Electromagnetics Module

The electromagnetics module provides components and models to simulate electromagnetic wave problems within the MOOSE framework, and facilitates multiphysics coupling of electromagnetic simulations to other physical domains. Features include:

Transient and time-harmonic (i.e., single-frequency, steady-state) simulation in 1D and 2D (3D is currently in development)
Component-wise (scalar variables) and vector field (vector variables) components for the Helmholtz wave form of Maxwell's Equations
Complex field calculations
First-order port boundary conditions (scalar and vector forms)
Electrostatic contact interface conditions based on the work of (Cincotti et al., 2007)
Parallel and perpendicular field interface conditions for electric field based on Maxwell's Equations
Current density and electric field calculation based on electrostatic potential
Fundamental eigenvalue solutions for 2D waveguide profiles
Reflection coefficient calculation for a 1D slab

Figure 1: Electric field radiation pattern of half-wave dipole antenna driven by a 1GHz signal, simulated using the electromagnetics module. Note that field intensity is normalized to 1.0.

Systems - A complete summary of all electromagnetic module objects

Benchmarks

1D Slab Reflection - Calculating the reflection coefficient of a 1D metal-backed dielectric slab
Waveguide Transmission - Complex field pattern in a single-frequency waveguide
Evanescent Wave Decay - Characteristic decay and reflection of an evanescent wave when an obstruction is encountered
Half-wave Dipole Antenna - Radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole antenna excited at 1GHz (time domain result shown in Figure 1)
Waveguide Fundamental Eigenvalue - Fundamental wave number (eigenvalue) of a 2D waveguide profile solved using SLEPc

Verification Problems

Electrostatic Contact, Two Blocks - Verification of electrostatic contact between a driven/powered block and a grounded block
Electrostatic Contact, Three Blocks - Verification of electrostatic contact with a floating block sandwiched between a driven/powered block and a grounded block

Multiphysics Coupling Cases

Coupling electromagnetics and heat transfer modules for wire heating - Example of heating a copper wire through Joule heating by suppling the fusing current

Citing

This paper documents the initial development, function, verification, and validation of the electromagnetics module.

@article{icenhour2024electromagnetics,
  author = {Casey T. Icenhour and Alexander D. Lindsay and Cody J. Permann and Richard C. Martineau and David L. Green and Steven C. Shannon},
  title = {The MOOSE electromagnetics module},
  journal = {SoftwareX},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {101621},
  year = {2024},
  month = {February},
  issn = {2352-7110},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101621},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352711023003175}
}

While the above paper is the main citation, the following PhD dissertation documents the initial development and capabilities of the electromagnetics module in greater detail and could be used alongside the paper above if module capabilities are used in the to-be-published work that are not covered therein.

@phdthesis{icenhourPHDelectromagnetics,
  author = {Icenhour, Casey T.},
  title = {Development and Validation of Open Source Software for Electromagnetics Simulation and Multiphysics Coupling},
  school = {North Carolina State University},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.20/40985}
}

References

A. Cincotti, A. M. Locci, R. Orrù, and G. Cao. Modeling of SPS apparatus: temperature, current and strain distribution with no powders. AIChE Journal, 53(3):703–719, 2007. doi:10.1002/aic.11102.

@article{cincotti2007sps,
    author = "Cincotti, A. and Locci, A. M. and Orrù, R. and Cao, G.",
    title = "Modeling of {SPS} apparatus: Temperature, current and strain distribution with no powders",
    journal = "AIChE Journal",
    volume = "53",
    number = "3",
    pages = "703-719",
    doi = "10.1002/aic.11102",
    year = "2007"
}

Benchmarks
Verification Problems
Multiphysics Coupling Cases
Citing
References