SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 2 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]

  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  [../]

[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = 1
  [../]
[]


[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusivity = 'diffusivity'
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 'diffusivity'
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [tied]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    jump_prop_name = "average_jump"
    penalty = 1e6
    boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    value = 1
  []
  [v_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 0
    initial_diffusivity = 1
    # outputs = all
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 1
    initial_diffusivity = 2
    # outputs = all
  [../]
  [./interface_material_avg]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = average
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
      type = ADInterfaceValueMaterial # To test generic routines
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_primary_minus_secondary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_secondary_minus_primary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_abs]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_abs
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_primary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = primary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_secondary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = secondary
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./interface_material_avg]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_average
    variable = diffusivity_average
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_primary_minus_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_jump_primary_minus_secondary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_secondary_minus_primary
    variable = diffusivity_jump_secondary_minus_primary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_abs]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_abs
    variable = diffusivity_jump_abs
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_primary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_primary
    variable = diffusivity_primary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_secondary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_secondary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [diffusivity_var]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_var
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [diffusivity_var]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_average]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_abs]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_primary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_secondary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

#
# This is used to create the mesh but it does not work with --distributed-mesh flag
# and the parallel test bombs.
#
#[Mesh]
#  type = MeshGeneratorMesh
#
#  [./cartesian]
#    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
#    dim = 2
#    dx = '1 1'
#    ix = '10 10'
#    dy = '1'
#    iy = '10'
#    subdomain_id = '1 2'
#  [../]
#
#  [./interior_bc]
#    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
#    primary_block = 1
#    paired_block = 2
#    new_boundary = 12
#    input = cartesian
#  [../]
#[]

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = current_boundary_id_in.e
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./id1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []

  [./id2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./id1]
    type = BIDAux
    variable = id1
    boundary = 'top'
  [../]

  [./id2]
    type = BIDAux
    variable = id2
    boundary = '12'
  [../]
[]



[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh

  [./cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1 1'
    ix = '2 2 2'
    dy = '5'
    iy = '10'
    subdomain_id = '1 2 3'
  [../]

  [./break_sides]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    boundaries = 'bottom top'
    input = cartesian
  [../]

  [./left_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = left_interior
    input = break_sides
  [../]

  [./right_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = right_interior
    input = left_interior
  [../]
  [./rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = right_interior
    old_block = '1 2 3'
    new_block = '1 4 3'
  [../]
[]


[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
    block = '1 3'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    diffusion_coefficient = 1
    block = '1 3'
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./cavity_radiation]
    type = ConstantViewFactorSurfaceRadiation
    boundary = 'left_interior right_interior bottom_to_2 top_to_2'
    temperature = temperature
    emissivity = '0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8'
    adiabatic_boundary = 'bottom_to_2 top_to_2'
    # these view factors are made up to exactly balance energy
    # transfer through the cavity
    view_factors = '0    0.8 0.1 0.1;
                    0.8  0   0.1 0.1;
                    0.45 0.45  0 0.1;
                    0.45 0.45 0.1  0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./bottom_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    preset = false
    variable = temperature
    boundary = bottom_to_1
    value = 1500
  [../]

  [./top_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    preset = false
    variable = temperature
    boundary = top_to_3
    value = 300
  [../]

  [./radiation]
    type = GrayLambertNeumannBC
    variable = temperature
    reconstruct_emission = false
    surface_radiation_object_name = cavity_radiation
    boundary = 'left_interior right_interior'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./qdot_left]
    type = GrayLambertSurfaceRadiationPP
    boundary = left_interior
    surface_radiation_object_name = cavity_radiation
    return_type = HEAT_FLUX_DENSITY
  [../]

  [./qdot_right]
    type = GrayLambertSurfaceRadiationPP
    boundary = right_interior
    surface_radiation_object_name = cavity_radiation
    return_type = HEAT_FLUX_DENSITY
  [../]

  [./qdot_top]
    type = GrayLambertSurfaceRadiationPP
    boundary = top_to_2
    surface_radiation_object_name = cavity_radiation
    return_type = HEAT_FLUX_DENSITY
  [../]

  [./qdot_bottom]
    type = GrayLambertSurfaceRadiationPP
    boundary = bottom_to_2
    surface_radiation_object_name = cavity_radiation
    return_type = HEAT_FLUX_DENSITY
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'subdomain1'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = '0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = '1'
    initial_condition = 4
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    block = '0'
    coeff = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    coeff1 = 1
    coeff2= 2
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_forced_its = 2
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = 'u'
    value_type = 'min'
    block = '0'
  []
  [max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = 'u'
    block = '0'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = '1'
  [../]
  [w][]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
  [diff_w]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = w
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = ADCoupledInterfacialSource
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    var_source = w
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 1
    D_neighbor = 1
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 10
  [../]
  [./middle]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
  [../]
  [w_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0
  []
  [w_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 4
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 15
    xmax = 3
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [subdomain2]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '2.0 0 0'
    block_id = 2
    top_right = '3.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain2
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0 1'
  []
  [v]
    block = '2'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = '0 1'
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = '2'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bad]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = v
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 40
    xmax = 2
    ny = 40
    ymax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.5 0.5 0'
    top_right = '1.5 1.5 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusivity = D
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = v
    diffusivity = D
    block = 1
  []
  [source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
    block = 0
  []
  [source_v]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = v
    value = 1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left bottom right top'
  []
  [interface_bc]
    type = ADMatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    v = u
    boundary = primary1_interface
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  active = 'diffusion'
  [./diffusion]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = v
    neighbor_var = u
    boundary = primary1_interface
    D = 'D'
    D_neighbor = 'D'
  [../]

  [./penalty]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = v
    neighbor_var = u
    boundary = primary1_interface
    penalty = 1e3
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [mat0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = 0
  []
  [mat1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [c][]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [u]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = c
    coupled_variables = 'u'
    expression = 'u'
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = c
    coupled_variables = 'v'
    expression = 'v'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 6
    ny = 25
    nz = 15
    xmin = 20
    xmax = 30
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 50
    zmin = 10
    zmax = 40
    elem_type = HEX8
  []
  [./left_side]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '24.9 50 50'
  [../]
  [./right_side]
    input = left_side
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '25.1 0 0'
    top_right = '50 50 50'
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    input = right_side
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./c]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [./c]
    type = SpecifiedSmoothCircleIC
    variable = c
    invalue = 1.0
    outvalue = 0.0
    radii =       '4    5  10'
    x_positions = '25   25 25'
    y_positions = '40 25 0'
    z_positions = '25   25 25'
    int_width = 2.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./flood_count]
    type = FeatureFloodCount
    variable = c

    # Must be turned on to build data structures necessary for FeatureVolumeVPP
    compute_var_to_feature_map = true
    threshold = 0.001
    execute_on = INITIAL
  [../]
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [./features]
    type = FeatureVolumeVectorPostprocessor
    flood_counter = flood_count

    # Turn on centroid output
    output_centroids = true
    execute_on = INITIAL
    boundary = 10
    single_feature_per_element = false
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = c
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = INITIAL
[]

# Base input for testing transfers. It has the following complexities:
# - more than one subapp
# - transfers both from and to the subapps
# - both nodal and elemental variables
# - subapp meshes are not aligned with the main app
# Tests derived from this input may add complexities through command line arguments

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < 0.5 & y < 0.5'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_sub]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_sub]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '1 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '2 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [to_sub]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = x
    num_layers = 10
    variable = to_sub
  []
  [to_sub_elem]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = x
    num_layers = 10
    variable = to_sub_elem
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
  verbose_multiapps = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_sub to_sub_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

[MultiApps]
  [sub]
    # 1 on corner, one in the center and one close to a corner
    # The subapp mesh is a 0.3-sized cube, no overlap
    positions = '0.2222 0 0 0.61111 0.311111 0.31111 0.76666 0.111111 0.81111'
    type = TransientMultiApp
    app_type = MooseTestApp
    input_files = sub.i
    execute_on = timestep_end
    # Facilitates debugging
    output_in_position = true
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  # Boundary restrictions are added in the tests specification
  [to_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldUserObjectTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_user_object = to_sub
    variable = from_main
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [to_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldUserObjectTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_user_object = to_sub_elem
    variable = from_main_elem
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [from_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldUserObjectTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_user_object = to_main
    variable = from_sub
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [from_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldUserObjectTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_user_object = to_main_elem
    variable = from_sub_elem
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []
[]

postprocessor_type = InterfaceAverageVariableValuePostprocessor

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 6
    xmax = 3
    ny = 9
    ymax = 3
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    [../]
  [./interface]
    input = subdomain_id
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./fn_exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x*x+y*y'
  [../]

  [./ffn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -4
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    family = LAGRANGE
    order = FIRST
  [../]
[]


[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  [../]

  [./ffn]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = ffn
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./all]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = '0 1 2 3'
    function = fn_exact
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 0
    initial_diffusivity = 5
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 1
    initial_diffusivity = 2
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_1
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./diffusivity_average]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = average
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_primary_secondary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_primary_minus_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_secondary_primary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_secondary_minus_primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_abs]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_abs
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_primary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_secondary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = secondary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_single_variable]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = ${raw ${postprocessor_type} _fe}
  exodus = true
[]

mu = 1.1
rho = 1.1
advected_interp_method = 'average'
velocity_interp_method = 'rc'

restricted_blocks = '1'

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  parallel_type = 'replicated'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '7 7'
    iy = 10
    subdomain_id = '1 2'
  []
  [mid]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
  [break_top]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'top'
    n_patches = 2
    input = mid
  []
  [break_bottom]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'bottom'
    n_patches = 2
    input = break_top
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [temperature]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [scalar]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [energy_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = temperature
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [energy_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1.1
    variable = temperature
  []
  [energy_loss]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = temperature
    value = -0.1
  []

  [scalar_advection]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldAdvection
    variable = scalar
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [scalar_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1
    variable = scalar
  []
  [scalar_src]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = scalar
    value = 0.1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    function = '1'
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [top-wall-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [top-wall-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [bottom-wall-u]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [bottom-wall-v]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [bottom-wall-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_t]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1
  []
  [outlet_scalar]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = scalar
    value = 1
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'temperature'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [const]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu NONZERO'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 3
    ny = 5
    nz = 0
    xmax = 0.8
    xmin = 0.2
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 0
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []

  [./subdomain_id]
    type = SubdomainPerElementGenerator
    input = gmg
    subdomain_ids = '0 1 2
                     0 1 2
                     0 1 2
                     0 1 2
                     0 1 2'
  []

  [./boundary01]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'boundary01'
  []

  [./boundary10]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary01
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'boundary10'
  []

  [./boundary12]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary10
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'boundary12'
  []

  [./boundary21]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary12
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'boundary21'
  []

  uniform_refine = 3
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./fromsubelem]
    order = constant
    family = monomial
  [../]

  [./fromsub]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [./left0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./right0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary01
    value = 1
  [../]

  [./right1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary12
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./right2]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[MultiApps]
  [sub]
    type = FullSolveMultiApp
    app_type = MooseTestApp
    positions = '0.0  0.0  0.0'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    input_files = transfer_transformation_sub.i
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  [from_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeometricInterpolationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    num_points = 1
    shrink_gap_width = 0.2
    shrink_mesh = 'source'
    source_variable = 'u'
    variable = 'fromsub'
    exclude_gap_blocks = '1 3'
  []

  [from_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeometricInterpolationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    num_points = 4
    shrink_gap_width = 0.2
    shrink_mesh = 'source'
    source_variable = 'u'
    variable = 'fromsubelem'
    exclude_gap_blocks = '1 3'
  []

  [from_parent]
    type = MultiAppGeometricInterpolationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    num_points = 1
    shrink_gap_width = 0.2
    shrink_mesh = 'target'
    source_variable = 'u'
    exclude_gap_blocks = '1 3'
    variable = 'fromparent'
  []

  [from_parent_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeometricInterpolationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    num_points = 4
    shrink_gap_width = 0.2
    shrink_mesh = 'target'
    source_variable = 'u'
    exclude_gap_blocks = '1 3'
    variable = 'fromparentelem'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./vres]
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
    save_in = 'vres'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./vres_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = vres
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [./cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1.3 1.9'
    ix = '3 3 3'
    dy = '6'
    iy = '9'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 2'
  [../]

    [./inner_left]
      type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
      input = cmg
      primary_block = 0
      paired_block = 1
      new_boundary = 'inner_left'
    [../]

    [./inner_right]
      type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
      input = inner_left
      primary_block = 2
      paired_block = 1
      new_boundary = 'inner_right'
    [../]

    [./inner_top]
      type = ParsedGenerateSideset
      combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y - 6) < 1e-10'
      normal = '0 1 0'
      included_subdomains = 1
      new_sideset_name = 'inner_top'
      input = 'inner_right'
    [../]

    [./inner_bottom]
      type = ParsedGenerateSideset
      combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y) < 1e-10'
      normal = '0 -1 0'
      included_subdomains = 1
      new_sideset_name = 'inner_bottom'
      input = 'inner_top'
    [../]

    [./rename]
      type = RenameBlockGenerator
      old_block = '2'
      new_block = '0'
      input = inner_bottom
    [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = 0
    diffusion_coefficient = 5
  [../]
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [./cavity]
    boundary = '4 5 6 7'
    emissivity = '0.9 0.8 eps_fn 1'
    n_patches = '2 2 2 3'
    partitioners = 'centroid centroid centroid centroid'
    centroid_partitioner_directions = 'x y y x'
    temperature = temperature
    adiabatic_boundary = '7'
    fixed_temperature_boundary = '6'
    fixed_boundary_temperatures = '800'
    view_factor_calculator = analytical
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [eps_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0.4
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = left
    value = 1000
  [../]

  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = right
    value = 300
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./average_T_inner_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    boundary = inner_right
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.2

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = '${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_outer_radius = '${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_width = '${fparse rpv_outer_radius - rpv_inner_radius}'

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_core_gap_size} ${rpv_width}'
    ix = '400 1 100'
    dy = 1
    iy = '5'
  []
  [set_block_id1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '${core_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id1
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [set_block_id3]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    bottom_left = '${rpv_inner_radius} 0 0'
    top_right = '${rpv_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 3
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id3
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  # comment out for test without gap
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 0
  []
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [RPV_gap]
    type = GapHeatTransfer
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
    emissivity_primary = 0.8
    emissivity_secondary = 0.8
    variable = Tsolid
    primary = 'core_outer'
    secondary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
    quadrature = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
  [flux_from_core] # converges to ptot as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = core_outer
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []
  [flux_into_rpv] # converges to rpv_convective_out as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = rpv_inner
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [NodalTemperature]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    boundary = 'rpv_inner core_outer'
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  automatic_scaling = true
  compute_scaling_once = false
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type -ksp_gmres_restart '
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg 100'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100
  [Quadrature]
    # order = fifth
    side_order = seventh
  []
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]

  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 2
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
    subdomain_ids = '1 2 3 4'
  []
  [1to2]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gmg
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'onetwo'
  []
  [2to1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 1to2
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'twoone'
  []
  [1to3]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 2to1
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '3'
    new_boundary = 'onethree'
  []
  [3to1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 1to3
    primary_block = '3'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'threeone'
  []
  build_all_side_lowerd_mesh = true
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = THIRD
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = '1 2 3 4'
  []
  [lambda]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = INTERNAL_SIDE_LOWERD_SUBDOMAIN_EDGE2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusivity = '1'
    block = '1 2 3 4'
  []
  [reaction]
    type = Reaction
    variable = u
    rate = '1'
    block = '1 2 3 4'
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = '1'
    block = '1 2 3 4'
  []
  [time]
    type = CoefTimeDerivative
    variable = u
    block = '1 2 3 4'
    Coefficient = 1
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  [surface]
    type = HFEMDiffusion
    variable = u
    lowerd_variable = lambda
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [all]
    type = NeumannBC
    boundary = 'left right top bottom'
    variable = u
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [onetwo_uo]
    type = LowerDIntegralSideUserObject
    boundary = onetwo
    lowerd_variable = lambda

  []
  [twoone_uo]
    type = LowerDIntegralSideUserObject
    boundary = twoone
    lowerd_variable = lambda

  []
  [onethree_uo]
    type = LowerDIntegralSideUserObject
    boundary = onethree
    lowerd_variable = lambda

  []
  [threeone_uo]
    type = LowerDIntegralSideUserObject
    boundary = threeone
    lowerd_variable = lambda

  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [unorm]
    type = ElementL2Norm
    variable = u
    block = '1 2 3 4'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  num_steps = 8
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -snes_linesearch_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       basic                 mumps'
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    elem_type = QUAD9
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./curl_u_plus_u]
    type = VectorFEWave
    variable = u
    x_forcing_func = 1
    y_forcing_func = 1
    z_forcing_func = 1
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./curl_v_plus_v]
    type = VectorFEWave
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./parallel]
    type = VectorPenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  # Natural condition of VectorFEWave weak form is curl(u) = 0, curl(v) = 0
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 6
    ny = 25
    nz = 15
    xmin = 20
    xmax = 30
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 50
    zmin = 10
    zmax = 40
    elem_type = HEX8
  []
  [./left_side]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '24.9 50 50'
  [../]
  [./right_side]
    input = left_side
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '25.1 0 0'
    top_right = '50 50 50'
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = right_side
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./c]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [./c]
    type = SpecifiedSmoothCircleIC
    variable = c
    invalue = 1.0
    outvalue = 0.0
    radii =       '4    5  10'
    x_positions = '25   25 25'
    y_positions = '40 25 0'
    z_positions = '25   25 25'
    int_width = 2.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./flood_count]
    type = FeatureFloodCount
    variable = c

    # Must be turned on to build data structures necessary for FeatureVolumeVPP
    compute_var_to_feature_map = true
    threshold = 0.5
    execute_on = INITIAL
  [../]
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [./features]
    type = FeatureVolumeVectorPostprocessor
    flood_counter = flood_count

    # Turn on centroid output
    output_centroids = true
    execute_on = INITIAL
    boundary = 10
    single_feature_per_element = true
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = c
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = INITIAL
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.15

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = ${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}
rpv_outer_radius = ${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [core_gap_rpv]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    radii = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_inner_radius} ${rpv_outer_radius}'
    rings = '2 1 2'
    has_outer_square = false
    preserve_volumes = true
    portion = full
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = core_gap_rpv
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 2
  []
  [secondary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'rpv_inner'
    new_block_id = 10001
    new_block_name = 'secondary_lower'
    input = 2d_mesh
  []
  [primary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'core_outer'
    new_block_id = 10000
    new_block_name = 'primary_lower'
    input = secondary
  []
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
  [lm]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 'secondary_lower'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [radiation]
    type = GapFluxModelRadiation
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    primary_emissivity = 0.8
    secondary_emissivity = 0.8
  []
  [conduction]
    type = GapFluxModelConduction
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Constraints]
  [ced]
    type = ModularGapConductanceConstraint
    variable = lm
    secondary_variable = Tsolid
    primary_boundary = 'core_outer'
    primary_subdomain = 10000
    secondary_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    secondary_subdomain = 10001
    gap_flux_models = 'radiation conduction'
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
    cylinder_axis_point_2 = '0 0 5'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [NodalTemperature]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    boundary = 'rpv_inner core_outer'
    variable = 'Tsolid'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -pc_svd_monitor'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -mat_mffd_err -pc_factor_shift_type '
                        '-pc_factor_shift_amount'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist                  1e-5          NONZERO               '
                        '1e-15'
  snesmf_reuse_base = false

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100

  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

# Strata deformation and fluid flow aaround a coal mine - 3D model
#
# A "half model" is used.  The mine is 400m deep and
# just the roof is studied (-400<=z<=0).  The mining panel
# sits between 0<=x<=150, and 0<=y<=1000, so this simulates
# a coal panel that is 300m wide and 1000m long.  The outer boundaries
# are 1km from the excavation boundaries.
#
# The excavation takes 0.5 years.
#
# The boundary conditions for this simulation are:
#  - disp_x = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - disp_z = 0 at z=-400, but there is a time-dependent
#               Young modulus that simulates excavation
#  - wc_x = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - wc_y = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - no flow at x=0, z=-400 and z=0
#  - fixed porepressure at y=-1000, y=1000 and x=1150
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top,
# and prescribed at bottom in the unexcavated portion.
#
# A single-phase unsaturated fluid is used.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa, and time units are measured in years.
#
# The initial porepressure is hydrostatic with P=0 at z=0, so
# Porepressure ~ - 0.01*z MPa, where the fluid has density 1E3 kg/m^3 and
# gravity = = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.
# To be more accurate, i use
# Porepressure = -bulk * log(1 + g*rho0*z/bulk)
# where bulk=2E3 MPa and rho0=1Ee kg/m^3.
# The initial stress is consistent with the weight force from undrained
# density 2500 kg/m^3, and fluid porepressure, and a Biot coefficient of 0.7, ie,
# stress_zz^effective = 0.025*z + 0.7 * initial_porepressure
# The maximum and minimum principal horizontal effective stresses are
# assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 2 MPa
# MC friction angle = 35 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa
# WeakPlane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane friction angle = 30 deg
# WeakPlane dilation angle = 10 deg
# WeakPlane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane compressive strength = 100 MPa softening to 1 MPa at strain = 1
# Fluid density at zero porepressure = 1E3 kg/m^3
# Fluid bulk modulus = 2E3 MPa
# Fluid viscosity = 1.1E-3 Pa.s = 1.1E-9 MPa.s = 3.5E-17 MPa.year
#
[GlobalParams]
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Mesh]
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = mesh/coarse.e
  []
  [xmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = xmin
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = file
  []
  [xmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = xmax
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = xmin
  []
  [ymin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = ymin
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = xmax
  []
  [ymax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = ymax
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = ymin
  []
  [zmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 16
    new_boundary = zmax
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = ymax
  []
  [zmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 2
    new_boundary = zmin
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = zmax
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = zmin
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -400'
    top_right = '150 1000 -397'
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
    new_boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [wc_x]
  []
  [wc_y]
  []
  [porepressure]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = ini_pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [cx_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  []
  [y_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 1
    base_name = couple
  []
  [x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  []
  [y_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    component = 1
  []
  [gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6 # remember this is in MPa
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [saturation]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wc_z]
  []
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [darcy_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_x
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = x
  []
  [darcy_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_y
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = y
  []
  [darcy_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_z
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = z
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_xx]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_xx
    row = 0
    column = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_yy]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_yy
    row = 1
    column = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_zz]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_zz
    row = 2
    column = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]



[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = zmin
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_y
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [fix_porepressure]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'ymin ymax xmax'
    function = ini_pp
  []
  [roof_porepressure]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    pt_vals = '-1E3 1E3'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = roof_conductance
    boundary = roof
  []
  [roof_bcs]
    type = StickyBC
    variable = disp_z
    min_value = -3.0
    boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ini_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3'
    expression = '-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)'
  []
  [ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    expression = '0.8*(2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)))'
  []
  [ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    expression = '2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk))'
  []
  [excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval slope'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E-9 1 60'
    # excavation face at ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)
    # slope is the distance over which the modulus reduces from maxval to minval
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)+slope,minval+(maxval-minval)*(y-(ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)))/slope,maxval))'
  []
  [density_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 0 2500'
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,maxval)'
  []
  [roof_conductance]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax   maxval minval'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E7      0'
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),maxval,minval)'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1 # MPa^-1
  []

  [mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 2.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.61 # 35deg
  []
  [mc_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  []

  [mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_compressive_str]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  []

  [wp_coh_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_tan_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.26 # 15deg
  []
  [wp_tan_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  []

  [wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1
    internal_limit = 1.0
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [simple_fluid]
    type = SimpleFluidProperties
    bulk_modulus = 2E3
    density0 = 1000
    thermal_expansion = 0
    viscosity = 3.5E-17
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    block = 1
    porosity = 1.0
  []
  [permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 1E-15
    phi0 = 0.02
    n = 2
    m = 2
  []
  [permeability_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 1
    permeability = '0 0 0   0 0 0   0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.4
    sum_s_res = 0.4
    phase = 0
  []

  [elasticity_tensor_0]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
  []
  [elasticity_tensor_1]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    block = 1
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
    elasticity_tensor_prefactor = excav_sideways
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
  []

  [stress_0]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    inelastic_models = 'mc wp'
    cycle_models = true
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [stress_1]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 1
    inelastic_models = ''
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  []
  [wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.05
    smoothing_tol = 0.05 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  []


  [undrained_density_0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  []
  [undrained_density_1]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = density_sideways
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min_roof_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_roof_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [min_surface_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_surface_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [max_perm_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    variable = perm_zz
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'

  # best overall
  # petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  # petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'

  # best if you do not have mumps:
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist'

  # best if you do not have mumps or superlu_dist:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  # very basic:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' bjacobi  gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 30

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.014706
  end_time = 0.014706 #0.5
[]

[Outputs]
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  console = true
[]

[Mesh]
  allow_renumbering = false
  # use these two to re-generate input.e
  [eg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '2 1 1'
    dy = '2 3'
    dz = '2 3'
    ix = '2 1 1'
    iy = '2 3'
    iz = '3 2'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 1
                    1 2 0
                    0 1 1
                    1 2 0'
  []
  [add_internal]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = eg
    paired_block = 1
    primary_block = 2
    new_boundary = middle
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineBlockGenerator
    input = add_internal
    block = '0 1 2'
    refinement = '1 1 1'
    enable_neighbor_refinement = false
    output = true
  []

  final_generator = 'diag'
  [input]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'single_nonuniform_hex.e'
  []

  # Go back to what we had
  [coarsen]
    type = CoarsenBlockGenerator
    input = input
    block = '0 1 2'
    coarsening = '1 1 1'
    # This was found by looking at the output of refine
    # careful, has transitions we dont support!
    starting_point = '2.75 0.75 0'
    maximum_volume_ratio = 4
    verbose = true
  []
  [diag]
    type = MeshDiagnosticsGenerator
    input = coarsen
    examine_element_overlap = ERROR
    search_for_adaptivity_nonconformality = WARNING
    examine_non_conformality = WARNING
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.1 1 0.1'
    dy = '0.1 0.5 0.1'
    ix = '1 2 1'
    iy = '1 1 1'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1'
  []
  [transform]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = cmg
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '-0.1 -0.1 0.0'
  []
  [create_sides]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = transform
    new_boundary = sides
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
  []
  [create_outlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = create_sides
    new_boundary = outlet
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
[]

[Problem]
  linear_sys_names = 'u_sys'
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseLinearVariableFVReal
    solver_sys = 'u_sys'
    initial_condition = 1.0
    block = 2
  []
[]

[LinearFVKernels]
  [diffusion]
    type = LinearFVDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusion_coeff = diff_coeff_func
    use_nonorthogonal_correction = false
  []
  [source]
    type = LinearFVSource
    variable = u
    source_density = source_func
  []
[]

[LinearFVBCs]
  [dir]
    type = LinearFVAdvectionDiffusionFunctorDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = "sides outlet"
    functor = analytic_solution
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [diff_coeff_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.0+0.5*x*y'
  []
  [source_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-1.0*x*pi*sin(x*pi)*cos(2*y*pi) - 0.5*y*pi*sin(2*y*pi)*cos(x*pi) + 5*pi^2*(0.5*x*y + 1.0)*sin(x*pi)*sin(2*y*pi)'
  []
  [analytic_solution]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'sin(x*pi)*sin(2*y*pi) + 1.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [h]
    type = AverageElementSize
    execute_on = FINAL
    block = 2
  []
  [error]
    type = ElementL2FunctorError
    approximate = u
    exact = analytic_solution
    execute_on = FINAL
    block = 2
  []
[]

[Convergence]
  [linear]
    type = IterationCountConvergence
    max_iterations = 1
    converge_at_max_iterations = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  system_names = u_sys
  l_abs_tol = 1e-10
  multi_system_fixed_point=true
  multi_system_fixed_point_convergence=linear
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = FINAL
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = primary0_interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]


[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 4
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 0.1*t
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusionDot
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = TRUE
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 3
  dtmin = 0.1
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./interface_avg_value_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = v1
    var_neighbor = v2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
  [../]
  [./interface_avg_value_rate_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = v1
    var_neighbor = v2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
    value_type = rate
  [../]
  [./interface_avg_value_increment_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = v1
    var_neighbor = v2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
    value_type = increment
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./v1_saux]
    type = StatefulAux
    coupled = v1
    variable = v1
  [../]
  [./v2_saux]
    type = StatefulAux
    coupled = v2
    variable = v2
  [../]
  [./interface_avg_value_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_avg_value_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
  [./interface_avg_value_rate_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_rate_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_avg_value_rate_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
  [./interface_avg_value_increment_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_increment_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_avg_value_increment_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./v1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
    initial_condition = 5
  [../]
  [./v2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
    initial_condition = 2
  [../]
  [./avg_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./avg_rate_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./avg_increment_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [ccmg]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 6
    radii = '1 2 4 6'
    rings = '1 2 2 3 2'
    has_outer_square = on
    pitch = 15
    preserve_volumes = false
    smoothing_max_it = 3
  []
  [ext]
      type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
      input = ccmg
      old_boundary = '1 2 3 4'
      new_boundary = '100 100 100 100'
  []
  [interface12]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = ext
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = '12'
  []
  [interface23]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface12
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '3'
    new_boundary = '23'
  []
  [interface34]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface23
    primary_block = '3'
    paired_block = '4'
    new_boundary = '34'
  []
  [interface45]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface34
    primary_block = '4'
    paired_block = '5'
    new_boundary = '45'
  []
  [mlc]
    type = XYMeshLineCutter
    input = interface45
    cut_line_params = '1 -2 2'
    new_boundary_id = 20
    input_mesh_external_boundary_id = 100
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 0
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 0
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []

  [./subdomain_id]
    type = SubdomainPerElementGenerator
    input = gmg
    subdomain_ids = '0 1 2 3 4
                     0 1 2 3 4
                     0 1 2 3 4
                     0 1 2 3 4
                     0 1 2 3 4'
  []

  [./boundary01]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'boundary01'
  []

  [./boundary10]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary01
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'boundary10'
  []

  [./boundary12]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary10
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'boundary12'
  []

  [./boundary21]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary12
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'boundary21'
  []

  [./boundary23]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary21
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '3'
    new_boundary = 'boundary23'
  []

  [./boundary32]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary23
    primary_block = '3'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'boundary32'
  []

  [./boundary34]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary32
    primary_block = '3'
    paired_block = '4'
    new_boundary = 'boundary34'
  []

