- temperatureCoupled temperature
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Coupled temperature
HighBurnupStructureFormation
Computes the local volume fraction of high burnup structure (HBS) as a function of burnup and temperature.
Description
The HighBurnupStructureFormation model computes the local volume fraction of high burnup structure (HBS) in UO as a function of burnup (or effective burnup) and temperature (Simon et al., 2023). It also computes the rate of change in HBS volume fraction with respect to burnup (or effective burnup).
In nuclear fuel under irradiation, in regions where substantial irradiation damage (high local burnup) is accompanied by a relatively low temperature, a dramatic change occurs to the as-fabricated microstructure. The restructuring involves the appearance of sub-micrometric grains free of extended defects and depleted of fission gas, and of micrometric gaseous pores at the grain boundaries. This phenomenon is referred to as High Burnup Structure (HBS) formation or, historically, rim effect (Barney and Wemple, 1958; Rondinella and Wiss, 2010). The latter definition relates to the fact that the restructuring in light water reactor (LWR) UO fuel starts at (and was originally thought to be limited to) the periphery of the pellet, where higher power density and burnup develop as a consequence of the fissile () concentration increase due to the capture of epithermal neutrons in the resonances of .
The formation of the HBS is gradual and depends on the local burnup and temperature. In particular, the HBS starts forming as a new phase within the regular fuel structure, with the local volume fraction of HBS progressively increasing with increasing local burnup. For example, Gerczak et al. (2018) investigated the HBS formation in UO using advanced electron microscopy techniques and focusing on the correlation between the restructuring and the spatial distribution of grain boundary misorientations. They pointed out that the HBS is predominantly defined by high-angle grain boundaries, and the presence of low-angle grain boundaries indicates an incomplete transition to the HBS. While the HBS development was complete at the pellet periphery for the analyzed sample, the presence of local "in transition" areas, corresponding to an incomplete restructuring (i.e., local volume fraction of HBS between 0 and 1) was clearly identified at intermediate radial locations (Gerczak et al., 2018).
The HighBurnupStructureFormation model computes the evolving volume fraction of restructured (HBS) fuel based on two different models from Barani et al. (2020) and Lassmann et al. (1995), which are detailed below (Simon et al., 2023). This quantity is calculated locally at each BISON engineering mesh point, which represents a region of fuel large enough to contain a statistically significant number of microstructural features. The model from Barani et al. (2020) is listed as the default (hbs_model = "JMAK_Barani"), but the user can select the Lassmann et al. (1995) HBS formation model using hbs_model = "Lassmann".
HBS formation model from Lassmann et al. (1995)
The model from Lassmann et al. describes a sudden transition to HBS when the burnup reaches a burnup threshold or around 60 to 75 MWd/kgU (Lassmann et al., 1995). The default value in BISON is set to 70 MWd/kgU, but can be selected using the threshold_burnup parameter. With this model, the HBS volume fraction ( - dimensionless) is therefore defined as
(1) where the burnup and is the burnup threshold.
The derivative of with respect to burnup is defined as 0.
HBS formation model from Barani et al. (2020)
In the model from Barani et al. (2020), the HBS volume fraction is computed as a function of the effective burnup, defined as the burnup accumulated below a threshold temperature for thermal annealing of defects. The effective burnup is calculated as:
(2)
where is the Heaviside step function, the absolute temperature, the threshold temperature, and the burnup. The considered threshold temperature is 1273.15 K.
The volume fraction of HBS is calculated using the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) formalism for phase transformations. The original KJMA formulation reads (Kolmogorov, 1937)
(3)
where is the volume fraction of the new phase, the transformation rate constant, the time and the so-called Avrami constant.
The specific expression proposed in Barani et al. (2020) to describe HBS formation considers the effective burnup in place of the time and values for the constants based on fitting to experimental data for the restructured volume fraction derived from Noirot et al. (2015) and Gerczak et al. (2018). The expression implemented in BISON reads:
(4)
where (dimensionless) is the volume fraction of HBS and (MWd/kg) the effective burnup (Eq. (2)). Eq. (4) corresponds to the model proposed in Barani et al. (2020) with modified coefficients based on a later development.
commentnote
Note that the values used in BISON differ slightly from the values listed in Barani et al. (2020) ( and ). The values used in BISON better fit the data. It is believed that the values provided in Barani et al. (2020) could have been a typo given that the results shown in Fig. 4 from Barani et al. (2020) correspond to the model with the BISON parameters.
The volume fraction of HBS as a function of the effective burnup according to Eq. (4) and the available experimental data are illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Volume fraction of HBS as a function of the effective burnup according to the model implemented in BISON and based on Barani et al. (2020). Experimental data derived from Noirot et al. (2015) and Gerczak et al. (2018) in Barani et al. (2020) and used for model fitting are also shown.
The derivative of as a function of the effective burnup is given by (5)
Example Input Syntax
[Materials<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Materials/index.html"}>>>]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation<<<{"description": "Computes the local volume fraction of high burnup structure (HBS) as a function of burnup and temperature.", "href": "HighBurnupStructureFormation.html"}>>>
block<<<{"description": "The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied"}>>> = 0
temperature<<<{"description": "Coupled temperature"}>>> = temperature
burnup<<<{"description": "Coupled burnup"}>>> = burnup
threshold_temperature<<<{"description": "Threshold temperature for effective burnup calculation in K for the `JMAK_Barani` model"}>>> = 1273.15 # default
energy_per_fission<<<{"description": "Energy released per fission in J/fission"}>>> = 3.28451e-11 # default
output_properties<<<{"description": "List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)"}>>> = 'hbs_volume_fraction hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate'
outputs<<<{"description": "Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object"}>>> = 'all'
[]
[]Input Parameters
- blockThe list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
- boundaryThe list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
C++ Type:std::vector<BoundaryName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of boundaries (ids or names) from the mesh where this object applies
- burnupCoupled burnup
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Coupled burnup
- burnup_functionBurnup function
C++ Type:BurnupFunctionName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Burnup function
- computeTrueWhen false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the MaterialBase via MaterialBasePropertyInterface::getMaterialBase(). Non-computed MaterialBases are not sorted for dependencies.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:When false, MOOSE will not call compute methods on this material. The user must call computeProperties() after retrieving the MaterialBase via MaterialBasePropertyInterface::getMaterialBase(). Non-computed MaterialBases are not sorted for dependencies.
- constant_onNONEWhen ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
Default:NONE
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:NONE, ELEMENT, SUBDOMAIN
Controllable:No
Description:When ELEMENT, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps.When SUBDOMAIN, MOOSE will only call computeQpProperties() for the 0th quadrature point, and then copy that value to the other qps. Evaluations on element qps will be skipped
- declare_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
- energy_per_fission3.28451e-11Energy released per fission in J/fission
Default:3.28451e-11
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Energy released per fission in J/fission
- hbs_model_typeJMAK_BaraniType of HBS formation model to use.
Default:JMAK_Barani
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:Lassmann, JMAK_Barani
Controllable:No
Description:Type of HBS formation model to use.
- threshold_burnup70Threshold burnup in GWd/tU and MWd/kgU for HBS formation for the `Lassmann` model (60-75 MWd/kgU)
Default:70
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Threshold burnup in GWd/tU and MWd/kgU for HBS formation for the `Lassmann` model (60-75 MWd/kgU)
- threshold_temperature1273.15Threshold temperature for effective burnup calculation in K for the `JMAK_Barani` model
Default:1273.15
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Threshold temperature for effective burnup calculation in K for the `JMAK_Barani` model
Optional Parameters
- control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
- enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
- implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
- seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
- use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Advanced Parameters
- output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
- outputsnone Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Default:none
C++ Type:std::vector<OutputName>
Controllable:No
Description:Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Outputs Parameters
- prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
- use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Material Property Retrieval Parameters
Input Files
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2_gas_communication.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part1.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/axial_relocation_eigenstrain_action_phasefield.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_phasefield.i)
- (test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1_gas_communication.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i)
- (test/tests/uo2_thermal/HBSporosity/test.i)
- (test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_Lassmann.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1.i)
- (test/tests/uo2_thermal/HBSporosity/ad_test.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield2.i)
- (test/tests/sifgrs/uo2/polypole2_hbs.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_phasefield2.i)
- (test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR.i)
- (test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part2.i)
- (test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_varying_temperature.i)
- (test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_constant_temperature.i)
- (assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part3_gas_communication.i)
- (test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/uo2_pulverization_transient_FGR_1D.i)
References
- T. Barani, D. Pizzocri, F. Cappia, L. Luzzi, G. Pastore, and P. Van Uffelen.
Modeling high burnup structure in oxide fuels for application to fuel performance codes. part I: High burnup structure formation.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 539:152296, 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152296.[BibTeX]
@article{barani2020_hbs, author = "Barani, T. and Pizzocri, D. and Cappia, F. and Luzzi, L. and Pastore, G. and Uffelen, P. Van", title = "Modeling high burnup structure in oxide fuels for application to fuel performance codes. part {I: H}igh burnup structure formation", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials", volume = "539", pages = "152296", doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152296", year = "2020" } - W. Barney and B. Wemple.
