U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain

Computes a swelling increment due to solid and gaseous swelling in U10Mo.

Description

U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain is used to model gaseous and solid fission product-induced swelling in U-10Mo fuel. Two options are available.

Automatic differentiation (AD) version is also available by adding the prefix AD to the name for the "type" parameter.

The USHPRR option is based on p. 169 of Rabin et al. (2020). Solid fission product swelling strain, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ebd8f224-d997-4334-8dc3-25b099b702fe");katex.render("\\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_s", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ad90ebef-32e4-4991-ad23-9372a6a8a6d7");katex.render(" \\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_s = 4\\times 10^{-29} f_d", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});$ where $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-54c3c348-6674-4b95-9656-4634d5392ae5");katex.render("f_d", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is the fission density (fissions/m $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ad5ba2c0-0ea6-4673-a6e8-22491413f039");katex.render("^3", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ ).
The gaseous fission product swelling strain, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-e9949cee-3324-45cf-9ddb-d0b7f8c2ad27");katex.render("\\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_s", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is calculated according to $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-3c072a2f-834d-495e-837e-4dceccafb6df");katex.render(" \\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_g = 6.13\\times 10^{-57} f_d^2", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});$

The Rest option is taken from Rest et al. (2006). Solid fission product swelling strain, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-afe78662-5f17-49c1-9048-ed834557bb99");katex.render("\\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_s", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is modeled according to
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-fefb301e-8a9b-4667-8c90-248ed759808b");katex.render(" \\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_s = 3.5\\times 10^{-29} f_d,", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});$
where $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ba2d8f7c-3716-4e24-a7ef-06efd735d342");katex.render("f_d", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is the fission density (m $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-fd981db8-4113-4346-adcf-0ac50f651521");katex.render("^{-3}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ ).
The gaseous fission product swelling strain, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-d269ec81-48ac-4bd4-958f-072e773a8af7");katex.render("\\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_g", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is calculated according to
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-5b982346-fb88-4abe-afbc-00c8bfe2a462");katex.render("\\begin{aligned} \\left(\\frac{\\Delta V}{V_0}\\right)_g & = \\begin{cases} 1.8\\times10^{-29} f_d, & f_d \\le 3\\times10^{27} \\\\ 0.054 + 2.1\\times10^{-23} f_* + 4.3\\times10^{-45} f_*^2, & 3\\times10^{27} < f_d \\end{cases}, \\\\ f_* &= 10^{-6} (f_d - 3\\times10^{27}), \\\\ \\end{aligned}", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});$
These correlations were developed based on data with fission densities up to $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-30cd5a0d-c234-4ac9-ba93-abe904acd67e");katex.render("6.5\\times10^{27}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ fissions m $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-9118c242-acf3-4617-aa04-12e73b4ea882");katex.render("^{-3}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ .

Example Input Syntax

[Materials<<<{"href": "../../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain<<<{"description": "Computes a swelling increment due to solid and gaseous swelling in U10Mo.", "href": "U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain.html"}>>>
    eigenstrain_name<<<{"description": "Material property name for the eigenstrain tensor computed by this model. IMPORTANT: The name of this property must also be provided to the strain calculator."}>>> = swelling_strain
    fission_density<<<{"description": "Fission density material property name."}>>> = fission_density
  []
[]

[Materials<<<{"href": "../../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain<<<{"description": "Computes a swelling increment due to solid and gaseous swelling in U10Mo.", "href": "U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain.html"}>>>
    eigenstrain_name<<<{"description": "Material property name for the eigenstrain tensor computed by this model. IMPORTANT: The name of this property must also be provided to the strain calculator."}>>> = swelling_strain
    swelling_model<<<{"description": "The model to use for volumetric swelling: USHPRR Rest"}>>> = Rest
  []
[]

Input Parameters

eigenstrain_nameMaterial property name for the eigenstrain tensor computed by this model. IMPORTANT: The name of this property must also be provided to the strain calculator.
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:Material property name for the eigenstrain tensor computed by this model. IMPORTANT: The name of this property must also be provided to the strain calculator.