  [./boundary43]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = boundary34
    primary_block = '4'
    paired_block = '3'
    new_boundary = 'boundary43'
  []

  uniform_refine = 3
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./fromparent]
  []
  [./fromparentelem]
    order = constant
    family = monomial
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./right0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary01
    value = 1
  [../]

  [./right1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary12
    value = 1
  [../]

  [./right2]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary23
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./right3]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = boundary34
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./right4]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Verification Test of PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface and
# ParallelElectricFieldInterface with default materials
#
# Imposes u_perpendicular = v_perpendicular and u_parallel = v_parallel
# on each interface (equivalent to saying u = v for default parameters)
# between subdomain 0 and 1

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    nz = 10
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
    zmax = 2
    elem_type = HEX20
  []
  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
    input = gmg
  []
  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [curl_u]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [coeff_u]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [ffn_u]
    type = VectorBodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
    function_x = 1
    function_y = 1
    function_z = 1
  []
  [curl_v]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [coeff_v]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [perpendicular]
    type = PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
  [parallel]
    type = ParallelElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[BCs]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.0 0 0'
    top_right = '1.0 1.0 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [corner_inward]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'corner_inward'
  []
  [corner_outward]
    input = corner_inward
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'corner_outward'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [all_domain]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
  [part_domain]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_all]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = all_domain
    coeff = coeff
  []
  [diff_part]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = part_domain
    coeff = coeff
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  # The boundaries where the flux kernels are executed are
  # the dirichlet BCs: left, right and corner_inward
  # On top and bottom, not executed because 0 flux is assumed
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = all_domain
    boundary = left
    value = 2
  []
  [corner_inward]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = all_domain
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
  [corner_outward]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = part_domain
    boundary = corner_inward
    value = 2
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = part_domain
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [diffusion]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'coeff'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  line_search = 'none'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1.5 2.4'
    dy = '1.3 0.9'
    ix = '3 2'
    iy = '2 3'
    subdomain_id = '0 1
                    1 0'
  []
  [add_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
  second_order = true
[]

[Functions]
  [forcing_fnu]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -5.8*(x+y)+x*x*x-x+y*y*y-y
  []
  [forcing_fnv]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -4
  []

  [slnu]
    type = ParsedGradFunction
    expression = x*x*x-x+y*y*y-y
    grad_x = 3*x*x-1
    grad_y = 3*y*y-1
  []
  [slnv]
    type = ParsedGradFunction
    expression = x*x+y*y
    grad_x = 2*x
    grad_y = 2*y
  []

  # NeumannBC functions
  [bc_fnut]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 3*y*y-1
  []
  [bc_fnub]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -3*y*y+1
  []
  [bc_fnul]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -3*x*x+1
  []
  [bc_fnur]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 3*x*x-1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = SECOND
    family = HIERARCHIC
  []
  [v]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  active = 'diff1 diff2 test1 forceu forcev react'
  [diff1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
  [test1]
    type = CoupledConvection
    variable = u
    velocity_vector = v
  []
  [diff2]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
  []
  [react]
    type = Reaction
    variable = u
  []

  [forceu]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = forcing_fnu
  []
  [forcev]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = v
    function = forcing_fnv
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [set_v_elem]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = v_elem
    # selected not to be the solution for no particular reason
    function = forcing_fnv
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_v]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = v
    function = slnv
    boundary = 'left right top bottom'
  []
  [bc_u_tb]
    type = CoupledKernelGradBC
    variable = u
    var2 = v
    vel = '0.1 0.1'
    boundary = 'top bottom left right'
  []
  [bc_ul]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnul
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [bc_ur]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnur
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [bc_ut]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnut
    boundary = 'top'
  []
  [bc_ub]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnub
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Global user objects
  [dofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
  [h]
    type = AverageElementSize
  []

  # Elemental user objects
  [L2u]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = u
    function = slnu
    # Testing an option
    force_preic = true
  []
  [L2v]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = v
    function = slnv
    # Testing an option
    force_preaux = true
  []
  [H1error]
    type = ElementH1Error
    variable = u
    function = slnu
  []
  [H1Semierror]
    type = ElementH1SemiError
    variable = u
    function = slnu
  []
  [L2v_elem]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = v_elem
    function = slnv
  []
  [f_integral]
    type = FunctionElementIntegral
    function = slnv
  []
  [int_v]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END transfer'
  []
  [int_v_elem]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v_elem
    block = 1
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END transfer'
  []

  # Side user objects
  [integral_v]
    type = SideIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    boundary = 0
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  # General UOs
  [memory]
    type = VectorMemoryUsage
  []
  [line]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = v
    num_points = 10
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    sort_by = 'x'
  []

  # Nodal UOs
  [nodal_sampler_y]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    variable = v
    sort_by = 'y'
  []
  [nodal_sampler_x]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    variable = v
    sort_by = 'x'
  []

  # Element UO
  [elem_sample]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    variable = v_elem
    sort_by = 'x'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  # Nodal user objects
  [find_node]
    type = NearestNodeNumberUO
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
  []

  # Side user objects
  [side_int]
    type = LayeredSideIntegral
    variable = v
    boundary = 0
    direction = y
    num_layers = 4
  []
  [side_int_2]
    type = NearestPointLayeredSideIntegral
    variable = v
    boundary = 0
    direction = x
    num_layers = 3
    points = '1 1 0'
  []

  # Interface user objects
  [values]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = v
    boundary = interface
  []

  inactive = 'prime_1 prime_2'
  # Threaded general user objects
  [prime_2]
    type = PrimeProductUserObject
  []
  [prime_1]
    type = PrimeProductUserObject
  []

  # Domain user objects
  [domain_2]
    type = InterfaceDomainUserObject
    u = u
    v = v
    block = '0'
    robin_boundaries = 'left'
    interface_boundaries = 'interface'
    interface_penalty = 1e-10
    nl_abs_tol = 1e1
  []
  [domain_1]
    type = InterfaceDomainUserObject
    u = u
    v = v
    block = '0 1'
    robin_boundaries = 'left'
    interface_boundaries = 'interface'
    interface_penalty = 1e-10
    nl_abs_tol = 1e1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_tol = 1e-5
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[MultiApps]
  active = ''
  [full_solve]
    type = FullSolveMultiApp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end final'
    input_files = show_execution_userobjects.i
    cli_args = 'Problem/solve=false'
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  active = ''
  [conservative]
    type = MultiAppNearestNodeTransfer
    from_multi_app = full_solve
    source_variable = v
    variable = v_elem
    from_postprocessors_to_be_preserved = int_v
    to_postprocessors_to_be_preserved = int_v_elem
  []
[]

[Debug]
  show_execution_order = 'ALWAYS INITIAL NONLINEAR LINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
[]

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.5 0.75 0.5'
    dz = '1.5 0.5'
    subdomain_id = '
                    1 1 1 1 1 1
                    1 2 1 1 2 1
                    1 1 1 1 1 1
                    1 1 1 1 1 1
                    1 1 1 1 1 1
                    1 1 1 1 1 1
                   '
  []

  [add_obstruction]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = obstruction
    input = cartesian
  []

  [add_new_back]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    new_sideset_name = back_2
    input = add_obstruction
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [view_factor_study]
    type = ViewFactorRayStudy
    execute_on = initial
    boundary = 'left right top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
    face_order = FOURTH
  []

  [view_factor]
    type = RayTracingViewFactor
    boundary = 'left right top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    normalize_view_factor = false
    ray_study_name = view_factor_study
  []
[]

[RayBCs/viewfactor]
  type = ViewFactorRayBC
  boundary = 'left right top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [left_right]
    type = ViewFactorPP
    from_boundary = left
    to_boundary = right
    view_factor_object_name = view_factor
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

mu=1.1
rho=1.1
advected_interp_method='average'
velocity_interp_method='rc'

restricted_blocks = '1'

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    block = '1 2'
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  parallel_type = 'replicated'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '7 7'
    iy = 10
    subdomain_id = '1 2'
  []
  [mid]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
  [break_top]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'top'
    n_patches = 2
    input = mid
  []
  [break_bottom]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'bottom'
    n_patches = 2
    input = break_top
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [temperature]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [scalar]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [energy_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = temperature
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [energy_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1.1
    variable = temperature
  []
  [energy_loss]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = temperature
    value = -0.1
  []

  [scalar_advection]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldAdvection
    variable = scalar
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [scalar_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1
    variable = scalar
  []
  [scalar_src]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = scalar
    value = 0.1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    function = '1'
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [top-wall-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [top-wall-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [bottom-wall-u]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [bottom-wall-v]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [bottom-wall-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_t]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = temperature
    value = 1
  []
  [outlet_scalar]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = scalar
    value = 1
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'temperature'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [const]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_gmres_restart -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      100                lu           NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 6
    ny = 5
    xmax = 2
    subdomain_ids = '0 0 0 1 1 1
                     0 0 0 1 1 1
                     0 0 0 1 1 1
                     0 0 0 1 1 1
                     0 0 0 1 1 1'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gen
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = interface
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [T_solid]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = 1
    block = 0
  []

  [T_fluid]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = 0
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_wall]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = T_solid
    block = 0
    coeff = 2
  []
  [diff_fluid]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = T_fluid
    block = 1
    coeff = 4
  []
  [gradient_creating]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = T_fluid
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [interface_fluid_to_solid]
    type = FVFunctorConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    boundary = 'interface'
    variable = T_solid
    T_bulk = T_fluid
    T_solid = T_solid
    is_solid = true
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 'htc'
  []
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = T_solid
    value = 1
  []

  [interface_solid_to_fluid]
    type = FVFunctorConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    boundary = 'interface'
    variable = T_fluid
    T_bulk = T_fluid
    T_solid = T_solid
    is_solid = false
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 'htc'
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = T_fluid
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [cht]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'htc'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  inactive = 'refine'
  # U-shaped domains to have internal boundaries in
  # a variety of directions
  [cmg]
     type = CartesianMeshGenerator
     dim = 2
     dx = '1 1 1'
     dy = '3 1'
     ix = '4 5 3'
     iy = '12 4'
     subdomain_id = '1 2 1
                     1 1 1'
  []
  [internal_boundary_dir1]
     type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
     input = cmg
     primary_block = 1
     paired_block = 2
     new_boundary = 'inside_1'
  []
  [internal_boundary_dir2]
     type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
     input = internal_boundary_dir1
     primary_block = 2
     paired_block = 1
     new_boundary = 'inside_2'
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineBlockGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_dir2
    block = '1 2'
    refinement = '2 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v1]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    [FVInitialCondition]
      type = FVFunctionIC
      function = 'x + y'
    []
  []
  [v2]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 2
    [FVInitialCondition]
      type = FVFunctionIC
      function = '2*x*x - y'
    []
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'exp(x - y)'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [m1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'm1'
    prop_values = 'f1'
  []
  [m2]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'm2'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 12
                               2 4'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = '1'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 3
    value = 0
  []

  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 1
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Mesh external boundaries integration
  [ext_u]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = u
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_v1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left right'
    functor = v1
  []
  [ext_v2]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'top'
    functor = v2
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_f1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = f1
    prefactor = f1
  []
  [ext_m1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = m1
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_m2]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = m2
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []

  # Internal to the mesh, but a side to the variables
  # With orientation of normal 1->2
  [int_s1_u]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = u
  []
  [int_s1_v1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = v1
  []
  [int_s1_f1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = f1
  []
  [int_s1_m1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = m1
  []
  [int_s1_m2]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = m2
  []
  # With orientation of normal 2->1
  [int_s2_v2]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = v2
  []
  [int_s2_f1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = f1
  []
  [int_s2_m1]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = m1
  []
  [int_s2_m2]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = m2
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Mesh]
  add_subdomain_ids = 3
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 16
    ny = 16
  []
  [left]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'gen'
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.25 1 1'
  []
  [right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'left'
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.25 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
  []
  [boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'right'
    new_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[MeshModifiers]
  [subdomain_change]
    type = TimedSubdomainModifier
    times = '0.3 0.6'
    blocks_from = '1 3'
    blocks_to = '3 1'
    moving_boundaries = 'moving_boundary'
    moving_boundary_subdomain_pairs = '1 2'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.3
  num_steps = 3
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0'
  []
  [v]
    block = '1'
  []
  [w]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [diff_w]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = w
  []
  [react_w]
    type = Reaction
    variable = w
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = ADCoupledInterfacialSourceGradient
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    var_source = w
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 1
    D_neighbor = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 10
  []
  [middle]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
  []
  [w_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0
  []
  [w_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 4
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./interface_again]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./primary_resid]
  [../]
  [./secondary_resid]
  [../]
  [./primary_jac]
  [../]
  [./secondary_jac]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
    save_in = 'primary_resid'
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
    save_in = 'secondary_resid'
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 4
    D_neighbor = 2
    save_in_var_side = 'm s'
    save_in = 'primary_resid secondary_resid'
    diag_save_in_var_side = 'm s'
    diag_save_in = 'primary_jac secondary_jac'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0
    save_in = 'primary_resid'
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 1
    save_in = 'secondary_resid'
  [../]
  [./middle]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
    save_in = 'secondary_resid'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

L = 2
l = 1
q1 = 1
q2 = 2
uR = 1
D1 = 1
D2 = 2

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = ${L}
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '${l} 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '${L} 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface_primary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'left'
    block = 0
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [source_left]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = ${q1}
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 'right'
    block = 1
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [source_right]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = v
    function = ${q2}
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = 'primary_interface'
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = 'left'
    coeff2 = 'right'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [v_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = ${uR}
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'left'
    prop_values = '${D1}'
  []
  [block1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'right'
    prop_values = '${D2}'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '2 2 2'
    dy = '2 2 2'
    dz = '2 2 2'
    ix = '2 2 2'
    iy = '2 2 2'
    iz = '2 2 2'
    subdomain_id = '0 0 0
                    0 1 0
                    0 0 0

                    0 2 0
                    3 7 4
                    0 5 0

                    0 0 0
                    0 6 0
                    0 0 0'
  []

  [interior_back]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interior_back'
  []
  [interior_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_back
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'interior_bottom'
  []
  [interior_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_bottom
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'interior_left'
  []
  [interior_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_left
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 4
    new_boundary = 'interior_right'
  []
  [interior_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_right
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'interior_top'
  []
  [interior_front]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_top
    primary_block = 7
    paired_block = 6
    new_boundary = 'interior_front'
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  active = 'kill_internal'
  # active = 'kill_external reflect_internal'

  # for testing internal kill
  [kill_internal]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'interior_top interior_right interior_bottom interior_left interior_front interior_back'
  []

  # for testing internal reflect
  [kill_external]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'top right bottom left front back'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = ReflectRayBC
    boundary = 'interior_top interior_right interior_bottom interior_left interior_front interior_back'
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  start_points = '0 0 0
                  2 2 2
                  6 6 6
                  4 4 4
                  0 2.5 2.5
                  3 3 6
                  2.5 0 0
                  3 3 3
                  2.5 2.5 2.5'
  directions = '1 1 1
                1 1 1
                -1 -1 -1
                -1 -1 -1
                1 0.1 0
                0 0 -1
                0 1 1
                1 1 1
                0.5 1.5 1.5'
  names = 'to_bottom_left_corner
           at_bottom_left_corner
           to_top_right_corner
           at_top_right_corner
           centroid_offset
           top_down
           left_to_edge
           inside_to_corner
           inside_offset'
  execute_on = initial
  ray_distance = 10
  ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  use_internal_sidesets = true
[]

[Postprocessors/total_distance]
  type = RayTracingStudyResult
  study = study
  result = total_distance
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]


  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  active = 'interface'
  [./interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 'D'
    D_neighbor = 'D'
  [../]
  [./penalty_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  active = 'left right middle'
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./middle]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    initial_diffusivity = 1
    boundary = primary0_interface
  [../]
  [./block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  [../]
  [./block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [box]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.25 0.5 0.25'
    ix = '20 20'
    iy = '10 20 10'
    subdomain_id = '1 1
                    2 3
                    1 1'
  []
  [rename_subdomains]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = box
    old_block = '1 2'
    new_block = 'stainless_steel graphite'
  []
  [create_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_subdomains
    primary_block = stainless_steel
    paired_block = graphite
    new_boundary = 'ssg_interface'
  []
  [delete_block]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = create_interface
    block = 3
  []
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
  [potential_stainless_steel]
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [electric_graphite]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_graphite
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = graphite
  []
  [electric_stainless_steel]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [elec_top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    boundary = top
    value = 1
  []
  [elec_bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [electrostatic_contact]
    type = ElectrostaticContactCondition
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    neighbor_var = potential_graphite
    primary_conductivity = electrical_conductivity
    secondary_conductivity = electrical_conductivity
    boundary = ssg_interface
    user_electrical_contact_conductance = 1.47e5 # as described in Cincotti et al (https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11102)
  []
[]

[Materials]
  #graphite
  [sigma_graphite]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'electrical_conductivity'
    prop_values = 3.33e2
    block = graphite
  []

  #stainless_steel
  [sigma_stainless_steel]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'electrical_conductivity'
    prop_values = 1.429e6
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_grmres_restart -sub_ksp_type -sub_pc_type -pc_asm_overlap'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm         101   preonly   ilu      1'
  automatic_scaling = true
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-09
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

#
# This test demonstrates an InterfaceKernel (InterfaceDiffusionFlux) that can
# replace a pair of integrated DiffusionFluxBC boundary conditions.
#

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 20
    ny = 10
    ymax = 0.5
  []
  [./box1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.51 1 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./box2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.49 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    input = box1
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = box2
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u2]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v2]
    block = 2
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.7)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./u2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./iface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionBoundaryTerm
    boundary = 10
    variable = u2
    neighbor_var = v2
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.002
  num_steps = 6
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

# Transient-state test for the InterfaceReaction kernel.
#
# Same to steady-state, except the following
#
# Natural BCs are applied (i.e. NewmannBC h=0 at left and right)

[Mesh]
    [gen]
      type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
      dim = 1
      nx = 10
      xmax = 2
    []
    [subdomain1]
      input = gen
      type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
      bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
      block_id = 1
      top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
    []
    [interface]
      type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
      input = 'subdomain1'
      primary_block = '0'
      paired_block = '1'
      new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    []
  []

  [Variables]
    [u]
      order = FIRST
      family = LAGRANGE
      block = '0'
    []
    [v]
      order = FIRST
      family = LAGRANGE
      block = '1'
    []
  []

  [Kernels]
    [diff_u]
      type = MatDiffusion
      variable = u
      block = '0'
      diffusivity = D
    []
    [diff_v]
      type = MatDiffusion
      variable = v
      block = '1'
      diffusivity = D
    []
    [diff_u_dt]
        type = TimeDerivative
        variable = u
        block = '0'
    []
    [diff_v_dt]
        type = TimeDerivative
        variable = v
        block = '1'
    []
    [source_u]
        type = BodyForce
        variable = u
        block = '0'
    []
  []

  [InterfaceKernels]
    [interface]
      type = InterfaceDiffusion
      variable = u
      neighbor_var = 'v'
      boundary = 'primary0_interface'
      D = D
      D_neighbor = D
    []
    [interface_reaction]
      type = ADMatInterfaceReaction
      variable = u
      neighbor_var = 'v'
      boundary = 'primary0_interface'
      forward_rate = forward_rate
      backward_rate = backward_rate
    []
  []

  [Materials]
    [block0]
      type = 'ADGenericConstantMaterial'
      block = '0'
      prop_names = 'forward_rate backward_rate'
      prop_values = '1.0 2.0'
    []
    [block01]
      type = 'GenericConstantMaterial'
      block = '0'
      prop_names = 'D'
      prop_values = '4'
    []
    [block1]
      type = 'ADGenericConstantMaterial'
      block = '1'
      prop_names = 'forward_rate backward_rate'
      prop_values = '1.0 2.0'
    []
    [block11]
      type = 'GenericConstantMaterial'
      block = '1'
      prop_names = 'D'
      prop_values = '2'
    []
  []

  [Executioner]
    type = Transient
    num_steps = 10
    dt = 0.1
    solve_type = NEWTON
  []

  [Outputs]
    print_linear_residuals = true
    #execute_on = 'FINAL'
    exodus = true
    csv = true
  []

  [Debug]
    show_var_residual_norms = true
  []

mu = 1.2
rho_fluid = 0.2
k_fluid = 1.1
cp_fluid = 2.3
T_cold = 310
alpha = 1e-3
Q = 200

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = 'average'
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.3683 0.0127'
    dy = '0.0127 0.2292 2.5146 0.2292 0.0127'
    ix = '2 1'
    iy = '1 2 3 2 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 0
                    1 0
                    2 0
                    1 0
                    0 0
                    '
  []

  [rename_block_name]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = cmg
    old_block = '0 1 2'
    new_block = 'wall_block spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [solid_fluid_interface_1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_block_name
    primary_block = porous_block
    paired_block = wall_block
    new_boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
  []

  [solid_fluid_interface_2]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = solid_fluid_interface_1
    primary_block = spacer_block
    paired_block = wall_block
    new_boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
  []

  [wall_left_boundary_1]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = solid_fluid_interface_2
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.1 0.0127 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = wall_left
  []

  [wall_left_boundary_2]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = wall_left_boundary_1
    bottom_left = '0 2.9857 0'
    top_right = '0.1 2.9984 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = wall_left
  []

  [fluid_left_boundary]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = wall_left_boundary_2
    bottom_left = '0 0.0127 0'
    top_right = '0.1 2.9857 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = fluid_left
  []

  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = PINSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
    pressure = pressure
    porosity = porosity
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [superficial_vel_x]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [superficial_vel_y]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [T_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [lambda]
    family = SCALAR
    order = FIRST
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  # No mass time derivative because imcompressible (derivative = 0)
  [mass]
    type = PINSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [mean_zero_pressure]
    type = FVIntegralValueConstraint
    variable = pressure
    lambda = lambda
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_buoyancy]
    type = PINSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    T_fluid = T_fluid
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    ref_temperature = ${T_cold}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_gravity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumGravity
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_buoyancy]
    type = PINSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    T_fluid = T_fluid
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    ref_temperature = ${T_cold}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_gravity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumGravity
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [temp_conduction]
    type = PINSFVEnergyDiffusion
    k = 'k_fluid'
    variable = T_fluid
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [temp_advection]
    type = PINSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T_fluid
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [heat_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = T_fluid
    function = ${Q}
    block = 'porous_block'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [no_slip_x]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
    function = 0
  []

  [no_slip_y]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
    function = 0
  []

  [reflective_x]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    boundary = fluid_left
    momentum_component = 'x'
    mu = ${mu}
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
  []

  [reflective_y]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    boundary = fluid_left
    momentum_component = 'y'
    mu = ${mu}
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
  []

  [reflective_p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = fluid_left
    variable = pressure
  []

  [T_reflective]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = T_fluid
    boundary = fluid_left
    value = 0
  []

  [T_cold_boundary]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T_fluid
    boundary = solid_fluid_interface
    value = ${T_cold}
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porosity_spacer]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    block = spacer_block
    value = 1.0
  []

  [porosity_fuel]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    block = porous_block
    value = 0.1
  []

  [temp_ic_fluid]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = T_fluid
    value = ${T_cold}
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [superficial_vel_x]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    value = 1E-5
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [superficial_vel_y]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    value = 1E-5
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants_fluid]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'alpha_b cp k_fluid'
    prop_values = '${alpha} ${cp_fluid} ${k_fluid}'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [density_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T_fluid'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [functor_constants_steel]
    # We need this to avoid errors for materials not existing on every block
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'dummy'
    prop_values = 0.0
    block = wall_block
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu NONZERO'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

# a wrapper mesh for coupling to subchannel

# sqrt(3) / 2 is by how much flat to flat is smaller than corer to corner
f = '${fparse sqrt(3) / 2}'

# units are meters
height = 1.0
duct_inside = 0.085
wrapper_thickness = 0.002
duct_outside = '${fparse duct_inside + 2 * wrapper_thickness}'

# number of radial elements in the wrapper
n_radial = 4

# number of azimuthal elements per side
n_az = 4

# number of axial elements
n_ax = 10

# System variables
T_in = 660
[DefaultElementQuality]
  failure_type = warning
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Mesh]
  [bisonMesh]
    type = PolygonConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sides = 6
    num_sectors_per_side = '${n_az} ${n_az} ${n_az} ${n_az} ${n_az} ${n_az}'
    background_intervals = 1
    background_block_ids = '1'
    # note that polygon_size is "like radius"
    polygon_size = '${fparse duct_outside / 2}'
    duct_sizes = '${fparse duct_inside / 2 / f}'
    duct_intervals = '${n_radial}'
    duct_block_ids = '2'
    # interface_boundary_names = 'inside'
    external_boundary_name = 'outside'
  []

  [extrude]
    type = AdvancedExtruderGenerator
    # type = FancyExtruderGenerator
    direction = '0 0 1'
    input = bisonMesh
    heights = '${height}'
    num_layers = '${n_ax}'
  []

  [inlet_boundary]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = extrude
    combinatorial_geometry = 'z < 1e-6'
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    new_sideset_name = 'inlet'
  []

  [outlet_boundary]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = inlet_boundary
    combinatorial_geometry = 'z > ${fparse height - 1e-6}'
    normal = '0 0 1'
    new_sideset_name = 'outlet'
  []

  [inside_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'inside'
    input = outlet_boundary
  []

  [remove]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 1
    input = inside_boundary
  []

  [rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = remove
    old_block = '2'
    new_block = 'wrapper'
  []

  [rotate]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = rename
    transform = ROTATE
    vector_value = '30 0 0'
  []

  coord_type = XYZ
[]

[Functions]
  [volumetric_heat_rate]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.0*H'
    symbol_names = 'H'
    symbol_values = '${height}'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Modules]

  [TensorMechanics]

    [Master]
      add_variables = true
      strain = SMALL
      incremental = true
      generate_output = 'stress_xx stress_yy stress_xy'
      temperature = temperature

      [block0]
        eigenstrain_names = eigenstrain
        block = wrapper
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = HeatSource
    variable = temperature
    function = volumetric_heat_rate
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [q_prime]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [duct_surface_temperature]
  []
  [disp_magnitude]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [QPrime]
    type = SCMTriDuctQPrimeAux
    diffusivity = 'thermal_conductivity'
    flat_to_flat = '${fparse duct_inside}'
    variable = q_prime
    diffusion_variable = temperature
    component = normal
    boundary = 'inside'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [Deformation]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = disp_magnitude
    coupled_variables = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    expression = 'sqrt(disp_x^2 + disp_y^2 + disp_z^2)'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = wrapper
    bulk_modulus = 0.333333333333e6
    poissons_ratio = 0.0
  []
  [thermal_strain]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    block = wrapper
    temperature = temperature
    stress_free_temperature = ${T_in}
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 1e-5
    eigenstrain_name = eigenstrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeStrainIncrementBasedStress
    block = wrapper
  []
  [heat_conductor]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 1.0
    block = wrapper
  []
  [density]
    type = Density
    block = wrapper
    density = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [isolated_bc]
    type = NeumannBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = 'inlet outlet'
  []
  [inside_bc]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = 'inside'
    v = duct_surface_temperature
  []
  [outside_bc]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = 'outside'
    value = '${fparse T_in+10}'
  []

  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'inlet outlet'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'inlet outlet'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 'inlet'
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temperature_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = temperature
    value = ${T_in}
  []
  [q_prime_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = q_prime
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [q_prime_uo]
    type = LayeredSideAverage
    boundary = 'inside'
    variable = q_prime
    num_layers = 1000
    direction = z
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu superlu_dist'

  [Quadrature]
    order = THIRD
    side_order = FOURTH
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

#
# inner_left: 8
# inner_top: 11
# inner_bottom: 10
# inner_front: 9
# back_2: 7
# obstruction: 6
#

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.5 0.75 0.5'
    dz = '1.5 0.5'
    subdomain_id = '
                    3 1 1 1
                    3 1 2 1
                    3 1 1 1

                    3 1 1 1
                    3 1 1 1
                    3 1 1 1
                    '
  []

  [add_obstruction]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = obstruction
    input = cartesian
  []

  [add_new_back]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    new_sideset_name = back_2
    input = add_obstruction
  []

  [add_inner_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = inner_left
    input = add_new_back
  []

  [add_inner_front]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z - 2) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 1'
    new_sideset_name = inner_front
    input = add_inner_left
  []

  [add_inner_bottom]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = inner_bottom
    input = add_inner_front
  []

  [add_inner_top]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y - 1.75) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = inner_top
    input = add_inner_bottom
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    block = '2 3'
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = '2 3'
    diffusion_coefficient = 1
  []

  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = temperature
    value = 1000
    block = '2'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [convective]
    type = CoupledConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    T_infinity = 300
    htc = 50
    boundary = 'left'
  []
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [./cavity]
    boundary = '6 7 8 9 10 11'
    emissivity = '1 1 1 1 1 1'
    n_patches = '1 1 1 1 1 1'
    adiabatic_boundary = '7 9 10 11'
    symmetry_boundary = '2'
    partitioners = 'metis metis metis metis metis metis'
    temperature = temperature
    ray_tracing_face_order = SECOND
    normalize_view_factor = false
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tpv]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temperature
    point = '0.3 0.5 0.5'
  []

  [volume]
    type = VolumePostprocessor
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh

  [./cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1.3 1.9'
    ix = '3 3 3'
    dy = '2 1.2 0.9'
    iy = '3 3 3'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 0
                    4 5 2
                    0 3 0'
  [../]

  [./inner_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_bottom'
  [../]

  [./inner_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_bottom
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_left'
  [../]

  [./inner_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_left
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_right'
  [../]

  [./inner_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_right
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_top'
  [../]

  [./rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '1 2 3 4'
    new_block = '0 0 0 0'
    input = inner_top
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = 0
    diffusion_coefficient = 5
  [../]
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [./cavity]
    boundary = '4 5 6 7'
    emissivity = '0.9 0.8 0.4 1'
    n_patches = '2 2 2 3'
    partitioners = 'centroid centroid centroid centroid'
    centroid_partitioner_directions = 'x y y x'
    temperature = temperature
    adiabatic_boundary = '7'
    fixed_temperature_boundary = '4'
    fixed_boundary_temperatures = '1200'
    view_factor_calculator = analytical
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = left
    value = 600
  [../]

  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = right
    value = 300
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./average_T_inner_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    boundary = inner_right
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# natural convection through a dogleg
height = 2.2
density = 1.2
gravity = 10
head = '${fparse height * density * gravity}'

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.2 0.2 0.2 1'
    ix = '1 3   3   3   1'
    dy = '1   0.2 1'
    iy = '12  3   12'
    subdomain_id = '2 1 2 2 3
                    2 1 1 1 3
                    2 2 2 1 3'
  []