Metallography of UO$_2$-containing fuel elements.
Technical Report KAPL-1836, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, USA, 1958.[BibTeX]
@techreport{barney1958, author = "Barney, W. and Wemple, B.", address = "USA", institution = "Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory", number = "KAPL-1836", title = "Metallography of {UO$\_2$}-Containing Fuel Elements", year = "1958" } - T.J. Gerczak, C.M. Parish, P.D. Edmondson, C.A. Baldwin, and K.A. Terrani.
Restructuring in high burnup UO$_2$ studied using modern electron microscopy.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 509:245–259, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.077.[BibTeX]
@article{gerczak2018, author = "Gerczak, T.J. and Parish, C.M. and Edmondson, P.D. and Baldwin, C.A. and Terrani, K.A.", title = "Restructuring in high burnup {UO$\_2$} studied using modern electron microscopy", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials", volume = "509", pages = "245-259", doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.05.077", year = "2018" } - A.N. Kolmogorov.
On the statistical theory of crystallization of metals.
Ser. Mat., 3:355–359, 1937.[BibTeX]
@article{kolmogorov1937, author = "Kolmogorov, A.N.", title = "On the Statistical Theory of Crystallization of Metals", journal = "Ser. Mat.", volume = "3", pages = "355-359", year = "1937" } - K. Lassmann, C.T. Walker, J. van de Laar, and F. Lindström.
Modelling the high burnup UO$_2$ structure in LWR fuel.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 226:1–8, 1995.[BibTeX]
@ARTICLE{lassmann.ea95, author = {Lassmann, K. and Walker, C.T. and van de Laar, J. and Lindstr\"om, F.}, title = "Modelling the high burnup {UO}$\_2$ structure in {LWR} fuel", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials", year = "1995", volume = "226", pages = "1-8" } - J. Noirot, Y. Pontillon, S. Yagnik, and J.A. Turnbull.
Post-irradiation examinations and high-temperature tests on undoped large-grain UO$_2$ discs.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 462:77–84, 2015.
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.008.[BibTeX]
@article{noirot2015, author = "Noirot, J. and Pontillon, Y. and Yagnik, S. and Turnbull, J.A.", title = "Post-irradiation examinations and high-temperature tests on undoped large-grain {UO$\_2$} discs", journal = "Journal of Nuclear Materials", volume = "462", pages = "77-84", doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.008", year = "2015" } - V.V. Rondinella and T. Wiss.
The high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel.
Materials Today, 13(12):24–32, 2010.[BibTeX]
@ARTICLE{rondinella2010, author = "Rondinella, V.V. and Wiss, T.", title = "The high burn-up structure in nuclear fuel", journal = "Materials Today", year = "2010", volume = "13", pages = "24-32", number = "12", publisher = "Elsevier" } - Pierre-Clément A. Simon, Larry Kenneth Aagesen, Jr., Nathan Capps, Michael W. D. Cooper, Kyle A. Gamble, Logan H. Harbour, Christopher Matthews, Stephen R. Novascone, Daniel Schwen, and Brian Wirth.
Compare predictions of transient fission gas release by empirical and mechanistic models to experiments in high burnup UO$_2$ fuel.
Tech. Rep. INL/RPT-23-75026, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID United States, 9 2023.
URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2203701, doi:10.2172/2203701.[BibTeX]
@techreport{INL/RPT-23-75026, author = "Simon, Pierre-Cl\'{e}ment A. and Aagesen, Jr., Larry Kenneth and Capps, Nathan and Cooper, Michael W. D. and Gamble, Kyle A. and Harbour, Logan H. and Matthews, Christopher and Novascone, Stephen R. and Schwen, Daniel and Wirth, Brian", title = "Compare predictions of transient fission gas release by empirical and mechanistic models to experiments in high burnup {UO}$\_2$ fuel", doi = "10.2172/2203701", url = "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2203701", type = "Tech. Rep.", number = "INL/RPT-23-75026", institution = "Idaho National Laboratory", address = "Idaho Falls, ID United States", year = "2023", month = "9" }
(test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_constant_temperature.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This is a test for the high burnup structure (HBS) formation model implemented in the HighBurnupStructureFormation routine.
# The model computes the volume fraction of restructured fuel (HBS) as a function of the local effective burnup and temperature.
# The effective burnup is defined as the burnup accumulated below a threshold temperature for thermal annealing of defects.
# In this test, the temperature is kept constant below the threshold temperature of 1273.15 K. The fission rate is also constant.
#
# - Geometry: cube of 10 mm side
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1173.15 K
#
# - Fission rate = 2.e+19/m^3s
#
# - Irradiation time: 2.0e+08 s
#
# With these settings, the effective burnup coincides with the burnup and increases linearly, reaching a value of 0.1721 FIMA,
# or 165.5 MWd/kgU, at the end of the simulation at 2.0e+08 s. The calculated fraction of HBS increases monotonically, and
# takes values of 0.07727, 0.60758, 0.98035 and 0.99998 after 0.5e+08 s, 1.0e+08 s, 1.5e+08 s and 2.0e+08 s, respectively.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 3
nx = 1
ny = 1
nz = 1
xmin = 0.
xmax = 0.01
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
zmin = 0.0
zmax = 0.01
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '1173.15 1173.15 '
[]
[fissionrate_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '2.e+19 2.e+19'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1173.15
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
block = 0
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = fissionrate_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[brnp]
type = BurnupAux
block = 0
variable = burnup
fission_rate = fission_rate
density = 10421.5
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[bottom_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '1 2 3 4'
preset = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = 0
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # default
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate'
outputs = 'all'
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 2.e+08
dtmax = 5.e+06
dtmin = 1.
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 5.e+06
optimal_iterations = 6
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[_dt]
type = TimestepSize
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temperature
nodeid = 0
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burnup]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burnup
[]
[effective_burnup]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = effective_burnup
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 15
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part1_gas_communication_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
# initial_moles = initial_moles
# gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 172489043
end_time = 172489661
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
#axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
#hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 3.0 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
[exodus2]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_gas_part2_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint2]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
#execute_on = 'FINAL'
#create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad2/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.262416
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 200412461 200413048'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain
fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
strain_zz creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[rel]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.00039
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION'
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 199159200
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 199159200
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.9e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 199159200.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 199159200 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 200412431 # Begin Blowdown
# end_time = 200413048 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '199159200 200312431 200411431 200412431 200412461 200413048'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_9_part1_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/axial_relocation_eigenstrain_action_phasefield.i)
# This input is designed to ensure that the pulverization model is properly created through
# the axial relocation action. Given the conditions provided the layered volume of pulverized
# fuel is calculated to be 5.07594e-6 m^3. In this case the phase_field option is used with
# evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and using the 3D phase field criterion
# for pulverization.
[GlobalParams]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
clad_gap_width = 0.0
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1200
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[strain_yy_0]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*6.2857*t/4.275'
[]
[power]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 100'
y = '15000 15000'
[]
[clad_displacement_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '2.0e-5 * t * sin(pi * y / 0.5)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[gps_fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
add_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[gps_clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
add_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
block = clad
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
block = fuel
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
gap_conductivity = 1
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = DirichletBC
boundary = '10 12 5 2'
variable = temperature
value = 1200
[]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[inner_clad_displacement]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = '5'
function = clad_displacement_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = fuel
youngs_modulus = 2.e11
poissons_ratio = .345
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = fuel
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
block = clad
youngs_modulus = 7.5e10
poissons_ratio = 0.3
[]
[clad_stress]
type = ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
block = clad
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = clad
thermal_conductivity = 16.0
specific_heat = 330.0
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power
pulverization_threshold = PHASE_FIELD_3D
fission_rate = fission_rate
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy_0
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 14
dt = 2
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
hide = 'penetration'
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_phasefield.i)
# This file is to test the phase-field based pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel
# with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = false and using the 2D phase field criterion
# for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 110. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the hydrostatic stress, are used to calculate the
# critical pressure for grain boundary fracture using data from fits to phase-field
# fracture simulations. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 673.15, 673.15+(t-100)*15.5)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = false
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = UO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_2D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = GenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 110
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR.i)
# This file is to test the transient fission gas release model that accounts for
# the amount of fission gas released as a result of fuel pulverization. it is
# based on the input file called uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i, which tests the
# pulverization criteria for UO2 fuel with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and
# using the 3D phase field criterion for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 125. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. A material property uses the local pulverization to compute the