Required Parameters

base_nameOptional parameter that allows the user to define multiple mechanics material systems on the same block, i.e. for multiple phases
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:Optional parameter that allows the user to define multiple mechanics material systems on the same block, i.e. for multiple phases
blockThe list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
boundaryThe list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
C++ Type:std::vector<BoundaryName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
computeTrueWhen false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the MaterialBase via MaterialBasePropertyInterface::getMaterialBase(). Non-computed MaterialBases are not sorted for dependencies.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:When false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the MaterialBase via MaterialBasePropertyInterface::getMaterialBase(). Non-computed MaterialBases are not sorted for dependencies.
constant_onNONEWhen ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
Default:NONE
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:NONE, ELEMENT, SUBDOMAIN
Controllable:No
Description:When ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
declare_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
fission_densityfission_densityFission density material property name.
Default:fission_density
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Fission density material property name.
gas_scale_factor1Scalar multiplier to apply to gas swelling.
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Scalar multiplier to apply to gas swelling.
porosity0Initial porosity.
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Initial porosity.
solid_scale_factor1Scalar multiplier to apply to solid swelling.
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Scalar multiplier to apply to solid swelling.
swelling_modelUSHPRRThe model to use for volumetric swelling: USHPRR Rest
Default:USHPRR
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:USHPRR, Rest
Controllable:No
Description:The model to use for volumetric swelling: USHPRR Rest

Optional Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Advanced Parameters

output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
outputsnone Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Default:none
C++ Type:std::vector<OutputName>
Controllable:No
Description:Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object

Outputs Parameters

prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.

Material Property Retrieval Parameters

Input Files

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Solid_Swelling_2D.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_USHPRR.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Gas_Swelling_2D.i)
(examples/plate_fuel/plate_fuel_hypre.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Total_Swelling_3D.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_USHPRR.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Gas_Swelling_2D.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Total_Swelling_3D.i)
(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Solid_Swelling_2D.i)

References

B. Rabin, M. Meyer, J. Cole, I. Glagolenko, W. Jones, J-F. Jue, D. Keiser Jr, C. Miller, G. Moore, H. Ozaltun, F. Rice, A. Robinson, J. Smith, D. Wachs, W. Williams, N. Woolstenhulme, G. Hofman, and Y. Kim. Preliminary report on U-Mo monolithic fuel for research reactors. Technical Report INL EXT-17-40975, Idaho National Laboratory, 4 2020.

@techreport{EXT-17-40975R4,
    author = "Rabin, B. and Meyer, M. and Cole, J. and Glagolenko, I. and Jones, W. and Jue, J-F. and Jr, D. Keiser and Miller, C. and Moore, G. and Ozaltun, H. and Rice, F. and Robinson, A. and Smith, J. and Wachs, D. and Williams, W. and Woolstenhulme, N. and Hofman, G. and Kim, Y.",
    title = "Preliminary Report on {U-Mo} Monolithic Fuel for Research Reactors",
    institution = "Idaho National Laboratory",
    number = "INL EXT-17-40975",
    month = "4",
    year = "2020"
}

J. Rest, Y. S. Kim, G. L. Hofman, M. K. Meyer, and S. L. Hayes. U-Mo Fuels Handbook Version 1.0. Technical Report ANL-09/31, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2006. doi:10.2172/1335129.

@techreport{rest_2006,
    author = "Rest, J. and Kim, Y. S. and Hofman, G. L. and Meyer, M. K. and Hayes, S. L.",
    address = "Argonne, Illinois",
    title = "U-{Mo} {Fuels} {Handbook} {Version} 1.0",
    number = "ANL-09/31",
    institution = "Argonne National Laboratory",
    month = "June",
    year = "2006",
    doi = "10.2172/1335129"
}

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_USHPRR.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  use_displaced_mesh = false
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = SMALL
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    fission_density = fission_density
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Total_Swelling_3D.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission
# density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    elem_type = PRISM15
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 1
    nz = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_z]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Solid_Swelling_2D.i)