  [wall]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = wall
  []

  [heated_wall]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = wall
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '3'
    new_boundary = heated_wall
  []

  [delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = '2 3'
    input = heated_wall
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = ins_rhie_chow_interpolator
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    add_energy_equation = true
    boussinesq_approximation = true
    thermal_expansion = 8e-4
    gravity = '0 -${gravity} 0'
    density = 1.2
    dynamic_viscosity = 1e-3
    specific_heat = 300
    thermal_conductivity = '10'
    initial_velocity = '0 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0
    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    momentum_inlet_function = '${head}'
    energy_inlet_types = 'fixed-temperature'
    energy_inlet_function = '300'
    wall_boundaries = 'wall heated_wall'
    momentum_wall_types = 'slip slip'
    energy_wall_types = 'heatflux heatflux'
    energy_wall_function = '0 300'
    outlet_boundaries = 'top'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '0'
    energy_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'upwind'
    mass_advection_interpolation = 'upwind'
    friction_blocks = '1'
    friction_types = 'Darcy'
    friction_coeffs = 'friction_coefficient'
    standard_friction_formulation = false
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu        NONZERO'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [props]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'rho'
    prop_values = '${density}'
  []
  [friction_coefficient]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'friction_coefficient'
    prop_values = '2 2 2'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_mfr]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_quantity = rho
    boundary = bottom
  []

  [outlet_mfr]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_quantity = rho
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]



[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./jump_var]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [jump_aux]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    boundary = primary0_interface
    property = jump
    variable = jump_var
  []
[]


[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
    jump_prop_name = jump
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./jump]
    type = JumpInterfaceMaterial
    var = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 back_to_0 right top front'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1 back_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
  [interface_var_jump]
    type = InterfaceAverageVariableValuePostprocessor
    interface_value_type = jump_abs
    variable = u
    neighbor_variable = v
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
    xmax = 0.3
    ymax = 0.3
    zmax = 0.3
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 0.22 & y < 0.23'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_main]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_main]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '3 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '4 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_main to_main_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [eg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '2 1 1'
    dy = '2 3'
    dz = '0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7'
    ix = '2 1 1'
    iy = '2 3'
    iz = '1 1 1 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 1 1
                    1 2 0 1
                    0 1 1 1
                    2 2 2 2
                    3 3 1 3
                    1 1 1 1'
  []
  [sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = eg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = sideset_1
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineSidesetGenerator
    input = sideset
    boundaries = 'sideset_1'
    refinement = '2'
    boundary_side = 'secondary'
    enable_neighbor_refinement = false
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

#
# This test demonstrates an InterfaceKernel (InterfaceDiffusionFlux) that can
# replace a pair of integrated DiffusionFluxBC boundary conditions.
#
# The AuxVariable 'diff' shows the difference between the BC and the InterfaceKernel
# approach.
#

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 50
    ny = 50
  []
  [./box1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.51 1 0'
  [../]
  [./box2]
    input = box1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.49 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = box2
  [../]
  [./iface_v]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 11
    input = iface_u
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u1]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v1]
    block = 2
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.7)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./u2]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v2]
    block = 2
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.7)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./u1_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u1_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v1_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v1
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v1_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v1
    block = 2
  [../]

  [./u2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./diff]
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./u_side]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = diff
    block = 1
    coupled_variables = 'u1 u2'
    expression = 'u1 - u2'
  [../]
  [./v_side]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = diff
    block = 2
    coupled_variables = 'v1 v2'
    expression = 'v1 - v2'
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./iface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionBoundaryTerm
    boundary = 10
    variable = u2
    neighbor_var = v2
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u_boundary_term]
    type = DiffusionFluxBC
    variable = u1
    boundary = 10
  [../]
  [./v_boundary_term]
    type = DiffusionFluxBC
    variable = v1
    boundary = 11
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.001
  num_steps = 20
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

# Base input for testing transfers. It has the following complexities:
# - more than one subapp
# - transfers both from and to the subapps
# - both nodal and elemental variables
# - subapp meshes are not aligned with the main app
# Tests derived from this input may add complexities through command line arguments

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < 0.5 & y < 0.5'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_sub]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_sub]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '1 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '2 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
  verbose_multiapps = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_sub to_sub_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

[MultiApps]
  [sub]
    # 1 on corner, one in the center and one close to a corner
    # The subapp mesh is a 0.3-sized cube, no overlap
    positions = '0.2222 0.00002 0.0001 0.61111 0.311111 0.31211 0.76666 0.111114 0.81111'
    type = TransientMultiApp
    app_type = MooseTestApp
    input_files = sub.i
    execute_on = timestep_end
    # Facilitates debugging
    output_in_position = true
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  # Boundary restrictions are added in the tests specification
  [to_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldNearestLocationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_sub
    variable = from_main
  []

  [to_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldNearestLocationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_sub_elem
    variable = from_main_elem
  []

  [from_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldNearestLocationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_main
    variable = from_sub
  []

  [from_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldNearestLocationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_main_elem
    variable = from_sub_elem
  []
[]

[Mesh]
   [cartesian]
     type = CartesianMeshGenerator
     dim = 3
     dx = '0.55 0.9 0.55'
     dy = '0.55 0.9 0.55'
     dz = '0.75 0.0001 0.25'
     subdomain_id = '0 0 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 1 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 0 0
                     0 0 0'
   []

   [side_set_around_obstruction]
     type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
     input = cartesian
     primary_block = 1
     paired_block = 0
     new_boundary = 'obstacle'
   []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [view_factor_study]
    type = ViewFactorRayStudy
    execute_on = initial
    boundary = 'left right top bottom front back obstacle'
    face_order = FOURTH
    polar_quad_order = 12
    azimuthal_quad_order = 4
    warn_subdomain_hmax = false
  []

  [view_factor]
    type = RayTracingViewFactor
    boundary = 'left right top bottom front back obstacle'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_study_name = view_factor_study
  []
[]

[RayBCs/viewfactor]
  type = ViewFactorRayBC
  boundary = 'left right top bottom front back obstacle'
[]

# Reference solution for front -> back view factor
# is 0.282833. This result is derived from analytical
# view factors from:
# front -> orthogonal sides around front [left right top bottom]
# front -> obstacle
# front -> everywhere must be sum to 1
#
[Postprocessors]
  [front_back]
    type = ViewFactorPP
    from_boundary = front
    to_boundary = back
    view_factor_object_name = view_factor
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

# Verification Test of ParallelElectricFieldInterface
# with default materials
#
# Imposes u_parallel = v_parallel on each interface
# between subdomain 0 and 1

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    nz = 10
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
    zmax = 2
    elem_type = HEX20
  []
  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
    input = gmg
  []
  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]


[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [curl_u]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [coeff_u]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [ffn_u]
    type = VectorBodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
    function_x = 1
    function_y = 1
    function_z = 1
  []
  [curl_v]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [coeff_v]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [parallel]
    type = ParallelElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[BCs]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.15

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = ${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}
rpv_outer_radius = ${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [core_gap_rpv]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    radii = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_inner_radius} ${rpv_outer_radius}'
    rings = '2 1 2'
    has_outer_square = false
    preserve_volumes = true
    portion = full
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = core_gap_rpv
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 2
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [RPV_gap]
    type = GapHeatTransfer
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
    emissivity_primary = 0.8
    emissivity_secondary = 0.8
    variable = Tsolid
    primary = 'core_outer'
    secondary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
    quadrature = true
    cylinder_axis_point_1 = '0 0 0'
    cylinder_axis_point_2 = '0 0 5'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  automatic_scaling = true
  compute_scaling_once = false
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type -ksp_gmres_restart '
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg 100'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    side_order = seventh
  []
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

mu = 1
rho = 1
k = .01
cp = 1

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.5'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '8 5'
    iy = '8'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
  [fluid_side]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = 'interface'
    boundaries = 'top bottom'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  # retain behavior at time of test creation
  two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = 'average'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    block = 0
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 1e-6
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 1e-6
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [T]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [Ts]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 1
  []
  [lambda]
    family = SCALAR
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [mean_zero_pressure]
    type = FVIntegralValueConstraint
    variable = pressure
    lambda = lambda
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T
  []
  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
  []

  [solid_temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = Ts
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [convection]
    type = FVConvectionCorrelationInterface
    variable1 = T
    variable2 = Ts
    boundary = 'interface'
    h = 5
    T_solid = Ts
    T_fluid = T
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
    wall_cell_is_bulk = true
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [walls_u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'interface left'
    function = 0
  []
  [walls_v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'interface left'
    function = 0
  []

  [inlet_u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    function = 1
  []

  [inlet_T]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    value = 0.5
  []

  [outlet]
    type = INSFVMassAdvectionOutflowBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    u = u
    v = v
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [outlet_u]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvectionOutflowBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'x'
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [outlet_v]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvectionOutflowBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    u = u
    v = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [heater]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = 'Ts'
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 10
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp k'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${k}'
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      lu           NONZERO                   200'
  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [max_T]
    type = ADElementExtremeFunctorValue
    functor = T
    block = 0
  []
  [max_Ts]
    type = ADElementExtremeFunctorValue
    functor = Ts
    block = 1
  []
  [mdot_out]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.2

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = '${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_outer_radius = '${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_width = '${fparse rpv_outer_radius - rpv_inner_radius}'

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_core_gap_size} ${rpv_width}'
    ix = '400 1 100'
    dy = 1
    iy = '5'
  []
  [set_block_id1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '${core_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id1
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [set_block_id3]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    bottom_left = '${rpv_inner_radius} 0 0'
    top_right = '${rpv_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 3
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id3
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  # comment out for test without gap
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 0
  []
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [RPV_gap]
    type = GapHeatTransfer
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
    emissivity_primary = 0.8
    emissivity_secondary = 0.8
    variable = Tsolid
    primary = 'core_outer'
    secondary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
    quadrature = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
  [flux_from_core] # converges to ptot as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = core_outer
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []
  [flux_into_rpv] # converges to rpv_convective_out as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = rpv_inner
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []

[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  automatic_scaling = true
  compute_scaling_once = false
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type -ksp_gmres_restart '
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg 100'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100
  [Quadrature]
    # order = fifth
    side_order = seventh
  []
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  second_order = true
  inactive = 'mesh internal_boundary_bot internal_boundary_top'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1'
    dy = '1 1 1'
    ix = '5'
    iy = '5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '1
                    2
                    3'
  []
  [internal_boundary_bot]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
  []
  [internal_boundary_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_bot
    new_boundary = 'internal_top'
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
  [diverging_mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'expansion_quad.e'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [IncompressibleNavierStokes]
    equation_type = steady-state

    # no slip BCs
    velocity_boundary = 'bottom right left'
    velocity_function = '0 1    0 0   0 0'
    pressure_boundary = 'top'
    pressure_function = '1'

    density_name = rho
    dynamic_viscosity_name = mu

    integrate_p_by_parts = false
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [const]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1 2 3'
    prop_names = 'rho mu'
    prop_values = '1  1'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ADconst]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1 2 3'
    prop_names = 'rho_ad'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_levels'
  petsc_options_value = '300                bjacobi  ilu          4'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_mass_constant]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = 1
  []
  [inlet_mass_matprop]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_mat_prop = 'rho_ad'
  []
  [mid1_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [other_mid1_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_mat_prop = 'rho_ad'
  []
  [mid2_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [outlet_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []

  [inlet_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_x
  []
  [mid1_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_x
  []
  [mid2_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_x
  []
  [outlet_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_x
  []

  [inlet_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_y
  []
  [mid1_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_y
  []
  [mid2_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_y
  []
  [outlet_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    advected_variable = vel_y
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  inactive = 'console_mass console_momentum_x console_momentum_y'
  [console_mass]
    type = Console
    start_step = 1
    show = 'inlet_mass_variable inlet_mass_constant inlet_mass_matprop mid1_mass mid2_mass outlet_mass'
  []
  [console_momentum_x]
    type = Console
    start_step = 1
    show = 'inlet_momentum_x mid1_momentum_x mid2_momentum_x outlet_momentum_x'
  []
  [console_momentum_y]
    type = Console
    start_step = 1
    show = 'inlet_momentum_y mid1_momentum_y mid2_momentum_y outlet_momentum_y'
  []
[]

# Test for `StructureAcousticInterface` interface kernel. The domain is 1D with 20m
# length. The fluid domain is on the right and the structural domain is on the left.
# Fluid end is subjected to a 250Hz sine wave with a single peak of amplitude unity.
# Structural domain is 4 times as dense as the fluid domain with all other material
# properties being the same. Fluid pressure is recorded at the midpoint in the fluid
# domain (i.e., at 15m). Structural stress is recorded at the midpoint in the structural
# domain (i.e., at 5m). The recorded pressure and stress amplitudes should match
# with theoretical values.
#
# Input parameters:
# Dimensions = 1
# Length = 20 meters
# Fluid speed of sound = 1500 m/s
# Fluid density = 1e-6 Giga kg/m^3
# Structural bulk modulus = 2.25 GPa
# Structural shear modulus = 0 GPa
# Structural density = 4e-6 Giga kg/m^3
# Fluid domain = true
# Fluid BC = single peak sine wave applied as a pressure on the fluid end
# Structural domain = true
# Structural BC = Neumann BC with value zero applied on the structural end.

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 50
    xmax = 20
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '10.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '20.0 0.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'interface1'
  [../]
[]

[GlobalParams]
[]

[Variables]
  [./p]
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./disp_x]
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./vel_x]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_x]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diffusion]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = 'p'
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./inertia]
    type = AcousticInertia
    variable = p
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./DynamicTensorMechanics]
    displacements = 'disp_x'
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./inertia_x1]
    type = InertialForce
    variable = disp_x
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./accel_x]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_x
    variable = accel_x
    first = false
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_x]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_x
    variable = vel_x
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface1]
    type =  StructureAcousticInterface
    variable = p
    neighbor_var = disp_x
    boundary = 'interface1'
    D = 1e-6
    component = 0
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./bottom_accel]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = p
    boundary = 'right'
    function = accel_bottom
  [../]
  [./disp_x1]
    type = NeumannBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0.0
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./accel_bottom]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = Input_1Peak_highF.csv
    scale_factor = 1e-2
    format = 'columns'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./co_sq]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = inv_co_sq
    prop_values = 4.44e-7
    block = '1'
  [../]
  [./density0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 0
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 4e-6
  [../]
  [./elasticity_base]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    bulk_modulus = 2.25
    shear_modulus = 0.0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./strain]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrain
    block = 0
    displacements = 'disp_x'
  [../]
  [./stress]
    type =  ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.01
  dt = 0.0001
  dtmin = 0.00001
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  l_tol = 1e-12
  l_max_its = 25
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-8
  automatic_scaling = true
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = NewmarkBeta
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./p1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '10.0 0.0 0.0'
    variable = p
  [../]
  [./stress1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '10.0 0.0 0.0'
    variable = stress_xx
  [../]
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  second_order = true
  inactive = 'mesh internal_boundary_bot internal_boundary_top'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1'
    dy = '1 1 1'
    ix = '5'
    iy = '5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '1
                    2
                    3'
  []
  [internal_boundary_bot]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
  []
  [internal_boundary_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_bot
    new_boundary = 'internal_top'
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
  [diverging_mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'expansion_quad.e'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [IncompressibleNavierStokes]
    equation_type = steady-state

    # no slip BCs
    velocity_boundary = 'bottom right left'
    velocity_function = '0 1    0 0   0 0'
    pressure_boundary = 'top'
    pressure_function = '1'

    density_name = rho
    dynamic_viscosity_name = mu

    integrate_p_by_parts = false
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [const]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1 2 3'
    prop_names = 'rho mu'
    prop_values = '1  1'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ADconst]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1 2 3'
    prop_names = 'rho_ad'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
  [vel_functor]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'velocity'
    prop_values = 'vel_x vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_gmres_restart -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_levels'
  petsc_options_value = '300                bjacobi  ilu          4'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pdrop_total]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = p
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom'
    downstream_boundary = 'top'
    boundary = 'top bottom'
  []
  [pdrop_mid1]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = p
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom'
    downstream_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    boundary = 'bottom internal_bot'
  []
  [pdrop_mid2]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = p
    upstream_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    downstream_boundary = 'internal_top'
    boundary = 'internal_top internal_bot'
  []
  [pdrop_mid3]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = p
    upstream_boundary = 'internal_top'
    downstream_boundary = 'top'
    boundary = 'top internal_top'
  []
  [sum_drops]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = 'pdrop_mid1 + pdrop_mid2 + pdrop_mid3'
    pp_names = 'pdrop_mid1 pdrop_mid2 pdrop_mid3'
  []

  [p_upstream]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [p_downstream]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = p
    boundary = 'top'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

D0 = 1
D1 = 2
D2 = 6

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    dx = '1.5 3 2'
    ix = '3 3 4'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 2'
  []
  [add_01]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = '0to1'
  []
  [add_12]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'add_01'
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = '1to2'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [T_solid]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff1]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = T_solid
    coeff = ${D0}
    block = 0
  []
  [diff2]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = T_solid
    coeff = ${D1}
    block = 1
  []
  [diff3]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = T_solid
    coeff = ${D2}
    block = 2
  []
  [source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = T_solid
    value = 1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [01]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = T_solid
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = ${D0}
    coeff2 = ${D1}
    boundary = '0to1'
  []
  [12]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = T_solid
    subdomain1 = '1'
    subdomain2 = '2'
    coeff1 = ${D1}
    coeff2 = ${D2}
    boundary = '1to2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [all_values]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    variable = T_solid
    sort_by = 'x'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
    initial_condition = '2 2 2'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL_VEC
    initial_condition = '3 3 3'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4 3 2'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2 1 0'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [convert_to_reg]
    type = VectorMaterialFunctorConverter
    functors_in = 'D u v'
    reg_props_out = 'm1 m3 m4'
    outputs = 'exo'
  []
  [convert_to_ad]
    type = VectorMaterialFunctorConverter
    functors_in = 'D u v'
    ad_props_out = 'm1a m3a m4a'
    outputs = 'exo'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  [exo]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'u v'
  []
[]

mu = 1.1
rho = 1.1

# No scalar diffusion, as we are looking at advective flow rate for conservation
diff = 0

advected_interp_method = 'upwind'

[Problem]
  error_on_jacobian_nonzero_reallocation = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 5
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    nx = 20
    ny = 10
  []
  [second_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = 'gen'
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 2.5001'
    block_id = '1'
  []
  [middle]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'second_block'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'mid'
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [NavierStokes]
    [Flow]
      [flow]
        compressibility = 'incompressible'
        porous_medium_treatment = true

        density = 'rho'
        dynamic_viscosity = 'mu'

        # Porosity settings
        porosity = 'porosity'
        porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = 'bernoulli'

        initial_velocity = '1 1e-6 0'
        initial_pressure = 0.0

        inlet_boundaries = 'left'
        momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity'
        momentum_inlet_functors = '1 0'
        wall_boundaries = 'top bottom'
        momentum_wall_types = 'slip slip'
        outlet_boundaries = 'right'
        momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
        pressure_functors = '0'

        mass_advection_interpolation = '${advected_interp_method}'
        momentum_advection_interpolation = '${advected_interp_method}'
      []
    []
    [ScalarTransport]
      [flow]
        passive_scalar_names = 'scalar'

        passive_scalar_diffusivity = '${diff}'

        # Should add +1.25 to scalar concentration on left domain
        # Then multiply by 2: 3.25 -> 6.5
        # then +2.5 on the right domain -> outlet flow at 9
        passive_scalar_coupled_source = Q
        passive_scalar_coupled_source_coeff = 0.1

        # See flow for inlet boundary
        passive_scalar_inlet_types = 'fixed-value'
        passive_scalar_inlet_functors = '2'

        # No need to specify wall or outlet boundaries here

        passive_scalar_advection_interpolation = '${advected_interp_method}'
      []
    []
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [const]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'rho mu Q'
    prop_values = '${rho} ${mu} 10'
  []
  [eps_step]
    type = PiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'porosity'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '0 0.5
                               1 1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu NONZERO'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-11
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

# Some basic Postprocessors to visually examine the solution
[Postprocessors]
  [inlet-u]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = '1'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [outlet-u]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = '1'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [inlet-momx]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 'superficial_vel_x'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [outlet-momx]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 'superficial_vel_x'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [inlet-scalar]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 'scalar'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [mid-scalar]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 'scalar'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'mid'
  []
  [outlet-scalar]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'superficial_vel_x'
    vel_y = 'superficial_vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 'scalar'
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    advected_interp_method = '${advected_interp_method}'
    subtract_mesh_velocity = 'false'
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmax = 2
    nx = 10
    ymax = 2
    ny = 10
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  []
  [boundaries]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    boundaries = 'left bottom'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = L2_LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  [dg_diffusion]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = u
    sigma = 4
    epsilon = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [vacuum]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  []
  [primary1_inteface]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [norm]
    type = ElementL2Norm
    variable = u
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

############################################################
[GlobalParams]
  order = CONSTANT
  family = MONOMIAL
  u = u
  slope_limiting = lslope
  implicit = false
[]
############################################################
[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 100
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.5 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '1.0 1.0 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    input = subdomain1
  [../]
  [./interface_again]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
    input = interface
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[Functions]
  [./ic_u]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = x
    direction = right
    xy_data = '0.1 0.5
               0.4 1.0
               0.5 0.5'
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[UserObjects]
  [./lslope]
    type = AEFVSlopeLimitingOneD
    execute_on = 'linear'
    scheme = 'superbee' #none | minmod | mc | superbee
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./internal_side_flux]
    type = AEFVUpwindInternalSideFlux
    execute_on = 'linear'
  [../]

  [./free_outflow_bc]
    type = AEFVFreeOutflowBoundaryFlux
    execute_on = 'linear'
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = 1
    family = LAGRANGE
    order = FIRST
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[ICs]
  [./u_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = 'u'
    function = ic_u
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[Kernels]
  [./time_u]
    implicit = true
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    implicit = true
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./time_v]
    implicit = true
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[DGKernels]
  [./concentration]
    type = AEFVKernel
    variable = u
    component = 'concentration'
    flux = internal_side_flux
    block = 0
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[BCs]
  [./concentration]
    type = AEFVBC
    boundary = 'left primary0_interface'
    variable = u
    component = 'concentration'
    flux = free_outflow_bc
  [../]
  [./v_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'primary1_interface'
    variable = v
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./v_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    value = 0
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[Materials]
  [./aefv]
    type = AEFVMaterial
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./dummy_1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = ''
    prop_values = ''
  [../]
[]
############################################################
[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  [./TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitMidpoint
  [../]
  solve_type = 'LINEAR'

  l_tol = 1e-4
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-20
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 4 # 4 | 400 for complete run
  dt = 5e-4
  dtmin = 1e-6
[]

[Outputs]
  [./out]
    type = Exodus
    time_step_interval = 2
  [../]
  perf_graph = true
[]

mu = 1.2
rho_fluid = 0.2
k_fluid = 1.1
cp_fluid = 2.3
T_cold = 310
alpha = 1e-3
Q = 200

pressure_tag = "pressure_grad"

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = 'average'
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.3683 0.0127'
    dy = '0.0127 0.2292 2.5146 0.2292 0.0127'
    ix = '2 1'
    iy = '1 2 3 2 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 0
                    1 0
                    2 0
                    1 0
                    0 0
                    '
  []

  [rename_block_name]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = cmg
    old_block = '0 1 2'
    new_block = 'wall_block spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [solid_fluid_interface_1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_block_name
    primary_block = porous_block
    paired_block = wall_block
    new_boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
  []

  [solid_fluid_interface_2]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = solid_fluid_interface_1
    primary_block = spacer_block
    paired_block = wall_block
    new_boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
  []

  [wall_left_boundary_1]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = solid_fluid_interface_2
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.1 0.0127 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = wall_left
  []

  [wall_left_boundary_2]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = wall_left_boundary_1
    bottom_left = '0 2.9857 0'
    top_right = '0.1 2.9984 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = wall_left
  []

  [fluid_left_boundary]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = wall_left_boundary_2
    bottom_left = '0 0.0127 0'
    top_right = '0.1 2.9857 0'
    included_boundaries = left
    boundary_new = fluid_left
  []

  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = PINSFVRhieChowInterpolatorSegregated
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
    pressure = pressure
    porosity = porosity
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  nl_sys_names = 'u_system v_system pressure_system t_system'
  previous_nl_solution_required = true
  error_on_jacobian_nonzero_reallocation = true
[]

[Variables]
  [superficial_vel_x]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    solver_sys = u_system
  []

  [superficial_vel_y]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    solver_sys = v_system
  []

  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    solver_sys = pressure_system
  []

  [T_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    solver_sys = t_system
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [u_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []

  [u_buoyancy]
    type = PINSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    T_fluid = T_fluid
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    ref_temperature = ${T_cold}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [u_gravity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumGravity
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []

  [v_buoyancy]
    type = PINSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    T_fluid = T_fluid
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    ref_temperature = ${T_cold}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_gravity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumGravity
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    gravity = '0 -1 0'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [temp_conduction]
    type = PINSFVEnergyDiffusion
    k = 'k_fluid'
    variable = T_fluid
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [temp_advection]
    type = PINSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T_fluid
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
    boundaries_to_force = fluid_left
  []

  [heat_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = T_fluid
    function = ${Q}
    block = 'porous_block'
  []

  [p_diffusion]
    type = FVAnisotropicDiffusion
    variable = pressure
    coeff = "Ainv"
    coeff_interp_method = 'average'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
  [p_source]
    type = FVDivergence
    variable = pressure
    vector_field = "HbyA"
    force_boundary_execution = true
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [no_slip_x]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
    function = 0
  []

  [no_slip_y]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    boundary = 'solid_fluid_interface'
    function = 0
  []

  [reflective_x]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    boundary = fluid_left
    momentum_component = 'x'
    mu = ${mu}
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
  []

  [reflective_y]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    boundary = fluid_left
    momentum_component = 'y'
    mu = ${mu}
    u = superficial_vel_x
    v = superficial_vel_y
  []

  [reflective_p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = fluid_left
    variable = pressure
  []

  [T_reflective]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = T_fluid
    boundary = fluid_left
    value = 0
  []

  [T_cold_boundary]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T_fluid
    boundary = solid_fluid_interface
    value = ${T_cold}
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porosity_spacer]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    block = spacer_block
    value = 1.0
  []

  [porosity_fuel]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    block = porous_block
    value = 0.1
  []

  [temp_ic_fluid]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = T_fluid
    value = ${T_cold}
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [superficial_vel_x]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    value = 1E-5
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [superficial_vel_y]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = superficial_vel_y
    value = 1E-5
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants_fluid]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'alpha_b cp k_fluid'
    prop_values = '${alpha} ${cp_fluid} ${k_fluid}'
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [density_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T_fluid'
    rho = ${rho_fluid}
    block = 'spacer_block porous_block'
  []

  [functor_constants_steel]
    # We need this to avoid errors for materials not existing on every block
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'dummy'
    prop_values = 0.0
    block = wall_block
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = SIMPLENonlinearAssembly
  momentum_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  pressure_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  energy_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  momentum_l_tol = 0
  pressure_l_tol = 0
  energy_l_tol = 0
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  momentum_systems = 'u_system v_system'
  pressure_system = 'pressure_system'
  energy_system = 't_system'
  pressure_gradient_tag = ${pressure_tag}
  momentum_equation_relaxation = 0.85
  energy_equation_relaxation = 0.95
  pressure_variable_relaxation = 0.45
  num_iterations = 150
  pressure_absolute_tolerance = 1e-13
  momentum_absolute_tolerance = 1e-13
  pin_pressure = true
  pressure_pin_point = '0.2 1.5 0.0'
  pressure_pin_value = 0
  print_fields = false
  continue_on_max_its = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  active = 'gmg'

  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '1 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []

  [internal]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gmg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  active = 'study'
  [study]
    type = RepeatableRayStudy
    start_points = '0 0 0'
    directions = '1 0 0'
    names = 'ray'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  []

  [set_end_study]
    type = RepeatableRayStudy
    start_points = '0 0 0'
    end_points = '1 0 0'
    names = 'ray'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
    use_internal_sidesets = true
  []

  [start_internal_study]
    type = RepeatableRayStudy
    start_points = '0.5 0 0'
    directions = '1 0 0'
    names = 'ray'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
    use_internal_sidesets = true
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  active = ''

  [kill]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = right
  []
  [change]
    type = ChangeRayRayBCTest
    boundary = right
    change_direction = true
  []
  [change_again]
    type = ChangeRayRayBCTest
    boundary = right
    change_direction = true
  []
  [change_internal]
    type = ChangeRayRayBCTest
    boundary = internal
    change_direction = true
  []
  [change_zero]
    type = ChangeRayRayBCTest
    boundary = right
    change_direction_zero = true
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = FunctorMatDiffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

mu=1
rho=1
advected_interp_method='average'
velocity_interp_method='rc'

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  inactive = 'mesh internal_boundary_bot internal_boundary_top'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1'
    dy = '1 1 1'
    ix = '5'
    iy = '5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '1
                    2
                    3'
  []
  [internal_boundary_bot]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
  []
  [internal_boundary_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_bot
    new_boundary = 'internal_top'
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
  [diverging_mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'expansion_quad.e'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
  []
  [temperature]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [advected_density]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = ${rho}
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    force_boundary_execution = true
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    force_boundary_execution = true
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = temperature
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [temp_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = temperature
    function = 10
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = v
    function = 1
  []
  [noslip-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [noslip-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [axis-u]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = x
  []
  [axis-v]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = y
  []
  [axis-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'top'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_temp]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'temperature'
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [advected_material_property]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'advected_rho cp'
    prop_values ='${rho} 1'
  []
  [vel_functor]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'velocity'
    prop_values = 'u v 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_gmres_restart -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      200                lu           NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pdrop_total]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = pressure
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom'
    downstream_boundary = 'top'
    boundary = 'top bottom'
  []
  [pdrop_mid1]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = pressure
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom'
    downstream_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    boundary = 'bottom internal_bot'
  []
  [pdrop_mid2]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = pressure
    upstream_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    downstream_boundary = 'internal_top'
    boundary = 'internal_top internal_bot'
  []
  [pdrop_mid3]
    type = PressureDrop
    pressure = pressure
    upstream_boundary = 'internal_top'
    downstream_boundary = 'top'
    boundary = 'top internal_top'
  []
  [sum_drops]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = 'pdrop_mid1 + pdrop_mid2 + pdrop_mid3'
    pp_names = 'pdrop_mid1 pdrop_mid2 pdrop_mid3'
  []

