.  The thermal expansion
# coefficientso are taken as constant at 10e-6 K^-1 and 5e-6 K^-1 for the fuel
# and cladding respectively.  Assuming isotropic linear thermal the calculated
# out-of-plane strain due to thermal expansion in each block is:
#
# epsilon_yy = alpha (T-T_o)
#
# where epsilon_yy is the out-of-plane strain, alpha is the thermal expansion
# coefficient, and T_o is the stress free temperature.
#
# Therefore in the fuel the out-of-plane strain is:
#
# epsilon_yy = 10.0e-6 * (500-300) = 2.0e-3.
#
# and in the cladding:
#
# epsilon_yy = 5.0e-6 * (500-300) = 1.0e-3
#
# These answers are verified by the postprocessors.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 20
    axial_direction = y
    slices_per_block = 1
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_gap_width = 0.414213562
    fuel_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    plenum_height = 0.318309886 # 1/pi
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_inner_radius = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [temp_ramp]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '0.0 300.0
               2.0 500.0'
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
        out_of_plane_direction = y
        temperature = temp
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
        strain = finite
        block = fuel
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
        out_of_plane_direction = y
        temperature = temp
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain'
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = bottom
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0.0
  []

  [temp_ramp]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = '10 2 5'
    function = temp_ramp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'fuel clad'
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [thermal_material]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0e6
    specific_heat = 1.0
    block = 'fuel clad'
  []
  [thermal_expansion_fuel]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = fuel
    temperature = temp
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 10e-6
    stress_free_temperature = 300.0
    eigenstrain_name = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
  []
  [stress_fuel]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'fuel'
  []
  [thermal_expansion_clad]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = clad
    temperature = temp
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5e-6
    stress_free_temperature = 300.0
    eigenstrain_name = 'clad_thermal_strain'
  []
  [stress_clad]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'clad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  end_time = 2.0
  dt = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [strain_yy_fuel]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = fuel
    variable = strain_yy
  []
  [strain_yy_clad]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = clad
    variable = strain_yy
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  hide = 'disp_x disp_z'
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    fuel_height = 10e-3
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(examples/axial_relocation/layered2D/single_balloon/single_balloon_two_rods.i)


initial_fuel_density = 10431.0

[GlobalParams]
  density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  temperature = temperature
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh_1]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = 10
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_1]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '1 0 0'
    input = layered2D_mesh_1
  []
  [layered2D_mesh_2]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = 36
    clad_thickness = 0.56e-3
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    fuel_height = 3.6
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0045
    name_prefix = 'lefthand'
    id_offset = 30
    # show_info = true
  []
  [translate_2]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '-1 0 0'
    input = layered2D_mesh_2
  []
  [combine]
    type = CombinerGenerator
    inputs = 'translate_1 translate_2'
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [burnup]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [strain_zz_0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [power]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 100'
    y = '0 15000'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y_1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x-1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_x_2]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * cos(atan2(y,x+1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
  [clad_displacement_function_y_2]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(atan2(y,x+1)) * sin(pi * z / 3.6)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [fuel_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_fuel'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
      [fuel_2]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'lefthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'lefthand_fuel'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
      []
      [clad_1]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'righthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'righthand_clad'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
      []
      [clad_2]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = 'lefthand_fuel_pin_geometry'
        strain = finite
        block = 'lefthand_clad'
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [burnup]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = burnup
    function = burnup_function
    execute_on = 'nonlinear'
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact_right]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
  [thermal_contact_left]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 35
    secondary = 40
    gap_conductivity = 1
  []
[]

