BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel.C

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//* This file is part of the MOOSE framework
//* https://mooseframework.inl.gov
//*
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//* https://github.com/idaholab/moose/blob/master/COPYRIGHT
//*
//* Licensed under LGPL 2.1, please see LICENSE for details
//* https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html
 
#include "BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel.h"
#include "MooseVariableFE.h"
#include "SystemBase.h"
#include "MortarUtils.h"
#include "MooseUtils.h"
#include "MathUtils.h"
 
#include "MortarContactUtils.h"
#include "FactorizedRankTwoTensor.h"
 
#include "ADReal.h"
#include "CohesiveZoneModelTools.h"
#include <Eigen/Core>
#include <cmath>
 
registerMooseObject("ContactApp", BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel);
 
InputParameters
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::validParams()
{
  InputParameters params = CohesiveZoneModelBase::validParams();
 
  params.addClassDescription("Computes the bilinear mixed mode cohesive zone model.");
 
  // Input parameters for bilinear mixed mode traction.
  params.addParam<MaterialPropertyName>("GI_c",
                                        "Critical energy release rate in normal direction.");
  params.addParam<MaterialPropertyName>("GII_c",
                                        "Critical energy release rate in shear direction.");
  params.addParam<MaterialPropertyName>("normal_strength", "Tensile strength in normal direction.");
  params.addParam<MaterialPropertyName>("shear_strength", "Tensile strength in shear direction.");
  params.addParam<Real>("power_law_parameter", "The power law parameter.");
  MooseEnum criterion("POWER_LAW BK", "BK");
  params.addParam<Real>("viscosity", 0.0, "Viscosity for damage model.");
  params.addParam<MooseEnum>(
      "mixed_mode_criterion", criterion, "Option for mixed mode propagation criterion.");
  params.addDeprecatedParam<bool>(
      "lag_displacement_jump",
      false,
      "Whether to use old displacement jumps to compute the effective displacement jump.",
      "This parameter has no effect in the mortar cohesive zone model and will be removed. Use "
      "'viscosity' to regularize the damage evolution.");
  params.addParam<bool>("set_compressive_traction_to_zero",
                        false,
                        "Zero compressive traction (set to true, allowing the use of standard "
                        "zero-penetration mortar contact constraints in "
                        "the normal direction).");
  params.addParam<Real>(
      "regularization_alpha", 1e-10, "Regularization parameter for the Macaulay bracket.");
  params.addRangeCheckedParam<Real>(
      "penalty_stiffness", "penalty_stiffness > 0.0", "Penalty stiffness for CZM.");
  params.addParamNamesToGroup(
      "GI_c GII_c normal_strength shear_strength power_law_parameter viscosity "
      "mixed_mode_criterion regularization_alpha "
      "penalty_stiffness",
      "Bilinear mixed mode traction");
  // End of input parameters for bilinear mixed mode traction.
 
  return params;
}
 
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel(
    const InputParameters & parameters)
  : WeightedGapUserObject(parameters),
    PenaltyWeightedGapUserObject(parameters),
    WeightedVelocitiesUserObject(parameters),
    CohesiveZoneModelBase(parameters),
    _set_compressive_traction_to_zero(getParam<bool>("set_compressive_traction_to_zero")),
    _normal_strength(getMaterialProperty<Real>("normal_strength")),
    _shear_strength(getMaterialProperty<Real>("shear_strength")),
    _GI_c(getMaterialProperty<Real>("GI_c")),
    _GII_c(getMaterialProperty<Real>("GII_c")),
    _penalty_stiffness_czm(getParam<Real>("penalty_stiffness")),
    _mix_mode_criterion(getParam<MooseEnum>("mixed_mode_criterion").getEnum<MixedModeCriterion>()),
    _power_law_parameter(getParam<Real>("power_law_parameter")),
    _viscosity(getParam<Real>("viscosity")),
    _regularization_alpha(getParam<Real>("regularization_alpha"))
{
 
