HeatStructureCylindrical

initial_T

C++ Type:FunctionName

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Initial temperature [K]

position

C++ Type:libMesh::Point

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Start position of axis in 3-D space [m]

orientation

C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Direction of axis from start position to end position (no need to normalize)

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

axial_region_names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Names to assign to axial regions

names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Name of each radial region

widths

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Width of each radial region [m]

n_part_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements of each radial region

solid_properties

C++ Type:std::vector<UserObjectName>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Solid properties object name for each radial region

names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Name of each radial region

solid_properties_T_ref

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Density reference temperatures for each radial region. This is required if 'solid_properties' is provided. The density in each region will be a constant value computed by evaluating the density function at the reference temperature.

inner_radius

Default:0

C++ Type:double

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Inner radius of the heat structure [m]

position

C++ Type:libMesh::Point

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Start position of axis in 3-D space [m]

orientation

C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Direction of axis from start position to end position (no need to normalize)

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

length

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Length of each axial section [m]

n_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements in each axial section

axial_region_names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Names to assign to axial regions

names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Name of each radial region

widths

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Width of each radial region [m]

n_part_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements of each radial region

names

C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Name of each radial region

widths

C++ Type:std::vector<double>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Width of each radial region [m]

n_part_elems

C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>

Unit:(no unit assumed)

Controllable:No

Description:Number of elements of each radial region

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/06_custom_closures.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
  [none_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseNone
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [Re_mat]
    type = ADReynoldsNumberMaterial
    Re = Re
    rho = rho
    vel = vel
    D_h = D_h
    mu = mu
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [f_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = f_D
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '1 0.1 -0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re'
    expression = 'a + b * Re^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Pr_mat]
    type = ADPrandtlNumberMaterial
    Pr = Pr
    cp = cp
    mu = mu
    k = k
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Nu_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = 'Nu'
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '0.03 0.9 0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re Pr'
    expression = 'a * Re ^b * Pr^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Hw_mat]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferCoefficientMaterial
    D_h = D_h
    k = k
    Nu = Nu
    Hw = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
[]
[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
      closures = none_closures
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []

  [Hw_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [fD_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = f_D
    block = hx/pri
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/02_core.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
  []
  end_time = 5000

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_bc
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.sub_discretization.i)

#
# Testing the ability to discretize the HeatStructure by dividing it into
# axial subsections
#

[GlobalParams]
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    axial_region_names = 'reg1 reg2'
    length = '2.0 1.6576'
    n_elems = '7   4'

    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '10 3 3'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/userobjects/layered_avg_rz/test.i)

length = 4

[GlobalParams]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [average_temp_uo]
    type = LayeredAverageRZ
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    direction = z
    variable = T_solid
    block = hs:1
    num_layers = 10
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [average_temp]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [layered_average]
    type = SpatialUserObjectAux
    variable = average_temp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    user_object = average_temp_uo
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
  [mat2]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.6
    cp = 1.
    rho = 1.
  []
  [mat3]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 21.5
    cp = 350.
    rho = 6.55e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = 20

    initial_T = '300 + 10 * sin(0.5 * z * pi / 3.865)'

    names = '1 2 3'
    widths = '0.004 0.0001 0.0005'
    n_part_elems = '10 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'mat1 mat2 mat3'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'average_temp'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/interfaces/discrete_line_segment_interface/discrete_line_segment_interface.i)

# Tests DiscreteLineSegmentInterface

[AuxVariables]
  [testvar]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [testvar_aux]
    type = DiscreteLineSegmentInterfaceTestAux
    variable = testvar
    test_type = axial_coord
    position = '5 -4 2'
    orientation = '-1 3 -5'
    rotation = 60
    length = '2.0 3.0 5.0'
    n_elems = '4 6 10'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '5 -4 2'
    orientation = '-1 3 -5'
    rotation = 60
    length = '2.0 3.0 5.0'
    n_elems = '4 6 10'
    axial_region_names = 'section0 section1 section2'

    names = 'region1 region2 region3'
    widths = '1.0 3.0 2.0'
    n_part_elems = '2 6 8'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'axial_coord'
  exodus = true
  hide = 'T_solid'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/steady_state.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
    initial_speed = 1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/geometrical_component/err.2nd_order.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 353.1
  initial_vel = 0.0

  2nd_order_mesh = true

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    names = 'blk'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '2'
    solid_properties = 'hs-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 350
  []

  [start]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:start
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 4.0

  [Quadrature]
    type = TRAP
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/05_secondary_side.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_2nd_order_with_trap.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.17e6
  initial_vel = 1.
  initial_T = 564.15

  2nd_order_mesh = true
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-1

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 2.0

  [Quadrature]
    type = TRAP
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/steady.i)

# Tests that cylindrical heat structure geometry can be used with a steady executioner.

[Functions]
  [power_profile_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.570796326794897 * sin(x / 3.6576 * pi)'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1.0412e2
    cp = 288.734
    k = 3.65
  []
  [gap_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1.0
    cp = 1.0
    k = 1.084498
  []
  [clad_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 6.6e1
    cp = 321.384
    k = 16.48672
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 20
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '3 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel_sp gap_sp clad_sp'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = power_profile_fn
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/err.no_phf.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 2
    rho = 3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    fp = fp
    f = 0.01

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    names = 'blk'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = START
    flow_channel = fch1
    Hw = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_z.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - z) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 2
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_temperature/phy.child.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [ss316]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8.0272e3
    cp = 502.1
    k = 16.26
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = 0.1
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [ext_temperature]
    type = HSBoundaryExternalAppTemperature
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'T_ext'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d2d_radiation/adjacent_cylinders.i)

# This input file is used to test that HSCoupler2D2DRadiation can perform
# radiative heat transfer between multiple heat structures (surfaces 1 and 2)
# and the environment (surface 3).