# amount of fission gas released as a results of fuel pulverization.
# This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the pulverized material property is computed, as well as
# the bubble radius and amount of fission gas in bubbles. These material property
# are then used to determine the amount of fission gas release due to pulverization.
# This amount predicted by the material block
# UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease is compared with analytical calculations
# made in the material block fission_gas_released_amount for verification.
# This input is the non-AD version.
hydrostatic_stress_constant = 1e7
[GlobalParams]
value_range_behavior = WARN
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 900, 900+(t-100)*200)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
ig_bubble_model = MECHANISTIC_AAGESEN
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
pulverization_model = true
pulverization_transient_fission_gas_release_material = UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
ig_diff_algorithm = FORMAS
hydrostatic_stress_const = ${hydrostatic_stress_constant}
igdiffcoeff_scalef_HBS = 1e24 # Ensures that all the generated fission gases diffuse from the HBS matrix to the HBS bubbles
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = UO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_3D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = GenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_density_bubble_HBS] # moles/m^3
type = ParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'rho_FG_hbs'
material_property_names = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS'
constant_names = 'Na'
constant_expressions = '6.02214076e23'
expression = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS * bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS / Na'
outputs = exodus
[]
[opened_pore_volume_fraction] # -
type = ParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'f_V_pul'
material_property_names = 'hbs_porosity bubble_radius_GB_HBS'
constant_names = 'fragment_size c_p c_r c_0'
constant_expressions = '5e-5 0.03 5.17 0.02'
expression = 'c_p * hbs_porosity + c_r * bubble_radius_GB_HBS/fragment_size + c_0'
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_released_amount_analytical] # moles/m^3
type = ParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'fis_gas_rel'
material_property_names = 'f_V_pul rho_FG_hbs pulverized'
expression = 'pulverized * f_V_pul * rho_FG_hbs'
outputs = exodus
[]
[UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease] # moles/m^3
type = UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[FG_amount_bubble_HBS]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = rho_FG_hbs
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR_analytical]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = fis_gas_rel
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_release_pulverization
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR_pps_diff_bison_analytical]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FGR_analytical
value2 = FGR
[]
[FG_pps_diff_total_released]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FG_amount_bubble_HBS
value2 = FGR
[]
[volume_domain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = 1
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[hbs_volume]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'hbs_volume volume_domain'
expression = 'hbs_volume / volume_domain'
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[pulverized_volume]
type = LayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 125
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
file_base = uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR_out
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = 0.0170917878663391
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800.0
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
# execute_on = 'FINAL'
# create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i)
# This file is to test the mesoscale-informed pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 900 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 110. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the grain boundary strength and hydrostatic stress, are
# used to calculate the critical pressure for grain boundary fracture by the
# UO2PulverizationMesoscale material. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 900, 900+(t-100)*200)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = ADUO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = ADUO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = ADGenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = ADUO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = ADHighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = Newton
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 110
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(test/tests/uo2_thermal/HBSporosity/test.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the thermal conductivity using the Halden model.
#
# The temperature is ramped on all BCs of the unit line from 500 K to 3000K over 100 Ms.
# The fission rate is 2e19 n/m3/s, so that the burnup goes from 0 to
# ~ 8.6 at.% (82 MWd/kgU) at the end of the simulation.
#
# We employ an artificial porosity shape that varies from 0.05 (initial_porosity) to around 0.13.
#
# Thermal conductivity of UO2 fuel at 95%TD is computed using the Halden UO2 thermal
# conductivity model. Two different porosity correction methods (the Kampf and Lee models)
# are employed to compute the HBS thermal conductivity.
# The BISON predictions (BISON_k) compared to the expected results (exp_k)
# are summarized (see: post_processing.py --> comparison_results.csv) as:
#
# exp_k_lee BISON_k_lee percent_error_lee exp_k_kampf BISON_k_kampf percent_error_kampf
# 1.923374665 1.923374674 -4.64E-07 1.923070652 1.92307065 8.73E-08
# 1.912817787 1.912817795 -4.58E-07 1.912332564 1.912332562 1.30E-07
# 1.903379731 1.90337974 -4.53E-07 1.902763112 1.902763108 1.61E-07
# 1.895060193 1.895060202 -4.48E-07 1.894338874 1.89433887 1.85E-07
# 1.887861419 1.887861427 -4.44E-07 1.887052808 1.887052804 2.05E-07
initial_fuel_density = 10431.0
[GlobalParams]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
[geom]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 1
elem_type= EDGE2
[]
[]
[Variables]
[T]
initial_condition = 500
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
[]
[burnup]
[]
[th_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_burnup]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = T
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = T
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = T
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
fission_rate = fission_rate
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable= fission_rate
value = 2e19 # Standard fission_rate fissions/m^3/s
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = th_cond
property = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[burnup]
type = BurnupAux
variable = burnup
density = ${initial_fuel_density} # 95% TD
fission_rate = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temp_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0.0 100.e6'
y = '500 3000'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[VariableT]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 'left right'
variable = T
function = temp_ramp
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermalUO2]
type = UO2Thermal
temperature = T
burnup = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.05
thermal_conductivity_model = HALDEN
oxy_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
Gd_content = 0.0
[]
[density]
type = ParsedMaterial
property_name = density
expression = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[HBS_volume_fraction]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
burnup = burnup
temperature = T
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
start_time = 0
num_steps = 100
dt = 1.0e6
[]
[Postprocessors]
[avg_th_cond]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = th_cond
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[average_effective_burnup]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = effective_burnup
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[average_rod_burnup]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = burnup
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fuel_T]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = T
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = 'test_default'
[]
(test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_Lassmann.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This is a test for the high burnup structure (HBS) formation model implemented in the HighBurnupStructureFormation routine.
# The model computes the volume fraction of restructured fuel (HBS) as a function of the local burnup defined in K. Lassmann
# et al., JNM 226, 1, 1995.
# In this test, the fission rate is linearly increasing with x to obtain a linearly increasing burnup and test that HBS
# formation is predicted at the desired threshold burnup.
#
# - Geometry: 1D line
#
# - 10 elements
#
# - Temperature = 1173.15 K
#
# - Fission rate = linearly increasing from 0 to 2.e+19 fission/m^3s
#
# - Irradiation time: 2.0e+08 s
#
# With these settings, the burnup and increases linearly, reaching a value of 0.1721 FIMA, or 165.5 MWd/kgU, at the end of the
# simulation at 2.0e+08 s on the right side of the domain linearly decreasing to 0 towards the left side of the domain. HBS
# formation is predicted to start from the right where the threshold burnup is reached first, and progress to the left. The
# thickness of the HBS region is governed by the threshold burnup.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 1
nx = 10
xmin = 0.
xmax = 10
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '1173.15 1173.15'
[]
[fissionrate_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 10.'
y = '0. 2.e+19'
axis = 'x'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1173.15
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
block = 0
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = fissionrate_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[brnp]
type = BurnupAux
block = 0
variable = burnup
fission_rate = fission_rate
density = 10421.5
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[bottom_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = 'left right'
preset = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = 0
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
hbs_model_type = Lassmann
threshold_burnup = 70 # default
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # default
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate'
outputs = 'all'
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 2.e+08
dtmax = 5.e+06
dtmin = 1.
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 5.e+06
optimal_iterations = 6
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[_dt]
type = TimestepSize
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temperature
nodeid = 0
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burnup]
type = SideAverageValue
boundary = right
variable = burnup
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
perf_graph = true
exodus = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 15
[]
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i)
# This file is to test the mesoscale-informed pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 900 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 110. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the grain boundary strength and hydrostatic stress, are
# used to calculate the critical pressure for grain boundary fracture by the
# UO2PulverizationMesoscale material. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 900, 900+(t-100)*200)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = UO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = GenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 110
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part1.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 295.0
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
initial_condition = 5.0e-6
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 0
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period0]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = overstrain
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
start_time = -200.0
end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 172489043 # Begin Blowdown
# end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_1'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_1'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_1'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
perf_graph = true
[exodus]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_part1_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_1]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/uo2_thermal/HBSporosity/ad_test.i)