  // Checks for bilinear traction input.
  if (!isParamValid("GI_c") || !isParamValid("GII_c") || !isParamValid("normal_strength") ||
      !isParamValid("shear_strength") || !isParamValid("power_law_parameter") ||
      !isParamValid("penalty_stiffness"))
    paramError("GI_c",
               "The CZM bilinear mixed mode traction parameters GI_c, GII_c, normal_strength, "
               "shear_strength, and power_law_parameter are required. Revise your input and add "
               "those parameters if you want to use the bilinear mixed mode traction model. ");
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeQpProperties()
{
  CohesiveZoneModelBase::computeQpProperties();
 
  _normal_strength_interpolation = _normal_strength[_qp] * _JxW_msm[_qp] * _coord[_qp];
  _shear_strength_interpolation = _shear_strength[_qp] * _JxW_msm[_qp] * _coord[_qp];
  _GI_c_interpolation = _GI_c[_qp] * _JxW_msm[_qp] * _coord[_qp];
  _GII_c_interpolation = _GII_c[_qp] * _JxW_msm[_qp] * _coord[_qp];
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeQpIProperties()
{
  CohesiveZoneModelBase::computeQpIProperties();
 
  // Get the _dof_to_weighted_gap map
  const auto * const dof = cast_ptr<const DofObject *>(_lower_secondary_elem->node_ptr(_i));
 
  // TODO: Probably better to interpolate the deformation gradients.
  _dof_to_normal_strength[dof] += (*_test)[_i][_qp] * _normal_strength_interpolation;
  _dof_to_shear_strength[dof] += (*_test)[_i][_qp] * _shear_strength_interpolation;
 
  _dof_to_GI_c[dof] += (*_test)[_i][_qp] * _GI_c_interpolation;
  _dof_to_GII_c[dof] += (*_test)[_i][_qp] * _GII_c_interpolation;
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::initialize()
{
  // instead we call it explicitly here
  CohesiveZoneModelBase::initialize();
 
  // Avoid accumulating interpolation over the time step
  _dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio.clear();
  _dof_to_local_czm_traction.clear();
  _dof_to_normal_strength.clear();
  _dof_to_shear_strength.clear();
  _dof_to_GI_c.clear();
  _dof_to_GII_c.clear();
  _dof_to_delta_initial.clear();
  _dof_to_delta_final.clear();
  _dof_to_delta_max.clear();
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeCZMTraction(const Node * const node)
{
  using std::max, std::min;
 
  // First call does not have maps available
  const bool return_boolean = _dof_to_weighted_gap.find(node) == _dof_to_weighted_gap.end();
  if (return_boolean)
    return;
 
  computeModeMixity(node);
  computeCriticalDisplacementJump(node);
  computeFinalDisplacementJump(node);
  computeEffectiveDisplacementJump(node);
  computeDamage(node);
 
  // Split displacement jump into active and inactive parts
  const auto interface_displacement_jump =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_interface_displacement_jump, node);
 
  const ADRealVectorValue delta_active(max(interface_displacement_jump(0), 0.0),
                                       interface_displacement_jump(1),
                                       interface_displacement_jump(2));
  const ADRealVectorValue delta_inactive(min(interface_displacement_jump(0), 0.0), 0.0, 0.0);
 
  // This traction vector is local at this point.
  _dof_to_czm_traction[node] =
      -(1.0 - libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_damage, node->id()).first) * _penalty_stiffness_czm *
          delta_active -
      _penalty_stiffness_czm * (_set_compressive_traction_to_zero ? 0.0 : delta_inactive);
 