  [p_upstream]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [p_downstream]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'top'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  material_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.5 4 1 4 0.5'
    ix = '2 2 2 2 2'
    dy = '0.3 10 1'
    iy = '2 2 2'
    subdomain_id = '1  2  3  4   5
                    6  7  8  9  10
                    11 12 13 14 15'
  []

  [add_side_left_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 6
    paired_block = 7
    new_boundary = left_left
    input = cartesian
  []

  [add_side_left_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 7
    new_boundary = left_bottom
    input = add_side_left_left
  []

  [add_side_left_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 8
    paired_block = 7
    new_boundary = left_right
    input = add_side_left_bottom
  []

  [add_side_left_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 12
    paired_block = 7
    new_boundary = left_top
    input = add_side_left_right
  []

  [add_side_right_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 8
    paired_block = 9
    new_boundary = right_left
    input = add_side_left_top
  []

  [add_side_right_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 9
    new_boundary = right_bottom
    input = add_side_right_left
  []

  [add_side_right_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 10
    paired_block = 9
    new_boundary = right_right
    input = add_side_right_bottom
  []

  [add_side_right_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 14
    paired_block = 9
    new_boundary = right_top
    input = add_side_right_right
  []
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [left]
    boundary = 'left_left left_right left_bottom left_top'
    emissivity = '0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5'
    n_patches = '2 2 2 2'
    temperature = temperature
    ray_tracing_face_order = SECOND
  []

  [right]
    boundary = 'right_left right_right right_bottom right_top'
    emissivity = '0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5'
    n_patches = '2 2 2 2'
    temperature = temperature
    ray_tracing_face_order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    block =  '1  2  3  4  5 6   8  10 11 12 13 14 15'
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    diffusion_coefficient = 10
    block =  '1  2  3  4  5 6   8  10 11 12 13 14 15'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
    boundary = bottom
  []

  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 400
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmax = 6
    nx = 6
  []

  [central_block]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '2 0 0'
    top_right = '4 0 0'
  []

  [central_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = central_block
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 7
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  active = 'kill_internal'
  # active = 'kill_external reflect_internal'

  # for testing internal kill
  [kill_internal]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 7
  []

  # for testing internal reflect
  [kill_external]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = ReflectRayBC
    boundary = 7
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  start_points = '0 0 0
                  2 0 0
                  6 0 0
                  4 0 0
                  3 0 0'
  directions = '1 0 0
                1 0 0
                -1 0 0
                -1 0 0
                -1 0 0'
  names = 'left_in at_left right_in at_right inside_left'
  ray_distance = 10
  execute_on = initial
  ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  use_internal_sidesets = true
[]

[Postprocessors/total_distance]
  type = RayTracingStudyResult
  study = study
  result = total_distance
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 100
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
  [interface_again]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
    show_info = true
  []
  # skip_partitioning = true
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [test_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [adv_u]
    type = ConservativeAdvection
    variable = u
    velocity = '1 0 0'
    block = 0
  []
  [test_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [adv_v]
    type = ConservativeAdvection
    variable = v
    velocity = '1 0 0'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  [dg_advection_u]
    type = DGConvection
    variable = u
    velocity = '1 0 0'
    block = 0
  []
  [dg_diffusion_u]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = u
    sigma = 0
    epsilon = -1
    block = 0
  []
  [dg_advection_v]
    type = DGConvection
    variable = v
    velocity = '1 0 0'
    block = 1
  []
  [dg_diffusion_v]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = v
    sigma = 0
    epsilon = -1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = InflowBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    inlet_conc = 2
    velocity = '1 0 0'
  []
  [primary0_inteface]
    type = RobinBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
  [primary1_interface]
    type = InflowBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary1_interface'
    inlet_conc = 4
    velocity = '1 0 0'
  []
  [right]
    type = RobinBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [u_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = u
    value = 0
  []
  [v_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = v
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [fdp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0'
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [v]
    block = '1'
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = ADMaterialPropertySource
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    source = couple
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [consumer]
    type = ConsumerInterfaceMaterial
    prop_consumed = ad_jump
    prop_produced = couple
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
  [jump]
    type = JumpInterfaceMaterial
    var = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Verification Test of PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface and
# ParallelElectricFieldInterface with user-defined materials
# and interface free charge
#
# Imposes epsilon_0 * u_perpendicular - epsilon_1 * v_perpendicular = free_charge
# and u_parallel = v_parallel on each interface between subdomain
# blocks 0 and 1
#
# epsilon_0 = 1.0
# epsilon_1 = 10.0
# free_charge = 1.0

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    nz = 10
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
    zmax = 2
    elem_type = HEX20
  []
  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
    input = gmg
  []
  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [curl_u]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [coeff_u]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [ffn_u]
    type = VectorBodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
    function_x = 1
    function_y = 1
    function_z = 1
  []
  [curl_v]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [coeff_v]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [perpendicular]
    type = PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    primary_epsilon = 1.0
    secondary_epsilon = 10.0
    free_charge = 1.0
  []
  [parallel]
    type = ParallelElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[BCs]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./interface_again]
    input = interface
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]


  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./body_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
    function = 'x^3+x^2+x+1'
  [../]
  [./body_v]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = v
    block = 1
    function = 'x^3+x^2+x+1'
  [../]
[]

[DGKernels]
  [./dg_diff_v]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
    diff = 2
    sigma = 6
    epsilon = -1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = OneSideDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 4
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  [../]
  # [./right]
  #   type = DirichletBC
  #   variable = v
  #   boundary = 'right'
  #   value = 0
  # [../]
  [./right]
    type = DGFunctionDiffusionDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    function = 0
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
  [../]
  [./middle]
    type = NeumannBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    value = '.5'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 4
    ny = 4
    nz = 0
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 0
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []

  [./subdomain_id]
    type = SubdomainPerElementGenerator
    input = gmg
    subdomain_ids = '0 0 0 0
                     1 1 1 3
                     2 2 3 3
                     1 2 3 3'
  []

  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0 1'
    paired_block = '2 3'
    new_boundary = 'in_between'
  []

  [./emperty_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'not_in_mesh'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
  []

  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
  []

  [./subdomain2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 1'
    block_id = 2
  []

  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain2
    primary_block = '1 2'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []

  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 1
    ny = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 2
  []

  [bottom]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  []
  [top]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = bottom
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0 1 0'
    top_right = '1 2 0'
  []
  [middle]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = top
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = middle
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [block1_qps]
    type = NumElemQPs
    block = 1
  []
  [block2_qps]
    type = NumElemQPs
    block = 2
  []
  [top_side_qps]
    type = NumSideQPs
    boundary = top
  []
  [bottom_side_qps]
    type = NumSideQPs
    boundary = bottom
  []
  [middle_side_qps]
    type = NumSideQPs
    boundary = middle
  []
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  [Quadrature]
    custom_blocks = '1 2'
    custom_orders = 'first second'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = primary0_interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 4
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 0.1*t
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusionDot
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = TRUE
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 3
  dtmin = 0.1
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  [./out]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./interface_value_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = average
  [../]
  [./interface_primary_minus_secondary_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = jump_primary_minus_secondary
  [../]
  [./interface_secondary_minus_primary_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = jump_secondary_minus_primary
  [../]
  [./interface_absolute_jump_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = jump_abs
  [../]
  [./interface_primary_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = primary
  [../]
  [./interface_secondary_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpValueUserObject
    var = diffusivity_1
    var_neighbor = diffusivity_2
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    interface_value_type = secondary
  [../]
[]


[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 0
    initial_diffusivity = 5
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 1
    initial_diffusivity = 2
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_1
    execute_on = 'INITIAL  NONLINEAR'
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = 'INITIAL NONLINEAR'
  []
  [./interface_avg_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_value_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [./interface_primary_minus_secondary_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = primary_minus_secondary_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_primary_minus_secondary_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./interface_secondary_minus_primary_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = secondary_minus_primary_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_secondary_minus_primary_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./interface_absolute_jump_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = abs_jump_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_absolute_jump_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./interface_primary_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = primary_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_primary_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./interface_secondary_qp_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = secondary_qp
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_secondary_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]


[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./avg_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./primary_minus_secondary_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./secondary_minus_primary_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./abs_jump_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./primary_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./secondary_qp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]



[Postprocessors]
  [./interface_average_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  avg_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./primary_minus_secondary_qp_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  primary_minus_secondary_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./secondary_minus_primary_qp_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  secondary_minus_primary_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./abs_jump_qp_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  abs_jump_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./primary_qp_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  primary_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
  [./secondary_qp_PP]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    variable =  secondary_qp
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]
[]

[Mesh]
  [./cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.45 0.1 0.45'
    ix = '5 1 5'
    dy = '0.45 0.1 0.45'
    iy = '5 1 5'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    1 2 1
                    1 1 1'
  [../]

  [./add_iss_1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'interface'
    input = cartesian
  [../]

  [./block_deleter]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 2
    input = add_iss_1
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./channel_T]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 400
  [../]

  [./channel_Hw]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 1000
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./graphite_diffusion]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    thermal_conductivity = 'thermal_conductivity'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  ## boundary conditions for the thm channels in the reflector
  [./channel_heat_transfer]
    type = CoupledConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    htc = channel_Hw
    T_infinity = channel_T
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]

  # hot boundary on the left
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 1000
    boundary = 'left'
  [../]

  # cool boundary on the right
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
    boundary = 'right'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./pronghorn_solid_material]
    type = ADHeatConductionMaterial
    temp = temperature
    thermal_conductivity = 25
    specific_heat = 1000
  [../]

  [./htc_material]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'alpha_wall'
    prop_values = '1000'
  [../]

  [./tfluid_mat]
    type = ADPiecewiseLinearInterpolationMaterial
    property = tfluid_mat
    variable = channel_T
    x = '400 500'
    y = '400 500'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./Qw1]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid_var = channel_T
    htc_var = channel_Hw
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]

  [./Qw2]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid_var = channel_T
    htc = alpha_wall
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]

  [./Qw3]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid = tfluid_mat
    htc = alpha_wall
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

# Fluid properties
mu = 1
rho = 1
cp = 1
k = 1e-3

# Operating conditions
u_inlet = 1
T_inlet = 200
p_outlet = 10

# expected temperature at outlet
#
# mdot * cp dT = Qdot
# Qdot = 500
# mdot = 1
# cp = 1
# dT = 500

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '5  0.1 4.9'
    ix = '10 3 10'
    dy = '0.5 0.5'
    iy = '2 2'
    subdomain_id = '1 2 3 1 3 3'
  []

  [interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2 3'
    new_boundary = 'interior'
    input = gen
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []

  [hsrc]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porosity_1]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    value = 0.5
    block = '1 3'
  []

  [porosity_2]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = porosity
    value = 0.1
    block = 2
  []

  [hsrc]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = hsrc
    value = 100
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true
    add_energy_equation = true

    density = 'rho'
    dynamic_viscosity = 'mu'
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
    specific_heat = 'cp'
    porosity = 'porosity'

    # Reference file sets effective_conductivity by default that way
    # so the conductivity is multiplied by the porosity in the kernel
    effective_conductivity = false

    initial_velocity = '${u_inlet} 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = ${p_outlet}
    initial_temperature = ${T_inlet}

    inlet_boundaries = 'left'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '${u_inlet} 0'
    energy_inlet_types = 'fixed-temperature'
    energy_inlet_function = '${T_inlet}'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip symmetry'
    energy_wall_types = 'heatflux heatflux'
    energy_wall_function = '0 0'

    outlet_boundaries = 'right'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '${p_outlet}'

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'upwind'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'upwind'
    energy_advection_interpolation = 'upwind'

    external_heat_source = hsrc
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp rho mu k'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${rho} ${mu} ${k}'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu NONZERO'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  end_time = 1000
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 5
[]

# Some basic Postprocessors to examine the solution
[Postprocessors]
  [Qdot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = hsrc
  []

  [mass-flux-weighted-T-out]
    type = MassFluxWeightedFlowRate
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = T_fluid
    density = rho
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    boundary = 'right'
  []

  [mass-flux-weighted-T-interior]
    type = MassFluxWeightedFlowRate
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = T_fluid
    density = rho
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    boundary = 'interior'
  []

  [mdot]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = rho
    rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
    boundary = 'right'
  []

  [outlet-u]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = superficial_vel_x
    boundary = 'right'
  []

  [outlet-temp]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_fluid
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0'
  []
  [v]
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [test]
    type = InterfaceDomainUserObject
    u = u
    v = v
    block = '0'
    robin_boundaries = 'left'
    interface_boundaries = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_penalty = 1e6
    nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [force_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [penalty_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = RobinBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [right]
    type = RobinBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh

  [./cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.45 0.1 0.45'
    ix = '5 1 5'
    dy = '0.45 0.1 0.45'
    iy = '5 1 5'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    1 2 1
                    1 1 1'
  [../]

  [./add_iss_1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'interface'
    input = cartesian
  [../]

  [./block_deleter]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 2
    input = add_iss_1
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./channel_T]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 400
  [../]

  [./channel_Hw]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 1000
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./graphite_diffusion]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    diffusion_coefficient = 'k_s'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  ## boundary conditions for the thm channels in the reflector
  [./channel_heat_transfer]
    type = CoupledConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    htc = channel_Hw
    T_infinity = channel_T
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]

  # hot boundary on the left
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 1000
    boundary = 'left'
  [../]

  # cool boundary on the right
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
    boundary = 'right'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./thermal]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'k_s'
    prop_values = '12'
  [../]

  [./htc_material]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'alpha_wall'
    prop_values = '1000'
  [../]

  [./tfluid_mat]
    type = PiecewiseLinearInterpolationMaterial
    property = tfluid_mat
    variable = channel_T
    x = '400 500'
    y = '400 500'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./Qw1]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid_var = channel_T
    htc_var = channel_Hw
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]

  [./Qw2]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid_var = channel_T
    htc = alpha_wall
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]

  [./Qw3]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_fluid = tfluid_mat
    htc = alpha_wall
    T_solid = temperature
    boundary = interface
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '5 5'
    iy = '5 5'
    subdomain_id = '0 1
                    2 3'
  []
  [add_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    new_boundary = 'middle middle'
    primary_block = '0 2'
    paired_block = '1 3'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u_fe]
    block = '0 2 3'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [u_fv]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = '0 3'
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_fe_diff]
    type = ADDiffusion
    variable = u_fe
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u_fe_left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = u_fe
    value = 0
  []
  [u_fe_middle]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    boundary = middle
    variable = u_fe
    T_infinity_functor = u_fv
    heat_transfer_coefficient_functor = 1.0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface_primary_side]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [lambda]
    type = MooseVariableScalar
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'left'
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 'right'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = FVTwoVarContinuityConstraint
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = 'primary_interface'
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    lambda = 'lambda'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [v_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'left'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
  [block1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'right'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm lu NONZERO'
  automatic_scaling = true
  off_diagonals_in_auto_scaling = true
  scaling_group_variables = 'u v lambda'
  verbose = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    xmax = 5
    ymax = 5
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []

  [middle_block]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '2 0 0'
    top_right = '3 5 0'
  []

  [middle_block_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = middle_block
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 7
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  [kill_top_right]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 'top right'
    rays = 'to_top_right
            centroid_left_to_right
            along_top'
  []
  [kill_bottom_left]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 'left bottom'
    rays = 'reflect_right_and_top
            reflect_right_at_node
            reflect_internal'
  []
  [reflect]
    type = 'ReflectRayBC'
    boundary = 'top right'
    rays = 'reflect_right_and_top
            reflect_right_at_node'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = 'ReflectRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'reflect_internal'
  []
  [kill_internal]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'kill_internal'
  []
  [nothing_internal]
    type = 'NullRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'to_top_right
            centroid_left_to_right
            along_top
            reflect_right_and_top
            reflect_right_at_node'
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  start_points = '0 0 0
                  0.5 2.6 0
                  0 5 0
                  0 0.23 0
                  3 0 0
                  0 2.25 0
                  4.8 0.2 0'
  directions = '1 1 0
                1 0 0
                1 0 0
                1 0.6 0
                1 0.5 0
                1 0.58 0
                -1 0.2 0'
  names = 'to_top_right
           centroid_left_to_right
           along_top
           reflect_right_and_top
           reflect_right_at_node
           reflect_internal
           kill_internal'
  execute_on = initial
  always_cache_traces = true
  use_internal_sidesets = true
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [rays]
    type = RayTracingExodus
    study = study
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
    xmax = 0.3
    ymax = 0.3
    zmax = 0.3
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 0.22 & y < 0.23'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_main]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_main]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '3 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '4 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_main to_main_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

#
# inner_left: 8
# inner_right: 9
# inner_top: 12
# inner_bottom: 11
# inner_front: 10
# back_2: 7
# obstruction: 6
#

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4'
    dy = '0.5 0.75 0.5'
    dz = '1.5 0.5'
    subdomain_id = '
                    3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
                    3 1 2 1 1 2 1 4
                    3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

                    3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
                    3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
                    3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
                    '
  []

  [add_obstruction]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = obstruction
    input = cartesian
  []

  [add_new_back]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    new_sideset_name = back_2
    input = add_obstruction
  []

  [add_inner_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = inner_left
    input = add_new_back
  []

  [add_inner_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = inner_right
    input = add_inner_left
  []

  [add_inner_front]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z - 2) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 1'
    new_sideset_name = inner_front
    input = add_inner_right
  []

  [add_inner_bottom]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = inner_bottom
    input = add_inner_front
  []

  [add_inner_top]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y - 1.75) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = inner_top
    input = add_inner_bottom
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    block = '2 3 4'
    initial_condition = 300
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = '2 3 4'
    diffusion_coefficient = 1
  []

  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = temperature
    value = 1000
    block = '2'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [convective]
    type = CoupledConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = temperature
    T_infinity = 300
    htc = 50
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [cavity]
    boundary = '6 7 8 9 10 11 12'
    emissivity = '1 1 1 1 1 1 1'
    n_patches = '1 1 1 1 1 1 1'
    adiabatic_boundary = '7 10 11 12'
    partitioners = 'metis metis metis metis metis metis metis'
    temperature = temperature
    ray_tracing_face_order = SECOND
    normalize_view_factor = false
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tpv]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temperature
    point = '0.3 0.5 0.5'
  []

  [volume]
    type = VolumePostprocessor
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  type = MeshGeneratorMesh

  [./cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1.3 1.9'
    ix = '3 3 3'
    dy = '2 1.2 0.9'
    iy = '3 3 3'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 0
                    4 5 2
                    0 3 0'
  [../]

  [./inner_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_bottom'
  [../]

  [./inner_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_bottom
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_left'
  [../]

  [./inner_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_left
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_right'
  [../]

  [./inner_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_right
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 5
    new_boundary = 'inner_top'
  [../]

  [./rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '1 2 3 4'
    new_block = '0 0 0 0'
    input = inner_top
  [../]

  [./split_inner_bottom]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 4
    n_patches = 2
    partitioner = centroid
    centroid_partitioner_direction = x
    input = rename
  [../]

  [./split_inner_left]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 5
    n_patches = 2
    partitioner = centroid
    centroid_partitioner_direction = y
    input = split_inner_bottom
  [../]

  [./split_inner_right]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 6
    n_patches = 2
    partitioner = centroid
    centroid_partitioner_direction = y
    input = split_inner_left
  [../]

  [./split_inner_top]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 7
    n_patches = 3
    partitioner = centroid
    centroid_partitioner_direction = x
    input = split_inner_right
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./temperature]
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = 0
    diffusion_coefficient = 5
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./gray_lambert]
    type = ViewFactorObjectSurfaceRadiation
    boundary = 'inner_bottom_0 inner_bottom_1
                inner_left_0 inner_left_1
                inner_right_0 inner_right_1
                inner_top_0 inner_top_1 inner_top_2'
    fixed_temperature_boundary = 'inner_bottom_0 inner_bottom_1'
    fixed_boundary_temperatures = '1200          1200'
    adiabatic_boundary = 'inner_top_0 inner_top_1 inner_top_2'
    emissivity = '0.9 0.9
                  0.8 0.8
                  0.4 0.4
                  1 1 1'
    temperature = temperature
    view_factor_object_name = view_factor
    execute_on = 'LINEAR TIMESTEP_END'
  [../]

  [./view_factor]
    type = UnobstructedPlanarViewFactor
    boundary = 'inner_bottom_0 inner_bottom_1
                inner_left_0 inner_left_1
                inner_right_0 inner_right_1
                inner_top_0 inner_top_1 inner_top_2'
    normalize_view_factor = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = left
    value = 600
  [../]

  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = right
    value = 300
  [../]

  [./radiation]
    type = GrayLambertNeumannBC
    variable = temperature
    surface_radiation_object_name = gray_lambert
    boundary = 'inner_left_0 inner_left_1
                inner_right_0 inner_right_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./average_T_inner_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    boundary = inner_right
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = -1
    xmax = 1
    ymin = -1
    ymax = 1
    nx = 16
    ny = 16
  []
  [left]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'gen'
    block_id = 1
    block_name = 'left'
    bottom_left = '-1 -1 0'
    top_right = '0 1 1'
  []
  [right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'left'
    block_id = 2
    block_name = 'right'
    bottom_left = '0 -1 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
  []
  [moving_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'right'
    new_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
    primary_block = 'left'
    paired_block = 'right'
  []
[]

[MeshModifiers]
  [moving_circle]
    type = CoupledVarThresholdElementSubdomainModifier
    coupled_var = 'phi'
    block = 2
    criterion_type = 'ABOVE'
    threshold = 0.5
    subdomain_id = 1
    moving_boundaries = 'moving_boundary'
    moving_boundary_subdomain_pairs = 'left right'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [phi]
    [AuxKernel]
      type = ParsedAux
      expression = 'exp(-((x+0.5-t)^2+(y)^2)/0.25)'
      use_xyzt = true
      execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
    []
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  steps = 1
  marker = 'marker'
  initial_marker = 'marker'
  max_h_level = 1
  [Indicators]
    [indicator]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = 'phi'
    []
  []
  [Markers]
    [efm]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = 'indicator'
      coarsen = 0.2
      refine = 0.5
    []
    [marker]
      type = BoundaryPreservedMarker
      preserved_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
      marker = 'efm'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

l = 5
inlet_area = 2
velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
advected_interp_method = 'average'

# Artificial fluid properties
# For a real case, use a GeneralFluidFunctorProperties and a viscosity rampdown
# or initialize very well!
k = 1
cp = 1000
mu = 1e2
rho = 1000

# Operating conditions
inlet_temp = 300
outlet_pressure = 1e5
inlet_velocity = 0.001

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '${l} ${l}'
    dy = '${inlet_area}'
    ix = '5 5'
    iy = '2'
    subdomain_id = '1 2'
  []
  [side_set]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gen
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'mid-inlet'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = pressure
    block = 2
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel_x]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = ${inlet_velocity}
    block = 2
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1e-15
    block = 2
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    initial_condition = ${outlet_pressure}
    block = 2
  []
  [T_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    initial_condition = ${inlet_temp}
    block = 2
  []
  [scalar]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = 0.1
    block = 2
  []
  [T_solid]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = ${inlet_temp}
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = 1e4
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  # Mass equation
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  # X component momentum equation
  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_x
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Y component momentum equation
  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_y
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Energy equation
  [temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T_fluid
  []
  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T_fluid
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = FVCoupledForce
    variable = T_fluid
    v = power_density
  []

  # Scalar concentration equation
  [scalar_advection]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldAdvection
    variable = scalar
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  []
  [scalar_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = scalar
    coeff = 1.1
  []
  [scalar_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = scalar
    function = 2.1
  []

  # Solid temperature
  [solid_temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T_solid
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  # Inlet
  [inlet_mass]
    type = WCNSFVMassFluxBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'mid-inlet'
    velocity_pp = 'inlet_velocity'
    area_pp = 'area_pp_left'
    rho = 'rho'
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [inlet_u]
    type = WCNSFVMomentumFluxBC
    variable = vel_x
    boundary = 'mid-inlet'
    mdot_pp = 'inlet_mdot'
    area_pp = 'area_pp_left'
    rho = 'rho'
    momentum_component = 'x'
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [inlet_v]
    type = WCNSFVMomentumFluxBC
    variable = vel_y
    boundary = 'mid-inlet'
    mdot_pp = 0
    area_pp = 'area_pp_left'
    rho = 'rho'
    momentum_component = 'y'
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [inlet_T]
    type = WCNSFVEnergyFluxBC
    variable = T_fluid
    T_fluid = T_fluid
    boundary = 'mid-inlet'
    temperature_pp = 'inlet_T'
    velocity_pp = 'inlet_velocity'
    area_pp = 'area_pp_left'
    rho = 'rho'
    cp = 'cp'
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
  []
  [inlet_scalar]
    type = WCNSFVScalarFluxBC
    variable = scalar
    boundary = 'mid-inlet'
    scalar_value_pp = 'inlet_scalar_value'
    velocity_pp = 'inlet_velocity'
    area_pp = 'area_pp_left'
    rho = 'rho'
    vel_x = vel_x
    vel_y = vel_y
    passive_scalar = scalar
  []

  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'right'
    function = ${outlet_pressure}
  []

  # Walls
  [no_slip_x]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = vel_x
    boundary = 'top bottom'
    function = 0
  []
  [no_slip_y]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = vel_y
    boundary = 'top bottom'
    function = 0
  []
[]

# used for the boundary conditions in this example
[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_mdot]
    type = Receiver
    default = '${fparse 1980 * inlet_velocity * inlet_area}'
  []
  [inlet_velocity]
    type = Receiver
    default = ${inlet_velocity}
  []
  [area_pp_left]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [inlet_T]
    type = Receiver
    default = ${inlet_temp}
  []
  [inlet_scalar_value]
    type = Receiver
    default = 0.2
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [const_functor]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp k rho'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${k} ${rho}'
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T_fluid'
    rho = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 50
  line_search = 'none'

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 80
    xmax = 4
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '2.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '4.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [left_right]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'left_right'
  []
  [right_left]
    input = left_right
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'right_left'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [left_fv]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 1
    block = 0
  []
  [left_fe]
    initial_condition = 1
    block = 0
  []
  [right_fv]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 1
    block = 1
  []
  [right_fe]
    initial_condition = 1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  active = 'bad_left_diff left_coupled bad_right_diff right_coupled'
  [bad_left_diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = left_fv
    coeff = fv_prop
    block = 0
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [good_left_diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = left_fv
    coeff = left_fv_prop
    block = 0
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [left_coupled]
    type = FVCoupledForce
    v = left_fv
    variable = left_fv
    block = 0
  []
  [bad_right_diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = right_fv
    coeff = fv_prop
    block = 1
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [good_right_diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = right_fv
    coeff = right_fv_prop
    block = 1
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [right_coupled]
    type = FVCoupledForce
    v = right_fv
    variable = right_fv
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [left_diff]
    type = ADFunctorMatDiffusion
    variable = left_fe
    diffusivity = fe_prop
  []
  [left_coupled]
    type = CoupledForce
    v = left_fv
    variable = left_fe
  []
  [right_diff]
    type = ADFunctorMatDiffusion
    variable = right_fe
    diffusivity = fe_prop
  []
  [right_coupled]
    type = CoupledForce
    v = right_fv
    variable = right_fe
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = left_fv
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [left_right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = left_fv
    boundary = left_right
    value = 1
  []
  [right_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = right_fv
    boundary = right_left
    value = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = right_fv
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = left_fe
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [left_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = left_fe
    boundary = left_right
    value = 1
  []
  [right_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = right_fe
    boundary = right_left
    value = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = right_fe
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  active = 'fe_mat_left bad_fv_mat_left fe_mat_right bad_fv_mat_right'
  [fe_mat_left]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fe_var = left_fe
    block = 0
  []
  [bad_fv_mat_left]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fv_var = left_fv
    block = 0
  []
  [good_fv_mat_left]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fv_var = left_fv
    fv_prop_name = 'left_fv_prop'
    block = 0
  []
  [fe_mat_right]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fe_var = right_fe
    block = 1
  []
  [bad_fv_mat_right]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fv_var = right_fv
    block = 1
  []
  [good_fv_mat_right]
    type = FEFVCouplingMaterial
    fv_var = right_fv
    fv_prop_name = 'right_fv_prop'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  line_search = 'none'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [left_right]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'left_right'
  []
  [right_left]
    input = left_right
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'right_left'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [left]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    block = 0
  []
  [right]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = left
    coeff = coeff_left
    block = 0
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = right
    coeff = coeff_right
    block = 1
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = left
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [left_right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = left
    boundary = left_right
    value = 1
  []
  [right_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = right
    boundary = right_left
    value = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = right
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [left]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'coeff_left'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'coeff_right'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  line_search = 'none'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = primary0_interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]


[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 4
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 0.1*t
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusionDot
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = TRUE
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 3
  dtmin = 0.1
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]


[UserObjects]
  [./interface_material_uo]
    type = InterfaceUserObjectTestGetMaterialProperty
    property = 'primary_prop'
    property_neighbor = 'secondary_prop'
    property_boundary = 'boundary_prop'
    property_interface = 'interface_prop'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./mat_primary]
    type = LinearNonLinearIterationMaterial
    block = 0
    prefactor = 1
    prop_name = 'primary_prop'
  [../]
  [./mat_secondary]
    type = LinearNonLinearIterationMaterial
    block = 1
    prefactor = 2
    prop_name = 'secondary_prop'
  [../]
  [./mat_boundary]
    type = LinearNonLinearIterationMaterial
    prefactor = 3
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    prop_name = 'boundary_prop'
  [../]
  [./mat_interface]
    type = LinearNonLinearIterationInterfaceMaterial
    prefactor = 4
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    prop_name = 'interface_prop'
  [../]
[]

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
  []
  [split]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = mesh
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = split
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'interface0'
  []
  uniform_refine = 4
[]

[Variables]
  # Defining a DFEM variable to handle gap discontinuity
  [T]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  # Auxvariable containing bulk temperature of gap
  [Tbulk]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 300 # K
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T
    diffusivity = conductivity
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T
    value = 1.0
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  # DG kernel to represent diffusion accross element faces
  [./dg_diff]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = T
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    diff = conductivity
    # Ignoring gap side set because no diffusion accross there
    exclude_boundary = 'interface0'
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  active = 'gap'
  # Heat transfer kernel using Tbulk as material
  [gap]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T
    neighbor_var = T
    boundary = 'interface0'
  []
  # Heat transfer kernel using Tbulk as auxvariable
  [gap_var]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T
    neighbor_var = T
    boundary = 'interface0'
    Tbulk_var = Tbulk
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [bc_func]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 300
  []
  [exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '
            A := if(x < 1, -0.5, -0.25);
            B := if(x < 1, -0.293209850655001, 0.0545267662299068);
            C := if(x < 1, 300.206790149345, 300.19547323377);
            d := -1;
            A * (x+d) * (x+d) + B * (x+d) + C'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_left]
    type = DGFunctionDiffusionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = T
    diff = 'conductivity'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    function = bc_func
  []
  [bc_right]
    type = DGFunctionDiffusionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = T
    diff = 'conductivity'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    function = bc_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [k0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 1.0
    block = 0
  []
  [k1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 2.0
    block = 1
  []
  [gap_mat]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferMaterial
    boundary = 'interface0'
    conductivity = 1.5
    gap_length = 1.0
    h_primary = 1
    h_neighbor = 1
    Tbulk = 300
    emissivity_primary = 1
    emissivity_neighbor = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [error]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = T
    function = exact
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 2 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]