emissivity1 = 0.8
emissivity2 = 0.5

orientation = '0 0 1'

length = 0.5
n_axial_elems = 10

radius = 0.1
n_radial_elems = 10

initial_T1 = 1200
initial_T2 = 1000
T3 = 300
T_ref = 300

y_shift = 0.5
position1 = '0 0 0'
position2 = '0 ${y_shift} 0'

view_factor_12 = ${fparse (pi - 2) / (2*pi)}
view_factor_13 = ${fparse 1.0 - view_factor_12}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position1}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []
  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position2}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []
  [hs_coupler]
    type = HSCoupler2D2DRadiation
    heat_structures = 'hs1 hs2'
    boundaries = 'hs1:outer hs2:outer'
    emissivities = '${emissivity1} ${emissivity2}'
    include_environment = true
    T_environment = ${T3}
    view_factors = '
      0 ${view_factor_12} ${view_factor_13};
      ${view_factor_12} 0 ${view_factor_13};
      0 0 1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'adjacent_cylinders'
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'shaft:omega'
  execute_on = 'initial'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/err.base.i)

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'hs:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mock_power_aux]
    type = ConstantAux
    variable = power_density
    value = 1e9
    block = 'hs:fuel'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromPowerDensity
    power_density = power_density
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/restart_1phase/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct2]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
    position = '2 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '2 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0.01 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    T = 507
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
    p = 6e6
  []

  [hx3ext]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe3
    P_hf = 0.0449254
    Hw = 100000
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  automatic_scaling = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/function_side_integral_rz/function_side_integral_rz.i)

# Tests the FunctionSideIntegralRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
q = ${fparse Q / S}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [q_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${q}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = FunctionSideIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    function = q_fn
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'function_side_integral_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/clg.test.i)

[Functions]
  [torque_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 2
      1 3'
  []

  [inertia_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 1
      1 2'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
    initial_speed = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [motor_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = motor
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [test]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = motor
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  dt = 0.2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'test'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_specified_temperature/err.no_bnd.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 2
    k = 3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2

    names = 'blk'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    boundary = 'hs:inner'
    hs = hs
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.conservation.i)

# Tests energy conservation for HeatGeneration component when a power component is used

n_units = 5
power = 1e5
power_fraction = 0.3
t = 1

energy_change = ${fparse power_fraction * power * t}

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-3
[]

[Functions]
  [power_shape]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0.4
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [main-material]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1e4
    cp = 500.0
    rho = 100.0
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    num_rods = ${n_units}

    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 100

    names = 'rgn1 rgn2 rgn3'
    solid_properties = 'main-material main-material main-material'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
    widths = '0.4 0.1 0.5'
    n_part_elems = '2 2 2'

    initial_T = 300
  []
  [heat_generation]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = heat_structure
    regions = 'rgn1 rgn2'
    power = total_power
    power_fraction = ${power_fraction}
  []
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${power}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'heat_structure:rgn1 heat_structure:rgn2 heat_structure:rgn3'
    n_units = ${n_units}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_tot_change_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_tot_change
    value2 = ${energy_change}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_tot_change_rel_err'
  execute_on = 'final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/err.not_a_3d_hs.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1000
    cp = 100
    k = 30
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1000*y+300+30*z'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 6
    length = 1
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    A   = 0.00314159
    D_h  = 0.2
    f = 0.01
  []
  [in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    widths = 0.1
    inner_radius = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 6
    n_part_elems = 1
    initial_T = T_init
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = blk
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:inner
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 0.156434465
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs]
    type = HeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = blk:0
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_fch energy_hs'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
   compute_relative_change = false
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  solve_type = PJFNK
  line_search = basic
  num_steps = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-08
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.cylinder_power_shape_fn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e0
[]

[Functions]
  [psf]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 191.67
    rho = 1.4583e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 64
    cp = 1272
    rho = 865
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 26
    cp = 638
    rho = 7.646e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 3.0e4
  []

  [CH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 16

    initial_T = 628.15

    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.003015 0.000465  0.00052'
    n_part_elems = '20 2 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CH1:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = CH1:solid
    regions = 'fuel'
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = psf
    power_fraction = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 40

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 50
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/clg.power.i)

[Functions]
  [decayheatcurve]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0'
    y = '1.0 .8382 .572 .3806 .2792 .2246 .1904 .1672 .1503 .1376 .1275 .1032 .09884
             .09209 .0869 .08271 .07922 .07375 .06967'
  []

  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    # this matches the decay heat curve function
    x = '0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0'
    y = '0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0  2.0'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1.
  []

  [ch1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
    names = '0'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [reactor_power_control]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
    function = decayheatcurve
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [reactor_power]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'reactor_power'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)

# This input file models an open, recuperated Brayton cycle with a PID
# controlled start up using a coupled motor.
#
# Heat is supplied to the system by a volumetric heat source, and a second heat
# source is used to model a recuperator. The recuperator transfers heat from the
# turbine exhaust gas to the compressor outlet gas.
#
# Initially the fluid and heat structures are at rest at ambient conditions,
# and the shaft speed is zero.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
#   * 0   - 2000 s: Motor increases shaft speed to approx. 85,000 RPM by PID control
#   * 1000 - 8600 s: Power in main heat source increases from 0 - 104 kW
#   * 2000 - 200000 s: Torque supplied by turbine increases to steady state level
#                      as working fluid temperature increases. Torque supplied by
#                      the motor is ramped down to 0 N-m transitioning shaft control
#                      to the turbine at its rated speed of 96,000 RPM.


I_motor = 1.0

I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025

motor_ramp_up_duration = 3605
motor_ramp_down_duration = 1800
post_motor_time = 2160000
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}

D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}
D7 = ${D1}
D8 = ${D1}

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}
A7 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D7^2}
A8 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D8^2}

recuperator_width = 0.15

L1 = 5.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L4 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}
L7 = ${fparse L1 + recuperator_width}
L8 = ${L1}

x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${x3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 - L4}
x6 = ${x5}
x7 = ${fparse x6 + L6}
x8 = ${fparse x7 + L7}

y1 = 0
y2 = ${y1}
y3 = ${y2}
y4 = ${fparse y3 - L3}
y5 = ${y4}
y6 = ${fparse y5 + L5}
y7 = ${y6}
y8 = ${y7}

x1_out = ${fparse x1 + L1 - 0.001}
x2_in = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
y5_in = ${fparse y5 + 0.001}
x6_out = ${fparse x6 + L6 - 0.001}
x7_in = ${fparse x7 + 0.001}
y8_in = ${fparse y8 + 0.001}
y8_out = ${fparse y8 + L8 - 0.001}
hot_leg_in = ${y8_in}
hot_leg_out = ${y8_out}
cold_leg_in = ${fparse y3 - 0.001}
cold_leg_out = ${fparse y3 - (L3/2) - 0.001}

n_elems1 = 5
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems7 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems8 = ${n_elems1}