  // Save local-frame traction before the base class overwrites this map with global traction.
  // Raw values only: this map feeds auxiliary output, so derivatives are not needed.
  _dof_to_local_czm_traction[node] = MetaPhysicL::raw_value(_dof_to_czm_traction[node]);
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeModeMixity(const Node * const node)
{
  using std::sqrt;
 
  const auto interface_displacement_jump =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_interface_displacement_jump, node);
 
  if (interface_displacement_jump(0) > _epsilon_tolerance)
  {
    const auto delta_s =
        sqrt(interface_displacement_jump(1) * interface_displacement_jump(1) +
             interface_displacement_jump(2) * interface_displacement_jump(2) + _epsilon_tolerance);
 
    _dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio[node] = delta_s / interface_displacement_jump(0);
  }
  else
    _dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio[node] = 0;
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeCriticalDisplacementJump(const Node * const node)
{
  using std::sqrt;
 
  const auto interface_displacement_jump =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_interface_displacement_jump, node);
 
  const auto mixity_ratio = libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio, node);
 
  const auto delta_normal_knot =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_normal_strength, node) / _penalty_stiffness_czm;
  const auto delta_shear_knot =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_shear_strength, node) / _penalty_stiffness_czm;
 
  _dof_to_delta_initial[node] = delta_shear_knot;
 
  if (interface_displacement_jump(0) > _epsilon_tolerance)
  {
    const auto delta_mixed = sqrt(delta_shear_knot * delta_shear_knot +
                                  Utility::pow<2>(mixity_ratio * delta_normal_knot));
 
    _dof_to_delta_initial[node] = delta_normal_knot * delta_shear_knot *
                                  sqrt(1.0 + mixity_ratio * mixity_ratio) / delta_mixed;
  }
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeFinalDisplacementJump(const Node * const node)
{
  using std::sqrt, std::pow;
 
  const auto interface_displacement_jump =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_interface_displacement_jump, node);
 
  const auto mixity_ratio = libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio, node);
 
  const auto normalized_GI_c = normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_GI_c, node);
  const auto normalized_GII_c = normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_GII_c, node);
 
  _dof_to_delta_final[node] =
      2.0 * normalized_GII_c / normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_shear_strength, node);
 
  if (interface_displacement_jump(0) > _epsilon_tolerance)
  {
    if (_mix_mode_criterion == MixedModeCriterion::BK)
    {
      _dof_to_delta_final[node] =
          2.0 / _penalty_stiffness_czm / libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_delta_initial, node) *
          (normalized_GI_c +
           (normalized_GII_c - normalized_GI_c) *
               pow(mixity_ratio * mixity_ratio / (1 + mixity_ratio * mixity_ratio),
                   _power_law_parameter));
    }
    else if (_mix_mode_criterion == MixedModeCriterion::POWER_LAW)
    {
      const auto Gc_mixed =
          pow(1.0 / normalized_GI_c, _power_law_parameter) +
          pow(mixity_ratio * mixity_ratio / normalized_GII_c, _power_law_parameter);
      _dof_to_delta_final[node] = (2.0 + 2.0 * mixity_ratio * mixity_ratio) /
                                  _penalty_stiffness_czm /
                                  libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_delta_initial, node) *
                                  pow(Gc_mixed, -1.0 / _power_law_parameter);
    }
  }
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeEffectiveDisplacementJump(const Node * const node)
{
  using std::sqrt;
 
  const auto interface_displacement_jump =
      normalizeQuantity(_dof_to_interface_displacement_jump, node);
 
  const auto delta_normal_pos =
      MathUtils::regularizedHeavyside(interface_displacement_jump(0), _regularization_alpha) *
      interface_displacement_jump(0);
 
  _dof_to_delta_max[node] = sqrt(Utility::pow<2>(interface_displacement_jump(1)) +
                                 Utility::pow<2>(interface_displacement_jump(2)) +
                                 Utility::pow<2>(delta_normal_pos) + _epsilon_tolerance);
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::computeDamage(const Node * const node)
{
  const auto delta_max = libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_delta_max, node);
  const auto delta_initial = libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_delta_initial, node);
  const auto delta_final = libmesh_map_find(_dof_to_delta_final, node);
 
  auto & [damage, damage_old] = _dof_to_damage[node->id()];
  if (delta_max < delta_initial)
    damage = 0;
  else if (delta_max > delta_final)
    damage = 1.0;
  else
    damage = delta_final * (delta_max - delta_initial) / delta_max / (delta_final - delta_initial);
 
  if (damage < damage_old)
    // Irreversibility
    damage = damage_old;
 