# This test case is prepared to test the thermal conductivity using the Halden model.
#
# The temperature is ramped on all BCs of the unit line from 500 K to 3000K over 100 Ms.
# The fission rate is 2e19 n/m3/s, so that the burnup goes from 0 to
# ~ 8.6 at.% (82 MWd/kgU) at the end of the simulation.
#
# We employ an artificial porosity shape that varies from 0.05 (initial_porosity) to around 0.13.
#
# Thermal conductivity of UO2 fuel at 95%TD is computed using the Halden UO2 thermal
# conductivity model. Two different porosity correction methods (the Kampf and Lee models)
# are employed to compute the HBS thermal conductivity.
# The BISON predictions (BISON_k) compared to the expected results (exp_k)
# are summarized (see: post_processing.py --> comparison_results.csv) as:
#
# exp_k_lee BISON_k_lee percent_error_lee exp_k_kampf BISON_k_kampf percent_error_kampf
# 1.923374665 1.923374674 -4.64E-07 1.923070652 1.92307065 8.73E-08
# 1.912817787 1.912817795 -4.58E-07 1.912332564 1.912332562 1.30E-07
# 1.903379731 1.90337974 -4.53E-07 1.902763112 1.902763108 1.61E-07
# 1.895060193 1.895060202 -4.48E-07 1.894338874 1.89433887 1.85E-07
# 1.887861419 1.887861427 -4.44E-07 1.887052808 1.887052804 2.05E-07
[GlobalParams]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[Mesh]
[geom]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 1
elem_type= EDGE2
[]
[]
[Variables]
[T]
initial_condition = 500
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
[]
[burnup]
[]
[th_cond]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_burnup]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = T
[]
[heat_ie]
type = ADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = T
[]
[heat_source]
type = ADNeutronHeatSource
variable = T
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11
fission_rate = fission_rate
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable= fission_rate
value = 2e19 # Standard fission_rate fissions/m^3/s
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[th_cond]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
variable = th_cond
property = thermal_conductivity
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[burnup]
type = ADBurnupAux
variable = burnup
density = 10431.0 # 95% TD
fission_rate = fission_rate
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temp_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0.0 100.e6'
y = '500 3000'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[VariableT]
type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 'left right'
variable = T
function = temp_ramp
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermalUO2]
type = ADUO2Thermal
temperature = T
burnup = burnup
initial_porosity = 0.05
thermal_conductivity_model = HALDEN
oxy_to_metal_ratio = 2.0
Gd_content = 0.0
[]
[density]
type = ADParsedMaterial
property_name = density
expression = 10431.0
[]
[HBS_volume_fraction]
type = ADHighBurnupStructureFormation
burnup = burnup
temperature = T
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
start_time = 0
num_steps = 100
dt = 1.0e6
[]
[Postprocessors]
[avg_th_cond]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = th_cond
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[average_effective_burnup]
type = ADElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = effective_burnup
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[average_rod_burnup]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = burnup
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[average_fuel_T]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = T
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
file_base = 'ad_test_default'
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[fuel_relo]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = MASS_FRACTION
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 172489043
end_time = 172489661
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
# axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
# hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
# end_time = 172387800 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 172489043 # Begin Blowdown
end_time = 172489661 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '172387800 172388043 172488043 172489043 172489073 172489661'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 3.0 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
perf_graph = true
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield2.i)
# This file is to test the phase-field based pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel
# with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and using the 3D phase field criterion
# for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 125. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the hydrostatic stress, are used to calculate the
# critical pressure for grain boundary fracture using data from fits to phase-field
# fracture simulations. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 673.15, 673.15+(t-100)*15.5)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = ADUO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = ADUO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_3D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = ADGenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = ADUO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = ADHighBurnupStructureFormation
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = Newton
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 125
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(test/tests/sifgrs/uo2/polypole2_hbs.i)
# This input is to test polypole-2 for UO2Sifgrs with the high burnup structure model
# The model is based on K. Lassmann et al., JNM 226, 1, 1995, where the intragranular
# Xe concentration in solid solution is assumed to increase linearly with burnup until
# the high-burnup structure forms at a given burnup threshold. At that point, the Xe
# concentration in the matrix decreases exponentially as it goes to the hbs pores.
#
# To reproduce the model and results published in K. Lassmann et al., JNM 226, 1, 1995,
# Xe diffusion is made effectively null to prevent Xe release from the grain interior.
# Intragranular bubble nucleation is also supressed (and initial_porosity = 0) as the
# paper only measures Xe concentration in teh matrix aways from bubbles and cracks.
# The results of this test (evolution of Xe_matrix) correspond to Fig. 4 from
# K. Lassmann et al., JNM 226, 1, 1995.
[Mesh]
[mesh]
type = FileMeshGenerator
file = 1hex8_10mm_cube.e
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1700'
[]
[fission_rate_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '2.5e19'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
initial_condition = 1700
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
[]
[burnup]
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
diffusion_coefficient = 1
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = fission_rate_function
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[burnup_aux]
type = BurnupAux
variable = burnup
fission_rate = fission_rate
density = 10980 # kg/m3
[]
[]
[BCs]
[bottom_temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
boundary = '1 2'
[]
[]
[Materials]
[High_Burnup_Structure_Formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
hbs_model_type = Lassmann
[]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
skip_bdr_model = true
ig_bubble_model = NUCLEATION_RESOLUTION
nuclerate_scalef = 0
initial_porosity = 0
fract_yield = 0.268 # from 'K. Lassmann et al., JNM 226, 1, 1995' for Xe
igdiffcoeff_scalef = 1e-12 # to suppress intragranular diffusion and prevent thermal release
burnup = burnup
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = High_Burnup_Structure_Formation
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
ig_diff_algorithm = POLYPOLE2
output_properties = 'bubble_concentration_intra bubble_radius_intra gas_concentration_bubble_intra gas_concentration_matrix_intra deltav_v0_intra_total deltav_v0_bubble_GB gas_concentration_GB_bubble_volume_HBS'
outputs = 'all'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = Newton
l_tol = 1e-12
nl_abs_tol = 5e-16
nl_rel_tol = 1e-17
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 2.6e8
dt = 3e6
[]
[Postprocessors]
[fis_gas_generated]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_generated_total
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_release_total
[]
[fgr_percent]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_generated
[]
[intra_swelling_total]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = deltav_v0_intra_total
[]
[inter_swelling_total]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = deltav_v0_bubble_GB
[]
[inter_swelling_HBS]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = deltav_v0_bubble_GB_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_bubble_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_bubble_intra_non_restructured
[]
[gas_amount_matrix_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_matrix_intra_non_restructured
[]
[bubble_amount_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_concentration_intra_non_restructured
[]
[bubble_radius_intra_average_non_restructured]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_radius_intra_non_restructured
[]
[bubble_pressure_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_pressure_intra_non_restructured
[]
[temperature]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = temperature
[]
[fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = fission_rate
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_GB_bubbles]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_GB_bubble_volume_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_GB_single_atoms]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_GB_single_atom_volume_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_matrix]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_matrix_intra_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_intra_bubbles]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_bubble_intra_HBS
[]
[bubble_pressure_intra_hbs]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_pressure_intra_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_intra_total]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_intra_total_HBS
[]
[bubble_amount_GB_hbs]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS
[]
[bubble_radius_GB_average_hbs]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_radius_GB_HBS
[]
[bubble_pressure_GB_hbs]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_GB_pressure_HBS
[]
[volume_domain]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = 1
[]
[hbs_volume]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'hbs_volume volume_domain'
expression = 'hbs_volume / volume_domain'
[]
[grain_radius_total]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = grain_radius_sifgrs
[]
[burnup]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = burnup
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/uo2_pulverization_phasefield2.i)
# This file is to test the phase-field based pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel
# with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and using the 3D phase field criterion
# for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 125. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the hydrostatic stress, are used to calculate the
# critical pressure for grain boundary fracture using data from fits to phase-field
# fracture simulations. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 673.15, 673.15+(t-100)*15.5)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = UO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_3D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = GenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 125
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR.i)
# This file is to test the transient fission gas release model that accounts for
# the amount of fission gas released as a result of fuel pulverization. it is
# based on the input file called uo2_pulverization_mesoscale.i, which tests the
# pulverization criteria for UO2 fuel with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and
# using the 3D phase field criterion for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 125. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. A material property uses the local pulverization to compute the