A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0

A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0

c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112

rated_mfr = 0.25

speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}

speed_initial = 0

eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843

T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5

hs_power = 105750
[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = ${p_ambient}
  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################


  # Functions for control logic that determines when to shut off the PID system
  [is_tripped_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    expression = 'turbine_torque > motor_torque'
  []
  [PID_tripped_constant_value]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [PID_tripped_status_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status'
    expression = 'PID_trip_status'
  []
  [time_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t
  []

  # Shutdown function which ramps down the motor once told by the control logic
  [motor_torque_fn_shutdown]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    expression = 'if(PID_trip_status = 1, max(2.4 - (2.4 * ((t - time_trip) / 35000)),0.0), 1)'
  []

  # Generates motor power curve
  [motor_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Generator
  ##########################

  # Generates generator torque curve
  [generator_torque_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'slope * t'
    symbol_names = 'slope'
    symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
  []
  # Generates generator power curve
  [generator_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  # Ramps up reactor power when activated by control logic
  [power_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1000 8600'
    y = '0 0 ${hs_power}'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################

  # compressor pressure ratios
  [rp_comp1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # compressor efficiencies
  [eff_comp1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []

  ##########################
  # Turbine
  ##########################

  # turbine pressure ratios
  [rp_turb0]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [rp_turb1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # turbine efficiency
  [eff_turb1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
[]

[Components]

  # system inlet pulling air from the open atmosphere
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = ${p_ambient}
    T0 = ${T_ambient}
  []

  # Inlet pipe
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x1} ${y1} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${n_elems1}
    A = ${A1}
  []

  # Compressor as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020)
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe1:out'
    outlet = 'pipe2:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
    volume = ${V_comp}

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_comp}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'

    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Outlet pipe from the compressor
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems2}
    A = ${A2}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 2 and 3
  [junction2_cold_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out cold_leg:in'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A2*0.1}
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Cold leg of the recuperator
  [cold_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []

  # Recuperator which transfers heat from exhaust gas to reactor inlet gas to improve thermal efficency
  [recuperator]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    widths = ${recuperator_width}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = recuperator
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = ${D1}
  []
  # heat transfer from recuperator to cold leg
  [heat_transfer_cold_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = cold_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []
  # heat transfer from hot leg to recuperator
  [heat_transfer_hot_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = hot_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [junction_cold_leg_3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cold_leg:out pipe3:in'
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${fparse y3 - (L3/2)} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []
  # 90 degree connection between pipe 3 and 4
  [junction3_4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A3*0.1}
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Pipe through the "reactor core"
  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = ${L4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    A = ${A4}
  []

  # "Reactor Core" and it's associated heat transfer to pipe 4
  [reactor]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    length = ${L4}
    widths = 0.15
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = core
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 0
  []
  [heat_generation]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    power = total_power
    hs = reactor
    regions = core
  []
  [heat_transfer]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe4
    hs = reactor
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 4 and 5
  [junction4_5]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe4:out pipe5:in'
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A4*0.1}
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Pipe carrying hot gas back to the PCU
  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L5}
    n_elems = ${n_elems5}
    A = ${A5}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 5 and 6
  [junction5_6]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A5*0.1}
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Inlet pipe to the turbine
  [pipe6]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L6}
    n_elems = ${n_elems6}
    A = ${A6}
  []

  # Turbine as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020) and (Wright 2006)
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe6:out'
    outlet = 'pipe7:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
    volume = ${V_turb}

    # A turbine is treated as an "inverse" compressor, this value determines if component is to be treated as turbine or compressor
    # If treat_as_turbine is omitted, code automatically assumes it is a compressor
    treat_as_turbine = true

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_turb}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'

    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Outlet pipe from turbine
  [pipe7]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L7}
    n_elems = ${n_elems7}
    A = ${A7}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 7 and 8
  [junction7_hot_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe7:out hot_leg:in'
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A7*0.1}
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  # Hot leg of the recuperator
  [hot_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L8}
    n_elems = ${n_elems8}
    A = ${A8}
  []

  # System outlet dumping exhaust gas to the atmosphere
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hot_leg:out'
    p = ${p_ambient}
  []

  # Roatating shaft connecting motor, compressor, turbine, and generator
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
    initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
  []

  # 3-Phase electircal motor used for system start-up, controlled by PID
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_motor}
    torque = 0 # controlled
  []

  # Electric generator supplying power to the grid
  [generator]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_generator}
    torque = generator_torque_fn
  []
[]


# Control logics which govern startup of the motor, startup of the "reactor core", and shutdown of the motor
[ControlLogic]

  # Sets desired shaft speed to be reached by motor NOTE: SHOULD BE SET LOWER THAN RATED TURBINE RPM
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm - 9000}
  []

  # PID with gains determined by iterative process NOTE: Gain values are system specific
  [initial_motor_PID]
    type = PIDControl
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = shaft_RPM
    initial_value = 0
    K_p = 0.0011
    K_i = 0.00000004
    K_d = 0
  []

  # Determines when the PID system should be running and when it should begin the shutdown cycle. If needed: PID output, else: shutdown function
  [logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'if(motor+0.5 > turb, PID, shutdown_fn)'
    symbol_names = 'motor turb PID shutdown_fn'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque initial_motor_PID:output motor_torque_fn_shutdown'
  []

  # Takes the output generated in [logic] and applies it to the motor torque
  [motor_PID]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = motor
    parameter = torque
    value = logic:value
  []
  # Determines when to turn on heat source
  [power_logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'power_fn'
    symbol_names = 'power_fn'
    symbol_values = 'power_fn'
  []
  # Applies heat source to the total_power block
  [power_applied]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
    value = power_logic:value
  []
[]

[Controls]

  # Enables set_PID_tripped
  [PID_trip_status]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = is_tripped_fn
    enable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::PID_trip_status_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Enables set_time_PID
  [time_PID]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = PID_tripped_status_fn
    disable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::time_trip_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]

  # Creates a variable that will later be set to the time when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
  []

  # Creates variable which indicates if tau_turbine > tau_motor....... If tau_motor > tau_turbine, 0, else 1
  [PID_trip_status]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxScalarKernels]