  // Viscous regularization
  damage = (damage + _viscosity * damage_old / _dt) / (_viscosity / _dt + 1.0);
}
 
void
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::finalize()
{
  CohesiveZoneModelBase::finalize();
 
  const bool send_data_back = !constrainedByOwner();
 
  Moose::Mortar::Contact::communicateRealObject(
      _dof_to_normal_strength, _subproblem.mesh(), _nodal, _communicator, send_data_back);
 
  Moose::Mortar::Contact::communicateRealObject(
      _dof_to_shear_strength, _subproblem.mesh(), _nodal, _communicator, send_data_back);
 
  Moose::Mortar::Contact::communicateRealObject(
      _dof_to_GI_c, _subproblem.mesh(), _nodal, _communicator, send_data_back);
 
  Moose::Mortar::Contact::communicateRealObject(
      _dof_to_GII_c, _subproblem.mesh(), _nodal, _communicator, send_data_back);
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getModeMixityRatio(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_mode_mixity_ratio.end())
    return MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveDamage(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_damage.find(node->id());
 
  if (it != _dof_to_damage.end())
    return MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second.first);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getLocalDisplacementNormal(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
  const auto it2 = _dof_to_weighted_gap.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.end() && it2 != _dof_to_weighted_gap.end())
    return MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second(0) / it2->second.second);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getLocalDisplacementTangential(const Node * const node) const
{
  return getLocalDisplacementTangentialOne(node);
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getLocalDisplacementTangentialOne(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
  const auto it2 = _dof_to_weighted_gap.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.end() && it2 != _dof_to_weighted_gap.end())
    return MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second(1) / it2->second.second);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getLocalDisplacementTangentialTwo(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
  const auto it2 = _dof_to_weighted_gap.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.end() && it2 != _dof_to_weighted_gap.end())
    return MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second(2) / it2->second.second);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getLocalDisplacementTangentialEffective(
    const Node * const node) const
{
  using std::sqrt;
 
  const auto it = _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
  const auto it2 = _dof_to_weighted_gap.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_interface_displacement_jump.end() && it2 != _dof_to_weighted_gap.end())
  {
    // Take raw values before the sqrt: the AD derivative of sqrt divides by zero
    // when the tangential jump is exactly zero (e.g. pure mode I or post-debond).
    const auto tangential_one = MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second(1) / it2->second.second);
    const auto tangential_two = MetaPhysicL::raw_value(it->second(2) / it2->second.second);
    return sqrt(tangential_one * tangential_one + tangential_two * tangential_two);
  }
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveTractionNormal(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_local_czm_traction.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_local_czm_traction.end())
    return it->second(0);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveTractionTangentialMagnitude(
    const Node * const node) const
{
  using std::sqrt;
 
  const auto it = _dof_to_local_czm_traction.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_local_czm_traction.end())
    return sqrt(it->second(1) * it->second(1) + it->second(2) * it->second(2));
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveTractionTangentialOne(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_local_czm_traction.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_local_czm_traction.end())
    return it->second(1);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveTractionTangentialTwo(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_local_czm_traction.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_local_czm_traction.end())
    return it->second(2);
  else
    return 0.0;
}
 
Real
BilinearMixedModeCohesiveZoneModel::getCohesiveTractionEffective(const Node * const node) const
{
  const auto it = _dof_to_local_czm_traction.find(_subproblem.mesh().nodePtr(node->id()));
 
  if (it != _dof_to_local_czm_traction.end())
    return it->second.norm();
  else
    return 0.0;
}