[Contact]
  [pellet_clad_mechanical_right]
    primary = 15
    secondary = 20
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
  [pellet_clad_mechanical_left]
    primary = 35
    secondary = 40
    penalty = 1e7
    formulation = kinematic
    model = frictionless
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [righthand_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '20 15 12'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [lefthand_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '40 35 32'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1200
  []
  [righthand_no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10016'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [leftthand_no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10030 10036'
    variable = 'disp_x'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [righthand_no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10010 10013 10015'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [lefthand_no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '10030 10033 10035'
    variable = 'disp_y'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x_1
  []
  [right_inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '15'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y_1
  []
  [left_inner_clad_displacement_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '35'
    function = clad_displacement_function_x_2
  []
  [left_inner_clad_displacement_y]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '35'
    function = clad_displacement_function_y_2
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
    thermal_conductivity = 3.0
    specific_heat = 260.0
  []
  [righthand_fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_fuel'
    axial_relocation_object = righthand_axial_relocation
  []
  [lefthand_fuel_elasticity_tensor]
    type = UO2ElasticityTensor
    block = 'lefthand_fuel'
    axial_relocation_object = lefthand_axial_relocation
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    thermal_conductivity = 16.0
    specific_heat = 330.0
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_fuel lefthand_fuel'
    strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = 'righthand_clad lefthand_clad'
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
[]

[AxialRelocation]
  [righthand]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = 'righthand_fuel'
    clad_blocks = 'righthand_clad'
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_1
    translation_vector = '1 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'righthand'
    id_offset = 10
  []
  [lefthand]
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power
    formulation = layered2D
    axial_direction = z
    fuel_blocks = 'lefthand_fuel'
    clad_blocks = 'lefthand_fuel'
    contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
    out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_zz_0
    penetration_variable = penetration
    pulver_packing_fraction = 0.75
    fragment_packing_fraction = 0.75
    clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
    burnup_variable = burnup
    axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh_2
    translation_vector = '-1 0 0'
    name_prefix = 'lefthand'
    id_offset = 30
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [righthand_mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '1 0 0.05'
    end_point = '1 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = righthand_layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
  [lefthand_mass_fraction]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '-1 0 0.05'
    end_point = '-1 0 3.55'
    num_points = 36
    sort_by = z
    variable = lefthand_layered_mass_fraction
    outputs = mass_fraction
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 100
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-3
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 100.0
  dt = 1
  dtmin = 1e-1
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    output_dimension = 3
  []
  [mass_fraction]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
    create_final_symlink = true
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_init_eigenstrain.i)

# The initial stress that is provided from the plenum pressure on the fuel pellet is countered via the initial
# eigenstrain material.  The resulting strains are calculated in the initial time step behind the scenes.  The stresses
# shown are the stresses from the plenum pressure, but the strains are the results of the initial eigenstrain and the strain
# of the plenum pressure on the fuel, which should be zero in the zz directions.  The poisson's ratio is zero for the fuel and cladding
# so the stress_zz is zero as a result.  Due to the mesh, there is a shear stress that isn't accounted for correctly in this test, hence
# the initial stress passed doesn't fully account for this and the initial strain is close to, but not equal to zero.

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = z
    # num_sectors = 20
    num_sectors = 2
    slices_per_block = 1
    pellet_outer_radius = 5e-3
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.2
    fuel_height = 0.5
    # pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    # clad_mesh_density = coarse
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_c = 2
    nr_p = 1
    include_plenum = true
    plenum_height = 0.4
    include_clad = true
    clad_gap_width = .1
    clad_thickness = 1e-3
  []
  partitioner = centroid
  centroid_partitioner_direction = z
  patch_update_strategy = auto
[]

[Functions]
  [burnup_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 0.07
  []
  [outer_pressure_function]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '-100 10'
    y = '1.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 1000
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [thermal_contact]
    type = GasGapHeatTransfer
    variable = temperature
    primary = 5
    secondary = 10
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [outersurface_x]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = '2'
    variable = disp_x
    factor = 101325.0
    function = outer_pressure_function
  []
  [outersurface_y]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = '2'
    variable = disp_y
    factor = 101325.0
    function = outer_pressure_function
  []
  [outer_temperature]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = '2'
    variable = temperature
    value = 273
  []
  [no_x_all]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = '5 2 left' #Holds fuel center in place
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y_all]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '5 2 bottom' #Holds fuel center in place
    value = 0.0
  []
  [temp_bc]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = '10 5 left bottom'
    value = 1000
  []
  [PlenumPressure]
    [plenumPressure]
      boundary = '8 7'
      startup_time = -1
      initial_pressure = 4.0e6
      initial_temperature = 1000
      R = 8.3143
      displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
      temperature = plenum_temp # coupling to post processor to get gas temperature approximation
      volume = gas_volume # coupling to post processor to get gas volume
    []
  []
[]