  # Creates variable from time_fn which indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = time_fn
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Overwrites variable PID_trip_status to the value from PID_tripped_constant_value (changes 0 to 1)
  [PID_trip_status_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = PID_tripped_constant_value
    variable = PID_trip_status
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
    enable = false
  []
[]


[Postprocessors]

  # Indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [trip_time]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################

  [motor_torque]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = motor
    parameter = torque
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [motor_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = motor_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # generator
  ##########################

  [generator_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [generator_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = generator_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Shaft
  ##########################

  # Speed in rad/s
  [shaft_speed]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'shaft:omega'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  # speed in RPM
  [shaft_RPM]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'shaft_speed'
    expression = '(shaft_speed * 60) /( 2 * ${fparse pi})'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################
  [comp_dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = dissipation_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = isentropic_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = friction_torque
    block = 'compressor'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'comp_dissipation_torque comp_isentropic_torque comp_friction_torque'
    expression = 'comp_dissipation_torque + comp_isentropic_torque + comp_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
    expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'T_in_comp T_out_comp'
    expression = '(T_out_comp - T_in_comp) / T_out_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_comp]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = compressor
  []

  ##########################
  # turbine
  ##########################

  [turb_dissipation_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = dissipation_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_isentropic_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = isentropic_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_friction_torque]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = friction_torque
    block = 'turbine'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'turb_dissipation_torque turb_isentropic_torque turb_friction_torque'
    expression = 'turb_dissipation_torque + turb_isentropic_torque + turb_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_turb]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
    expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_turb]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe6:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = turbine
  []

  ##########################
  # Recuperator
  ##########################

  [cold_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [cold_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  [reactor_inlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [reactor_outlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x5} ${y5_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = ${t3}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    growth_factor = 1.1
    cutback_factor = 0.9
  []
  dtmin = 1e-5
  dtmax = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_start_time = 200000

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname  = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value  = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [e]
    type = Exodus
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle_out'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle'
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb pressure_ratio pressure_ratio'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_bc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_radiation/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 1200
T_ambient = 1500
emissivity = 0.3
view_factor = 0.6
t = 5.0

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

stefan_boltzmann = 5.670367e-8
R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
heat_flux = ${fparse stefan_boltzmann * emissivity * view_factor * (T_ambient^4 - T_hs^4)}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux * A}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryRadiation
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    emissivity = ${emissivity}
    view_factor = ${view_factor}
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = hs_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/jac.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 2
  initial_T = 300

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  scaling_factor_temperature = '1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 100
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = ' 1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/phy.cylinder_power_shape_aux_var.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e1
[]

[Functions]
  [HeatFunction]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1313127093.32191
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 191.67
    rho = 1.4583e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 64
    cp = 1272
    rho = 865
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 26
    cp = 638
    rho = 7.646e3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'CH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mock_power_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = power_density
    function = HeatFunction
    block = 'CH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 3.0e4
  []

  [CH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 16

    initial_T = 628.15

    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.003015 0.000465  0.00052'
    n_part_elems = '20 2 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CH1:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromPowerDensity
    hs = CH1:solid
    regions = 'fuel'
    power_density = power_density
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 40

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 50
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d3d/hs_coupler_2d3d.i)

# Tests physics and energy conservation for HSCoupler2D3D.

R_pipe = 0.005
length_matrix = 0.5
length_extend = 0.6

n_elems_radial = 3
n_elems_axial_matrix = 10
n_elems_axial_extend = 12

[Materials]
  [matrix_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 'hs3d:0 hs2d:pipe'
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '8000 500 15'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [initial_T_matrix_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '300 + 100*z - 1000*x'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs3d]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = mesh/mesh.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = initial_T_matrix_fn
  []

  [hs2d]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = '${length_matrix} ${length_extend}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_axial_matrix} ${n_elems_axial_extend}'
    axial_region_names = 'matrix extend'

    inner_radius = 0
    widths = '${R_pipe}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    names = 'pipe'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs_coupler]
    type = HSCoupler2D3D
    heat_structure_2d = hs2d
    heat_structure_3d = hs3d
    boundary_2d = hs2d:matrix:outer
    boundary_3d = hs3d:rmin

    include_radiation = false
    gap_thickness = 0.00001
    gap_thermal_conductivity = 0.05
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs3d]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = 'hs3d:0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_hs2d]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs2d:pipe'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_hs3d energy_hs2d'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_radiation_rz/heat_rate_radiation_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateRadiationRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
sigma = 5.670367e-8
emissivity = ${fparse Q / (S * sigma * (T_ambient^4 - T^4))}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateRadiationRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    T = T_solid
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    emissivity = ${emissivity}
    stefan_boltzmann_constant = ${sigma}
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_radiation_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/err.base.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 10
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    power_fraction = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/steady_state.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_T_ic.i)

# Tests that error is generated when no initial temperature function is provided
# when not restarting.

[GlobalParams]
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-1

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 2.0
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_conduction_rz/heat_rate_conduction_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateConductionRZ post-processor.

R_i = 0.1
thickness = 0.2
L = 3.0

R_o = ${fparse R_i + thickness}
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

k = 20.0
T_i = 300.0
T_o = 500.0

dT_dr = ${fparse (T_o - T_i) / thickness}

Q_exact = ${fparse k * dT_dr * S}

[Materials]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '1.0 1.0 ${k}'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '${T_i} + (y - ${R_i}) * ${dT_dr}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = T_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateConductionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    temperature = T_solid
    thermal_conductivity = thermal_conductivity
    inward = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [Q_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = Q_pp
    value2 = ${Q_exact}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_conduction_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'Q_err'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_x.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - x) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 -0.2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 -0.1 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    #rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/phy.constant_power.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1234.
  []

  [ch1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
    names = '0'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [reactor_power]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'reactor_power'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/part_base.i)

[Functions]
  [power_profile_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.570796326794897 * sin(x / 3.6576 * pi)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 20
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '3 1 1'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = power_profile_fn
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 2
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = transient
  exodus = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateExternalAppConvectionRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
htc = ${fparse Q / (S * (T_ambient - T))}

