error_vector.C

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// The libMesh Finite Element Library.
// Copyright (C) 2002-2025 Benjamin S. Kirk, John W. Peterson, Roy H. Stogner

// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA


// C++ includes
#include <limits>

// Local includes
#include "libmesh/dof_map.h"
#include "libmesh/elem.h"
#include "libmesh/enum_xdr_mode.h"
#include "libmesh/error_vector.h"
#include "libmesh/equation_systems.h"
#include "libmesh/explicit_system.h"
#include "libmesh/libmesh_logging.h"
#include "libmesh/mesh_base.h"
#include "libmesh/numeric_vector.h"

#include "libmesh/exodusII_io.h"
#include "libmesh/gmv_io.h"
#include "libmesh/nemesis_io.h"
#include "libmesh/tecplot_io.h"
#include "libmesh/xdr_io.h"

namespace libMesh
{



// ------------------------------------------------------------
// ErrorVector class member functions
ErrorVectorReal ErrorVector::minimum() const
{
  LOG_SCOPE ("minimum()", "ErrorVector");

  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());
  ErrorVectorReal min = std::numeric_limits<ErrorVectorReal>::max();

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
      // Only positive (or zero) values in the error vector
      libmesh_assert_greater_equal ((*this)[i], 0.);
      if (this->is_active_elem(i))
        min = std::min (min, (*this)[i]);
    }

  // ErrorVectors are for positive values
  libmesh_assert_greater_equal (min, 0.);

  return min;
}



Real ErrorVector::mean() const
{
  LOG_SCOPE ("mean()", "ErrorVector");

  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());

  Real the_mean  = 0;
  dof_id_type nnz = 0;

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (this->is_active_elem(i))
      {
        the_mean += ( static_cast<Real>((*this)[i]) - the_mean ) / (nnz + 1);

        nnz++;
      }

  return the_mean;
}




Real ErrorVector::median()
{
  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());

  if (n == 0)
    return 0.;


  // Build a StatisticsVector<ErrorVectorReal> containing
  // only our active entries and take its mean
  StatisticsVector<ErrorVectorReal> sv;

  sv.reserve (n);

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (this->is_active_elem(i))
      sv.push_back((*this)[i]);

  return sv.median();
}




Real ErrorVector::median() const
{
  ErrorVector ev = (*this);

  return ev.median();
}




Real ErrorVector::variance(const Real mean_in) const
{
  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());

  LOG_SCOPE ("variance()", "ErrorVector");

  Real the_variance = 0;
  dof_id_type nnz = 0;

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (this->is_active_elem(i))
      {
        const Real delta = ( static_cast<Real>((*this)[i]) - mean_in );
        the_variance += (delta * delta - the_variance) / (nnz + 1);

        nnz++;
      }

  return the_variance;
}




std::vector<dof_id_type> ErrorVector::cut_below(Real cut) const
{
  LOG_SCOPE ("cut_below()", "ErrorVector");

  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());

  std::vector<dof_id_type> cut_indices;
  cut_indices.reserve(n/2);  // Arbitrary

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (this->is_active_elem(i))
      {
        if ((*this)[i] < cut)
          {
            cut_indices.push_back(i);
          }
      }

  return cut_indices;
}




std::vector<dof_id_type> ErrorVector::cut_above(Real cut) const
{
  LOG_SCOPE ("cut_above()", "ErrorVector");

  const dof_id_type n = cast_int<dof_id_type>(this->size());

  std::vector<dof_id_type> cut_indices;
  cut_indices.reserve(n/2);  // Arbitrary

  for (dof_id_type i=0; i<n; i++)
    if (this->is_active_elem(i))
      {
        if ((*this)[i] > cut)
          {
            cut_indices.push_back(i);
          }
      }

  return cut_indices;
}



bool ErrorVector::is_active_elem (dof_id_type i) const
{
  libmesh_assert_less (i, this->size());

  if (_mesh)
    {
      return _mesh->elem_ptr(i)->active();
    }
  else
    return ((*this)[i] != 0.);
}


void ErrorVector::plot_error(const std::string & filename,
                             const MeshBase & oldmesh,
                             const std::string & data_type) const
{
  std::unique_ptr<MeshBase> meshptr = oldmesh.clone();
  MeshBase & mesh = *meshptr;