[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
  [plenum_temp]
    boundary = 5
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    out_of_plane_strain = strain_zz
    axial_direction = z
    inner_surfaces = '5'
    outer_surfaces = '10'
    temperature = temperature
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [gps_fuel]
        block = fuel
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy strain_xx strain_yy '
        automatic_eigenstrain_names = true
        initial_eigenstrain_name = 'ini_stress'
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
      [gps_clad]
        add_scalar_variables = true
        add_variables = true
        out_of_plane_direction = z
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        strain = finite
        block = clad
        decomposition_method = EigenSolution
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = fuel
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    youngs_modulus = 2e11
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    block = fuel
    initial_stress = '-4e6 1.090376e-06 0 1.090376e-06 -4e6 0 0 0 0' # Not the correct shear stresses
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = fuel
  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = fuel
    strain_free_density = 10431.0
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = clad
    strain_free_density = 6551.0
  []
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = clad
    youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = clad
  []
  [clad_thermal]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    block = clad
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    specific_heat = 1.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [stress_xx]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = stress_xx
    elementid =8
  []
  [strain_xx]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = strain_xx
    elementid =8
  []

  [strain_yy]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    variable = strain_yy
    elementid =8
  []

  [gas_volume]
    type = InternalVolume
    boundary = '9'
    execute_on = 'initial linear'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  automatic_scaling = true
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 100
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-6
  start_time = -.1
  n_startup_steps = 1
  dt = .1
  end_time = .2
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 4
  []
  [chkfile]
    type = CSV
    hide = 'plenum_temp gas_volume'
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered_axial_profile_nonuniform.i)

#
# This test compares the integrated axial profile using the LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function and the raw axial profile function.  The LayeredAxialPowerProfile
# function returns values very close to 1.0 in every case, whereas the raw data may
# not be integrated accurately.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = SECOND
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    axial_direction = y
    uniform_slice_heights = false
    slice_heights = '0.25 0.5 1.25 2.0 0.2'
    slices_per_block = 4
    num_sectors = 10
    plenum_height = 0.2
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.2
    clad_gap_width = 0.2
    clad_thickness = 0.2
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_y]
  []
  [strain_yy]
  []
  [axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [disp_fuel]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t*0.01
  []
  [zero]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0'
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<=1.0, 1.0,
             if(t<=2.0, 1.0+0.05*(y-2.0),
             if(t<=3.0, 1.0+0.1*cos(pi/2.0*(y-1.0)),
             if(t<=4.0, 1.0+0.01*if(y<3,8*y-15,9.0),
             if(t<=5.0, 1.0-0.2*cos(2.5*(y-2.0))+0.5*(y-2.0)+0.04*sin(5.0),
             0)))))'
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = LayeredAxialPowerProfile
    axial_power_profile = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    out_of_plane_direction = y
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [strain_yy]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = strain_yy
    function = zero
  []
  [axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = axial_profile
    function = axial_profile
  []
  [raw_axial_profile]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    function = raw_axial_profile
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [zero_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [zero_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = bottom
    function = zero
  []
  [clad_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [clad_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 5
    value = 0
  []
  [fuel_x]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
  [fuel_z]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 10
    function = disp_fuel
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 10
    poissons_ratio = 0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputePlaneIncrementalStrain
    out_of_plane_direction = y
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [integrated_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [integrated_raw_axial_profile]
    type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
    boundary = 8
    variable = raw_axial_profile
    fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  l_max_its = 50
  l_tol = 8e-3
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 5
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/radial_power_factor/offset.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    #pellet_mesh_density = medium
    include_plenum = false
    include_clad = false
    fuel_height = 10e-3
    pellet_outer_radius = 0.0041
    axial_direction = z
  []
  [translate]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = mesh
    transform = translate
    vector_value = '0.0041 0.00205 0'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Functions]
  [power_profile]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 20674.327326148894
  []
  [axial_peaking_factors]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1.0
  []
[]