[AuxVariables]
  [T_ext]
    initial_condition = ${T_ambient}
  []
  [htc_ext]
    initial_condition = ${htc}
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateExternalAppConvectionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    htc_ext = htc_ext
    T = T_solid
    T_ext = T_ext
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_ambient_convection/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 300
T_ambient1 = 500
htc1 = 100
T_ambient2 = 400
htc2 = 300
t = 0.001

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
heat_flux_avg = ${fparse 0.5 * (htc1 * (T_ambient1 - T_hs) + htc2 * (T_ambient2 - T_hs))}
heat_flux_integral = ${fparse heat_flux_avg * A}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux_integral}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[Functions]
  [T_ambient_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 1'
    y = '${T_ambient1} ${T_ambient2}'
  []
  [htc_ambient_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 1'
    y = '${htc1} ${htc2}'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [ambient_convection]
    type = HSBoundaryAmbientConvection
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    T_ambient = T_ambient_fn
    htc_ambient = htc_ambient_fn
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = ambient_convection_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
    solve_type = lumped
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_heat_flux/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 300
heat_flux = 1000
t = 0.001

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux * A}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[Functions]
  [q_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${heat_flux}
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [heat_flux_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryHeatFlux
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    q = q_fn
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = heat_flux_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
    solve_type = lumped
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateHeatFluxRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
q = ${fparse Q / S}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateHeatFluxRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    q = ${q}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.variable_init_t.i)

# Tests that a function can be used to initialize temperature in a heat structure.

[GlobalParams]
[]

[Functions]
  [fn-initial_T]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'baseT + (dT * sin((pi * x) / length))'
    symbol_names = 'baseT   dT    length'
    symbol_values = '560.0  30.0  3.6576'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.1
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 100
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '10 3 3'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = fn-initial_T
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 580.0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 8

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/heat_structure_2d_coupler.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '-0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 500
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '0.5 0.5'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'axregion1 axregion2'

    names = 'region1 region2'
    widths = '0.5 0.2'
    n_part_elems = '5 3'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs3]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 500
  []

  [hs_coupling_1_2]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs2
    secondary_heat_structure = hs1
    primary_boundary = hs2:region1:start
    secondary_boundary = hs1:end
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 1000
  []

  [hs_coupling_2_3]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs2
    secondary_heat_structure = hs3
    primary_boundary = hs2:axregion2:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs3:inner
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 500
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1 hs2:region1 hs2:region2 hs3:region1'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1000
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'cylindrical'
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/fin_enhancement.i)

# This test has 2 pipes, each surrounded by a cylindrical HS:
#
#   - pipe1: no fin heat transfer enhancement
#   - pipe2: fin heat transfer enhancement

diam = 0.01
area = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * diam^2}

length = 1.0
n_elems = 10

t_hs = 0.02
n_elems_radial = 5

rho_inlet = 1359.792245 # @ T = 300 K, p = 1e5 Pa
vel_inlet = 1.0
T_inlet = 300
p_outlet = 1e5
T_initial_hs = 800
mfr_inlet = ${fparse rho_inlet * vel_inlet * area}

htc = 100

# Suppose that there are 20 rectangular, 1-mm-thick fins of height 1 mm over the length
# of the cooled section.
n_fin = 20
h_fin = 0.001
t_fin = 0.001
A_fin_single = ${fparse (2 * h_fin + t_fin ) * length}
A_fin = ${fparse n_fin * A_fin_single}
A_cooled = ${fparse pi * diam * length}
A_total = ${fparse A_fin + A_cooled - n_fin * t_fin * length}
fin_area_fraction = ${fparse A_fin / A_total}
area_increase_factor = ${fparse A_total / A_cooled}
fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse (2 * length + 2 * t_fin) / (length * t_fin)}

k_fin = 15.0

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [sp_ss316]
    type = ThermalSS316Properties
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [fin_efficiency_fmat]
    type = FinEfficiencyFunctorMaterial
    fin_height = ${h_fin}
    fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse fin_perimeter_area_ratio}
    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc}
    thermal_conductivity = ${k_fin}
    fin_efficiency_name = fin_efficiency
  []
  [fin_enhancement_fmat]
    type = FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial
    fin_efficiency = fin_efficiency
    fin_area_fraction = ${fin_area_fraction}
    area_increase_factor = ${area_increase_factor}
    fin_enhancement_factor_name = fin_enhancement
  []
[]

[Components]
  # pipe1

  [pipe1_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
    T = ${T_inlet}
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    A = ${area}
    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []
  [pipe1_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_outlet}
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
  [ht1]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe1
    hs = hs1
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = ${htc}
  []
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${t_hs}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
  []

  # pipe 2

  [pipe2_inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    m_dot = ${mfr_inlet}
    T = ${T_inlet}
    input = 'pipe2:in'
  []
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
    position = '0 0.5 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    A = ${area}
    initial_T = ${T_inlet}
    initial_p = ${p_outlet}
    initial_vel = ${vel_inlet}
    fp = fp
    closures = simple_closures
    f = 0
    scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  []
  [pipe2_outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    p = ${p_outlet}
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []
  [ht2]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe2
    hs = hs2
    hs_side = inner
    Hw = ${htc}
    scale = fin_enhancement
  []
  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0.5 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_elems}
    inner_radius = ${fparse 0.5 * diam}
    names = 'main'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${t_hs}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    initial_T = ${T_initial_hs}
    scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pipe1_T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    block = 'pipe1'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [pipe2_T_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = T
    block = 'pipe2'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [hs1_T_avg]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs1:inner'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hs2_T_avg]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs2:inner'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = 10.0
  dt = 1.0

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_y.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - y) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 1 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/utils/logger/test.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [a]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [componentA]
    type = LoggerTestComponent
    log_warnings = true
    log_errors = true
  []

  [componentB]
    type = LoggerTestComponent
    log_warnings = true
    log_errors = true
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    names = '0'
    widths = '0.1'
    solid_properties = 'a'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_elems = 1
    n_part_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_heat_flux/sub.i)