# amount of fission gas released as a results of fuel pulverization.
# This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the pulverized material property is computed, as well as
# the bubble radius and amount of fission gas in bubbles. These material property
# are then used to determine the amount of fission gas release due to pulverization.
# This amount predicted by the material block
# UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease is compared with analytical calculations
# made in the material block fission_gas_released_amount for verification.
# This input is the AD version.
hydrostatic_stress_constant = 1e7
[GlobalParams]
value_range_behavior = WARN
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 900, 900+(t-100)*200)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease] # moles/m^3
type = ADUO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = ADUO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
ig_bubble_model = MECHANISTIC_AAGESEN
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
pulverization_model = true
pulverization_transient_fission_gas_release_material = UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
ig_diff_algorithm = FORMAS
hydrostatic_stress_const = ${hydrostatic_stress_constant}
igdiffcoeff_scalef_HBS = 1e24 # Ensures that all the generated fission gases diffuse from the HBS matrix to the HBS bubbles
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = ADUO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_3D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = ADGenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = ADUO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = ADHighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_density_bubble_HBS] # moles/m^3
type = ADParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'rho_FG_hbs'
material_property_names = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS'
constant_names = 'Na'
constant_expressions = '6.02214076e23'
expression = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS * bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS / Na'
outputs = exodus
[]
[opened_pore_volume_fraction] # -
type = ADParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'f_V_pul'
material_property_names = 'hbs_porosity bubble_radius_GB_HBS'
constant_names = 'fragment_size c_p c_r c_0'
constant_expressions = '5e-5 0.03 5.17 0.02'
expression = 'c_p * hbs_porosity + c_r * bubble_radius_GB_HBS/fragment_size + c_0'
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_released_amount_analytical] # moles/m^3
type = ADParsedMaterial
block = fuel
property_name = 'fis_gas_rel'
material_property_names = 'f_V_pul rho_FG_hbs pulverized'
expression = 'pulverized * f_V_pul * rho_FG_hbs'
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[FG_amount_bubble_HBS]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = rho_FG_hbs
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR_analytical]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = fis_gas_rel
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_release_pulverization
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[FGR_pps_diff_bison_analytical]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FGR_analytical
value2 = FGR
[]
[FG_pps_diff_total_released]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FG_amount_bubble_HBS
value2 = FGR
[]
[volume_domain]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = 1
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[hbs_volume]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'hbs_volume volume_domain'
expression = 'hbs_volume / volume_domain'
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[pulverized_volume]
type = ADLayeredElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
block = fuel
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = Newton
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 125
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
file_base = ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield2_transient_FGR_out
[]
(test/tests/axial_relocation/ad_uo2_pulverization_phasefield.i)
# This file is to test the phase-field based pulverization criterion for UO2 fuel
# with evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = false and using the 2D phase field criterion
# for pulverization.
# In the test 5 axial fuel slices are modeled without cladding with an outer fuel
# radius of 4.5 mm and slice height of 0.1 m. Ten radial finite elements are used.
# The burnup increases linearly from the fuel centerline to the fuel surface.
# Temperature is held at constant T = 673.15 K from t = 0 to t = 100, followed
# by a ramp in temperature from t = 100 to t = 110. Pulverization will occur
# during the ramp only, in the rim region where a significant amount of high burnup
# structure formation has begun. Local pulverization is tracked with the material
# property pulverized, which is 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where
# it has occurred. This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the porosity in the HBS region is calculated at each radial
# position using the correlation due to Kampf in the UO2Thermal material.
# The porosity, along with the hydrostatic stress, are used to calculate the
# critical pressure for grain boundary fracture using data from fits to phase-field
# fracture simulations. The current pressure of the most likely bubble
# size is compared to the critical pressure to determine whether pulverization has
# occurred at each quadrature point.
# Based upon the conditions and threshold given above at t = 110 s the outer three
# elements should be completely pulverized. The inner radius of the third element
# is at a radius of 3.150 mm. Therefore the layered averaged pulverized fuel volume
# (in each layer in this case) is analytically determined by:
#
# V_p = pi * L * (R_o^2 - R_p^2)
#
# where L is the slice height (0.1 m), R_o is the outer fuel radius, and R_p is the
# radius into the fuel at which pulverization ends. Therefore:
#
# V_p = pi * (0.1) * (4.5e-3^2 - 3.150e-3^2)
# V_p = 3.24448e-6 m^3 in each layer.
#
# The layered_pulverized_fuel_volume AuxVariable computed by BISON gives
# a layered volume of pulverized fuel as 3.24448e-6 m^3.
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
elem_type = EDGE2
slices_per_block = 5
pellet_outer_radius = 4.5e-3
include_clad = false
fuel_height = 0.5
include_plenum = false
nx_p = 10
pellet_mesh_density = customize
pellet_bottom_coor = 0.0
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 673.15, 673.15+(t-100)*15.5)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = ADHeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = ADMaterialRealAux
block = fuel
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
variable = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
execute_on = timestep_end
block = fuel
user_object = layered_pulverized_fuel_volume
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = '10 12'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = ADUO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = false
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = ADUO2PulverizationMesoscale
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_2D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = ADGenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-1e7 -1e7 -1e7 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = ADUO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = ADHighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[fuel_pin_geometry]
type = Layered1DFuelPinGeometry
include_clad = false
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[layered_pulverized_fuel_volume]
type = LayeredVariableIntegral
variable = pulverized_aux
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
direction = y
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
block = fuel
num_layers = 5
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = Newton
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 110
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_9/IFA_650_9_part2.i)
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
[GlobalParams]
density = ${initial_fuel_density}
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_9_part1_checkpoint_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.262416
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 200412461 200413048'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain
fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
hoop_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
cylindrical_axis_point1 = '0 0 0'
cylindrical_axis_point2 = '0 1 0'
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress
strain_zz creep_strain_zz hoop_stress'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[rel]
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 2.73291E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 19cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
gap_thickness_threshold = 0.00039
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION'
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_moles = initial_moles
gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 199159200
refab_type = 0
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
material_input = fis_gas_released
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 199159200
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 1.9e-05
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Controls]
[period1]
type = TimePeriod
disable_objects = 'BCs/clad_outer_temp'
start_time = 200412431
end_time = 200413048
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'burst > 0'
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10430.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
# axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 1e-3
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = ${initial_fuel_density}
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[]
[Dampers]
[limitT]
type = BoundingValueNodalDamper
variable = temperature
max_value = 3200.0
min_value = 0.0
[]
[limitX]
type = MaxIncrement
max_increment = 1e-5
variable = disp_x
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dtmax = 5e5
dtmin = 1e-5
# end_time = 199159200 # End base irradiation
# end_time = 200412431 # Begin Blowdown
end_time = 200413048 # End
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 200
timestep_limiting_postprocessor = timestep_material
optimal_iterations = 20
iteration_window = 4
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
timestep_limiting_function = forced_times
force_step_every_function_point = true
max_function_change = 2000
time_t = '199159200 200312431 200411431 200412431 200412461 200413048'
time_dt = '1.0e04 1.0e04 10.0 5.0 0.5 5.0'
[]
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_2'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_2'
[]
[mass_fraction]
type = LineValueSampler
start_point = '0 0.01124 0'
end_point = '0 0.47524 0'
num_points = 30
sort_by = y
variable = layered_mass_fraction
outputs = 'outfile_mass_2'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
perf_graph = true
[outfile_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_temp_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_2]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[]
(test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_varying_temperature.i)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This is a test for the high burnup structure (HBS) formation model implemented in the HighBurnupStructureFormation routine.
# The model computes the volume fraction of HBS as a function of the local effective burnup and temperature.
# The effective burnup is defined as the burnup accumulated below a threshold temperature for thermal annealing of defects.
# This test, in particular, verifies the temperature dependence of the effective burnup and HBS volume fraction calculation.
# The temperature is kept below the threshold of 1273.15 K for time t < 1.00e+08 s and t > 1.75e+08 s, and above the threshold
# for 1.00e+08 s < t < 1.75e+08 s. The two transients consist of linear variations at a constant rate of 2*10^(-5) K/s between
# the reference low and high temperatures of 1173.15 K and 1373.15 K, respectively. The fission rate kept is constant.
#
# - Geometry: cube of 10 mm side
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature < 1273.15 K for t < 1.00e+08 and t > 1.75e+08. Temperature > 1273.15 K for 1.00e+08 < t < 1.75e+08
#
# - Fission rate = 2.e+19/m^3s
#
# - Irradiation time: 2.00e+08 s
#
# With these settings, while the burnup increases linearly throughout the simulation, the effective burnup increase only for
# t < 1.e+08 and t > 1.75e+08, reaching a value of 0.10756 FIMA, or 103.5 MWd/kgU, at the end of the simulation (2.00e+08 s).
# The calculated fraction of HBS increases with increasing effective burnup, and takes values of 0.07727, 0.60758 and 0.87267
# after 0.50e+08 s, 1.00e+08 s and 2.00e+08 s, respectively.
#
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 3
nx = 1
ny = 1
nz = 1
xmin = 0.
xmax = 0.01
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
zmin = 0.0
zmax = 0.01
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 9.5e+07 1.05e+08 1.7e+08 1.8e+08 2.e+08'
y = '1173.15 1173.15 1373.15 1373.15 1173.15 1173.15'
[]
[fissionrate_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '2.e+19 2.e+19'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1173.15
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
block = 0
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = fissionrate_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[brnp]
type = BurnupAux
block = 0
variable = burnup
fission_rate = fission_rate
density = 10421.5
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[bottom_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '1 2 3 4'
preset = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = 0
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # default
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate'
outputs = 'all'
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 2.e+08
dtmax = 5.e+06
dtmin = 1.
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 5.e+06
optimal_iterations = 6
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[_dt]
type = TimestepSize
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temperature
nodeid = 0
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burnup]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burnup
[]
[effective_burnup]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = effective_burnup
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 15
[]
[]
(test/tests/high_burnup_structure_formation/hbs_formation_constant_temperature.i)
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# This is a test for the high burnup structure (HBS) formation model implemented in the HighBurnupStructureFormation routine.
# The model computes the volume fraction of restructured fuel (HBS) as a function of the local effective burnup and temperature.
# The effective burnup is defined as the burnup accumulated below a threshold temperature for thermal annealing of defects.