  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  [../]

[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = 1
  [../]
[]


[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusivity = 'diffusivity'
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 'diffusivity'
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [u_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    value = 1
  []
  [v_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 0
    initial_diffusivity = 1
    # outputs = all
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 1
    initial_diffusivity = 2
    # outputs = all
  [../]
  [./interface_material_avg]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = average
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_primary_minus_secondary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_secondary_minus_primary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_jump_abs]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = jump_abs
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_primary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = primary
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
  [./interface_material_secondary]
      type = InterfaceValueMaterial
      mat_prop_primary = diffusivity
      mat_prop_secondary = diffusivity
      var_primary = diffusivity_var
      var_secondary = diffusivity_var
      mat_prop_out_basename = diff
      mat_prop_var_out_basename = diff_var
      boundary = interface
      interface_value_type = secondary
      nl_var_primary = u
      nl_var_secondary = v
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./interface_material_avg]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_average
    variable = diffusivity_average
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_primary_minus_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_jump_primary_minus_secondary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_secondary_minus_primary
    variable = diffusivity_jump_secondary_minus_primary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_jump_abs]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_jump_abs
    variable = diffusivity_jump_abs
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_primary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_primary
    variable = diffusivity_primary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [./interface_material_secondary]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diff_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_secondary
    boundary = interface
  []
  [diffusivity_var]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_var
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [diffusivity_var]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_average]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_primary_minus_secondary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_secondary_minus_primary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_jump_abs]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_primary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_secondary]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '2 2'
    iy = '2'
    subdomain_id = '1 2'
  []
  [feg]
    type = FancyExtruderGenerator
    input = cmg
    direction = '0 0 1'
    heights = 1
    num_layers = 1
  []
  [sbsg]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = feg
    new_boundary = 'interface'
    paired_block = 2
    primary_block = 1
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    xmax = 1
    ymax = 1
    extra_element_integers = foo_id
  []

  [id0]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    block_id = 0
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [id1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id0
    bottom_left = '0.4 0.4 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '0.9 0.9 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [id2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id1
    bottom_left = '0.1 0.1 0'
    block_id = 2
    top_right = '0.6 0.6 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [subdomain]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id2
    bottom_left = '0 0.5 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  []

  [side0to1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = side0to1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [elem_counter]
    type = SideElementCounterWithID
    boundary = side0to1
    id_name = foo_id
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

[Mesh]
  [twoquad]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 3
    ny = 4
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = twoquad
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
  []
  [sideset1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = bar
  []
  [lowerblock1]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = sideset1
    sidesets = bar
    new_block_id = 2
  []
  [sideset2]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = lowerblock1
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = baz
  []
  [delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = sideset2
    block = 0
  []
  [lowerblock2]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = delete
    sidesets = baz
    new_block_id = 3
  []
[]


[Variables]
  [./u]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  [../]
  [./diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '5 5 5 10 5'
    ix = '5 5 5 10 5'
    dy = '5 10 5 5 5'
    iy = '5 10 5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '2 3 2 2 2
                    2 1 2 2 2
                    2 1 2 2 2
                    2 1 1 1 4
                    2 2 2 2 2'
  []

  [attached_to_fluid_block_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 3
    input = gen
    new_boundary = attached_to_fluid_block_inlet
  []

  [attached_to_fluid_block_outlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 4
    input = attached_to_fluid_block_inlet
    new_boundary = attached_to_fluid_block_outlet
  []

  [attached_to_fluid_block_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = attached_to_fluid_block_outlet
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = attached_to_fluid_block_walls
  []

  [attached_to_non_fluid_block_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    input = attached_to_fluid_block_walls
    new_boundary = attached_to_non_fluid_block_inlet
  []

  [attached_to_non_fluid_block_outlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    input = attached_to_non_fluid_block_inlet
    new_boundary = attached_to_non_fluid_block_outlet
  []

  [attached_to_non_fluid_block_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = attached_to_non_fluid_block_outlet
    primary_block = '2'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = attached_to_non_fluid_block_walls
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  material_coverage_check = false
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    block = 1
    compressibility = 'incompressible'

    pressure_face_interpolation = average
    momentum_advection_interpolation = upwind
    mass_advection_interpolation = upwind

    # fluid properties
    density = '1'
    dynamic_viscosity = '1e-2'

    # initial conditions
    initial_velocity = '0 0 0'
    initial_pressure = 0

    # boundary conditions
    inlet_boundaries = 'attached_to_non_fluid_block_inlet'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '0 0.1'

    outlet_boundaries = 'attached_to_non_fluid_block_outlet'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '0'

    wall_boundaries = 'attached_to_non_fluid_block_walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'slip'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [outlet_mfr]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'vel_x'
    vel_y = 'vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 1
    boundary = attached_to_fluid_block_outlet
    rhie_chow_user_object = ins_rhie_chow_interpolator
  []

  [inlet_mfr]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    vel_x = 'vel_x'
    vel_y = 'vel_y'
    advected_quantity = 1
    boundary = attached_to_fluid_block_inlet
    rhie_chow_user_object = ins_rhie_chow_interpolator
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options = '-pc_svd_monitor'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'svd'
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.1
    growth_factor = 1.1
    cutback_factor = 0.9
    optimal_iterations = 6
    iteration_window = 2
  []
  nl_max_its = 10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  # Steady state detection.
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-10
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
    xmax = 5
    ymax = 5
    zmax = 5
    elem_type = HEX8
  []

  [middle_block]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '2 0 0'
    top_right = '3 5 5'
  []

  [middle_block_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = middle_block
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 7
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  [kill]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 'top right front left'
    rays = 'to_top_right
            along_edge
            within'
  []
  [kill_left]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 'left'
    rays = 'reflect_three_times
            reflect_at_nodes
            reflect_internal'
  []
  [reflect]
    type = 'ReflectRayBC'
    boundary = 'back right top'
    rays = 'reflect_three_times
            reflect_at_nodes'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = 'ReflectRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'reflect_internal'
  []
  [kill_internal]
    type = 'KillRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'kill_internal'
  []
  [nothing_internal]
    type = 'NullRayBC'
    boundary = 7
    rays = 'to_top_right
            reflect_three_times
            reflect_at_nodes'
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  start_points = '0 0 0
                  0 5 0
                  0.6 0.6 0
                  0 1.2 0.8
                  3 0 1
                  0 1.3 2.5
                  5 0 2'
  directions = '1 1 1
                0 0 1
                0 0 1
                1 0.6 -0.4
                2 2 1
                0.8 0.5 0.4
                -1 1 1'
  names = 'to_top_right
           along_edge
           within
           reflect_three_times
           reflect_at_nodes
           reflect_internal
           kill_internal'
  execute_on = initial
  always_cache_traces = true
  use_internal_sidesets = true
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  [rays]
    type = RayTracingExodus
    study = study
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

#################################################################
#
#  NOTE:
#  The mesh for this model is too large for the MOOSE repository
#  so is kept in the the large_media submodule
#
#################################################################
#
# Strata deformation and fluid flow aaround a coal mine - 3D model
#
# A "half model" is used.  The mine is 400m deep and
# just the roof is studied (-400<=z<=0).  The mining panel
# sits between 0<=x<=150, and 0<=y<=1000, so this simulates
# a coal panel that is 300m wide and 1000m long.  The outer boundaries
# are 1km from the excavation boundaries.
#
# The excavation takes 0.5 years.
#
# The boundary conditions for this simulation are:
#  - disp_x = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - disp_z = 0 at z=-400, but there is a time-dependent
#               Young modulus that simulates excavation
#  - wc_x = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - wc_y = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - no flow at x=0, z=-400 and z=0
#  - fixed porepressure at y=-1000, y=1000 and x=1150
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top,
# and prescribed at bottom in the unexcavated portion.
#
# A single-phase unsaturated fluid is used.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa, and time units are measured in years.
#
# The initial porepressure is hydrostatic with P=0 at z=0, so
# Porepressure ~ - 0.01*z MPa, where the fluid has density 1E3 kg/m^3 and
# gravity = = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.
# To be more accurate, i use
# Porepressure = -bulk * log(1 + g*rho0*z/bulk)
# where bulk=2E3 MPa and rho0=1Ee kg/m^3.
# The initial stress is consistent with the weight force from undrained
# density 2500 kg/m^3, and fluid porepressure, and a Biot coefficient of 0.7, ie,
# stress_zz^effective = 0.025*z + 0.7 * initial_porepressure
# The maximum and minimum principal horizontal effective stresses are
# assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 2 MPa
# MC friction angle = 35 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa
# WeakPlane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane friction angle = 30 deg
# WeakPlane dilation angle = 10 deg
# WeakPlane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane compressive strength = 100 MPa softening to 1 MPa at strain = 1
# Fluid density at zero porepressure = 1E3 kg/m^3
# Fluid bulk modulus = 2E3 MPa
# Fluid viscosity = 1.1E-3 Pa.s = 1.1E-9 MPa.s = 3.5E-17 MPa.year
#
[GlobalParams]
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Mesh]
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = fine.e
  []
  [xmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = xmin
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = file
  []
  [xmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = xmax
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = xmin
  []
  [ymin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = ymin
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = xmax
  []
  [ymax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = ymax
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = ymin
  []
  [zmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 30
    new_boundary = zmax
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = ymax
  []
  [zmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 2
    new_boundary = zmin
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = zmax
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = zmin
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -400'
    top_right = '150 1000 -397'
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
    new_boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [wc_x]
  []
  [wc_y]
  []
  [porepressure]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = ini_pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [cx_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  []
  [y_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 1
    base_name = couple
  []
  [x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  []
  [y_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    component = 1
  []
  [gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6 # remember this is in MPa
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    use_displaced_mesh = false
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [saturation]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wc_z]
  []
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [darcy_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_x
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = x
  []
  [darcy_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_y
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = y
  []
  [darcy_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_z
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = z
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_xx]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_xx
    row = 0
    column = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_yy]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_yy
    row = 1
    column = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_zz]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_zz
    row = 2
    column = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]



[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = zmin
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_y
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [fix_porepressure]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'ymin ymax xmax'
    function = ini_pp
  []
  [roof_porepressure]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    pt_vals = '-1E3 1E3'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = roof_conductance
    boundary = roof
  []
  [roof]
    type = StickyBC
    variable = disp_z
    min_value = -3.0
    boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ini_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3'
    expression = '-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)'
  []
  [ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    expression = '0.8*(2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)))'
  []
  [ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    symbol_values = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    expression = '2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk))'
  []
  [excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval slope'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E-9 1 10'
    # excavation face at ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)
    # slope is the distance over which the modulus reduces from maxval to minval
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)+slope,minval+(maxval-minval)*(y-(ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)))/slope,maxval))'
  []
  [density_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 0 2500'
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,maxval)'
  []
  [roof_conductance]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax   maxval minval'
    symbol_values = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E7      0'
    expression = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),maxval,minval)'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1 # MPa^-1
  []

  [mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 2.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.61 # 35deg
  []
  [mc_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  []

  [mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_compressive_str]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  []

  [wp_coh_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_tan_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.26 # 15deg
  []
  [wp_tan_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  []

  [wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1
    internal_limit = 1.0
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [simple_fluid]
    type = SimpleFluidProperties
    bulk_modulus = 2E3
    density0 = 1000
    thermal_expansion = 0
    viscosity = 3.5E-17
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity_for_aux]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    at_nodes = false
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    block = 1
    porosity = 1.0
  []
  [permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 1E-15
    phi0 = 0.02
    n = 2
    m = 2
  []
  [permeability_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 1
    permeability = '0 0 0   0 0 0   0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.4
    sum_s_res = 0.4
    phase = 0
  []

  [elasticity_tensor_0]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
  []
  [elasticity_tensor_1]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    block = 1
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
    elasticity_tensor_prefactor = excav_sideways
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
  []

  [stress_0]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    inelastic_models = 'mc wp'
    cycle_models = true
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [stress_1]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 1
    inelastic_models = ''
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  []
  [wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.05
    smoothing_tol = 0.05 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  []


  [undrained_density_0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  []
  [undrained_density_1]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = density_sideways
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min_roof_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_roof_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [min_surface_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_surface_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [max_perm_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    variable = perm_zz
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'

  # best overall
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'

  # best if you don't have mumps:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  # very basic:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' bjacobi  gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 30

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.0025
  end_time = 0.5
[]

[Outputs]
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  console = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 50
    ny = 50
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 50
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 50
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./left_side]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '24.9 50 0'
  [../]
  [./right_side]
    input = left_side
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '25.1 0 0'
    top_right = '50 50 0'
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = right_side
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./c]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./unique_regions]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  [../]
[]

[ICs]
  [./c]
    type = SpecifiedSmoothCircleIC
    variable = c
    invalue = 1.0
    outvalue = 0.0
    radii =       '4    5  10'
    x_positions = '25   25 25'
    y_positions = '37.5 25 0'
    z_positions = '0    0  0'
    int_width = 2.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./flood_count]
    type = FeatureFloodCount
    variable = c

    # Must be turned on to build data structures necessary for FeatureVolumeVPP
    compute_var_to_feature_map = true
    threshold = 0.5
    execute_on = INITIAL
  [../]
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [./features]
    type = FeatureVolumeVectorPostprocessor
    flood_counter = flood_count

    # Turn on centroid output
    output_centroids = true
    execute_on = INITIAL
    boundary = 10
    single_feature_per_element = true
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = c
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./unique_regions]
    type = FeatureFloodCountAux
    variable = unique_regions
    flood_counter = flood_count
    field_display = UNIQUE_REGION
  [../]
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = INITIAL
[]

#
# Test a gradient continuity interfacekernel
#

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 20
    ny = 10
    ymax = 0.5
  []
  [./box1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.51 1 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./box2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.49 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    input = box1
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = box2
  [../]
  [./iface_v]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 11
    input = iface_u
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = 2
    initial_condition = 0.8
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./u_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v
    block = 2
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./iface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionFluxMatch
    variable = u
    boundary = 10
    neighbor_var = v
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u_boundary_term]
    type = DiffusionFluxBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 10
  [../]
  [./v_boundary_term]
    type = DiffusionFluxBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 11
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.002
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

[Mesh]
  # Build 2-by-2 mesh
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []

  # Create blocs 0, 1, 2, 3
  [block_1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = mesh
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
  []
  [block_2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = block_1
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0 1 0'
    top_right = '1 2 0'
  []
  [block_3]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = block_2
    block_id = 3
    bottom_left = '1 1 0'
    top_right = '2 2 0'
  []

  # Create inner sidesets
  [interface_01]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = block_3
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interface_01'
  []
  [interface_13]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface_01
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'interface_13'
  []
  [interface_32]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface_13
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'interface_32'
  []
  [interface_20]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface_32
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'interface_20'
  []

  # Create outer boundaries
  [boundary_left_0]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = interface_20
    block = 0
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    new_boundary = 'left_0'
  []
  [boundary_bot_0]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_left_0
    block = 0
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_boundary = 'bot_0'
  []
  [boundary_bot_1]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_bot_0
    block = 1
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_boundary = 'bot_1'
  []
  [boundary_right_1]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_bot_1
    block = 1
    normal = '1 0 0'
    new_boundary = 'right_1'
  []
  [boundary_right_3]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_right_1
    block = 3
    normal = '1 0 0'
    new_boundary = 'right_3'
  []
  [boundary_top_3]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_right_3
    block = 3
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_boundary = 'top_3'
  []
  [boundary_top_2]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_top_3
    block = 2
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_boundary = 'top_2'
  []
  [boundary_left_2]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    input = boundary_top_2
    block = 2
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    new_boundary = 'left_2'
  []
  uniform_refine = 4
[]

[Variables]
  # Need to have variable for each block to allow discontinuity
  [T0]
    block = 0
  []
  [T1]
    block = 1
  []
  [T2]
    block = 2
  []
  [T3]
    block = 3
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  # Diffusion kernel for each block's variable
  [diff_0]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T0
    diffusivity = conductivity
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_1]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T1
    diffusivity = conductivity
    block = 1
  []
  [diff_2]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T2
    diffusivity = conductivity
    block = 2
  []
  [diff_3]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T3
    diffusivity = conductivity
    block = 3
  []

  # Source for two of the blocks
  [source_0]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T0
    value = 5e5
    block = '0'
  []
  [source_3]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T3
    value = 5e5
    block = '3'
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  # Side set kernel to represent heat transfer across blocks
  # Automatically uses the materials defined in SideSetHeatTransferMaterial
  [gap_01]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    # This variable defined on a given block must match the primary_block given when the side set was generated
    variable = T0
    # This variable defined on a given block must match the paired_block given when the side set was generated
    neighbor_var = T1
    boundary = 'interface_01'
  []
  [gap_13]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T1
    neighbor_var = T3
    boundary = 'interface_13'
  []
  [gap_32]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T3
    neighbor_var = T2
    boundary = 'interface_32'
  []
  [gap_20]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T2
    neighbor_var = T0
    boundary = 'interface_20'
  []
[]

# Creating auxiliary variable to combine block restricted solutions
# Ignores discontinuity though
[AuxVariables]
  [T]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [temp_0]
    type = NormalizationAux
    variable = T
    source_variable = T0
    block = 0
  []
  [temp_1]
    type = NormalizationAux
    variable = T
    source_variable = T1
    block = 1
  []
  [temp_2]
    type = NormalizationAux
    variable = T
    source_variable = T2
    block = 2
  []
  [temp_3]
    type = NormalizationAux
    variable = T
    source_variable = T3
    block = 3
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # Boundary condition for each block's outer surface
  [bc_left_2]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left_2'
    variable = T2
    value = 300.0
  []
  [bc_left_0]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left_0'
    variable = T0
    value = 300.0
  []

  [bc_bot_0]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'bot_0'
    variable = T0
    value = 300.0
  []
  [bc_bot_1]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'bot_1'
    variable = T1
    value = 300.0
  []

  [./bc_top_2]
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = T2
    boundary = 'top_2'
    coefficient = 1e3 # W/K/m^2
    T_infinity = 600.0
  [../]
  [./bc_top_3]
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = T3
    boundary = 'top_3'
    coefficient = 1e3 # W/K/m^2
    T_infinity = 600.0
  [../]

  [./bc_right_3]
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = T3
    boundary = 'right_3'
    coefficient = 1e3 # W/K/m^2
    T_infinity = 600.0
  [../]
  [./bc_right_1]
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = T1
    boundary = 'right_1'
    coefficient = 1e3 # W/K/m^2
    T_infinity = 600.0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [fuel]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 75
    block = '0 3'
  []
  [mod]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 7.5
    block = '1 2'
  []
  # Interface material used for SideSetHeatTransferKernel
  # Heat transfer meachnisms ignored if certain properties are not supplied
  [gap_mat]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferMaterial
    boundary = 'interface_01 interface_13 interface_32 interface_20'
    conductivity = 0.41
    gap_length = 0.002
    Tbulk = 750
    h_primary = 3000
    h_neighbor = 3000
    emissivity_primary = 0.85
    emissivity_neighbor = 0.85
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  l_tol = 1e-8
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist                  50'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = nonplanar.e
  []
  [subdomains]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = file
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 0.5'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomains
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  start_points = '0 0 0'
  directions = '1 1 1'
  names = 'ray'
  warn_non_planar = false
  use_internal_sidesets = true
  execute_on = initial
  tolerate_failure = true
[]

[RayBCs]
  [kill]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'top right bottom left front back'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = ReflectRayBC
    boundary = internal
  []
[]

[RayKernels/null]
  type = NullRayKernel
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

mu = 1
rho = 1
k = .01
cp = 1
velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
advected_interp_method = 'average'

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.5'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '8 5'
    iy = '8'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
  [secondary_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'interface'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'secondary_interface'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  # retain behavior at time of test creation
  two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    block = 0
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [T]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [Ts]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 1
  []
  [lambda]
    family = SCALAR
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [T]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = T
    value = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
  [mean_zero_pressure]
    type = FVIntegralValueConstraint
    variable = pressure
    lambda = lambda
    block = 0
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    block = 0
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 0
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    block = 0
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 0
  []

  [temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T
    block = 0
  []
  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    block = 0
  []

  [solid_temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = Ts
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [convection]
    type = FVConvectionCorrelationInterface
    variable1 = T
    variable2 = Ts
    boundary = 'interface'
    h = 5
    T_solid = Ts
    T_fluid = T
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
    bulk_distance = 0.3
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [top_x]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'top'
    function = 'lid_function'
  []

  [no_slip_x]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left interface bottom'
    function = 0
  []

  [no_slip_y]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left interface top bottom'
    function = 0
  []

  [T_hot]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T
    boundary = 'bottom'
    value = 1
  []

  [T_cold]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = Ts
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp k'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${k}'
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [lid_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*x*(1-x)'
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      lu           NONZERO                   200'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_max_its = 200
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1.3 1.9'
    ix = '3 3 3'
    dy = '6'
    iy = '9'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 2'
  []

  [inner_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'inner_left'
  []

  [inner_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = inner_left
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'inner_right'
  []

  [inner_top]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y - 6) < 1e-10'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    included_subdomains = 1
    new_sideset_name = 'inner_top'
    input = 'inner_right'
  []

  [inner_bottom]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(y) < 1e-10'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    included_subdomains = 1
    new_sideset_name = 'inner_bottom'
    input = 'inner_top'
  []

  [rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '2'
    new_block = '0'
    input = inner_bottom
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    block = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = 0
    diffusion_coefficient = 5
  []
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [cavity]
    boundary = '4 5 6 7'
    emissivity = '0.9 0.8 0.4 1'
    n_patches = '2 2 2 3'
    partitioners = 'centroid centroid centroid centroid'
    centroid_partitioner_directions = 'x y y x'
    temperature = temperature
    adiabatic_boundary = '7'
    fixed_temperature_boundary = '6'
    fixed_boundary_temperatures = '800'
    view_factor_calculator = ray_tracing
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = left
    value = 1000
  []

  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = right
    value = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [average_T_inner_right]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    boundary = inner_right
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '2 2 2'
    dy = '2 2 2'
    ix = '2 2 2'
    iy = '2 2 2'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 0
                    2 5 3
                    0 4 0'
  []

  [interior_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 5
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interior_bottom'
  []
  [interior_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_bottom
    primary_block = 5
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'interior_left'
  []
  [interior_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_left
    primary_block = 5
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'interior_right'
  []
  [interior_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interior_right
    primary_block = 5
    paired_block = 4
    new_boundary = 'interior_top'
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  active = 'kill_internal'
  # active = 'kill_external reflect_internal'

  # for testing internal kill
  [kill_internal]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'interior_top interior_right interior_bottom interior_left'
  []

  # for testing internal reflect
  [kill_external]
    type = KillRayBC
    boundary = 'top right bottom left'
  []
  [reflect_internal]
    type = ReflectRayBC
    boundary = 'interior_top interior_right interior_bottom interior_left'
  []
[]

[UserObjects/study]
  type = RepeatableRayStudy
  start_points = '0 0 0
                  2 4 0
                  6 6 0
                  0 2.5 0
                  3 6 0
                  2.5 2.5 0'
  directions = '1 1 0
                1 -1 0
                -1 -1 0
                1 0.1 0
                0 -1 0
                0.5 1.5 0'
  names = 'to_bottom_left_corner
           at_top_left_corner
           to_top_right_corner
           to_left_offset
           to_top_center_node
           inside_to_top'
  ray_distance = 10
  execute_on = initial
  ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  use_internal_sidesets = true
[]

[Postprocessors/total_distance]
  type = RayTracingStudyResult
  study = study
  result = total_distance
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.2

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = '${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_outer_radius = '${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_width = '${fparse rpv_outer_radius - rpv_inner_radius}'

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_core_gap_size} ${rpv_width}'
    ix = '400 1 100'
    dy = 1
    iy = '5'
  []
  [set_block_id1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '${core_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id1
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [set_block_id3]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    bottom_left = '${rpv_inner_radius} 0 0'
    top_right = '${rpv_outer_radius} 1 0'
    block_id = 3
    location = INSIDE
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = set_block_id3
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  # comment out for test without gap
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 0
  []
  [secondary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'rpv_inner'
    new_block_id = 10001
    new_block_name = 'secondary_lower'
    input = 2d_mesh
  []
  [primary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'core_outer'
    new_block_id = 10000
    new_block_name = 'primary_lower'
    input = secondary
  []
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
    [lm]
      order = FIRST
      family = LAGRANGE
      block = 'secondary_lower'
    []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [radiation]
    type = GapFluxModelRadiation
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    primary_emissivity = 0.8
    secondary_emissivity = 0.8
  []
  [conduction]
    type = GapFluxModelConduction
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Constraints]
  [ced]
    type = ModularGapConductanceConstraint
    variable = lm
    secondary_variable = Tsolid
    primary_boundary = 'core_outer'
    primary_subdomain = 10000
    secondary_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    secondary_subdomain = 10001
    gap_flux_models = 'radiation conduction'
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'right' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
  [flux_from_core] # converges to ptot as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = core_outer
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []
  [flux_into_rpv] # converges to rpv_convective_out as the mesh is refined
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = rpv_inner
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [NodalTemperature]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    boundary = 'rpv_inner core_outer'
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -pc_svd_monitor'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -mat_mffd_err -pc_factor_shift_type '
                        '-pc_factor_shift_amount'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist                  1e-5          NONZERO               '
                        '1e-15'
  snesmf_reuse_base = false
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100

  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Problem]
  boundary_restricted_elem_integrity_check = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [dummy][]
  [dummy2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 1
  []
  [dummy3]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  active = 'bad'
  [bad]
    type = ProjectionAux
    variable = dummy
    v = v
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [bad_elemental]
    type = ProjectionAux
    variable = dummy3
    v = dummy2
    boundary = 'left'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0'
  []
  [v]
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  active = 'interface'
  [interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 'D'
    D_neighbor = 'D'
  []
  [penalty_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  active = 'left right middle'
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [bad]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    v = v
  []
  [bad_integrated]
    type = CoupledVarNeumannBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    v = v
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
  [middle]
    type = MatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [stateful]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    initial_diffusivity = 1
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
  [block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  active = ''
  [bad]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
  []
  [bad_side]
    type = SideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 1
    boundary = 'left'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.1 1 0.1'
    dy = '0.1 0.5 0.1'
    ix = '1 2 1'
    iy = '1 1 1'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1'
  []
  [transform]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = cmg
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '-0.1 -0.1 0.0'
  []
  [create_sides]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = transform
    new_boundary = sides
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
  []
  [create_outlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = create_sides
    new_boundary = outlet
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
[]

[Problem]
  linear_sys_names = 'u_sys'
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseLinearVariableFVReal
    solver_sys = 'u_sys'
    initial_condition = 1.0
    block = 2
  []
[]

[LinearFVKernels]
  [diffusion]
    type = LinearFVDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusion_coeff = diff_coeff_func
    use_nonorthogonal_correction = false
  []
  [advection]
    type = LinearFVAdvection
    variable = u
    velocity = "0.5 0 0"
    advected_interp_method = average
  []
  [reaction]
    type = LinearFVReaction
    variable = u
    coeff = coeff_func
  []
  [source]
    type = LinearFVSource
    variable = u
    source_density = source_func
  []
[]

[LinearFVBCs]
  inactive = "outflow"
  [dir]
    type = LinearFVAdvectionDiffusionFunctorDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = "sides outlet"
    functor = analytic_solution
  []
  [outflow]
    type = LinearFVAdvectionDiffusionOutflowBC
    variable = u
    boundary = "right"
    use_two_term_expansion = true
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [diff_coeff_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.0+0.5*x*y'
  []
  [coeff_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.0+1.0/(1+x*y)'
  []
  [source_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-1.0*x*pi*sin((1/2)*x*pi)*cos(2*y*pi) - 0.25*y*pi*sin(2*y*pi)*cos((1/2)*x*pi) + (1.0 + 1.0/(x*y + 1))*(sin((1/2)*x*pi)*sin(2*y*pi) + 1.5) + (17/4)*pi^2*(0.5*x*y + 1.0)*sin((1/2)*x*pi)*sin(2*y*pi) + 0.25*pi*sin(2*y*pi)*cos((1/2)*x*pi)'
  []
  [analytic_solution]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'sin((1/2)*x*pi)*sin(2*y*pi) + 1.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [h]
    type = AverageElementSize
    execute_on = FINAL
    block = 2
  []
  [error]
    type = ElementL2FunctorError
    approximate = u
    exact = analytic_solution
    execute_on = FINAL
    block = 2
  []
[]

[Convergence]
  [linear]
    type = IterationCountConvergence
    max_iterations = 1
    converge_at_max_iterations = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  system_names = u_sys
  l_abs_tol = 1e-10
  multi_system_fixed_point=true
  multi_system_fixed_point_convergence=linear
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = FINAL
  []
[]

mu=1
rho=1
advected_interp_method='average'
velocity_interp_method='rc'

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  inactive = 'mesh internal_boundary_bot internal_boundary_top'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1'
    dy = '1 1 1'
    ix = '5'
    iy = '5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '1
                    2
                    3'
  []
  [internal_boundary_bot]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
  []
  [internal_boundary_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_bot
    new_boundary = 'internal_top'
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
  [diverging_mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'expansion_quad.e'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
  []
  [temperature]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [advected_density]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = ${rho}
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    mu = ${mu}
    force_boundary_execution = true
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    mu = ${mu}
    force_boundary_execution = true
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = temperature
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [temp_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = temperature
    function = 10
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  inactive = 'noslip-u noslip-v'
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = v
    function = 1
  []
  [noslip-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [noslip-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [free-slip-u]
    type = INSFVNaturalFreeSlipBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [free-slip-v]
    type = INSFVNaturalFreeSlipBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [axis-u]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = x
  []
  [axis-v]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = y
  []
  [axis-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'top'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_temp]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'temperature'
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [advected_material_property]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'advected_rho cp'
    prop_values ='${rho} 1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_gmres_restart -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      200                lu           NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_mass_variable]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = advected_density
  []
  [inlet_mass_constant]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [inlet_mass_matprop]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'advected_rho'
  []
  [mid1_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mid2_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [outlet_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []

  [inlet_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = u
  []

  [inlet_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = v
  []

  [mid1_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [mid2_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [outlet_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = primary0_interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 4
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 0.1*t
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./primary0_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusionDot
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = TRUE
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 3
  dtmin = 0.1
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  [./out]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./interface_value_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpMaterialPropertyRealUO
    property = diffusivity
    property_neighbor = diffusivity
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
  [../]
  [./interface_value_rate_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpMaterialPropertyRealUO
    property = diffusivity
    property_neighbor = diffusivity
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
    value_type = rate
  [../]
  [./interface_value_increment_uo]
    type = InterfaceQpMaterialPropertyRealUO
    property = diffusivity
    property_neighbor = diffusivity
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
    interface_value_type = average
    value_type = increment
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 0
    initial_diffusivity = 5
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    block = 1
    initial_diffusivity = 2
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./interface_avg_value_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_value_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
  [./interface_avg_value_rate_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_rate
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_value_rate_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
  [./interface_avg_value_increment_aux]
    type = InterfaceValueUserObjectAux
    variable = avg_increment
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    interface_uo_name = interface_value_increment_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL LINEAR NONLINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./avg]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./avg_rate]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./avg_increment]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

# This test is documented as an example for ConstrainedShapeOptimization. This
# test should not be changed without updating the documentation.

inner_radius = 6
outer_radius = 10
volume_constraint = 200

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
[]

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    has_outer_square = no
    num_sectors = 16
    radii = '${inner_radius} ${outer_radius}'
    rings = '16 16'
    preserve_volumes = false
  []
  [inner_radius]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = inner
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
  []

  [delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = inner_radius
    block = 1
  []
  [gather_all]
    type = BoundingBoxNodeSetGenerator
    input = delete
    bottom_left = '-100 -100 -100'
    top_right = '100 100 100'
    new_boundary = total
  []
  [combine]
    type = SideSetsFromBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gather_all
    bottom_left = '-100 -100 -100'
    top_right = '100 100 100'
    boundaries_old = 'inner outer'
    boundary_new = moving
  []

[]
[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [T]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [dist_between]
    [AuxKernel]
      type = NearestNodeDistanceAux
      variable = dist_between
      paired_boundary = moving
      boundary = total
      block = 2
      use_displaced_mesh = false
      execute_on = "INITIAL"
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = disp_x
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    diffusivity = diff_coef
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = disp_y
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    diffusivity = diff_coef
  []
  # run physics of interest on deformed mesh
  [Diffusion]
    type = FunctionDiffusion
    variable = T
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  []
  [Source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T
    value = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  []
[]

[Materials]
  # perserve elements near the boundary
  [diff_coef]
    type = ParsedMaterial
    coupled_variables = 'dist_between'
    expression = '1/(dist_between+0.5)'
    property_name = 'diff_coef'
  []
  [h]
    type = ADGenericFunctionMaterial
    prop_names = h
    prop_values = h
  []
  # convection type boundary condition
  [convection_bc]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    coupled_variables = "T"
    expression = "h*(100-T)"
    material_property_names = "h"
    property_name = convection
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [r1_x]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    expression = 'r1 * cos((atan(y/x)))'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [r1_y]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    expression = 'r1 * sin((atan(y/x)))'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [r0_x]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    expression = 'r0 * cos((atan(y/x)))'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [r0_y]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    expression = 'r0 * sin((atan(y/x)))'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [h]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    # r0+${inner_radius} is the true current inner radius
    expression = '10 /(pi * (r0+${inner_radius})^3)'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [eq_grad_r0]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    expression = '-2 * pi * (r0 + ${inner_radius})'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
  [eq_grad_r1]
    type = ParsedOptimizationFunction
    # r1+${outer_radius} is the true current outer radius
    expression = '2 * pi * (r1+${outer_radius})'
    param_symbol_names = 'r0 r1'
    param_vector_name = 'params/radii'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [diffuse_r1_x]
    type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'outer'
    function = r1_x
    preset = false
  []
  [diffuse_r1_y]
    type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'outer'
    function = r1_y
    preset = false
  []
  [diffuse_r0_x]
    type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'inner'
    function = r0_x
    preset = false
  []
  [diffuse_r0_y]
    type = ADFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'inner'
    function = r0_y
    preset = false
  []
  # run physics on deformed mesh
  [convection]
    type = ADMatNeumannBC
    variable = T
    boundary = inner
    boundary_material = convection
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Reporters]
  [params]
    type = ConstantReporter
    real_vector_names = 'radii'
    real_vector_values = '0 0'
    dof_id_type_vector_names = 'num_params'
    dof_id_type_vector_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [current_volume]
    type = VolumePostprocessor
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  []
  # objective function
  [objective]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    variable = T
  []
  [eq_constraint]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = current_volume
    expression = 'current_volume - ${volume_constraint}'
  []
  [func_r0]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = eq_grad_r0
  []
  [func_r1]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = eq_grad_r1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  # convert "Real" postprocessors to vectors
  [vol_constraint]
    type = VectorOfPostprocessors
    postprocessors = 'eq_constraint'
    force_postaux = true
  []
  [eq_grad]
    type = VectorOfPostprocessors
    postprocessors = 'func_r0 func_r1'
    force_postaux = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[Outputs]
  console = false
[]

postprocessor_type = InterfaceDiffusiveFluxAverage

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 6
    xmax = 3
    ny = 9
    ymax = 3
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain_id
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [fn_exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x*x+y*y'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    block = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
  [body_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 1
  []

  [diff_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
  []
  [body_v]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = v
    function = -1
  []
[]

# Not a diffusion interface but can test the postprocessor anyway
[InterfaceKernels]
  [reaction]
    type = InterfaceReaction
    kb = 1
    kf = 2
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [all]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = '0 1 2 3'
    function = fn_exact
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [diffusive_flux]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    variable = u
    neighbor_variable = v
    diffusivity = 1
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = ${raw ${postprocessor_type} _fe}
  exodus = true
[]

L = 2
l = 1
q1 = 1
q2 = 2
uR = 1
D1 = 1
D2 = 2

ul = '${fparse 1/D2*(D2*uR+q2*L*L/2-q2*l*l/2-l*(q2-q1)*L+l*l*(q2-q1))}'

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = ${L}
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '${l} 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '${L} 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface_primary_side]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary_interface'
  []
  [interface_secondary_side]
    input = interface_primary_side
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'secondary_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
  []
  [w]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'left'
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'right'
    block = 1
  []
  [source_left]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = ${q1}
    block = 0
  []
  [source_right]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = ${q2}
    block = 1
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    block = 0
    coeff = 'left'
  []
  [diff_w]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = w
    block = 1
    coeff = 'right'
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  active = 'interface'
  [interface]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    boundary = primary_interface
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = 'left'
    coeff2 = 'right'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [bad1]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = w
    variable2 = u
    boundary = primary_interface
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = 'left'
    coeff2 = 'right'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [bad2]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = primary_interface
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = 'left'
    coeff2 = 'right'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
  [bad3]
    type = FVOneVarDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = v
    boundary = primary_interface
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff1 = 'left'
    coeff2 = 'right'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'right'
    value = ${uR}
  []
  [v_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [v_right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary_interface'
    value = 0
  []
  [w_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'secondary_interface'
    value = 1
  []
  [w_right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'left'
    prop_values = '${D1}'
  []
  [block1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'right'
    prop_values = '${D2}'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Functions]
  [exact_u]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(x<${l}, 1/${D1}*(${fparse D1*ul+q1*l*l/2}-${fparse q1/2}*x*x),-1/${D2}*(${fparse -D2*ul-q2*l*l/2}+${fparse q2/2}*x*x-${fparse l*(q2-q1)}*x+${fparse l*l*(q2-q1)}))'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [h]
    type = AverageElementSize
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [L2u]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = u
    function = exact_u
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [./fmg]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = twoblocks.e
  []

  [./extrude]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = fmg
    primary_block = 'left'
    paired_block = 'right'
    new_boundary = 'in_between'
  [../]
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '0.5 0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.5 0.75 0.5'
    dz = '1.5 0.5'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    1 2 1
                    1 1 1

                    1 1 1
                    1 1 1
                    1 1 1'
  []

  [add_obstruction]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = obstruction
    input = cartesian
  []

  [add_new_back]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'abs(z) < 1e-10'
    included_subdomains = '1'
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    new_sideset_name = back_2
    input = add_obstruction
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [view_factor_study]
    type = ViewFactorRayStudy
    execute_on = initial
    boundary = 'left top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
    face_order = FOURTH
  []

  [view_factor]
    type = RayTracingViewFactor
    boundary = 'left top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    normalize_view_factor = false
    ray_study_name = view_factor_study
  []
[]

[RayBCs]
  [vf_bc]
    type = ViewFactorRayBC
    boundary = 'left top bottom front back_2 obstruction'
  []

  [symmetry]
    type = ReflectRayBC
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [left_left]
    type = ViewFactorPP
    from_boundary = left
    to_boundary = left
    view_factor_object_name = view_factor
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
  []

  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
  []

  [./subdomain2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 1'
    block_id = 2
  []

  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain2
    primary_block = '1 2'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []

  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    boundaries = 'bottom interface'
  [../]
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

rho_left = 1
E_left = 2.501505578
u_left = 1e-15

rho_right = 0.125
E_right = 1.999770935
u_right = 1e-15

x_sep = 35

[GlobalParams]
  fp = fp
[]

[Mesh]
  [./cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '40 20'
    ix = '200 100'
    dy = '1 20  2  20 1'
    iy = '4 100 10 100 4'
    subdomain_id = '0 0
                    0 1
                    1 1
                    0 1
                    0 0'
  [../]

  [./wall]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cartesian
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'wall'
  [../]

  [./delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = wall
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [./fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    allow_imperfect_jacobians = true
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./rho]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
  [../]
  [./rho_u]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
  [../]
  [./rho_v]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
  [../]
  [./rho_E]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./Ma]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]

  [./p]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]

  [./v_norm]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]

  [./temperature]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./Ma_aux]
    type = NSMachAux
    variable = Ma
    fluid_properties = fp
    use_material_properties = true
  [../]

  [./p_aux]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = p
    property = pressure
  [../]

  [./v_norm_aux]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = v_norm
    property = speed
  [../]

  [./temperature_aux]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = temperature
    property = T_fluid
  [../]
[]

[FVKernels]
  [./mass_time]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = rho
  [../]

  [./mass_advection]
    type = CNSFVMassHLLC
    variable = rho
  [../]

  [./momentum_x_time]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = rho_u
  [../]

  [./momentum_x_advection]
    type = CNSFVMomentumHLLC
    variable = rho_u
    momentum_component = x
  [../]

  [./momentum_y_time]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = rho_v
  [../]

  [./momentum_y_advection]
    type = CNSFVMomentumHLLC
    variable = rho_v
    momentum_component = y
  [../]

  [./fluid_energy_time]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = rho_E
  [../]

  [./fluid_energy_advection]
    type = CNSFVFluidEnergyHLLC
    variable = rho_E
  [../]
[]

[FVBCs]
  [./mom_x_pressure]
    type = CNSFVMomImplicitPressureBC
    variable = rho_u
    momentum_component = x
    boundary = 'left right wall'
  [../]

  [./mom_y_pressure]
    type = CNSFVMomImplicitPressureBC
    variable = rho_v
    momentum_component = y
    boundary = 'wall'
  [../]
[]

[ICs]
  [./rho_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = rho
    function = 'if (x < ${x_sep}, ${rho_left}, ${rho_right})'
  [../]

  [./rho_u_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = rho_u
    function = 'if (x < ${x_sep}, ${fparse rho_left * u_left}, ${fparse rho_right * u_right})'
  [../]

  [./rho_E_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = rho_E
    function = 'if (x < ${x_sep}, ${fparse E_left * rho_left}, ${fparse E_right * rho_right})'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./var_mat]
    type = ConservedVarValuesMaterial
    rho = rho
    rhou = rho_u
    rhov = rho_v
    rho_et = rho_E
    fp = fp
  [../]
  [./sound_speed]
    type = SoundspeedMat
    fp = fp
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./cfl_dt]
    type = ADCFLTimeStepSize
    c_names = 'sound_speed'
    vel_names = 'speed'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 100
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ExplicitSSPRungeKutta
    order = 2
  []
  l_tol = 1e-8

  [./TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = cfl_dt
  [../]
[]

# Water properties
mu = 1.0E-3
rho = 1000.0
k = 0.598
cp = 4186

# Solid properties
cp_s = 830
rho_s = 1680
k_s = 3.5

# Other parameters
p_outlet = 0
u_inlet = -1e-4
h_conv = 50

[Mesh]
  [generated_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    xmin = 0
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 0.1
    xmax = 0.1
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = generated_mesh
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_name = subdomain1
    bottom_left = '0.04 0.04 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '0.06 0.06 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = interface
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = pressure
    block = 0
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel_x]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1e-4
    block = 0
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1e-4
    block = 0
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [T]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    initial_condition = 283.15
    scaling = 1e-5
    block = 0
  []
  [Ts]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    initial_condition = 333.15
    scaling = 1e-5
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
  [u_time]
    type = INSFVMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_x
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 0
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_x
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 0
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    block = 0
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 0
  []
  [v_time]
    type = INSFVMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 0
  []
  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    block = 0
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    block = 0
  []
  [energy_time]
    type = INSFVEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = T
    rho = ${rho}
    dh_dt = dh_dt
    block = 0
  []
  [temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T
    block = 0
  []
  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
    block = 0
  []
  [solid_energy_time]
    type = INSFVEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = Ts
    rho = ${rho_s}
    dh_dt = dh_solid_dt
    block = 1
  []
  [solid_temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k_s'
    variable = Ts
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [convection]
    type = FVConvectionCorrelationInterface
    variable1 = T
    variable2 = Ts
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
    boundary = interface
    h = ${h_conv}
    T_solid = Ts
    T_fluid = T
    wall_cell_is_bulk = true
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'top'
    variable = vel_x
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'top'
    variable = vel_y
    function = ${u_inlet}
  []
  [inlet_T]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = T
    boundary = 'top'
    value = 283.15
  []
  [no-slip-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'left right interface'
    variable = vel_x
    function = 0
  []
  [no-slip-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'left right interface'
    variable = vel_y
    function = 0
  []

  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = pressure
    function = '${p_outlet}'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp k'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${k}'
    block = 0
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
  [solid_functor_constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp_s k_s'
    prop_values = '${cp_s} ${k_s}'
    block = 1
  []
  [solid_ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'Ts'
    rho = ${rho_s}
    cp = ${cp_s}
    block = 1
    h = h_solid
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_gmres_restart -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      100                lu           NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  dt = 10
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

mu=1
rho=1
advected_interp_method='average'
velocity_interp_method='rc'

[Mesh]
  inactive = 'mesh internal_boundary_bot internal_boundary_top'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1'
    dy = '1 1 1'
    ix = '5'
    iy = '5 5 5'
    subdomain_id = '1
                    2
                    3'
  []
  [internal_boundary_bot]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'internal_bot'
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
  []
  [internal_boundary_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_bot
    new_boundary = 'internal_top'
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 3
  []
  [diverging_mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'expansion_quad.e'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  fv_bcs_integrity_check = true
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = PINSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = u
    v = v
    pressure = pressure
    porosity = porosity
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = PINSFVSuperficialVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
  []
  [temperature]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [advected_density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
    initial_condition = ${rho}
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass]
    type = PINSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = u
    rho = ${rho}
    porosity = porosity
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = u
    force_boundary_execution = true
    porosity = porosity
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = PINSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = v
    rho = ${rho}
    porosity = porosity
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = PINSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = v
    force_boundary_execution = true
    porosity = porosity
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = PINSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    porosity = porosity
  []

  [temp_advection]
    type = PINSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = temperature
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [temp_source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = temperature
    function = 10
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  inactive = 'noslip-u noslip-v'
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = v
    function = 1
  []
  [noslip-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = u
    function = 0
  []
  [noslip-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    function = 0
  []
  [free-slip-u]
    type = INSFVNaturalFreeSlipBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = u
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [free-slip-v]
    type = INSFVNaturalFreeSlipBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = v
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [axis-u]
    type = PINSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = u
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = x
  []
  [axis-v]
    type = PINSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = v
    u = u
    v = v
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = y
  []
  [axis-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'top'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_temp]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    boundary = 'bottom'
    variable = temperature
    value = 300
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'temperature'
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [advected_material_property]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'advected_rho cp'
    prop_values ='${rho} 1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_gmres_restart -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      200                lu           NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [inlet_mass_variable]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = advected_density
  []
  [inlet_mass_constant]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [inlet_mass_matprop]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'advected_rho'
  []
  [mid1_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mid2_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [outlet_mass]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []

  [inlet_momentum_x]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = u
  []

  [inlet_momentum_y]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = bottom
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = v
  []

  [mid1_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_bot
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [mid2_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = internal_top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
  [outlet_advected_energy]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = top
    vel_x = u
    vel_y = v
    advected_quantity = 'rho_cp_temp'
    advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [./gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    xmax = 3
    ymax = 3
    zmax = 3
    nx = 3
    ny = 3
    nz = 3
  []

  [./central_block]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '1 1 1'
    top_right = '2 2 2'
  []

  [./central_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = central_block
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 7
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
    elem_type = HEX20
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./curl_u_plus_u]
    type = VectorFEWave
    variable = u
    x_forcing_func = 1
    y_forcing_func = 1
    z_forcing_func = 1
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./curl_v_plus_v]
    type = VectorFEWave
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./parallel]
    type = VectorPenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  # Natural condition of VectorFEWave weak form is curl(u) = 0, curl(v) = 0
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    xmax = 1
    ymax = 1
    extra_element_integers = foo_id
  []

  [id0]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    block_id = 0
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [id1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id0
    bottom_left = '0.4 0.4 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '0.9 0.9 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [id2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id1
    bottom_left = '0.1 0.1 0'
    block_id = 2
    top_right = '0.6 0.6 0'
    integer_name = foo_id
  []

  [subdomain]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = id2
    bottom_left = '0 0.6 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  []

  [side0to1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = side0to1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [foo_id_var]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [foo_id]
    type = ExtraElementIDAux
    variable = foo_id_var
    extra_id_name = foo_id
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [elem_counter]
    type = InterfaceElementCounterWithID
    boundary = side0to1
    id_name = foo_id
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '5 5'
    iy = '5 5'
    subdomain_id = '0 1
                    0 1'
  []
  [add_sideset0]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    new_boundary = middle01
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
  []
  [add_sideset1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_sideset0
    new_boundary = middle10
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u_fe]
    block = 0
  []
  [u_fv]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_fe_diff]
    type = ADDiffusion
    variable = u_fe
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u_fe_left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = u_fe
    value = 0
  []
  [u_fe_middle]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    boundary = middle01
    variable = u_fe
    T_infinity_functor = u_fv
    heat_transfer_coefficient_functor = 1.0
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [u_fv_diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u_fv
    coeff = 1.0
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [u_fv_right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = right
    variable = u_fv
    value = 1.0
  []
  [u_fv_middle]
    type = FVFunctorConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    boundary = middle10
    variable = u_fv
    T_bulk = u_fv
    T_solid = u_fe
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 1.0
    is_solid = false
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    dim = 2
  []
  [subdomain]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.5 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    input = gen
  []
  [break_boundary]
    input = subdomain
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    boundaries = 'bottom top'
  []
  [sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'fluid_left'
  []
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [T][]
  [velocity]
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
    block = 1
  []
  [pressure]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = pressure
    block = 1
  []
  [pspg]
    type = INSADMassPSPG
    variable = pressure
    block = 1
  []

  [momentum_convection]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_viscous]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_pressure]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity
    pressure = pressure
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_supg]
    type = INSADMomentumSUPG
    variable = velocity
    velocity = velocity
    block = 1
  []

  [temperature_advection]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
     block = 1
  []
  [temperature_supg]
    type = INSADEnergySUPG
    variable = T
    velocity = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [temperature_conduction]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T
    block = 0
    function = 'x + y'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [velocity_inlet]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity
    function_y = 1
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
  []
  [wall]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity
    boundary = 'fluid_left right'
  []
  [convective_heat_transfer]
    type = ConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = T
    T_infinity = 0
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 1
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [constant]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp rho k mu'
    prop_values = '1 1   1 1'
  []
  [ins]
    type = INSADStabilized3Eqn
    pressure = pressure
    velocity = velocity
    temperature = T
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [convective_heat_transfer]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = T
    T_fluid = 0
    htc = 1
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [advection]
    type = INSADElementIntegralEnergyAdvection
    temperature = T
    velocity = velocity
    cp = cp
    rho = rho
    block = 1
  []
  [source]
    type = FunctionElementIntegral
    function = 'x + y'
    block = 0
  []
  [energy_balance]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = 'convective_heat_transfer + advection - source'
    pp_names = 'convective_heat_transfer advection source'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 2
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    nx = 16
    ny = 8
    elem_type = QUAD9
  []
  [./corner_node_0]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    coord = '0 0 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./corner_node_1]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_1'
    coord = '1 0 0'
    input = corner_node_0
  [../]
  [./subdomain1]
    input = corner_node_1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface0]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface0'
  [../]
  [./interface1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface0
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface1'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [velocity0]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  []
  [T0]
    order = SECOND
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1.0
    []
  []
  [p0]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [./mass0]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_time0]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_convection0]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_viscous0]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_pressure0]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_time0]
    type = INSADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_advection0]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_conduction0]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T0
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./mass1]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_time1]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = velocity0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_convection1]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_viscous1]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_pressure1]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_time1]
    type = INSADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_advection1]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T0
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_conduction1]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T0
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./no_slip0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0 interface0 left'
  [../]
  [./lid0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    function_x = 'lid_function0'
  [../]
  [./T_hot0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./pressure_pin0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = p0
    boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./no_slip1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1 interface1 right'
  [../]
  [./lid1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    function_x = 'lid_function1'
  [../]
  [./T_hot1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./const]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'rho mu cp k'
    prop_values = '1  1  1  .01'
  [../]
  [ins_mat0]
    type = INSAD3Eqn
    velocity = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    temperature = T0
    block = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Functions]
    # We pick a function that is exactly represented in the velocity
    # space so that the Dirichlet conditions are the same regardless
    # of the mesh spacing.
  [./lid_function0]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*x*(1-x)'
  [../]
  [./lid_function1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*(x-1)*(2-x)'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  # Run for 100+ timesteps to reach steady state.
  num_steps = 5
  dt = .5
  dtmin = .5
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_levels -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      2               ilu          4                     NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-13
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 500
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Steady-state test for the InterfaceReaction kernel.
#
# Specie M transport from domain 1 (0<=x<=1) to domain 2 (1<x<=2),
# u and v are concentrations in domain 1 and domain 2.
#
# Diffusion in both domains can be described by Ficks law and diffusion
# kernel is applied.
#
# Specie M has different diffusity in different domains, here set as D1=4, D2=2.
#
# Dirichlet boundary conditions are applied, i.e., u(0)=1, v(2)=0
#
# At the interface consider the following
#
# (a) Fluxes are matched from both domains (InterfaceDiffusion kernel)
#
# (b) First-order reaction is R = kf*u - kb*v = 0
#
# This results in the interfacial conditions
#
# -D1 du = -D2 dv
#   kf*u = kb*v
#
# Analytical solution is
# u = -0.2*u+1,    0<=u<=1
# v = -0.4*v+0.8,  1<v<=2

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'subdomain1'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    block = '0'
    diffusivity = D
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = v
    block = '1'
    diffusivity = D
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    D = D
    D_neighbor = D
  [../]
  [./interface_reaction]
    type = InterfaceReaction
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    kf = 1 # Forward reaction rate coefficient
    kb = 2 # Backward reaction rate coefficient
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  [../]
  [./block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = true
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./elemental_error_u]
    type = ElementL2Error
    function = -0.2*x+1
    variable = 'u'
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./elemental_error_v]
    type = ElementL2Error
    function = -0.4*x+0.8
    variable = 'v'
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 5
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 5
  []

  [left]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = gmg
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '2 2 0'
    top_right = '3 3 1'
  []
  [right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = left
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '3 2 0'
    top_right = '4 3 1'
  []
  [interior_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    input = right
    new_boundary = interior_ss
  []
  [new_block_number]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 3
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '4 4 1'
    input = 'interior_sideset'
  []
  [ed0]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 3
    input = 'new_block_number'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Verification Test of PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface
# with default materials
#
# Imposes u_perpendicular = v_perpendicular on each interface
# between subdomain 0 and 1

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    nz = 10
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
    zmax = 2
    elem_type = HEX20
  []
  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
    input = gmg
  []
  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = subdomain1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = NEDELEC_ONE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [curl_u]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [coeff_u]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = u
    block = 0
  []
  [ffn_u]
    type = VectorBodyForce
    variable = u
    block = 0
    function_x = 1
    function_y = 1
    function_z = 1
  []
  [curl_v]
    type = CurlCurlField
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
  [coeff_v]
    type = VectorFunctionReaction
    variable = v
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [perpendicular]
    type = PerpendicularElectricFieldInterface
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[BCs]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.15

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = '${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_outer_radius = '${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}'

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [core_gap_rpv]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    radii = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_inner_radius} ${rpv_outer_radius}'
    rings = '2 1 2'
    has_outer_square = false
    preserve_volumes = true
    portion = full
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = core_gap_rpv
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 2
  []
  [secondary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'rpv_inner'
    new_block_id = 10001
    new_block_name = 'secondary_lower'
    input = 2d_mesh
  []
  [primary]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    sidesets = 'core_outer'
    new_block_id = 10000
    new_block_name = 'primary_lower'
    input = secondary
  []
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
  [lm]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 'secondary_lower'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [radiation]
    type = GapFluxModelRadiation
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    primary_emissivity = 0.8
    secondary_emissivity = 0.8
  []
  [conduction]
    type = GapFluxModelConduction
    temperature = Tsolid
    boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Constraints]
  [ced]
    type = ModularGapConductanceConstraint
    variable = lm
    secondary_variable = Tsolid
    primary_boundary = 'core_outer'
    primary_subdomain = 10000
    secondary_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
    secondary_subdomain = 10001
    gap_flux_models = 'radiation conduction'
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [NodalTemperature]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    boundary = 'rpv_inner core_outer'
    variable = 'Tsolid'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -pc_svd_monitor'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -mat_mffd_err -pc_factor_shift_type -pc_factor_shift_amount'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist                  1e-5          NONZERO               1e-15'
  snesmf_reuse_base = false

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100

  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    dim = 2
  []
  [subdomain]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.5 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    input = gen
  []
  [break_boundary]
    input = subdomain
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    boundaries = 'bottom top'
  []
  [sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'fluid_left'
  []
  coord_type = RZ
  second_order = true
[]

[Variables]
  [T]
    order = SECOND
  []
  [velocity]
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
    order = SECOND
    block = 1
  []
  [pressure]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = pressure
    block = 1
  []

  [momentum_convection]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_viscous]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_pressure]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity
    pressure = pressure
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 1
  []
  [momentum_supg]
    type = INSADMomentumSUPG
    variable = velocity
    velocity = velocity
    block = 1
  []

  [temperature_advection]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
     block = 1
  []
  [temperature_supg]
    type = INSADEnergySUPG
    variable = T
    velocity = velocity
    block = 1
  []
  [temperature_conduction]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T
    block = 0
    function = 'x + y'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [velocity_inlet]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity
    function_y = 1
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
  []
  [wall]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity
    boundary = 'fluid_left right'
  []
  [convective_heat_transfer]
    type = ConvectiveHeatFluxBC
    variable = T
    T_infinity = 0
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 1
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [constant]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp rho k mu'
    prop_values = '1 1   1 1'
  []
  [ins]
    type = INSADStabilized3Eqn
    pressure = pressure
    velocity = velocity
    temperature = T
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [convective_heat_transfer]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = T
    T_fluid = 0
    htc = 1
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [advection]
    type = INSADElementIntegralEnergyAdvection
    temperature = T
    velocity = velocity
    cp = cp
    rho = rho
    block = 1
  []
  [source]
    type = FunctionElementIntegral
    function = 'x + y'
    block = 0
  []
  [energy_balance]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = 'convective_heat_transfer + advection - source'
    pp_names = 'convective_heat_transfer advection source'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface_primary_side]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary_interface'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  # retain behavior at time of test creation
  two_term_boundary_expansion = false
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [lambda]
    type = MooseVariableScalar
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'left'
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 'right'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = FVTwoVarContinuityConstraint
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = 'primary_interface'
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    lambda = 'lambda'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [v_left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'left'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
  [block1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'right'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm lu NONZERO'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 16
    ny = 16
  []
  [left]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'gen'
    block_id = 1
    block_name = 'left'
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.25 1 1'
  []
  [right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'left'
    block_id = 2
    block_name = 'right'
    bottom_left = '0.25 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
  []
  [moving_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'right'
    new_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
    primary_block = 'left'
    paired_block = 'right'
  []
[]

[MeshModifiers]
  [moving_circle]
    type = CoupledVarThresholdElementSubdomainModifier
    coupled_var = 'phi'
    criterion_type = 'BELOW'
    threshold = 0
    subdomain_id = 1
    moving_boundaries = 'moving_boundary'
    moving_boundary_subdomain_pairs = 'left right'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [phi]
    [AuxKernel]
      type = ParsedAux
      expression = '(x-t)^2+(y)^2-0.5^2'
      use_xyzt = true
      execute_on = 'INITIAL'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# This is testing a scenario where volumetric system (like kernels) asks for second derivatives
# and the formulation includes a system using neighbor elements (like DGKernels or
# InterfaceKernels)
# If the latter did not request the second derivatives MOOSE should not be computing those.
# The PDEs solved are quite contrived, the Biharmonic kernel is there just to trigger the
# computation of second derivatives.