# Sub input file.

L = 5.0
radius = 0.01

n_elems_axial = 10
n_elems_radial = 5

T_initial = 300.0
power = 1000.0
t = 10.0
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

rho = 8000.0
cp = 500.0
k = 15.0

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${rho}
    cp = ${cp}
    k = ${k}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_axial}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${T_initial}
  []
  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryExternalAppHeatFlux
    hs = hs
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    heat_flux_name = q_ext
    heat_flux_is_inward = true
    perimeter_ext = P_ext
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:body'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [integral_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = hs_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_change_relerr integral_relerr'
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/output/paraview_component_annotation_map/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  f = 0
  fp = fp

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [m]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '-0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [wall1i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:in
  []

  [wall1o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:out
  []

  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '-0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 90
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    A = 1
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
  []

  [wall2i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:in
  []

  [wall2o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:out
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 270
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1

  automatic_scaling = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
[]

[Outputs]
  [map]
    type = ParaviewComponentAnnotationMap
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/03_upper_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'up_pipe_1:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe:in'
  []

  [top_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'down_pipe_2:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/side_flux_integral_rz/side_flux_integral_rz.i)

# Tests the SideFluxIntegralRZ post-processor, both for an axial boundary and
# a radial boundary.
#
# The temperature distribution and thermal conductivity are set as follows:
#   T(x,r) = xr
#   k = 5
#
# First, the following axial boundary is tested:
#   (x,r) in x0 X (r0, r1),
#   x0 = 3, r0 = 1.5, r1 = 2.2
# with n = +e_x (positive x-direction).
# In this case, the integral of [-k grad(T) * n] is
#   Q = -2/3 pi k (r1^3 - r0^3)
#     = -76.16267789852857
#
# Next, the following radial boundary is tested:
#  (x,r) in (x0,x1) X r0
#  x0 = 0, x1 = 5, r0 = 1.5
# with n = -e_r (negative r-direction).
# In this case, the integral of [-k grad(T) * n] is
#   Q = pi * r0 * k (x1^2 - x0^2)
#     = 589.0486225480862

R_i = 1.0

[Functions]
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x * y'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hsmat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 5
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '3 2'
    n_elems = '5 4'
    axial_region_names = 'axial1 axial2'

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    names = 'radial1 radial2'
    solid_properties = 'hsmat hsmat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    widths = '0.5 0.7'
    n_part_elems = '2 3'

    initial_T = T_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_axial]
    type = ADSideFluxIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:radial2:axial1:axial2
    variable = T_solid
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [Q_radial]
    type = ADSideFluxIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:radial1:radial2
    variable = T_solid
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/04_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct10]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    expression = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
  [pump_head]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = pump
    parameter = head
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_ambient_convection/cylindrical_with_fins.i)

T_initial = 500
T_ref = ${T_initial}

T_ambient = 300
htc_ambient = 100

L_uncooled = 1.0
L_cooled = 1.0
diameter = 0.01

# Suppose that there are 10 rectangular, 1-mm-thick fins of height 1 cm over the length
# of the cooled section.
n_fin = 10
h_fin = 0.01
t_fin = 0.001
A_fin_single = ${fparse (2 * h_fin + t_fin ) * L_cooled}
A_fin = ${fparse n_fin * A_fin_single}
A_cooled = ${fparse pi * diameter * L_cooled}
A_total = ${fparse A_fin + A_cooled - n_fin * t_fin * L_cooled}
fin_area_fraction = ${fparse A_fin / A_total}
area_increase_factor = ${fparse A_total / A_cooled}
fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse (2 * L_cooled + 2 * t_fin) / (L_cooled * t_fin)}

k_fin = 15.0

n_elems_uncooled = 10
n_elems_cooled = 10
n_elems_radial = 5

[SolidProperties]
  [sp_ss316]
    type = ThermalSS316Properties
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [fin_efficiency_fmat]
    type = FinEfficiencyFunctorMaterial
    fin_height = ${h_fin}
    fin_perimeter_area_ratio = ${fparse fin_perimeter_area_ratio}
    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc_ambient}
    thermal_conductivity = ${k_fin}
    fin_efficiency_name = fin_efficiency
  []
  [fin_enhancement_fmat]
    type = FinEnhancementFactorFunctorMaterial
    fin_efficiency = fin_efficiency
    fin_area_fraction = ${fin_area_fraction}
    area_increase_factor = ${area_increase_factor}
    fin_enhancement_factor_name = fin_enhancement
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe_with_fins]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = '${L_uncooled} ${L_cooled}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_uncooled} ${n_elems_cooled}'
    axial_region_names = 'uncooled cooled'

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${diameter}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${T_initial}
  []
  [pipe_without_fins]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0.02 0'
    length = '${L_uncooled} ${L_cooled}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_uncooled} ${n_elems_cooled}'
    axial_region_names = 'uncooled cooled'

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${diameter}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    solid_properties = 'sp_ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${T_initial}
  []

  [pipe_with_fins_convection]
    type = HSBoundaryAmbientConvection
    boundary = 'pipe_with_fins:cooled:outer'
    hs = pipe_with_fins
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    htc_ambient = ${htc_ambient}
    scale = fin_enhancement
  []
  [pipe_without_fins_convection]
    type = HSBoundaryAmbientConvection
    boundary = 'pipe_without_fins:cooled:outer'
    hs = pipe_without_fins
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    htc_ambient = ${htc_ambient}
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 5

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/element_integral_material_property_rz/element_integral_material_property_rz.i)

# Tests the ADElementIntegralMaterialPropertyRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
V = ${fparse pi * (R_o^2 - R_i^2) * L}

rho_value = 5.0
mass = ${fparse rho_value * V}

[Materials]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '${rho_value} 1.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass]
    type = ADElementIntegralMaterialPropertyRZ
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    mat_prop = density
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [mass_error]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = mass
    value2 = ${mass}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'element_integral_material_property_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_error'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/steady_state.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  initial_T = 500
  initial_p = 6.e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/surrogate_power_profile/surrogate_power_profile.i)

# This takes an exodus file with a power profile and uses that in a heat structure
# of a core channel as power density.  This tests the capability of taking a
# rattlesnake generated power profile and using it in RELAP-7.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.5e6
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 559.15

  gravity_vector = '0 -9.8 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.6
    cp = 1.
    rho = 1.
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 21.5
    cp = 350.
    rho = 6.55e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [CCH1:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.02 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01
    fp = water
  []