# In this test, the temperature is kept constant below the threshold temperature of 1273.15 K. The fission rate is also constant.
#
# - Geometry: cube of 10 mm side
#
# - Single element
#
# - Temperature = 1173.15 K
#
# - Fission rate = 2.e+19/m^3s
#
# - Irradiation time: 2.0e+08 s
#
# With these settings, the effective burnup coincides with the burnup and increases linearly, reaching a value of 0.1721 FIMA,
# or 165.5 MWd/kgU, at the end of the simulation at 2.0e+08 s. The calculated fraction of HBS increases monotonically, and
# takes values of 0.07727, 0.60758, 0.98035 and 0.99998 after 0.5e+08 s, 1.0e+08 s, 1.5e+08 s and 2.0e+08 s, respectively.
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Mesh]
[generated_mesh]
type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
dim = 3
nx = 1
ny = 1
nz = 1
xmin = 0.
xmax = 0.01
ymin = 0.0
ymax = 0.01
zmin = 0.0
zmax = 0.01
[]
[]
[Functions]
[temperature_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '1173.15 1173.15 '
[]
[fissionrate_func]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0. 2.e+08'
y = '2.e+19 2.e+19'
[]
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 1173.15
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
block = 0
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = fissionrate_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[brnp]
type = BurnupAux
block = 0
variable = burnup
fission_rate = fission_rate
density = 10421.5
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[bottom_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
variable = temperature
function = temperature_func
boundary = '1 2 3 4'
preset = false
[]
[]
[Materials]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = 0
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
energy_per_fission = 3.28451e-11 # default
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate'
outputs = 'all'
[]
[thermal]
type = HeatConductionMaterial
block = 0
specific_heat = 1.0
thermal_conductivity = 100.
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = '101'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 2.e+08
dtmax = 5.e+06
dtmin = 1.
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 5.e+06
optimal_iterations = 6
linear_iteration_ratio = 100
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[_dt]
type = TimestepSize
[]
[temperature]
type = NodalVariableValue
variable = temperature
nodeid = 0
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burnup]
type = ElementalVariableValue
elementid = 0
variable = burnup
[]
[effective_burnup]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = effective_burnup
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction_burnup_rate
[]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
perf_graph = true
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 15
[]
[]
(assessment/LWR/validation/LOCA_IFA_650/analysis/IFA_650_4/IFA_650_4_part3_gas_communication.i)
[GlobalParams]
density = 10452.96
initial_porosity = 0.048
order = SECOND
family = LAGRANGE
displacements = disp_x
temperature = temperature
energy_per_fission = 3.2e-11 #J/fission
[]
[Problem]
type = ReferenceResidualProblem
reference_vector = 'ref'
extra_tag_vectors = 'ref'
acceptable_multiplier = 10
restart_file_base = 'IFA_650_4_part2_gas_communication_checkpoint2_cp/LATEST'
[]
[Mesh]
coord_type = RZ
[layered1D_mesh]
type = Layered1DMeshGenerator
slices_per_block = 30
slices_within_upper_plenum = 3
pellet_outer_radius = 4.565e-3
clad_gap_width = 0.085e-3
clad_thickness = 0.725e-3
fuel_height = 0.480
plenum_height = 0.291185
pellet_mesh_density = customize
clad_mesh_density = customize
nx_p = 11
nx_c = 5
[]
patch_update_strategy = auto
partitioner = centroid
centroid_partitioner_direction = y
[]
[Variables]
[disp_x]
[]
[temperature]
[]
[]
[Functions]
[power_history]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = power_history.csv
scale_factor = 1.0
format = columns
[]
[axial_peaking_factors]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = axial_peaking_factors.csv
axis = 1
scale_factor = 1
[]
[pressure_ramp]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = coolant_pressure.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[average_htc]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = average_coolant_htc.csv
format = columns
scale_factor = 1
[]
[forced_times]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = timestep_limiting.csv
scale_factor = 1
format = columns
[]
[heat_sink_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = heater_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[clad_outer_temperature]
type = PiecewiseBilinear
data_file = clad_surface_temp.csv
scale_factor = 1
axis = 1
[]
[heat_transfer_mode]
type = PiecewiseConstant
x = '-200 172489073 172489661'
y = '9 9 8 '
direction = 'right'
[]
[clad_axial_pressure]
type = CladdingAxialPressureFunction
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
coolant_pressure = pressure_ramp
coolant_pressure_scaling_factor = 1.0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fuel_axial_pressure]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = plenum_pressure
symbol_names = plenum_pressure
symbol_values = plenum_pressure
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[disp_y]
[]
[disp_z]
[]
[fast_neutron_flux]
block = clad
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
block = clad
[]
[grain_radius]
block = fuel
[]
[hoop_stress]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
block = clad
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[fract_beta_phase]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[oxide_thickness]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[burst]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_conductance]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[coolant_htc]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[creep_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_thermal_conductivity]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_clad_radius]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[plenum_layer_pressure]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[total_moles]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_ie]
type = HeatConductionTimeDerivative
variable = temperature
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[heat_source]
type = NeutronHeatSource
variable = temperature
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
[]
[]
[Physics]
[SolidMechanics]
[Layered1D]
[fuel]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_pressure_function = fuel_axial_pressure
strain = finite
block = fuel
eigenstrain_names = 'fuel_thermal_strain fuel_swelling_strain fuel_relocation_strain axial_relocation_eigenstrain'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress'
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[clad]
add_scalar_variables = true
out_of_plane_strain_name = strain_yy
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
strain = finite
out_of_plane_pressure_function = clad_axial_pressure
block = clad
eigenstrain_names = 'clad_thermal_strain clad_irradiation_strain'
generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_zz vonmises_stress strain_zz creep_strain_zz'
decomposition_method = EigenSolution
extra_vector_tags = 'ref'
group_scalar_vars_in_reference_residual = true
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
[]
[]
[]
[]
[Burnup]
[burnup]
block = fuel
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
num_radial = 80
num_axial = 11
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
fuel_volume_ratio = 1.0
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
RPF = RPF
isotopes = 'U235 U238 Pu239 Pu240 Pu241 Pu242'
isotope_fractions = '0.035 0.965 0 0 0 0'
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[fast_neutron_flux]
type = FastNeutronFluxAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_flux
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
factor = 3e13
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[fast_neutron_fluence]
type = FastNeutronFluenceAux
block = clad
variable = fast_neutron_fluence
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
execute_on = timestep_begin
[]
[grain_radius]
type = GrainRadiusAux
block = fuel
variable = grain_radius
temperature = temperature
execute_on = linear
[]
[hoop_stress]
type = RankTwoScalarAux
rank_two_tensor = stress
variable = hoop_stress
scalar_type = HoopStress
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[effective_creep_strain]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = effective_creep_strain
property = effective_creep_strain
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
block = fuel
user_object = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
variable = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
variable = gap_layer_pressure
output_option = 'LAYER_PRESSURE'
execute_on = 'final timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_MOLES'
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_mole_rate]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'PLENUM_MOLE_RATE'
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = SpatialUserObjectAux
user_object = gap_layer_temperature
variable = gap_layer_temperature
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_volume]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'LAYER_VOLUME'
variable = gap_layer_volume
execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = AxialGasCommunicationAux
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
output_option = 'TOTAL_MOLES'
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[fract_bphase]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = fract_beta_phase
property = fract_beta_phase
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[oxide_thickness]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = oxide_thickness
property = oxide_scale_thickness
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[hasburst]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 2
variable = burst
property = failed
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[conductance]
type = MaterialRealAux
boundary = 10
property = gap_conductance
variable = gap_conductance
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[coolant_htc]
type = MaterialRealAux
property = coolant_channel_htc
variable = coolant_htc
boundary = 2
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[creep_rate]
type = MaterialRealAux
block = clad
variable = creep_rate
property = creep_rate
execute_on = timestep_end
[]
[gas_th_cond]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = gap_thermal_conductivity
property = gap_conductivity
boundary = 10
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[]
[AxialRelocation]
[relocation]
mesh_generator = layered1D_mesh
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_direction = y
fuel_blocks = fuel
clad_blocks = clad
contact_pressure_variable = contact_pressure
out_of_plane_strain_variable = strain_yy
penetration_variable = penetration
clad_inner_volume_addition = 3.17755E-06 # Addition of the volume to bring the starting total volume to 21.5cm^3 to begin the transient experiment
burnup_variable = burnup
temperature = temperature
axial_relocation_output_options = 'MASS_FRACTION PACKING_FRACTION'
use_axial_gas_communication = true
[]
[]
[CoolantChannel]
[convective_clad_surface] # apply convective boundary to clad outer surface
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
heat_transfer_mode = heat_transfer_mode
heat_transfer_coefficient = average_htc # Calculated from an initial simulation of the base irradiation using the inlet_pressure, inlet_massflux, and inlet_temperature commented out below.