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
    xmax = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 2 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
  []
  [bh]
    type = Biharmonic
    variable = u
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = middle
    D = 4
    D_neighbor = 2
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    value = 1
    boundary = 'right middle'
  []
  [v]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    value = 2
    boundary = 'left middle'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]


  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./penalty_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
    jump_prop_name = jump
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
    [./jump]
      type = JumpInterfaceMaterial
      var = u
      neighbor_var = v
      boundary = primary0_interface
    [../]
  [./stateful]
    type = StatefulMaterial
    initial_diffusivity = 1
    boundary = primary0_interface
  [../]
  [./block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  [../]
  [./block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

# Horizontal H junction with flow in different directions in the two branches
# One of the branches has a diode against the direction of the flow that can
# be triggered using the Controls
# There are 3 different strategies available for the diode blocking the flow
# - based on a time trigger
# - based on a pressure drop (here chosen across the diode)
# - based on a mass flow rate (here chosen through the diode)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

nx = 10
ny = 5

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.3 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.2 0.5'
    ix = '${nx} ${fparse nx/2} ${nx}'
    iy = '${ny} ${ny} ${ny}'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    2 1 2
                    3 4 1'
  []

  [add_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '1 3 4'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'walls'
  []
  [remove_wall_blocks]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = add_walls
    block = 2
  []

  # Add inlets and outlets
  [top_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = remove_wall_blocks
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_left
  []
  [bottom_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_left
  []
  [top_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = bottom_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []
  [bottom_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_right
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []

  # Extra surfaces
  [diode_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = bottom_right
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
  []
  [mid_section]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = diode_inlet
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'mid_connection'
  []

  [reduce_blocks]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = 'mid_section'
    old_block = '4 3 1'
    new_block = '1 diode fluid'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom_left top_right'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0; -1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'bottom_right top_left'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1 1'

    friction_blocks = 'fluid; diode'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    standard_friction_formulation = true
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'

    # Porosity jump treatment
    # Option 1: diffusion correction
    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10

    # Option 2: bernouilli jump
    # porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = bernoulli

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []

  # Material definitions needed for the diode
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    # Friction only in X direction
    direction = '-1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '20000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = 'diode'
    turn_on_diode = false
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Darcy
                               diode diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Forchheimer
                               diode diode_quad'
  []

  # density is constant
  [momentum]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'momentum'
    prop_values = 'superficial_vel_x superficial_vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.015
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Controls]
  active = 'pdrop_based'
  # Case 1: Diode turns on at a certain time and blocks (adds friction) flow at a given time
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = time_function
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 2: Diode looks at pressure drop, reduces flow if positive pressure drop
  # This will not oscillate as the diode increases the pressure drop
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = pdrop_positive
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 3: Diode looks at flow direction & quantity, reduces flow if too much flow
  # in a given direction
  # This will oscillate (turn on/off on each step) if the action of turning the diode
  # makes the amount of flow smaller than the threshold for turning on the diode
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = velocity_big_enough
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Functions are used to parse postprocessors and provide them to a BoolFunctionControl
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values = pdrop_diode
  []
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = flow_diode
    symbol_values = flow_diode
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Analysis of the simulation
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_middle]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'mid_connection'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [pdrop_top_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'top_left top_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [pdrop_bottom_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'bottom_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'bottom_left bottom_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Diode operation
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  integrate_p_by_parts = true
  laplace = true
  convective_term = true
  transient_term = true
  pspg = true
  supg = true
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  preset = false
  order = FIRST
  use_displaced_mesh = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 3.0
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1.0
    nx = 10
    ny = 15
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []

  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.0 0.5 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '3.0 1.0 0'
    input = gmg
  []

  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'master0_interface'
    input = subdomain1
  []

  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = interface
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [./vel_x]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_y]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./p]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
  [./vel_x_solid]
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./vel_y_solid]
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./vel_x_time]
    type = INSMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_x
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_y_time]
    type = INSMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_y
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./mass]
    type = INSMass
    variable = p
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    block = 0
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
  [../]
  [./x_momentum_space]
    type = INSMomentumLaplaceForm
    variable = vel_x
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    component = 0
    block = 0
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
  [../]
  [./y_momentum_space]
    type = INSMomentumLaplaceForm
    variable = vel_y
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    component = 1
    block = 0
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
  [../]
  [./vel_x_mesh]
    type = ConvectedMesh
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
    variable = vel_x
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_y_mesh]
    type = ConvectedMesh
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
    variable = vel_y
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./p_mesh]
    type = ConvectedMeshPSPG
    disp_x = disp_x
    disp_y = disp_y
    variable = p
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = p
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./disp_x_fluid]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = disp_x
    block = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./disp_y_fluid]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = disp_y
    block = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./accel_tensor_x]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
    v = vel_x_solid
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./accel_tensor_y]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
    v = vel_y_solid
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./vxs_time_derivative_term]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_x_solid
    v = disp_x
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./vys_time_derivative_term]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_y_solid
    v = disp_y
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./source_vxs]
    type = MatReaction
    variable = vel_x_solid
    block = 1
    reaction_rate = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./source_vys]
    type = MatReaction
    variable = vel_y_solid
    block = 1
    reaction_rate = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./penalty_interface_x]
    type = CoupledPenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    neighbor_var = disp_x
    secondary_coupled_var = vel_x_solid
    boundary = master0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
  [./penalty_interface_y]
    type = CoupledPenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    neighbor_var = disp_y
    secondary_coupled_var = vel_y_solid
    boundary = master0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  [./solid_domain]
    strain = SMALL
    incremental = false
    # generate_output = 'strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz' ## Not at all necessary, but nice
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 1e2
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
    block = '1'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
  [./small_stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./const]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 0
    prop_names = 'rho mu'
    prop_values = '1  1'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./fluid_x_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_x
    boundary = 'bottom'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./fluid_y_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_y
    boundary = 'bottom left_to_0'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./x_inlet]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = vel_x
    boundary = 'left_to_0'
    function = 'inlet_func'
  [../]
  [./no_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'bottom top left_to_1 right_to_1 left_to_0 right_to_0'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./no_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'bottom top left_to_1 right_to_1 left_to_0 right_to_0'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./solid_x_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_x_solid
    boundary = 'top left_to_1 right_to_1'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./solid_y_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_y_solid
    boundary = 'top left_to_1 right_to_1'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 5
  # num_steps = 60
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 0.1
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  [./out]
    type = Exodus
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./inlet_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(-16 * (y - 0.25)^2 + 1) * (1 + cos(t))'
  [../]
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 50
    ny = 50
  []
  [./box1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.51 1 0'
  [../]
  [./box2]
    input = box1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.49 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
  [../]
  [./iface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = box2
  [../]
  [./rotate]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = ROTATE
    vector_value = '5 0 0'
    input = iface
  [../]
[]

[GlobalParams]
  order = FIRST
  family = LAGRANGE
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = 2
    initial_condition = 0.8
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./u_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v
    block = 2
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./flux_continuity]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionFluxMatch
    variable = u
    boundary = 10
    neighbor_var = v
  [../]
  [./diffusion_surface_term]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionBoundaryTerm
    boundary = 10
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'

  dt = 0.001
  num_steps = 20
[]

[Outputs]
  [./out]
    type = Exodus
    use_problem_dimension = false
  [../]
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 back_to_0 right top front'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1 back_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  # use these two to re-generate input.e
  [eg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '2 1 1'
    dy = '2 3'
    ix = '2 1 1'
    iy = '2 3'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 1
                    1 2 0'
  []
  [add_internal]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = eg
    paired_block = 0
    primary_block = 2
    new_boundary = middle
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineBlockGenerator
    input = add_internal
    block = '0 1 2'
    refinement = '0 1 1'
    enable_neighbor_refinement = false
    output = true
  []

  final_generator = 'diag'
  [input]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'single_nonuniform.e'
  []

  # Go back to what we had
  [coarsen]
    type = CoarsenBlockGenerator
    input = input
    block = '0 1 2'
    coarsening = '0 1 1'
    # This was found by looking at the output of refine
    # careful, has transitions we dont support!
    starting_point = '2.75 0.75 0'
    verbose = true
  []
  [diag]
    type = MeshDiagnosticsGenerator
    input = coarsen
    examine_element_overlap = ERROR
    search_for_adaptivity_nonconformality = WARNING
    examine_non_conformality = WARNING
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

rpv_core_gap_size = 0.15

core_outer_radius = 2
rpv_inner_radius = '${fparse 2 + rpv_core_gap_size}'
rpv_outer_radius = '${fparse 2.5 + rpv_core_gap_size}'

rpv_outer_htc = 10 # W/m^2/K
rpv_outer_Tinf = 300 # K

core_blocks = '1'
rpv_blocks = '3'

[Mesh]
  [core_gap_rpv]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 10
    radii = '${core_outer_radius} ${rpv_inner_radius} ${rpv_outer_radius}'
    rings = '2 1 2'
    has_outer_square = false
    preserve_volumes = true
    portion = full
  []
  [rename_core_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = core_gap_rpv
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'core_outer'
  []
  [rename_inner_rpv_bdy]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_core_bdy
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'rpv_inner'
  []
  [2d_mesh]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = rename_inner_rpv_bdy
    block = 2
  []
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[Variables]
  [Tsolid]
    initial_condition = 500
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_source]
    type = CoupledForce
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    v = power_density
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [RPV_out_BC] # k \nabla T = h (T- T_inf) at RPV outer boundary
    type = ConvectiveFluxFunction # (Robin BC)
    variable = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RPV
    coefficient = ${rpv_outer_htc}
    T_infinity = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
  []
[]

[ThermalContact]
  [RPV_gap]
    type = GapHeatTransfer
    gap_geometry_type = 'CYLINDER'
    emissivity_primary = 0.8
    emissivity_secondary = 0.8
    variable = Tsolid
    primary = 'core_outer'
    secondary = 'rpv_inner'
    gap_conductivity = 0.1
    quadrature = true
    cylinder_axis_point_1 = '0 0 0'
    cylinder_axis_point_2 = '0 0 5'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    block = '${core_blocks}'
    initial_condition = 50e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [simple_mat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 34.6 # W/m/K
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Tcore_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Tcore_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_avg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = max
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [Trpv_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    value_type = min
    variable = Tsolid
    block = '${rpv_blocks}'
  []
  [ptot]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = power_density
    block = '${core_blocks}'
  []
  [rpv_convective_out]
    type = ConvectiveHeatTransferSideIntegral
    T_solid = Tsolid
    boundary = 'outer' # outer RVP
    T_fluid = ${rpv_outer_Tinf}
    htc = ${rpv_outer_htc}
  []
  [heat_balance] # should be equal to 0 upon convergence
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    expression = '(rpv_convective_out - ptot) / ptot'
    pp_names = 'rpv_convective_out ptot'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [NodalTemperature]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    boundary = 'rpv_inner core_outer'
    variable = Tsolid
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  automatic_scaling = true
  compute_scaling_once = false
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type -ksp_gmres_restart '
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg 100'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    side_order = seventh
  []
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

postprocessor_type = InterfaceAverageVariableValuePostprocessor

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 6
    xmax = 3
    ny = 9
    ymax = 3
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain_id
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./fn_exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x*x+y*y'
  [../]

  [./ffn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -4
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
  [../]
[]

[FVKernels]
  [./diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 1
  [../]

  [./ffn]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = ffn
  [../]
[]

[FVBCs]
  [./all]
    type = FVFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = '0 1 2 3'
    function = fn_exact
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./stateful1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 0
    prop_names = 'diffusivity'
    prop_values = 10
  [../]
  [./stateful2]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = 'diffusivity'
    prop_values = 4
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_1
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = diffusivity
    variable = diffusivity_2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./diffusivity_1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [./diffusivity_2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./diffusivity_average]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = average
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_primary_secondary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_primary_minus_secondary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_secondary_primary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_secondary_minus_primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_jump_abs]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = jump_abs
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_primary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_secondary]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = secondary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    neighbor_variable = diffusivity_2
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
  [./diffusivity_single_variable]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    interface_value_type = primary
    variable = diffusivity_1
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = ${raw ${postprocessor_type} _fv}
  exodus = true
[]

##########################################################
# ERCOFTAC test case foe BFS
# Case Number: 031
# Author: Dr. Mauricio Tano
# Last Update: November, 2023
# Turbulent model using:
# k-epsilon model
# Equilibrium + Newton wall treatement
# SIMPLE solve
##########################################################

Re = 5100

rho = 1.0
bulk_u = 1.0
H = 1.0
mu = '${fparse rho * bulk_u * H/ Re}'

advected_interp_method = 'upwind'

pressure_tag = "pressure_grad"

### k-epsilon Closure Parameters ###
sigma_k = 1.0
sigma_eps = 1.3
C1_eps = 1.44
C2_eps = 1.92
C_mu = 0.09

### Initial and Boundary Conditions ###
intensity = 0.01
k_init = '${fparse 1.5*(intensity * bulk_u)^2}'
eps_init = '${fparse C_mu^0.75 * k_init^1.5 / H}'

### Modeling parameters ###
bulk_wall_treatment = false
walls = 'bottom wall-side top'
wall_treatment = 'eq_incremental' # Options: eq_newton, eq_incremental, eq_linearized, neq

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '${fparse 10.0*H} ${fparse 20.0*H}'
    dy = '${H} ${fparse 5*H}'
    ix = '8 16'
    iy = '2 8'
    subdomain_id = '
                    2 1
                    1 1
                  '
  []
  [corner_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gen
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'wall-side'
  []
  [delete_bottom]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = corner_walls
    block = '2'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  nl_sys_names = 'u_system v_system pressure_system TKE_system TKED_system'
  previous_nl_solution_required = true
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolatorSegregated
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel_x]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = ${bulk_u}
    solver_sys = u_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 0
    solver_sys = v_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    initial_condition = 1e-8
    solver_sys = pressure_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  []
  [TKE]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    solver_sys = TKE_system
    initial_condition = ${k_init}
  []
  [TKED]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    solver_sys = TKED_system
    initial_condition = ${eps_init}
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_x
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity_turbulent]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = 'mu_t'
    momentum_component = 'x'
    complete_expansion = true
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []

  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity_turbulent]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = 'mu_t'
    momentum_component = 'y'
    complete_expansion = true
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []

  [p_diffusion]
    type = FVAnisotropicDiffusion
    variable = pressure
    coeff = "Ainv"
    coeff_interp_method = 'average'
  []
  [p_source]
    type = FVDivergence
    variable = pressure
    vector_field = "HbyA"
    force_boundary_execution = true
  []

  [TKE_advection]
    type = INSFVTurbulentAdvection
    variable = TKE
    rho = ${rho}
  []
  [TKE_diffusion]
    type = INSFVTurbulentDiffusion
    variable = TKE
    coeff = ${mu}
  []
  [TKE_diffusion_turbulent]
    type = INSFVTurbulentDiffusion
    variable = TKE
    coeff = 'mu_t'
    scaling_coef = ${sigma_k}
  []
  [TKE_source_sink]
    type = INSFVTKESourceSink
    variable = TKE
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    epsilon = TKED
    rho = ${rho}
    mu = ${mu}
    mu_t = 'mu_t'
    walls = ${walls}
    wall_treatment = ${wall_treatment}
  []

  [TKED_advection]
    type = INSFVTurbulentAdvection
    variable = TKED
    rho = ${rho}
    walls = ${walls}
  []
  [TKED_diffusion]
    type = INSFVTurbulentDiffusion
    variable = TKED
    coeff = ${mu}
    walls = ${walls}
  []
  [TKED_diffusion_turbulent]
    type = INSFVTurbulentDiffusion
    variable = TKED
    coeff = 'mu_t'
    scaling_coef = ${sigma_eps}
    walls = ${walls}
  []
  [TKED_source_sink]
    type = INSFVTKEDSourceSink
    variable = TKED
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    k = TKE
    rho = ${rho}
    mu = ${mu}
    mu_t = 'mu_t'
    C1_eps = ${C1_eps}
    C2_eps = ${C2_eps}
    walls = ${walls}
    wall_treatment = ${wall_treatment}
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = vel_x
    functor = '${bulk_u}'
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = vel_y
    functor = 0
  []
  [inlet_TKE]
    type = INSFVInletIntensityTKEBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = TKE
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    intensity = ${intensity}
  []
  [inlet_TKED]
    type = INSFVMixingLengthTKEDBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = TKED
    k = TKE
    characteristic_length = '${fparse 2*H}'
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = pressure
    functor = 0
  []
  [walls-u]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = ${walls}
    variable = vel_x
    value = 0
  []
  [walls-v]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = ${walls}
    variable = vel_y
    value = 0
  []
  [walls_mu_t]
    type = INSFVTurbulentViscosityWallFunction
    boundary = ${walls}
    variable = mu_t
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    mu = ${mu}
    mu_t = 'mu_t'
    k = TKE
    wall_treatment = ${wall_treatment}
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [mu_t]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = '${fparse rho * C_mu * ${k_init}^2 / eps_init}'
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [compute_mu_t]
    type = kEpsilonViscosityAux
    variable = mu_t
    C_mu = ${C_mu}
    k = TKE
    epsilon = TKED
    mu = ${mu}
    rho = ${rho}
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    bulk_wall_treatment = ${bulk_wall_treatment}
    walls = ${walls}
    wall_treatment = ${wall_treatment}
    execute_on = 'NONLINEAR'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = SIMPLENonlinearAssembly
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  momentum_systems = 'u_system v_system'
  pressure_system = 'pressure_system'
  turbulence_systems = 'TKED_system TKE_system'

  pressure_gradient_tag = ${pressure_tag}
  momentum_equation_relaxation = 0.7
  pressure_variable_relaxation = 0.3
  turbulence_equation_relaxation = '0.3 0.3'
  num_iterations = 500
  pressure_absolute_tolerance = 1e-12
  momentum_absolute_tolerance = 1e-12
  turbulence_absolute_tolerance = '1e-12 1e-12'
  momentum_petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  momentum_petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  pressure_petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  pressure_petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'

  momentum_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  pressure_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  turbulence_l_abs_tol = 1e-14
  momentum_l_max_its = 30
  pressure_l_max_its = 30
  momentum_l_tol = 0.0
  pressure_l_tol = 0.0
  turbulence_l_tol = 0.0
  print_fields = false
  continue_on_max_its = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmax = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 1
    subdomain_ids = '0 1'
  []

  [interface_mesh]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gmg
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = interface
  []

  # This creates enough elements to have defined gradients
  [refine]
    type = RefineBlockGenerator
    input = interface_mesh
    block = '0 1'
    refinement = '3 3'
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = error_frac
  max_h_level = 5
  [Indicators]
    [u0_jump]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = u0
      scale_by_flux_faces = false
    []
  []
  [Markers]
    [error_frac]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      coarsen = 0.15
      indicator = u0_jump
      refine = 0.7
    []
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 0
  []

  [u1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    block = 1
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [time0]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = u0
  []

  [diff0]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u0
    coeff = 1
    block = 0
  []

  [time1]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = u1
  []

  [diff1]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u1
    coeff = 1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u0
    variable2 = u1
    boundary = interface
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
    coeff1 = 1
    coeff2 = 1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left] # arbitrary user-chosen name
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u0
    boundary = 'left' # This must match a named boundary in the mesh file
    value = 1
  []

  [right] # arbitrary user-chosen name
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = u1
    boundary = 'right' # This must match a named boundary in the mesh file
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'Newton'

  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 0.1
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [samples]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = u0
    # Avoiding element faces
    start_point = '0.0001 1e-6 0'
    end_point = '0.999999 1e-6 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = 'x'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

# Test for `StructureAcousticInterface` interface kernel. The domain is 3D with lengths
# 10 X 0.1 X 0.1 meters. The fluid domain is on the right and the structural domain
# is on the left. Fluid end is subjected to a 250Hz sine wave with a single peak.
# Structural domain has the same material properties as the fluid. Interface between
# structure and fluid is located at 5.0m in the x-direction. Fluid pressure is recorded
# at (5, 0.05, 0.05). Structural stress is also recorded at the same location. Fluid
# pressure and structural stress should be almost equal and opposite to each other.
#
# Input parameters:
# Dimensions = 3
# Lengths = 10 X 0.1 X 0.1 meters
# Fluid speed of sound = 1500 m/s
# Fluid density = 1e-6 Giga kg/m^3
# Structural bulk modulus = 2.25 GPa
# Structural shear modulus = 0 GPa
# Structural density = 1e-6 Giga kg/m^3
# Fluid domain = true
# Fluid BC = single peak sine wave applied as a pressure on the fluid end
# Structural domain = true
# Structural BC = Neumann BC with value zero applied on the structural end.
# Fluid-structure interface location = 5.0m along the x-direction

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 100
    ny = 1
    nz = 1
    xmax = 10
    ymax = 0.1
    zmax = 0.1
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '5.0 0.0 0.0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '10.0 0.1 0.1'
  [../]
  [./interface1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'interface1'
  [../]
[]

[GlobalParams]
[]

[Variables]
  [./p]
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./disp_x]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./disp_y]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./disp_z]
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./vel_x]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_x]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_y]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_y]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_z]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_z]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diffusion]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = 'p'
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./inertia]
    type = AcousticInertia
    variable = p
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./DynamicTensorMechanics]
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./inertia_x]
    type = InertialForce
    variable = disp_x
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./inertia_y]
    type = InertialForce
    variable = disp_y
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./inertia_z]
    type = InertialForce
    variable = disp_z
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./accel_x]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_x
    variable = accel_x
    first = false
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_x]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_x
    variable = vel_x
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_y]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_y
    variable = accel_y
    first = false
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_y]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_y
    variable = vel_y
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./accel_z]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_z
    variable = accel_z
    first = false
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./vel_z]
    type = TestNewmarkTI
    displacement = disp_z
    variable = vel_z
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface1]
    type =  StructureAcousticInterface
    variable = p
    neighbor_var = disp_x
    boundary = 'interface1'
    D = 1e-6
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./interface2]
    type =  StructureAcousticInterface
    variable = p
    neighbor_var = disp_y
    boundary = 'interface1'
    D = 1e-6
    component = 1
  [../]
  [./interface3]
    type =  StructureAcousticInterface
    variable = p
    neighbor_var = disp_z
    boundary = 'interface1'
    D = 1e-6
    component = 2
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./bottom_accel]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = p
    boundary = 'right'
    function = accel_bottom
  [../]
  [./disp_x1]
    type = NeumannBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./disp_y1]
    type = NeumannBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./disp_z1]
    type = NeumannBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0.0
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./accel_bottom]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = ../1D_struc_acoustic/Input_1Peak_highF.csv
    scale_factor = 1e-2
    format = 'columns'
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./co_sq]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = inv_co_sq
    prop_values = 4.44e-7
    block = '1'
  [../]
  [./density0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = 0
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 1e-6
  [../]
  [./elasticity_base]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    bulk_modulus = 2.25
    shear_modulus = 0.0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./strain]
    type = ComputeFiniteStrain
    block = 0
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  [../]
  [./stress]
    type =  ComputeFiniteStrainElasticStress
    block = 0
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       superlu_dist'
  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.005
  dt = 0.0001
  dtmin = 0.00001
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  l_tol = 1e-8
  l_max_its = 25
  timestep_tolerance = 1e-8
  automatic_scaling = true
  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = NewmarkBeta
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./p1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '5.0 0.05 0.05'
    variable = p
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    point = '5.0 0.05 0.05'
    variable = stress_xx
  [../]
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

# Regression test for ElectrostaticContactCondition with analytic solution with
# two blocks
#
# dim = 1D
# X = [0,2]
# Interface at X = 1
#
#   stainless_steel        graphite
# +------------------+------------------+
#
# Left BC: Potential = 1
# Right BC: Potential = 0
# Center Interface: ElectrostaticContactCondition
#

[Mesh]
  [line]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 4
    xmax = 2
  []
  [break]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = line
    block_id = 1
    block_name = 'graphite'
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 0 0'
  []
  [block_rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = break
    old_block = 0
    new_block = 'stainless_steel'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = block_rename
    primary_block = 'stainless_steel'
    paired_block = 'graphite'
    new_boundary = 'ssg_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
  [potential_stainless_steel]
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [analytic_potential_stainless_steel]
    block = stainless_steel
  []
  [analytic_potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [electric_graphite]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_graphite
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = graphite
  []
  [electric_stainless_steel]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [analytic_function_aux_stainless_steel]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel
    variable = analytic_potential_stainless_steel
    block = stainless_steel
  []
  [analytic_function_aux_graphite]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = potential_fxn_graphite
    variable = analytic_potential_graphite
    block = graphite
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [elec_left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [elec_right]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = potential_graphite
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [electric_contact_conductance_ssg]
    type = ElectrostaticContactCondition
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    neighbor_var = potential_graphite
    boundary = ssg_interface
    mean_hardness = mean_hardness
    mechanical_pressure = 3000
  []
[]

[Materials]
  #graphite (at 300 K)
  [sigma_graphite]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = electrical_conductivity
    prop_values = 73069.2
    block = graphite
  []

  #stainless_steel (at 300 K)
  [sigma_stainless_steel]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = electrical_conductivity
    prop_values = 1.41867e6
    block = stainless_steel
  []

  # harmonic mean of graphite and stainless steel hardness
  [mean_hardness]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = mean_hardness
    prop_values = 2.4797e9
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [potential_fxn_stainless_steel]
    type = ElectricalContactTestFunc
    domain = stainless_steel
  []
  [potential_fxn_graphite]
    type = ElectricalContactTestFunc
    domain = graphite
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [error_stainless_steel]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel
    block = stainless_steel
  []
  [error_graphite]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = potential_graphite
    function = potential_fxn_graphite
    block = graphite
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

postprocessor_type = InterfaceDiffusiveFluxAverage

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 6
    xmax = 3
    ny = 9
    ymax = 3
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [subdomain_id]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain_id
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [fn_exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x*x+y*y'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 1
  []
  [body_u]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 1
  []

  [diff_v]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 1
  []
  [body_v]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = v
    function = -1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [reaction]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    coeff1 = 1
    coeff2 = 2
    boundary = 'interface'
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [all]
    type = FVFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = '0 1 2 3'
    function = fn_exact
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [diffusive_flux]
    type = ${postprocessor_type}
    variable = v
    neighbor_variable = u
    diffusivity = 1
    execute_on = TIMESTEP_END
    boundary = 'interface'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = '${raw ${postprocessor_type} _fv}'
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

mu = 1.1
rho = 1.1
advected_interp_method = 'average'
velocity_interp_method = 'rc'

pressure_tag = "pressure_grad"

restricted_blocks = '1'

[Mesh]
  parallel_type = 'replicated'
  [mesh]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '7 7'
    iy = 10
    subdomain_id = '1 2'
  []
  [mid]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    input = mesh
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
  [break_top]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'top'
    n_patches = 2
    input = mid
  []
  [break_bottom]
    type = PatchSidesetGenerator
    boundary = 'bottom'
    n_patches = 2
    input = break_top
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
[]

[Problem]
  nl_sys_names = 'u_system v_system pressure_system energy_system scalar_system'
  previous_nl_solution_required = true
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolatorSegregated
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    pressure = pressure
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel_x]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 1.0
    solver_sys = u_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    initial_condition = 0.0
    solver_sys = v_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    solver_sys = pressure_system
    initial_condition = 0.2
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [T_fluid]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    initial_condition = 300
    solver_sys = energy_system
    two_term_boundary_expansion = false
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
  [scalar]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldVariable
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
    solver_sys = scalar_system
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_x
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []
  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_y
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
    extra_vector_tags = ${pressure_tag}
  []
  [p_diffusion]
    type = FVAnisotropicDiffusion
    variable = pressure
    coeff = "Ainv"
    coeff_interp_method = 'average'
  []
  [p_source]
    type = FVDivergence
    variable = pressure
    vector_field = "HbyA"
    force_boundary_execution = true
  []

  [energy_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T_fluid
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    boundaries_to_force = 'bottom_0'
  []
  [energy_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1.1
    variable = T_fluid
  []
  [energy_loss]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = T_fluid
    value = -0.1
  []

  [scalar_advection]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldAdvection
    variable = scalar
    velocity_interp_method = ${velocity_interp_method}
    advected_interp_method = ${advected_interp_method}
    boundaries_to_force = 'bottom_0'
  []
  [scalar_diffusion]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 1.0
    variable = scalar
  []
  [scalar_src]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = scalar
    value = 0.1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [inlet-u]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = vel_x
    function = '1.0'
  []
  [inlet-v]
    type = INSFVInletVelocityBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = vel_y
    function = '0.0'
  []
  [walls-u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = vel_x
    function = 0.0
  []
  [walls-v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    boundary = 'top_0'
    variable = vel_y
    function = 0.0
  []
  [outlet_p]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = pressure
    function = 0
  []
  [inlet_t]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = T_fluid
    value = 1
  []
  [outlet_scalar]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    boundary = 'middle'
    variable = scalar
    value = 1
  []
  [symmetry-u]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = vel_x
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [symmetry-v]
    type = INSFVSymmetryVelocityBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = vel_y
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [symmetry-p]
    type = INSFVSymmetryPressureBC
    boundary = 'bottom_0'
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = SIMPLENonlinearAssembly
  momentum_l_abs_tol = 1e-12
  pressure_l_abs_tol = 1e-12
  energy_l_abs_tol = 1e-12
  passive_scalar_l_abs_tol = 1e-12
  momentum_l_tol = 0
  pressure_l_tol = 0
  energy_l_tol = 0
  passive_scalar_l_tol = 0
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  momentum_systems = 'u_system v_system'
  pressure_system = 'pressure_system'
  energy_system = 'energy_system'
  passive_scalar_systems = 'scalar_system'
  pressure_gradient_tag = ${pressure_tag}
  momentum_equation_relaxation = 0.8
  pressure_variable_relaxation = 0.3
  energy_equation_relaxation = 0.99
  passive_scalar_equation_relaxation = 0.99
  num_iterations = 100
  pressure_absolute_tolerance = 1e-9
  momentum_absolute_tolerance = 1e-9
  energy_absolute_tolerance = 1e-9
  passive_scalar_absolute_tolerance = 1e-9
  print_fields = false
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [const_functor]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    rho = ${rho}
    temperature = 'T_fluid'
    block = ${restricted_blocks}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = false
  perf_graph = false
  print_nonlinear_residuals = false
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