# This test checks the solid swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the solid swelling strain output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission
# density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = RZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    elem_type = QUAD8
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'r0 delta_r h0 delta_h'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1 disp_y_avg'
    expression = '((r0 + delta_r) * (r0 + delta_r) * (h0 + delta_h) - r0 * r0 * h0) / (r0 * r0 * h0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    gas_scale_factor = 0
    solid_scale_factor = 1
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_USHPRR.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  use_displaced_mesh = false
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = SMALL
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    fission_density = fission_density
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Gas_Swelling_2D.i)

# This test checks the gas swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the gas swelling strain output by the U10MoSwelling block to the strain
# based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = RZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    elem_type = QUAD8
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'r0 delta_r h0 delta_h'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1 disp_y_avg'
    expression = '((r0 + delta_r) * (r0 + delta_r) * (h0 + delta_h) - r0 * r0 * h0) / (r0 * r0 * h0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    gas_scale_factor = 1
    solid_scale_factor = 0
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(examples/plate_fuel/plate_fuel_hypre.i)

#
# Plate fuel example problem.
#

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  volumetric_locking_correction = false
[]

[Mesh]
  coord_type = XYZ
  [plate]
    type = PlateMeshGenerator
    fuel_dimensions = '82.550e-3 19.050e-3 0.216e-3'
    liner_thickness = 0.025e-3
    cladding_thicknesses = '9.4615e-3 9.4615e-3 3.175e-3 3.175e-3 0.489e-3 0.489e-3'
    number_fuel_elements = '25 15 3'
    number_cladding_elements = '4 4 3 3 4 4'
    ### For a more refined mesh (40 processors):
    # number_fuel_elements = '108 30 5'
    # number_cladding_elements = '15 15 5 5 8 8'
    ###
    number_liner_elements = 1
  []
  [translate_to_origin]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = plate
    transform = translate_min_origin
  []
  [add_nodesets]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    input = translate_to_origin
    coord = '0 0 0; 0.101473 0 0; 0.101473 0.0254 0'
    new_boundary = 'left_bottom_back right_bottom_back right_top_back'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  reference_vector = ref
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  group_variables = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Functions]
  [fission_density_fcn] # fis/m3
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'average_fission_density.csv'
    scale_factor = 1e27
    format = columns
  []
  [fluence_fcn] # n/m2
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'FLUENCE.csv'
    scale_factor = 1
    format = columns
  []
  [power_density]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'POWER_DENSITY.csv' # W/cm3 to W/m3
    scale_factor = 1e6
    format = columns
  []
  [L2AR]
    type = ParsedFunction
    # fissprof_l2ar is the distribution from the L2AR tab: L2AR_ABAQUS at cell R64
    symbol_names = 'x_offset y_offset'
    symbol_values = '9.4615e-3 3.175e-3'
    expression = 'x0 := x-x_offset;
             y0 := y-y_offset;
             (4.669e-10*x0^5 - 8.657e-8*x0^4 + 5.877e-6*x0^3 - 0.0001962*x0^2 + 0.004373*x0 + 0.9446) * (5.047e-7*y0^6 - 2.974e-05*y0^5 + 0.0006881*y0^4 - 0.007883*y0^3 + 0.04726*y0^2 - 0.1458*y0 + 1.152)'
  []
  [power_history]
    type = CompositeFunction
    functions = 'power_density L2AR'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 294
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_ie]
    type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = HeatSource
    block = fuel
    function = power_history
    variable = temperature
    extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  strain = FINITE
  temperature = temperature
  generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
                     hydrostatic_stress elastic_strain_xx elastic_strain_yy
                     elastic_strain_zz strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz'
  [fuel_mechanics]
    block = fuel
    eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain'
    extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
  []
  [clad_mechanics]
    block = cladding
    eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain'
    extra_vector_tags = ref
  []
  [liner_mechanics]
    block = liner
    eigenstrain_names = 'liner_thermal_strain'
    extra_vector_tags = ref
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [conv_BC_front]
    type = ConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = front
    T_infinity = 'tfilm_outer' # film temperature