inlet_temperature = heat_sink_temperature # K
effective_emissivity = 0.75
# inlet_temperature = 580
# inlet_pressure = 15.3e6 # Pa
# inlet_massflux = 3800 # kg/m^2-sec
rod_diameter = 0.01075 # m
rod_pitch = 1.26e-2 # m
compute_enthalpy = false
linear_heat_rate = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
output_properties = 'coolant_channel_htype coolant_channel_hmode'
[]
[]
[Contact]
[pellet_clad_mechanical]
primary = 5
secondary = 10
penalty = 1e7
formulation = kinematic
model = frictionless
[]
[]
[ThermalContact]
[thermal_contact]
type = GasGapHeatTransfer
variable = temperature
primary = 5
secondary = 10
initial_gas_types = 'He Ar'
initial_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
# initial_moles = initial_moles
# gas_released = fis_gas_released
plenum_pressure = plenum_pressure
contact_pressure = contact_pressure
jump_distance_model = LANNING
roughness_coef = 3.2
refab_gas_types = 'He Ar'
refab_fractions = '0.05 0.95'
refab_time = 172387800
refab_type = 0
output_gas_mixture = true
outputs = GasMixture
execution_order_group = -2
[]
[]
[BCs]
[no_x_all]
type = DirichletBC
variable = disp_x
boundary = 12
value = 0.0
[]
[Pressure]
[coolantPressure]
boundary = 2
function = pressure_ramp
factor = 1.0
[]
[]
[clad_outer_temp]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 2
variable = temperature
function = clad_outer_temperature
[]
[PlenumPressure]
[plenumPressure]
boundary = 9
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
startup_time = 0
R = 8.3143
output_initial_moles = initial_moles
temperature = plenum_temp
volume = 'clad_volume pellet_volume'
output = plenum_pressure
refab_time = 172387800
refab_pressure = 4.0e6
refab_temperature = 295.0
refab_volume = 2.15e-05
incremental_calculation = true
execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR'
axial_gas_communication = axial_gas_communication
[]
[]
[]
[LayeredPlenumTemperature]
[plenum_temp]
boundary = 5
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
inner_surfaces = '5'
outer_surfaces = '10'
temperature = temperature
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
block = fuel
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
gap_thermal_conductivity = layered_average_gap_conductivity
[]
[relocation]
type = UO2RelocationEigenstrain
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
axial_power_profile = axial_peaking_factors
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
burnup_relocation_stop = 0.024
relocation_activation1 = 5000.0
relocation_model = ESCORE_modified
eigenstrain_name = fuel_relocation_strain
[]
[fuel_thermal_strain]
type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
block = fuel
thermal_expansion_coeff = 10.0e-6
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = fuel_thermal_strain
[]
[fuel_swelling]
type = UO2VolumetricSwellingEigenstrain
gas_swelling_model_type = SIFGRS
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
initial_fuel_density = 10452.96
eigenstrain_name = fuel_swelling_strain
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = UO2Sifgrs
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
grain_radius = grain_radius
transient_option = MICROCRACKING_BURNUP
diff_coeff_option = TURNBULL_D1_D2
gbs_model = true
[]
[fuel_elasticity_tensor]
type = UO2IsotropicDamageElasticityTensor
block = fuel
fragmentation_model = BARANI
temperature = temperature
rod_ave_lin_pow = power_history
#axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
crumbling_scale_factor = 0.0001
[]
[fuel_stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'fuel_creep'
block = fuel
[]
[fuel_creep]
type = UO2CreepUpdate
block = fuel
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup
initial_grain_radius = 5.0e-6
[]
[HBS]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
block = fuel
burnup_function = burnup
temperature = temperature
output_properties = 'hbs_volume_fraction'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[clad_elasticity_tensor]
type = ZryElasticityTensor
block = clad
[]
[stress]
type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
tangent_operator = elastic
inelastic_models = 'zrycreep'
block = clad
[]
[zrycreep]
type = ZryCreepLOCAUpdate
fast_neutron_flux = fast_neutron_flux
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
model_irradiation_creep = true
model_primary_creep = true
model_thermal_creep = true
max_inelastic_increment = 5e-4
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
block = clad
[]
[thermal_expansion]
type = ZryThermalExpansionMATPROEigenstrain
block = clad
stress_free_temperature = 295.0
eigenstrain_name = clad_thermal_strain
[]
[irradiation_swelling]
type = ZryIrradiationGrowthEigenstrain
block = clad
fast_neutron_fluence = fast_neutron_fluence
zircaloy_material_type = stress_relief_annealed
eigenstrain_name = clad_irradiation_strain
[]
[clad_phase]
type = ZrPhase
block = clad
temperature = temperature
numerical_method = 2
[]
[clad_oxidation]
type = ZryOxidation
boundary = 2
temperature = temperature
clad_inner_radius = 4.65e-03
clad_outer_radius = 5.375e-03
normal_operating_temperature_model = epri_kwu_ce
high_temperature_model = cathcart
use_coolant_channel = true
[]
[clad_failure_criterion]
type = ZryCladdingFailure
boundary = 2
failure_criterion = plastic_instability
hoop_stress = hoop_stress
#hoop_creep_strain = creep_strain_zz
effective_strain_rate_creep = creep_rate
temperature = temperature
fraction_beta_phase = fract_beta_phase
[]
[clad_thermal]
type = ZryThermal
block = clad
temperature = temperature
[]
[fuel_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = fuel
strain_free_density = 10452.96
[]
[clad_density]
type = StrainAdjustedDensity
block = clad
strain_free_density = 6551.0
[]
[]
[UserObjects]
[terminator]
type = Terminator
expression = 'gap_layer_pressure_max < 101325.01'
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[cladding_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = clad
num_layers = 11
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[fuel_strain_yy]
type = LayeredAverage
block = fuel
num_layers = 10
direction = y
variable = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[layered_fuel_average]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = temperature
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
use_displaced_mesh = false
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[gap_layer_temperature]
type = LayeredGasGapTemperatureUserObject
direction = y
num_layers = 33
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
gap_temp = gap_value
variable = temperature
boundary = '5'
distance = pt_distance
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
execution_order_group = -1
[]
[cladding_failure_status]
type = LayeredSideAverage
variable = burst
direction = y
num_layers = 30
boundary = 2
direction_min = 0
direction_max = .48
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
[]
[layered_maximum_fuel_radius]
type = LayeredNodalExtremeValue
variable = 'outer_fuel_radius'
direction_min = 0.0
direction_max = 0.48
num_layers = 30
direction = y
boundary = 10
value_type = max
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[axial_gas_communication]
type = AxialGasCommunication
direction = y
num_layers = 33
distance = pt_distance
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain_fuel = fuel_strain_yy
out_of_plane_strain_cladding = cladding_strain_yy
layered_clad_internal_volume = layered_clad_internal_volume
layered_maximum_clad_radius = layered_maximum_clad_radius
layered_maximum_fuel_radius = layered_maximum_fuel_radius
layered_fuel_temperature = layered_fuel_average
layered_gas_gap_temperature = gap_layer_temperature
axial_relocation_object = axial_relocation
cladding_failure_status = cladding_failure_status
gas_mixture = gas_mixture_thermal_contact
initial_pressure = 2.0e6
equilibrium_pressure = 7.5e5
material_input = 'fis_gas_released'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
debug_output = true
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[ave_temp_interior]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 9
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[pellet_volume_2]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 8
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[avg_clad_temp]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 7
variable = temperature
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fis_gas_produced]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGeneratedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_released]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasReleasedSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_grain]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasGrainSifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fis_gas_boundary]
type = LayeredElementIntegralFisGasBoundarySifgrsPostprocessor
block = fuel
outputs = exodus
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[fission_gas_release]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_produced
[]
[average_coolant_htc]
type = LayeredSideAverageValuePostprocessor
boundary = 2
variable = coolant_htc
execute_on = 'initial linear'
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
[]
[average_burnup]
type = RodAverageBurnup
burnup_function = burnup
[]
[temp_clad_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = clad
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[temp_fuel_max]
type = NodalExtremeValue
block = fuel
value_type = max
variable = temperature
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[betaph_fract_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = fract_beta_phase
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[burst]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = burst
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[timestep_material]
type = MaterialTimeStepPostprocessor
block = clad
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[peak_hoop_strain]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = strain_zz
block = clad
[]
[zry_burst_opening_area]
type = ZryBurstOpening
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
peak_hoop_strain = peak_hoop_strain
estimate = limiting
opening_shape = rectangle
output = area
[]
[plenum_volume]
type = LayeredInternalVolumePostprocessor
boundary = 9
execute_on = 'initial TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
component = 0
fuel_pin_geometry = fuel_pin_geometry
out_of_plane_strain = strain_yy
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_min]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = min
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_pressure_max]
type = ElementExtremeValue
variable = gap_layer_pressure
value_type = max
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[gap_layer_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = gap_layer_moles
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[plenum_mole_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = gap_layer_mole_rate
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[total_moles]
type = ElementExtremeValue
value_type = max
variable = total_moles
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist 51'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 50
l_tol = 1e-3
nl_max_its = 30
nl_rel_tol = 1e-4
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
dt = .1
end_time = 172489651 # End
[]
[VectorPostprocessors]
[clad_radial_disp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = disp_x
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_3'
[]
[clad_out_temp]
type = NodalValueSampler
variable = temperature
boundary = 2
sort_by = y
outputs = 'outfile_temp_3'
[]
[]
[PerformanceMetricOutputs]
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
color = false
exodus = true
[exodus3]
type = Exodus
file_base = IFA_650_4_gas_part3_out
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[checkpoint3]
type = Checkpoint
time_step_interval = 1
num_files = 1
[]
[outfile_3]
type = CSV
#execute_on = 'FINAL'
#create_final_symlink = true
file_base = 'clad3/new'
[]
[outfile_temp_3]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[outfile_mass_3]
type = CSV
execute_on = 'FINAL'
create_final_symlink = true
[]
[GasMixture]
type = CSV
file_base = 'GasMixture/'
[]
[]
(test/tests/uo2_transient_fission_gas_release/uo2_pulverization_transient_FGR_1D.i)