[Burnup]
  [burnup]
    block = fuel
    rod_ave_lin_pow = power_profile
    axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
    num_radial = 80
    num_axial = 20
    a_upper = 10e-3
    a_lower = 0.0
    fuel_inner_radius = 0.0
    fuel_outer_radius = 0.0041
    fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
    axial_direction = z
    offset = '0.0041 0.00205 0'
    RPF = RPF
    N235 = N235
    N236 = N236
    N238 = N238
    N239 = N239
    N240 = N240
    N241 = N241
    N242 = N242
    density = 10421.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  # time control
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 1e8
  dtmax = 1e6

  # direct control of time steps vs time (optional)
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1.0
    optimal_iterations = 20
    iteration_window = 4
    linear_iteration_ratio = 100
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [radialProfile]
    type = RadialProfile
    burnup_function = burnup
    quantity = 'fission_rate RPF burnup'
    height = 10e-3
    execute_on = timestep_end
    outputs = 'radialProfile'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [radialProfile]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/fuel_pin_geometry.i)

# This test is to check the Layered2DFuelPinGeometry output.  The output
# is printed to the console prior to any iterations.

[Mesh]
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 20
    fuel_height = 0.63661977236 # 2 / pi
    plenum_height = 0.3183098861837907 # 1 / pi
    slices_per_block = 2
    pellet_outer_radius = 1
    pellet_inner_radius = 0.5
    clad_gap_width = 0.4142135623730950488
    clad_thickness = 1
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
    nr_p = 2
    nr_c = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 9
    value = 100
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 2
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/layered2D/layered2D_non_uniform_mesh.i)

[Mesh]
  [l2Dmg]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    slices_per_block = '2'
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
    pellet_mesh_density = coarse
    clad_mesh_density = coarse
    include_plenum = false
    slice_heights = '10e-3 25e-3'
    uniform_slice_heights = false
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/fuelrodlinevaluesampler/chk_layered2D_mesh.i)

#
# Mesh checking that FuelRodLineValueSampler fails when supplied with a
# Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
#

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  slice_heights = '1.0'
  volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]

[Mesh]
  coord_type = RZ
  [layered2D_mesh]
    type = Layered2DMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    uniform_slice_heights = false
    slices_per_block = '1'
    include_fuel = false
    include_clad = true
    include_plenum = false
    pellet_bottom_coor = 0
    pellet_outer_radius = '1.0'
    clad_gap_width = 0.0
    clad_thickness = 0.3
    pellet_mesh_density = customize
    clad_mesh_density = customize
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [clad_inner_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 2.0
  []
  [clad_outer_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [Pressure]
    [inner_pressure]
      boundary = 2
      factor = 1.0
      function = clad_inner_pressure
    []
  []
  [Pressure]
    [outer_pressure]
      boundary = 5
      factor = 1.0
      function = clad_outer_pressure
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pin_geometry]
    type = Layered2DFuelPinGeometry
    include_clad = true
    include_fuel = false
    mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [Layered2D]
      [clad]
        add_variables = true
        add_scalar_variables = true
        out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_zz
        fuel_pin_geometry = pin_geometry
        block = clad
        out_of_plane_pressure_function = 0.0
        strain = finite
        generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_zz'
        mesh_generator = layered2D_mesh
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [clad_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'clad'
    youngs_modulus = 1e6
    poissons_ratio = 0.25
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 'clad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8

  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [max_stress_xx]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [max_stress_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [min_stress_xx]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_xx
    value_type = min
  []
  [min_stress_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = stress_zz
    value_type = min
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [clad_stress_xx]
    type = FuelRodLineValueSampler
    variable = stress_xx
    material = 'clad'
    fraction = 0.5
    num_points = 10
    orientation = 'horizontal'
    fuel_pin_geometry = 'pin_geometry'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

Description
Example Input Syntax
Multiple Fuel Rods
Input Parameters
Input Files
References