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 'htc_outer'
    heat_transfer_coefficient_dT = 'dhtc_dT_outer'
  []
  [conv_BC_back]
    type = ConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = back
    T_infinity = 'tfilm_inner' # film temperature
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 'htc_inner'
    heat_transfer_coefficient_dT = 'dhtc_dT_inner'
  []
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'left_bottom_back'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'left_bottom_back right_bottom_back'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 'left_bottom_back right_bottom_back right_top_back'
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = fission_density_fcn
  []
  [fluence]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fast_neutron_fluence
    prop_values = fluence_fcn
    outputs = all
  []
  [tfilm_inner]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = tfilm_inner
    coupled_variables = temperature
    expression = '325.15'
  []
  [htc_inner]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = htc_inner
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-3.3647*temperature^2 + 2744.5*temperature - 454016.0'
  []
  [dhtc_dT_inner]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = dhtc_dT_inner
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-6.7294*temperature + 2744.5'
  []
  [tfilm_outer]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = tfilm_outer
    coupled_variables = temperature
    expression = '325.15'
  []
  [htc_outer]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = htc_outer
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-2.8992*temperature^2 + 2354.8*temperature - 387945.0'
  []
  [dhtc_dT_outer]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    property_name = dhtc_dT_outer
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-5.7984*temperature + 2354.8'
  []
  # fuel properties
  [fuel_thermal]
    type = U10MoThermal
    block = fuel
    temperature = temperature
    thermal_conductivity_model = USHPRR
    specific_heat_model = USHPRR
  []
  [fuel_elasticity]
    type = U10MoElasticityTensor
    block = fuel
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [fuel_thermal_expansion]
    type = U10MoThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = fuel
    temperature = temperature
    eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
    stress_free_temperature = 298
    model_option = Rest
  []
  [fuel_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = fuel
  []
  #  [fuel_swelling]
  #    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
  #    eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
  #    fission_rate = 0
  #  []
  [fuel_density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = fuel
    property_name = density
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-0.884*temperature + 17391.0'
    outputs = exodus
  []
  # liner properties
  [liner_thermal]
    type = ZrThermal
    block = liner
    temperature = temperature
    thermal_conductivity_model = USHPRR
    specific_heat_model = USHPRR
  []
  [liner_elasticity]
    type = ZrElasticityTensor
    block = liner
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [liner_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = liner
  []
  [liner_thermal_expansion]
    type = ZrThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = liner
    temperature = temperature
    eigenstrain_name = liner_thermal_strain
    stress_free_temperature = 293.0
    model_option = ASM
  []
  [liner_density]
    type = StrainAdjustedDensity
    block = liner
    strain_free_density = 6499.0 # 6.499e-9 ton/mm3
    outputs = exodus
  []
  # cladding properties
  [clad_thermal]
    type = Al6061Thermal
    temperature = temperature
    block = cladding
    thermal_conductivity_model = T6
    specific_heat_model = ASM
  []
  [clad_elasticity]
    type = Al6061ElasticityTensor
    block = cladding
    temperature = temperature
    fast_neutron_fluence = 0
    youngs_modulus_model = Kaufman
  []
  [clad_thermal_expansion]
    type = Al6061ThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    stress_free_temperature = 293.15
    temperature = temperature
    eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
    block = cladding
  []
  [clad_stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = cladding
  []
  [clad_density]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    block = cladding
    property_name = density
    coupled_variables = 'temperature'
    expression = '-0.0003*temperature^2 + 0.0966*temperature + 2690.4'
    outputs = exodus
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'Newton'

  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -pc_hypre_boomeramg_max_iter'
  petsc_options_value = '201                hypre    boomeramg      4'
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  #petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  line_search = 'none'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 50

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 4586400
  num_steps = 2500

  dtmax = 86400

  [Predictor]
    type = SimplePredictor
    scale = 1
  []