  // The all_first_order routine will prepare_for_use(), which would
  // break our ordering if elements get changed.
  mesh.allow_renumbering(false);
  mesh.all_first_order();

#ifdef LIBMESH_ENABLE_AMR
  // We don't want p elevation when plotting a single constant value
  // per element
  for (auto & elem : mesh.element_ptr_range())
    {
      elem->set_p_refinement_flag(Elem::DO_NOTHING);
      elem->set_p_level(0);
    }
#endif // LIBMESH_ENABLE_AMR

  EquationSystems temp_es (mesh);
  ExplicitSystem & error_system
    = temp_es.add_system<ExplicitSystem> ("Error");
  error_system.add_variable(data_type, CONSTANT, MONOMIAL);

  temp_es.init();

  const DofMap & error_dof_map = error_system.get_dof_map();
  std::vector<dof_id_type> dof_indices;

  for (const auto & elem : mesh.active_local_element_ptr_range())
    {
      error_dof_map.dof_indices(elem, dof_indices);

      const dof_id_type elem_id = elem->id();

      //0 for the monomial basis
      const dof_id_type solution_index = dof_indices[0];

      // libMesh::out << "elem_number=" << elem_number << std::endl;
      libmesh_assert_less (elem_id, (*this).size());

      // We may have zero error values in special circumstances
      // libmesh_assert_greater ((*this)[elem_id], 0.);
      error_system.solution->set(solution_index, (*this)[elem_id]);
    }
  error_system.solution->close();
  error_system.update();

  // We may have to renumber if the original numbering was not
  // contiguous.  Since this is just a temporary mesh, that's probably
  // fine.
  if (mesh.max_elem_id() != mesh.n_elem() ||
      mesh.max_node_id() != mesh.n_nodes())
    {
      mesh.allow_renumbering(true);
      mesh.renumber_nodes_and_elements();
    }

  if (Utility::contains(filename, ".gmv"))
    {
      GMVIO(mesh).write_discontinuous_gmv(filename,
                                          temp_es, false);
    }
  else if (Utility::contains(filename, ".plt"))
    {
      TecplotIO (mesh).write_equation_systems
        (filename, temp_es);
    }
#if defined(LIBMESH_HAVE_EXODUS_API) && defined(LIBMESH_HAVE_NEMESIS_API)
  else if (Utility::contains(filename, ".nem") ||
           Utility::contains(filename, ".n"))
    {
      Nemesis_IO io(mesh);
      io.write(filename);
      io.write_element_data(temp_es);
    }
#endif
#ifdef LIBMESH_HAVE_EXODUS_API
  else if (Utility::contains(filename, ".exo") ||
           Utility::contains(filename, ".e"))
    {
      ExodusII_IO io(mesh);
      io.write(filename);
      io.write_element_data(temp_es);
    }
#endif
  else if (Utility::contains(filename, ".xda"))
    {
      XdrIO(mesh).write("mesh-"+filename);
      temp_es.write("soln-"+filename,WRITE,
                    EquationSystems::WRITE_DATA |
                    EquationSystems::WRITE_ADDITIONAL_DATA);
    }
  else if (Utility::contains(filename, ".xdr"))
    {
      XdrIO(mesh,true).write("mesh-"+filename);
      temp_es.write("soln-"+filename,ENCODE,
                    EquationSystems::WRITE_DATA |
                    EquationSystems::WRITE_ADDITIONAL_DATA);
    }
  else
    {
      libmesh_here();
      libMesh::err << "Warning: ErrorVector::plot_error currently only"
                   << " supports .gmv, .plt, .xdr/.xda, and .exo/.e (if enabled) output;" << std::endl;
      libMesh::err << "Could not recognize filename: " << filename
                   << std::endl;
    }
}

} // namespace libMesh