  [CCH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.024748 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    initial_T = 559.15
    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.004096 0.0001 0.000552'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CCH1:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = CCH1:pipe
    hs = CCH1:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 5.33e4
    P_hf = 2.9832563838489e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 559.15
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:out'
    p = 15.5e6
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [reactor_power_density_uo]
    type = SolutionUserObject
    mesh = 'power_profile.e'
    system_variables = power_density
    translation = '0. 0. 0.'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [power_density_fn]
    type = SolutionFunction
    from_variable = power_density
    solution = reactor_power_density_uo
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [power_density_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = power_density
    function = power_density_fn
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 1e-2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/separated.i)

# Tests HeatStructure2DCoupler when the heat structures are separated by some
# distance. The first heat structure has a larger coupling surface than the
# second heat structure. The component will be used to model a given energy
# transfer rate per unit temperature difference [W/K]. This test checks that:
#   a) heat transfer occurs in the correct direction
#   b) energy is conserved
#
# With a goal of transferring 5 W/K and a temperature difference of 200 K, and
# a transient time of 10 seconds, ~10 kJ should be transferred. Note that this
# estimate will not be exact since the temperature difference changes slightly
# over the transient.

initial_T1 = 500
initial_T2 = 300

R1 = 0.1
R2 = 0.05

P2 = ${fparse 2 * pi * R2}

power_per_K = 5.0
L_hs = 0.5
htc = ${fparse power_per_K / (L_hs * P2)}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${L_hs}'
    n_elems = '5'

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${R1}'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0.3 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${L_hs}'
    n_elems = '5'

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${R2}'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []

  [hs_coupling]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs1
    secondary_heat_structure = hs2
    primary_boundary = hs1:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs2:outer
    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs1]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs1_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs1
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [E_hs2]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs2:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    axis_point = '0 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs2_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs2
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [E_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_hs1 E_hs2'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1.0
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_hs1_change E_hs2_change E_tot_change'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/2nd_order.i)

# This tests ensures that 2nd-order meshes can be used; it checks for the
# "Solve Converged" string at the end of a time step.

[GlobalParams]
  2nd_order_mesh = true
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d2d_radiation/concentric_cylinders.i)

# This input file is used to test that HSCoupler2D2DRadiation produces
# the exact same heat fluxes as HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ for the case
# of two concentric cylindrical heat structures forming an enclosure.
#
# We solve two independent problems, one using HSCoupler2D2DRadiation, and
# the other using HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ.

emissivity1 = 0.75
emissivity2 = 0.5

orientation = '0 0 1'

length = 0.5
n_axial_elems = 10

outer_radius1 = 0.1
inner_radius2 = 0.15
outer_radius2 = 0.2
thickness2 = ${fparse outer_radius2 - inner_radius2}
n_radial_elems1 = 10
n_radial_elems2 = 5

initial_T1 = 300
initial_T2 = 1000
T_ref = 300

y_shiftB = 0.5

view_factor21 = ${fparse outer_radius1 / inner_radius2}
view_factor22 = ${fparse 1.0 - view_factor21}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  # Setup with HSCoupler2D2DRadiation

  [hs1A]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${outer_radius1}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems1}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []
  [hs2A]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    inner_radius = ${inner_radius2}
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness2}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems2}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []
  [hs_couplerA]
    type = HSCoupler2D2DRadiation
    heat_structures = 'hs1A hs2A'
    boundaries = 'hs1A:outer hs2A:inner'
    emissivities = '${emissivity1} ${emissivity2}'
    include_environment = false
    view_factors = '0.0 1.0; ${view_factor21} ${view_factor22}'
  []

  # Setup with HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ

  [hs1B]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 ${y_shiftB} 0'
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${outer_radius1}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems1}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []
  [hs2B]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 ${y_shiftB} 0'
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    inner_radius = ${inner_radius2}
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness2}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems2}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []
  [hs_couplerB]
    type = HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ
    primary_heat_structure = hs1B
    secondary_heat_structure = hs2B
    primary_boundary = hs1B:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs2B:inner
    primary_emissivity = ${emissivity1}
    secondary_emissivity = ${emissivity2}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [T1A]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs1A:outer
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T2A]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs2A:inner
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [T1B]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs1B:outer
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T2B]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs2B:inner
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [T1_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = T1A
    value2 = T1B
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T2_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = T2A
    value2 = T2B
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'concentric_cylinders'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'T1_relerr T2_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/uniform_refine/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = FULL
  f = 0
  fp = eos
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 10
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    position = '1 0 0'

    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0

    use_scalar_variables = false
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '1'
    n_elems = '2'
    names = '0'
    widths = 0.5
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'A'
[]

[Debug]
  show_actions = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.energy_heatstructure_ss_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of energy at steady state for 1-phase flow when a
# heat structure is used. Conservation is checked by comparing the integral of
# the heat flux against the difference of the boundary fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 513

  gravity_vector = '0.0 0.0 0.0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.7
    cp = 3.e2
    rho = 10.42e3
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.7
    cp = 5e3
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1e3
  []

  [core:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [core:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.0071501 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    names =  'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '6.057900E-03  1.524000E-04  9.398000E-04'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 513
  []

  [core:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core:solid
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power = reactor
    power_fraction = 1
  []

  [core:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core:pipe
    hs   = core:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 1.0e4
    P_hf = 4.4925e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:in'
    rho = 817.382210128610836
    vel = 2.4
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = outlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [hf_pipe]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core:pipe
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_diff]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_in
    value2 = E_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_diff hf_pipe'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 5

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 260
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/inner_radial_boundary.i)

# Used for testing that the inner radial boundaries of a heat structure are
# created correctly. A SideValueSampler VPP samples a variable along an inner
# radial boundary and the test verifies that the correct space points and
# variable values are recovered.