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1800
    optimal_iterations = 12
    iteration_window = 2
    growth_factor = 2
    cutback_factor = .5
    timestep_limiting_function = power_density
    force_step_every_function_point = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [average_fuel_T]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = fuel
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [fuelVolume]
    type = InternalVolume
    boundary = fuel_all
  []
  [totalVolume]
    type = InternalVolume
    boundary = all
  []
  [power_history]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = power_history
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/U10Mo_Total_Swelling_3D.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission
# density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    elem_type = PRISM15
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 1
    nz = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_z]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = U10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_USHPRR.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  use_displaced_mesh = false
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = SMALL
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
    use_automatic_differentiation = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = ADGenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = ADU10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    fission_density = fission_density
  []
  [stress]
    type = ADComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end nonlinear'
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Gas_Swelling_2D.i)

# This test checks the gas swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the gas swelling strain output by the U10MoSwelling block to the strain
# based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = RZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    elem_type = QUAD8
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'r0 delta_r h0 delta_h'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1 disp_y_avg'
    expression = '((r0 + delta_r) * (r0 + delta_r) * (h0 + delta_h) - r0 * r0 * h0) / (r0 * r0 * h0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
    use_automatic_differentiation = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = ADGenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = ADU10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    gas_scale_factor = 1
    solid_scale_factor = 0
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ADComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Total_Swelling_3D.i)

# This test checks the swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the swelling strains output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission
# density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = XYZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    elem_type = PRISM15
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 1
    nz = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'x0 dx         y0 dy         z0 dz'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1  disp_y_avg 1  disp_z_avg'
    expression = '((x0 + dx) * (y0 + dy) * (z0 + dz) - x0 * y0 * z0) / (x0 * y0 * z0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_z]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
    use_automatic_differentiation = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_z]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = back
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = ADGenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = ADU10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ADComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_z_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = front
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

(test/tests/solid_mechanics/u10mo_swelling/ad_U10Mo_Solid_Swelling_2D.i)

# This test checks the solid swelling strain for U-10Mo.

# It compares the solid swelling strain output by the U10MoSwelling block to the
# strain based on the displacements. It also checks the calculated fission
# density.

[Problem]
  type = ReferenceResidualProblem
  extra_tag_vectors = ref
  reference_vector = ref
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
  coord_type = RZ
  [block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    elem_type = QUAD8
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    ny = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f_strain]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'r0 delta_r h0 delta_h'
    symbol_values = '1  disp_x_avg 1 disp_y_avg'
    expression = '((r0 + delta_r) * (r0 + delta_r) * (h0 + delta_h) - r0 * r0 * h0) / (r0 * r0 * h0)'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [disp_y]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  [all]
    strain = FINITE
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    eigenstrain_names = 'swelling_strain'
    use_automatic_differentiation = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [solid_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fission_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [aux_solid_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = solid_strain_material
    property = solid_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_gas_strain_material]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = gas_strain_material
    property = gas_swelling_strain
  []
  [aux_fission_density]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = fission_density
    property = fission_density
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_disp_x]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
  []
  [bc_disp_y]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [fission_density]
    type = ADGenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = fission_density
    prop_values = '1e27*t'
  []
  [U10MoSwelling]
    type = ADU10MoVolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
    eigenstrain_name = swelling_strain
    gas_scale_factor = 0
    solid_scale_factor = 1
    swelling_model = Rest
  []
  [stress]
    type = ADComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
  []
  [elasticity]
    type = ADComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 84e9
    poissons_ratio = 0.35
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  line_search = none
  l_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 1
  end_time = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 3 4 5 6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [disp_x_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = right
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [disp_y_avg]
    type = AverageNodalVariableValue
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = top
    execute_on = NONLINEAR
  []
  [solid_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = solid_strain_material
  []
  [gas_strain_material]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = gas_strain_material
  []
  [total_strain_function]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = f_strain
  []
  [fission_density]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = fission_density
  []
[]

Description
Example Input Syntax
Input Parameters
Input Files
References