# This file is to test the transient fission gas release model that accounts for
# the amount of fission gas released as a result of fuel pulverization.
# It uses evolve_bubble_pressure_hbs = true and the 3D phase field criterion for
# pulverization.
# Local pulverization is tracked with the material property pulverized, which is
# 0 where pulverization has not occured and 1 where it has occurred.
# A material property uses the local pulverization to compute the
# amount of fission gas released as a results of fuel pulverization.
# This material property is output to the exodus file for this test.
# At each time step, the pulverized material property is computed, as well as
# the bubble radius and amount of fission gas in bubbles. These material property
# are then used to determine the amount of fission gas release due to pulverization.
# This amount predicted by the material block
# UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease is compared with analytical calculations
# made in the material block fission_gas_released_amount for verification.
# This input is the non-AD version.
hydrostatic_stress_constant = 1e7
[GlobalParams]
value_range_behavior = WARN
[]
[Mesh]
type = GeneratedMesh
dim = 1
nx = 10
xmax = 4.5e-3 # m pellet outer radius
[]
[Variables]
[temperature]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
initial_condition = 600
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[burnup]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[fission_rate]
order = FIRST
family = LAGRANGE
[]
[pulverized_aux]
order = CONSTANT
family = MONOMIAL
[]
[]
[Functions]
[burnup_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'x*1.6*t/4.275'
[]
[temperature_function]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'if(t < 100, 900, 900+(t-100)*200)'
[]
[Fiss_func]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = '1.e19'
[]
[]
[Kernels]
[heat]
type = HeatConduction
variable = temperature
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[burnup]
type = FunctionAux
variable = burnup
function = burnup_function
execute_on = 'initial linear'
[]
[fissionrate]
type = FissionRateGeneral
fission_rate_formulation = GENERIC
variable = fission_rate
value = 1
fission_rate_function = Fiss_func
execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
[]
[pulverized]
type = MaterialRealAux
variable = pulverized_aux
property = pulverized
execute_on = 'initial nonlinear'
[]
[]
[BCs]
[temperature]
type = FunctionDirichletBC
boundary = 'left right'
variable = temperature
function = temperature_function
[]
[]
[Materials]
[fission_gas_behavior]
type = UO2Sifgrs
temperature = temperature
fission_rate = fission_rate
burnup = burnup
skip_bdr_model = true
ig_bubble_model = MECHANISTIC_AAGESEN
hbs_model = true
hbs_material = hbs_formation
pulverization_model = true
pulverization_transient_fission_gas_release_material = UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
ig_diff_algorithm = FORMAS
hydrostatic_stress_const = ${hydrostatic_stress_constant}
igdiffcoeff_scalef_HBS = 1e24 # Ensures that all the generated fission gases diffuse from the HBS matrix to the HBS bubbles
output_properties = 'bubble_concentration_intra_non_restructured bubble_radius_intra_non_restructured gas_concentration_bubble_intra_non_restructured gas_concentration_matrix_intra_non_restructured bubble_GB_volume_density_non_restructured bubble_radius_GB_non_restructured gas_concentration_GB_bubble_volume_non_restructured deltav_v0_intra_total bubble_concentration_intra_HBS bubble_radius_intra_HBS gas_concentration_bubble_intra_HBS gas_concentration_matrix_intra_HBS bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS bubble_radius_GB_HBS gas_concentration_GB_bubble_volume_HBS atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS gas_concentration_release_total'
outputs = 'exodus'
[]
[uo2pulverizationmesoscale]
type = UO2PulverizationMesoscale
temperature = temperature
output_properties = pulverized
pulverization_criterion_type = phase_field_3D
outputs = exodus
[]
[dummy_stress]
type = GenericConstantRankTwoTensor
tensor_name = 'stress'
tensor_values = '-${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} -${hydrostatic_stress_constant} 0 0 0'
[]
[fuel_thermal]
type = UO2Thermal
thermal_conductivity_model = STAICU
hbs_porosity_correction = KAMPF
model_hbs_formation = true
temperature = temperature
burnup_function = burnup_function
output_properties = hbs_porosity
outputs = exodus
[]
[hbs_formation]
type = HighBurnupStructureFormation
temperature = temperature
burnup = burnup
threshold_temperature = 1273.15 # default
output_properties = hbs_volume_fraction
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_density_bubble_HBS] # moles/m^3
type = ParsedMaterial
property_name = 'rho_FG_hbs'
material_property_names = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS'
constant_names = 'Na'
constant_expressions = '6.02214076e23'
expression = 'atom_per_bubble_GB_HBS * bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS / Na'
outputs = exodus
[]
[opened_pore_volume_fraction] # -
type = ParsedMaterial
property_name = 'f_V_pul'
material_property_names = 'hbs_porosity bubble_radius_GB_HBS'
constant_names = 'fragment_size c_p c_r c_0'
constant_expressions = '5e-5 0.03 5.17 0.02'
expression = 'c_p * hbs_porosity + c_r * bubble_radius_GB_HBS/fragment_size + c_0'
outputs = exodus
[]
[fission_gas_released_amount_analytical] # moles/m^3
type = ParsedMaterial
property_name = 'fis_gas_rel'
material_property_names = 'f_V_pul rho_FG_hbs pulverized'
expression = 'pulverized * f_V_pul * rho_FG_hbs'
outputs = exodus
[]
[UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease] # moles/m^3
type = UO2PulverizationTransientFissionGasRelease
output_properties = 'gas_concentration_release_pulverization'
outputs = exodus
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[FG_amount_bubble_HBS]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = rho_FG_hbs
[]
[FGR_transient_pulverization_analytical]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = fis_gas_rel
[]
[FGR_transient_pulverization]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_release_pulverization
[]
[FGR_pps_diff_bison_analytical]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FGR_transient_pulverization_analytical
value2 = FGR_transient_pulverization
[]
[FG_pps_diff_total_released]
type = DifferencePostprocessor
value1 = FG_amount_bubble_HBS
value2 = FGR_transient_pulverization
[]
[fis_gas_generated]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_generated_total
[]
[fis_gas_released_total]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_release_total
[]
[fgr_percent]
type = FGRPercent
fission_gas_released = fis_gas_released_total
fission_gas_generated = fis_gas_generated
[]
[gas_amount_bubble_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_bubble_intra_non_restructured
[]
[gas_amount_matrix_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_matrix_intra_non_restructured
[]
[bubble_amount_intra_non_restructured]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_concentration_intra_non_restructured
[]
[bubble_radius_intra_average_non_restructured]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_radius_intra_non_restructured
[]
[temperature]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = temperature
[]
[fission_rate]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = fission_rate
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_GB_bubbles]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_GB_bubble_volume_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_matrix]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_matrix_intra_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_intra_bubbles]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_bubble_intra_HBS
[]
[gas_amount_hbs_intra_total]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = gas_concentration_intra_total_HBS
[]
[bubble_amount_GB_hbs]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_GB_volume_density_HBS
[]
[bubble_radius_GB_average_hbs]
type = ElementAverageMaterialProperty
mat_prop = bubble_radius_GB_HBS
[]
[volume_domain]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = 1
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[hbs_volume]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = hbs_volume_fraction
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[hbs_volume_fraction]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'hbs_volume volume_domain'
expression = 'hbs_volume / volume_domain'
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[pulverized_volume]
type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
mat_prop = pulverized
execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
solve_type = PJFNK
petsc_options = '-snes_ksp_ew'
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
line_search = 'none'
l_max_its = 100
nl_max_its = 100
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
l_tol = 1e-5
start_time = 0.0
num_steps = 125
dt = 1
[]
[Outputs]
exodus = true
csv = true
[]