[Functions]
  [initial_T_fn_ax_x]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    axis = x
    x = '0 5 10'
    y = '300 500 1000'
  []
  [initial_T_fn_ax_y]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    axis = y
    x = '0 0.75 1.0 4.0 6.0'
    y = '0 0    1.0 1.5 2.0'
  []
  [initial_T_fn]
    type = CompositeFunction
    functions = 'initial_T_fn_ax_x initial_T_fn_ax_y'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10.0
    n_elems = 20

    names = 'region1 region2 region3'
    widths = '1.0 3.0 2.0'
    n_part_elems = '2 6 8'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = initial_T_fn
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [test_vpp]
    type = SideValueSampler
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs:region1:region2'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/test.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'shaft:omega'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_convection_rz/heat_rate_convection_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateConvectionRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
htc = ${fparse Q / (S * (T_ambient - T))}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateConvectionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    htc = ${htc}
    T = T_solid
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_convection_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d2d_radiation/energy_conservation.i)

# This input file is used to test that HSCoupler2D2DRadiation conserves
# energy for a problem where 3 cylindrical heat structures (surfaces 1, 2, and 3)
# are enclosed by an annular heat structure (surface 4). Note that the mesh
# positions used in this input file do not reflect the real positions for this
# configuration, for convenience of viewing solutions.

emissivity1 = 0.8
emissivity2 = 0.5
emissivity3 = 0.2
emissivity4 = 0.9

orientation = '0 0 1'

length = 0.5
n_axial_elems = 10

radius_123 = 0.1
inner_radius_4 = 0.2
outer_radius_4 = 0.25
thickness_4 = ${fparse outer_radius_4 - inner_radius_4}
n_radial_elems_123 = 10
n_radial_elems_4 = 5

initial_T1 = 1200
initial_T2 = 1000
initial_T3 = 800
initial_T4 = 300
T_ref = 300

y_shift = 0.5
position1 = '0 0 0'
position2 = '0 ${y_shift} 0'
position3 = '0 ${fparse 2*y_shift} 0'
position4 = '0 ${fparse 3*y_shift} 0'

view_factor_12 = 0.15 # guessed some number < 1/6
view_factor_14 = ${fparse 1.0 - 2 * view_factor_12}
view_factor_41 = ${fparse radius_123 / inner_radius_4 * view_factor_14}
view_factor_44 = ${fparse 1.0 - 3 * view_factor_41}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position1}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius_123}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems_123}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []
  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position2}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius_123}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems_123}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []
  [hs3]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position3}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius_123}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems_123}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T3}
  []
  [hs4]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = ${position4}
    orientation = ${orientation}
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = ${n_axial_elems}

    inner_radius = ${inner_radius_4}
    names = 'body'
    widths = '${thickness_4}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_radial_elems_4}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '${T_ref}'

    initial_T = ${initial_T4}
  []
  [hs_coupler]
    type = HSCoupler2D2DRadiation
    heat_structures = 'hs1 hs2 hs3 hs4'
    boundaries = 'hs1:outer hs2:outer hs3:outer hs4:inner'
    emissivities = '${emissivity1} ${emissivity2} ${emissivity3} ${emissivity4}'
    include_environment = false
    view_factors = '
      0 ${view_factor_12} ${view_factor_12} ${view_factor_14};
      ${view_factor_12} 0 ${view_factor_12} ${view_factor_14};
      ${view_factor_12} ${view_factor_12} 0 ${view_factor_14};
      ${view_factor_41} ${view_factor_41} ${view_factor_41} ${view_factor_44}'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs1]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:body'
    axis_dir = ${orientation}
    axis_point = ${position1}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs2]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs2:body'
    axis_dir = ${orientation}
    axis_point = ${position2}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs3]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs3:body'
    axis_dir = ${orientation}
    axis_point = ${position3}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs4]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs4:body'
    axis_dir = ${orientation}
    axis_point = ${position4}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = 'E_hs1 + E_hs2 + E_hs3 + E_hs4'
    pp_names = 'E_hs1 E_hs2 E_hs3 E_hs4'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot_err]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    take_absolute_value = true
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'energy_conservation'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_tot_err'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/err.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-5
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_structure_energy/heat_structure_energy_cylinder.i)

# Tests the HeatStructureEnergyRZ post-processor for a cylinder geometry.
#
# The heat structure will consist of 5 units of the following geometry:
#   x in (x1, x2) = (0, 2) => length (x-direction) = 2
#   inner radius = 2
#   region widths: [4, 3]
#     => y region 1: y in (y1, y2) = (2, 6)
#     => y region 2: y in (y2, y3) = (6, 9)
#
# The temperature distribution is the following linear function:
#   T(x,y) = A * x + B * y + C
# where A = 0.2, B = 0.4, C = 0.5.
# The integral of T(x,y) * y w.r.t. y = (y2, y3) is
#   1.0/3.0 * B * (y3^3 - y2^3) + 0.5 * (A * x + C) * (y3^2 - y2^2)
# The integral of this w.r.t. x = (x1, x2) is
#   1.0/3.0 * B * (y3^3 - y2^3) * dx + 0.5 * (0.5 * A * (x2^2 - x1^2) + C * dx) * (y3^2 - y2^2)
# where dx = x2 - x1.
#
# The post-processor computes the integral
#   n_units * 2 pi * rho2 * cp2 * int_x int_y2 T(x, y) * y * dy * dx,
# where n_units = 5.
#
# The relevant heat structure material properties are
#   rho2 = 3
#   cp2 = 5
#
# Finally, n_units * 2 pi * rho2 * cp2 * int(T * y) = 7.930950653987433e+04

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
  [region2-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 5
    rho = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0.2 * x + 0.4 * (y - 2) + 0.5'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    num_rods = 5

    position = '0 2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    inner_radius = 2.0
    length = 2.0
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1 region2'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat region2-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    widths = '4.0 3.0'
    n_part_elems = '5 50'

    initial_T = T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'heat_structure:region2'
    n_units = 5
    axis_point = '0 2 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_structure_energy_cylinder'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/deprecated/heat_generation.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatGeneration
    hs = hs
    regions = fuel
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz.i)

emissivity1 = 0.75
emissivity2 = 0.5

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 1 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25

    inner_radius = 0.1
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 1 0'
    length = '0.5 0.5'
    n_elems = '25 25'
    axial_region_names = 'axregion1 axregion2'

    inner_radius = 0.5
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 1000
  []

  [hs_coupler]
    type = HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ
    primary_heat_structure = hs1
    secondary_heat_structure = hs2
    primary_boundary = hs1:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs2:axregion1:inner
    primary_emissivity = ${emissivity1}
    secondary_emissivity = ${emissivity2}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1 hs2:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 1 0'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T1]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs1:outer
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T2]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs2:axregion1:inner
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_tot_change T1 T2'
  []
[]