# Strata deformation and fracturing around a coal mine
#
# A 2D geometry is used that simulates a transverse section of
# the coal mine.  The model is actually 3D, but the "x"
# dimension is only 10m long, meshed with 1 element, and
# there is no "x" displacement.  The mine is 300m deep
# and just the roof is studied (0<=z<=300).  The model sits
# between 0<=y<=450.  The excavation sits in 0<=y<=150.  This
# is a "half model": the boundary conditions are such that
# the model simulates an excavation sitting in -150<=y<=150
# inside a model of the region -450<=y<=450.  The
# excavation height is 3m (ie, the excavation lies within
# 0<=z<=3).  Mining is simulated by moving the excavation's
# roof down, until disp_z=-3 at t=1.
# Time is meaningless in this example
# as quasi-static solutions are sought at each timestep, but
# the number of timesteps controls the resolution of the
# process.
#
# The boundary conditions are:
#  - disp_x = 0 everywhere
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=0 and y=450
#  - disp_z = 0 for y>150
#  - disp_z = -3 at maximum, for 0<=y<=150.  See excav function.
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top, and prescribed at bottom.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa.  The initial stress is consistent with
# the weight force from density 2500 kg/m^3, ie, stress_zz = -0.025*(300-z) MPa
# where gravity = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.  The maximum and minimum
# principal horizontal stresses are assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Below you will see weak-plane parameters and AuxVariables, etc.
# These are not actally used in this example.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 3 MPa
# MC friction angle = 37 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa, varying down to 1 MPa when tensile strain = 1
#
[Mesh]
  [generated_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 1
    xmin = -5
    xmax = 5
    nz = 40
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 400.0
    bias_z = 1.1
    ny = 30 # make this a multiple of 3, so y=150 is at a node
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 450
  []
  [left]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 11
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = generated_mesh
  []
  [right]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 12
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = left
  []
  [front]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 13
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = right
  []
  [back]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 14
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = front
  []
  [top]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 15
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = back
  []
  [bottom]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 16
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = top
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '-5 0 0'
    top_right = '5 150 3'
    input = bottom
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    new_boundary = 21
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
  []
  [hole]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 1
    input = roof
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
  [./disp_z]
  [../]
  [./wc_x]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  [../]
  [./cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  [../]
  [./x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  [../]
  [./x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6
  [../]
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./wc_y]
  [../]
  [./wc_z]
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
  [../]
  [./mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
  [../]
[]



[BCs]
  [./no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '11 12 16 21' # note addition of 16 and 21
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = '16'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = '11 12'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./roof]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 21
    function = excav_sideways
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-0.8*2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*max(min((t/end_t*(ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
  [./excav_downwards]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*t/end_t*max(min(((ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 2.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 3.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./mc_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65 # 37deg
  [../]
  [./mc_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  [../]

  [./mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./mc_compressive_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  [../]

  [./wp_coh_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.36 # 20deg
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  [../]

  [./wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1.0
    internal_limit = 1.0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3
  [../]

  [./strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  [../]
  [./ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  [../]

  [./stress]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 0
    inelastic_models = mc
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  [../]
  [./mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  [../]
  [./wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  [../]


  [./density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./subsidence]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 400'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]
[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 30
  nl_max_its = 1000

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.2
  end_time = 0.2

[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = cosserat_mc_only
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
  exodus = true
  [./console]
    type = Console
    output_linear = false
  [../]
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
    jump_prop_name = jump
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./jump]
    type = JumpInterfaceMaterial
    var = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
    nz = 2
    zmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1'
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1'
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1 vec_tag2'
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1 vec_tag2'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 back_to_0 right top front'
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1 back_to_1'
    extra_matrix_tags = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
    extra_vector_tags = 'vec_tag1'
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./tag_variable1]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./tag_variable2]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./TagVectorAux1]
    type = TagVectorAux
    variable = tag_variable1
    v = u
    block = 0
    vector_tag = vec_tag2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  [../]

  [./TagVectorAux2]
    type = TagMatrixAux
    variable = tag_variable2
    v = v
    block = 1
    matrix_tag = mat_tag2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Problem]
  type = TagTestProblem
  test_tag_vectors =  'nontime residual vec_tag1 vec_tag2'
  test_tag_matrices = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'

  extra_tag_matrices = 'mat_tag1 mat_tag2'
  extra_tag_vectors  = 'vec_tag1 vec_tag2'
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# ========================================================================
#     The purpose of this MOOSE scripts is to solve a 2-D axisymmetric
#     problem with the following details:
#     ------------------------------------------------------------------
#     Physics: natural convection through a fluid  and heat conduction
#              in a solid and there is convective heat transfer from the
#              solid to the liquid.
#     ------------------------------------------------------------------
#     Materials: the fluid is water and the solid is not specified.
#     ------------------------------------------------------------------

#     BCS: Inlet and outlet pressure with value of 0
#          noslip conditions on the walls.
#          Heat flux on the left wall with value of 40000 W/m^2
# ========================================================================

# ========================================================================
#           Dimensions & Physical properties
# ========================================================================

Domain_length = 121.92e-2 # m
Solid_width = 0.7112e-3 # m
Liquid_width = 0.56261e-2 # m

mu = 0.00053157
rho = 987.27
k = 0.64247
k_solid = 15.0
cp = 4181.8

alpha_b = 210e-6
T_init = 300.0

input_heat_flux = 40000.0

# ========================================================================
#             The main body of the script
# ========================================================================
[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    #dx   = '0.7032625e-4  0.7112e-5'
    dx = '${Liquid_width} ${Solid_width}'
    ix = '10 3'
    dy = '${fparse 1./5.*Domain_length} ${fparse 4./5.*Domain_length}'
    iy = '30 10'
    subdomain_id = '0 1
                    0 1'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'interface'
  []
  [fluid_side]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = 'interface'
    boundaries = 'top bottom'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'rc'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [rc]
    type = INSFVRhieChowInterpolator
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    block = 0
    pressure = pressure
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel_x]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 1e-6
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = INSFVVelocityVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 1e-6
  []
  [pressure]
    type = INSFVPressureVariable
    block = 0
  []
  [T]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 0
    initial_condition = ${T_init}
    scaling = 1e-5
  []
  [Ts]
    type = INSFVEnergyVariable
    block = 1
    initial_condition = ${T_init}
    scaling = 1e-3
  []
[]

[FVKernels]

  [mass]
    type = INSFVMassAdvection
    variable = pressure
    rho = ${rho}
  []

  [u_time]
    type = INSFVMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_x
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_x
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_x
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'x'
  []
  [u_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_x
    momentum_component = 'x'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [u_buoyancy]
    type = INSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = vel_x
    T_fluid = T
    gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
    rho = ${rho}
    ref_temperature = ${T_init}
    momentum_component = 'x'
    #alpha_name = ${alpha_b}
  []

  [v_time]
    type = INSFVMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_advection]
    type = INSFVMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    momentum_component = 'y'
    #alpha_name = ${alpha_b}
  []
  [v_viscosity]
    type = INSFVMomentumDiffusion
    variable = vel_y
    mu = ${mu}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []
  [v_pressure]
    type = INSFVMomentumPressure
    variable = vel_y
    momentum_component = 'y'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [v_buoyancy]
    type = INSFVMomentumBoussinesq
    variable = vel_y
    T_fluid = T
    gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
    rho = ${rho}
    ref_temperature = ${T_init}
    momentum_component = 'y'
  []

  [temp_time]
    type = INSFVEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = T
    rho = '${rho}'
    dh_dt = dh_dt
  []
  [temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k'
    variable = T
  []
  [temp_advection]
    type = INSFVEnergyAdvection
    variable = T
  []

  [Ts_time]
    type = INSFVEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = Ts
    rho = '${rho}'
    dh_dt = dh_solid_dt
  []
  [solid_temp_conduction]
    type = FVDiffusion
    coeff = 'k_solid'
    variable = Ts
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [convection]
    type = FVConvectionCorrelationInterface
    variable1 = T
    variable2 = Ts
    boundary = 'interface'
    h = htc
    T_solid = Ts
    T_fluid = T
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
    wall_cell_is_bulk = true
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [walls_u]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = vel_x
    boundary = 'interface left bottom_to_0'
    function = 0
  []
  [walls_v]
    type = INSFVNoSlipWallBC
    variable = vel_y
    boundary = 'interface left bottom_to_0'
    function = 0
  []

  [outlet]
    type = INSFVOutletPressureBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    function = 0.0
  []

  [outlet_T]
    type = NSFVOutflowTemperatureBC
    variable = T
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    u = vel_x
    v = vel_y
    rho = ${rho}
    cp = '${cp}'
    backflow_T = ${T_init}
  []
  [Insulator]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = 'T'
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [heater]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = 'Ts'
    boundary = 'right'
    value = '${fparse input_heat_flux}'
  []
  [Insulator_solid]
    type = FVNeumannBC
    variable = 'Ts'
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [inlet_T_1]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = Ts
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
    value = ${T_init}
  []

[]

[AuxVariables]
  [Ra]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldVariable
    initial_condition = 1000.0
  []
  [htc]
    type = INSFVScalarFieldVariable
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [compute_Ra]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = Ra
    coupled_variables = 'T'
    constant_names = 'g beta T_init width nu alpha'
    constant_expressions = '9.81 ${alpha_b} ${T_init} ${Liquid_width} ${fparse mu/rho} ${fparse k/(rho*cp)}'
    expression = 'g * beta * (T - T_init) * pow(width, 3) / (nu*alpha) + 1.0'
    block = 0
  []
  [htc]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = htc
    coupled_variables = 'Ra'
    constant_names = 'Pr'
    constant_expressions = '${fparse cp*mu/k}'
    expression = '${k}* (0.68 + 0.67 * pow(Ra, 0.25)/pow(1 + pow(0.437/Pr, 9/16) ,4/9) )/ ${Liquid_width} '
    block = 0
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [functor_constants]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'cp k k_solid'
    prop_values = '${cp} ${k} ${k_solid}'
  []
  [ins_fv]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'T'
    rho = ${rho}
    block = 0
  []
  [ins_fv_solid]
    type = INSFVEnthalpyFunctorMaterial
    temperature = 'Ts'
    rho = ${rho}
    cp = ${cp}
    h = h_solid
    rho_h = rho_h_solid
    block = 1
  []
  [const_functor]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'alpha_b'
    prop_values = '${alpha_b}'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO                   200'
  line_search = 'none'

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    optimal_iterations = 20
    iteration_window = 2
  []

  nl_max_its = 30
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10

  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-09
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [max_T]
    type = ADElementExtremeFunctorValue
    functor = T
    block = 0
  []
  [max_Ts]
    type = ADElementExtremeFunctorValue
    functor = Ts
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2 + x'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D D_block0'
    prop_values = '4 3'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [convert_to_reg]
    type = MaterialFunctorConverter
    functors_in = 'D f1 u v'
    reg_props_out = 'm1 m2 m3 m4'
    outputs = 'exo'
  []
  [convert_to_ad]
    type = MaterialFunctorConverter
    functors_in = 'D f1 u v'
    ad_props_out = 'm1a m2a m3a m4a'
    outputs = 'exo'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  [exo]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'u v'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [generated]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1 1'
    dy = '4'
    ix = '1 1 1'
    iy = '40'
    subdomain_id = '1 2 1'
  []

  [interior_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = interior
    input = generated
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_x]
  []

  [disp_y]
  []

  [channel_dA]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = disp_x
    function = 'if (x < 1.5, 0.5 * (y - 2) * 0.1, 0)'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [channel_dA_aux]
    type = SpatialUserObjectAux
    variable = channel_dA
    user_object = layered_area_change
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [layered_area_change]
    type = LayeredFlowAreaChange
    direction = y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    boundary = interior
    num_layers = 40
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 50
    xmax = 4
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '2.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '4.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [left_right]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'left_right'
  []
  [right_left]
    input = left_right
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'right_left'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [fv]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = fv
    coeff = diff
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = fv
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = fv
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [left]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'diff'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = 0
  []
  [right]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'diff'
    prop_values = '2'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  line_search = 'none'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = InterfacialSource
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = displaced
  exodus = true
[]

[Functions]
  [./disp_x_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = x
  [../]
  [./disp_y_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = y
  [../]
[]

[ICs]
  [./disp_x_ic]
    function = disp_x_func
    variable = disp_x
    type = FunctionIC
  [../]
  [./disp_y_ic]
    function = disp_y_func
    variable = disp_y
    type = FunctionIC
  [../]
[]

# Strata deformation and fracturing around a coal mine
#
# A 2D geometry is used that simulates a transverse section of
# the coal mine.  The model is actually 3D, but the "x"
# dimension is only 10m long, meshed with 1 element, and
# there is no "x" displacement.  The mine is 300m deep
# and just the roof is studied (0<=z<=300).  The model sits
# between 0<=y<=450.  The excavation sits in 0<=y<=150.  This
# is a "half model": the boundary conditions are such that
# the model simulates an excavation sitting in -150<=y<=150
# inside a model of the region -450<=y<=450.  The
# excavation height is 3m (ie, the excavation lies within
# 0<=z<=3).  Mining is simulated by moving the excavation's
# roof down, until disp_z=-3 at t=1.
# Time is meaningless in this example
# as quasi-static solutions are sought at each timestep, but
# the number of timesteps controls the resolution of the
# process.
#
# The boundary conditions are:
#  - disp_x = 0 everywhere
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=0 and y=450
#  - disp_z = 0 for y>150
#  - disp_z = -3 at maximum, for 0<=y<=150.  See excav function.
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top, and prescribed at bottom.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa.  The initial stress is consistent with
# the weight force from density 2500 kg/m^3, ie, stress_zz = -0.025*(300-z) MPa
# where gravity = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.  The maximum and minimum
# principal horizontal stresses are assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 3 MPa
# MC friction angle = 37 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa, varying down to 1 MPa when tensile strain = 1
# WeakPlane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane friction angle = 30 deg
# WeakPlane dilation angle = 10 deg
# WeakPlane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane compressive strength = 100 MPa softening to 1 MPa at strain = 1
#
[Mesh]
  [generated_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 1
    xmin = -5
    xmax = 5
    nz = 40
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 400.0
    bias_z = 1.1
    ny = 30 # make this a multiple of 3, so y=150 is at a node
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 450
  []
  [left]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 11
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = generated_mesh
  []
  [right]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 12
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = left
  []
  [front]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 13
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = right
  []
  [back]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 14
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = front
  []
  [top]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 15
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = back
  []
  [bottom]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 16
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = top
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '-5 0 0'
    top_right = '5 150 3'
    input = bottom
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    new_boundary = 21
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
  []
  [hole]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 1
    input = roof
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
  [./disp_z]
  [../]
  [./wc_x]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  [../]
  [./cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  [../]
  [./x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  [../]
  [./x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6
  [../]
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./wc_y]
  [../]
  [./wc_z]
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
  [../]
  [./mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
  [../]
  [./mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
  [../]
[]



[BCs]
  [./no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '11 12 16 21' # note addition of 16 and 21
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = '16'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = '11 12'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./roof]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 21
    function = excav_sideways
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-0.8*2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*max(min((min(t/end_t,1)*(ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
  [./excav_downwards]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*min(t/end_t,1)*max(min(((ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 2.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 3.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./mc_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65 # 37deg
  [../]
  [./mc_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  [../]

  [./mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./mc_compressive_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  [../]

  [./wp_coh_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.36 # 20deg
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  [../]

  [./wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1
    internal_limit = 1.0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3
  [../]

  [./strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  [../]
  [./ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  [../]

  [./stress]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 0
    inelastic_models = 'mc wp'
    cycle_models = true
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  [../]
  [./mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  [../]
  [./wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  [../]


  [./density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./subsidence]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 400'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]
[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 30
  nl_max_its = 1000

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.2
  end_time = 0.2

[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = cosserat_mc_wp
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
  exodus = true
  [./console]
    type = Console
    output_linear = false
  [../]
[]

# This input file is used for two tests:
# 1) Check that InterfaceKernels work with mesh adaptivity
# 2) Error out when InterfaceKernels are used with adaptivity
#    and stateful material prpoerties

[Mesh]
  parallel_type = 'replicated'
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.5 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1
    [../]
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./u_neighbor]
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1
    [../]
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./forcing_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = (x*x*x)-6.0*x
  [../]

  [./bc_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = (x*x*x)
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff]
    type = MatDiffusionTest
    variable = u
    prop_name = diffusivity
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./abs]
    type = Reaction
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./forcing]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = forcing_fn
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diffn]
    type = MatDiffusionTest
    variable = u_neighbor
    prop_name = diffusivity
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./absn]
    type = Reaction
    variable = u_neighbor
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./forcingn]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u_neighbor
    function = forcing_fn
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./flux_match]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = u_neighbor
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    function = bc_fn
  [../]
  [./u_neighbor]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u_neighbor
    boundary = 'right'
    function = bc_fn
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  active = 'constant'
  [./stateful]
    type = StatefulTest
    prop_names = 'diffusivity'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = '0 1'
  [../]
  [./constant]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'diffusivity'
    prop_values = '1'
    block = '0 1'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = 'marker'
  steps = 1
  [./Markers]
    [./marker]
      type = BoxMarker
      bottom_left = '0 0 0'
      top_right = '1 1 0'
      inside = refine
      outside = coarsen
    [../]
  [../]
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  # ------------------------------------------
  # Middle layer
  # ------------------------------------------
  [ccmg]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = '${fparse refinement*2}'
    radii = '${circle_radius} ${fparse 1.2*circle_radius}'
    rings = '4 ${refinement} ${refinement}'
    has_outer_square = on
    pitch = ${pitch}
    preserve_volumes = off
    smoothing_max_it = 2
  []
  [in_between]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = ccmg
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'circle'
  []
  [delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = in_between
    block = '1'
  []
  [final_ccmg]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = delete
    old_block = '2 3'
    new_block = '0 0'
  []
  [left]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${x_min}'
    xmax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    ymin = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    ymax = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*2}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*4+2}'
  []
  [right]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    xmax = '${x_max}'
    ymin = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    ymax = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*40}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*4+2}'
  []
  [combined_middle]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'final_ccmg left right'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = 'left right; right left'
    clear_stitched_boundary_ids = false
    prevent_boundary_ids_overlap = true
    merge_boundaries_with_same_name = true
  []

  [middle_top_sideset]
    input = combined_middle
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > ${fparse pitch/2-rundoff}'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'middle_top'
  []
  [middle_bottom_sideset]
    input = middle_top_sideset
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y < ${fparse -pitch/2+rundoff}'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'middle_bottom'
  []
  # ------------------------------------------
  # Top layer
  # ------------------------------------------
  [top_left_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${x_min}'
    xmax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    ymin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    ymax = '${y_max}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*2}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2+1}'
  []
  [top_middle_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    xmax = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    ymin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    ymax = '${y_max}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*4+2}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2+1}'
  []
  [top_right_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    xmax = '${x_max}'
    ymin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    ymax = '${y_max}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*40}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2+1}'
  []
  [combined_top]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'top_middle_block top_left_block top_right_block'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = 'left right; right left'
    prevent_boundary_ids_overlap = true
    merge_boundaries_with_same_name = true
  []
  [top_bottom_sideset]
    input = combined_top
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y < ${fparse pitch/2+rundoff}'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'top_bottom'
  []
  [combined_middle_top]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'top_bottom_sideset middle_bottom_sideset'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = 'top_bottom middle_top'
    clear_stitched_boundary_ids = false
    prevent_boundary_ids_overlap = true
    merge_boundaries_with_same_name = true
  []
  [create_fused_top_sideset]
    input = combined_middle_top
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > ${fparse y_max-rundoff}'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'top_boundary'
  []
  # ------------------------------------------
  # Bottom layer
  # ------------------------------------------
  [bottom_left_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${x_min}'
    xmax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    ymin = '${y_min}'
    ymax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*2}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2}'
  []
  [bottom_middle_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    xmax = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    ymin = '${y_min}'
    ymax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*4+2}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2}'
  []
  [bottom_right_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = '${fparse pitch/2}'
    xmax = '${x_max}'
    ymin = '${y_min}'
    ymax = '${fparse -pitch/2}'
    nx = '${fparse refinement*40}'
    ny = '${fparse refinement*2}'
  []
  [combined_bottom]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'bottom_middle_block bottom_left_block bottom_right_block'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = 'left right; right left'
    prevent_boundary_ids_overlap = true
    merge_boundaries_with_same_name = true
  []
  [bottom_top_sideset]
    input = combined_bottom
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > ${fparse -pitch/2-rundoff}'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'bottom_top'
  []
  [combined_final]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'create_fused_top_sideset bottom_top_sideset'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = 'middle_bottom bottom_top'
    clear_stitched_boundary_ids = false
    prevent_boundary_ids_overlap = true
    merge_boundaries_with_same_name = true
  []
  [create_fused_bottom_sideset]
    input = combined_final
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y < ${fparse y_min+rundoff}'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'bottom_boundary'
  []
  # ------------------------------------------
  # Left and right boundaries
  # ------------------------------------------
  [create_fused_left_sideset]
    input = create_fused_bottom_sideset
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < ${fparse x_min+rundoff}'
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'left_boundary'
  []
  [create_fused_right_sideset]
    input = create_fused_left_sideset
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > ${fparse x_max-rundoff}'
    normal = '1 0 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'right_boundary'
  []
  [sideset_removal]
    input = create_fused_right_sideset
    type = BoundaryDeletionGenerator
    boundary_names = 'bottom top left right middle_bottom middle_top bottom_top top_bottom'
  []
[]

# Base input for testing transfers. It has the following complexities:
# - more than one subapp
# - transfers both from and to the subapps
# - both nodal and elemental variables
# - subapp meshes are not aligned with the main app
# Tests derived from this input may add complexities through command line arguments

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < 0.5 & y < 0.5'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_sub]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_sub]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '1 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_sub_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '2 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
  verbose_multiapps = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_sub to_sub_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

[MultiApps]
  [sub]
    # 1 on corner, one in the center and one close to a corner
    # The subapp mesh is a 0.3-sized cube, no overlap
    positions = '0.2222 0 0 0.61111 0.311111 0.31111 0.76666 0.111111 0.81111'
    type = TransientMultiApp
    app_type = MooseTestApp
    input_files = sub.i
    execute_on = timestep_end
    # Facilitates debugging
    output_in_position = true
  []
[]

[Transfers]
  # Boundary restrictions are added in the tests specification
  [to_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldShapeEvaluationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_sub
    variable = from_main
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [to_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldShapeEvaluationTransfer
    to_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_sub_elem
    variable = from_main_elem
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [from_sub]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldShapeEvaluationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_main
    variable = from_sub
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []

  [from_sub_elem]
    type = MultiAppGeneralFieldShapeEvaluationTransfer
    from_multi_app = sub
    source_variable = to_main_elem
    variable = from_sub_elem
    extrapolation_constant = -1
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [eg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '2 1 1'
    dy = '2 3'
    dz = '0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7'
    ix = '2 1 1'
    iy = '2 3'
    iz = '1 1 1 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 1 1 1
                    1 2 0 1
                    0 1 1 1
                    2 2 2 2
                    3 3 1 3
                    1 1 1 1'
  []
  [sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = eg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = sideset_1
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineSidesetGenerator
    input = sideset
    boundaries = 'sideset_1'
    refinement = '2'
    boundary_side = 'both'
    enable_neighbor_refinement = false
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cartesian]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    dx = '0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1'
    ix = '  1  3  4  3   1'
    dy = '0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1'
    iy = '  1  3  4  3   1'
    dz = '0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1'
    iz = ' 1   8   2   1'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1 1 1
                    1 15 15 15 1
                    1 15 1 15 1
                    1 15 15 15 1
                    1 1 1 1 1

                    1 12 12 12 1
                    11 0 103 0  14
                    11 104 2 102  14
                    11 0 101 0  14
                    1 13 13 13 1

                    1 12 12 12 1
                    11 0 0 0  14
                    11 0 105 0  14
                    11 0 0 0  14
                    1 13 13 13 1

                    1 1 1 1 1
                    1 16 16 16 1
                    1 16 16 16 1
                    1 16 16 16 1
                    1 1 1 1 1'
  []

  [left_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 11
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = left_interior_wall
    input = cartesian
  []

  [right_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 14
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = right_interior_wall
    input = left_interior
  []

  [bottom_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 12
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = bottom_interior_wall
    input = right_interior
  []

  [top_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 13
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = top_interior_wall
    input = bottom_interior
  []

  [front_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 15
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = front_interior_wall
    input = top_interior
  []

  [back_interior]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 16
    paired_block = '0 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_boundary = back_interior_wall
    input = front_interior
  []

  [pillar_left]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 104
    new_boundary = pillar_left
    input = 'back_interior'
  []

  [pillar_right]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 102
    new_boundary = pillar_right
    input = 'pillar_left'
  []

  [pillar_bottom]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 103
    new_boundary = pillar_bottom
    input = 'pillar_right'
  []

  [pillar_top]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 101
    new_boundary = pillar_top
    input = 'pillar_bottom'
  []

  [pillar_back]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 105
    new_boundary = pillar_back
    input = 'pillar_top'
  []

  [rename_block]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '2 11 12 13 14 15 16 101 102 103 104 105'
    new_block = '2 1  1  1  1  1  1  0   0   0   0   0'
    input = 'pillar_back'
  []
[]

[GrayDiffuseRadiation]
  [cavity]
    sidesets = '6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    emissivity = '0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 eps_fn 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8'
    n_patches = '5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5'
    partitioners = 'metis metis metis metis metis metis metis metis metis metis metis'
    temperature = temperature
    ray_tracing_face_order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [eps_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0.8
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 300
    block = '1 2'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [hc]
    type = HeatConduction
    variable = temperature
    block = '1 2'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = left
    value = 500
  []

  [front]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temperature
    boundary = front
    value = 300
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hcmat]
    type = HeatConductionMaterial
    thermal_conductivity = 25.0
    specific_heat = 490.0
    block = '1 2'
  []

  [density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density'
    prop_values = '80'
    block = '1 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 50
    ny = 50
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 50
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 50
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [./left_side]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '24.9 50 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./right_side]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '25.1 0 0'
    top_right = '50 50 0'
    input = left_side
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = right_side
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./c]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [./unique_regions]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  [../]
[]

[ICs]
  [./c]
    type = SpecifiedSmoothCircleIC
    variable = c
    invalue = 1.0
    outvalue = 0.0
    radii =       '4    5  10'
    x_positions = '25   25 25'
    y_positions = '37.5 25 0'
    z_positions = '0    0  0'
    int_width = 2.0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./flood_count]
    type = FeatureFloodCount
    variable = c

    # Must be turned on to build data structures necessary for FeatureVolumeVPP
    compute_var_to_feature_map = true
    threshold = 0.001
    execute_on = INITIAL
  [../]
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [./features]
    type = FeatureVolumeVectorPostprocessor
    flood_counter = flood_count

    # Turn on centroid output
    output_centroids = true
    execute_on = INITIAL
    boundary = 10
    single_feature_per_element = false
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = c
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./unique_regions]
    type = FeatureFloodCountAux
    variable = unique_regions
    flood_counter = flood_count
    field_display = UNIQUE_REGION
  [../]
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = INITIAL
[]

# Strata deformation and fracturing around a coal mine
#
# A 2D geometry is used that simulates a transverse section of
# the coal mine.  The model is actually 3D, but the "x"
# dimension is only 10m long, meshed with 1 element, and
# there is no "x" displacement.  The mine is 300m deep
# and just the roof is studied (0<=z<=300).  The model sits
# between 0<=y<=450.  The excavation sits in 0<=y<=150.  This
# is a "half model": the boundary conditions are such that
# the model simulates an excavation sitting in -150<=y<=150
# inside a model of the region -450<=y<=450.  The
# excavation height is 3m (ie, the excavation lies within
# 0<=z<=3).  Mining is simulated by moving the excavation's
# roof down, until disp_z=-3 at t=1.
# Time is meaningless in this example
# as quasi-static solutions are sought at each timestep, but
# the number of timesteps controls the resolution of the
# process.
#
# The boundary conditions are:
#  - disp_x = 0 everywhere
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=0 and y=450
#  - disp_z = 0 for y>150
#  - disp_z = -3 at maximum, for 0<=y<=150.  See excav function.
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top, and prescribed at bottom.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa.  The initial stress is consistent with
# the weight force from density 2500 kg/m^3, ie, stress_zz = -0.025*(300-z) MPa
# where gravity = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.  The maximum and minimum
# principal horizontal stresses are assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Below you will see Drucker-Prager parameters and AuxVariables, etc.
# These are not actally used in this example.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# Weak-plane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# Weak-plane friction angle = 20 deg
# Weak-plane dilation angle = 10 deg
# Weak-plane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# Weak-plane compressive strength = 100 MPa, varying down to 1 MPa when tensile strain = 1
#
[Mesh]
  [generated_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 1
    xmin = -5
    xmax = 5
    nz = 40
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 400
    bias_z = 1.1
    ny = 30 # make this a multiple of 3, so y=150 is at a node
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 450
  []
  [left]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 11
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = generated_mesh
  []
  [right]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 12
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = left
  []
  [front]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 13
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = right
  []
  [back]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 14
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = front
  []
  [top]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 15
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = back
  []
  [bottom]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 16
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = top
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '-5 0 0'
    top_right = '5 150 3'
    input = bottom
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    new_boundary = 21
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
  []
  [hole]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 1
    input = roof
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
  [./disp_z]
  [../]
  [./wc_x]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  [../]
  [./cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  [../]
  [./x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  [../]
  [./x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6
  [../]
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./wc_y]
  [../]
  [./wc_z]
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./dp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = dp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = dp_shear
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = dp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = dp_tensile
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
  [../]
  [./dp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = dp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = dp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = dp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = dp_tensile_f
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
  [../]
[]



[BCs]
  [./no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '11 12 16 21' # note addition of 16 and 21
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = '16'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = '11 12'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./roof]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 21
    function = excav_sideways
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-0.8*2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-2500*10E-6*(400-z)'
  [../]
  [./excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*max(min((t/end_t*(ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
  [./excav_downwards]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'end_t ymin ymax  e_h  closure_dist'
    symbol_values = '1.0   0    150.0 -3.0 15.0'
    expression = 'e_h*t/end_t*max(min(((ymax-ymin)+ymin-y)/closure_dist,1),0)'
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./dp_coh_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 2.9 # MPa
    value_residual = 3.1 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./dp_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65 # 37deg
  [../]
  [./dp_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65
  [../]

  [./dp_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.4 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./dp_compressive_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1.0E3 # Large!
  [../]

  [./drucker_prager_model]
    type = SolidMechanicsPlasticDruckerPrager
    mc_cohesion = dp_coh_strong_harden
    mc_friction_angle = dp_fric
    mc_dilation_angle = dp_dil
    internal_constraint_tolerance = 1 # irrelevant here
    yield_function_tolerance = 1      # irrelevant here
  [../]

  [./wp_coh_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.36 # 20deg
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  [../]

  [./wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.1
    internal_limit = 10
  [../]
  [./wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1.0
    internal_limit = 1.0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3
  [../]

  [./strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  [../]
  [./ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  [../]

  [./stress]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 0
    inelastic_models = 'wp'
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  [../]
  [./dp]
    type = CappedDruckerPragerCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = dp
    DP_model = drucker_prager_model
    tensile_strength = dp_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = dp_compressive_str
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    tip_smoother = 0.1E1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1E1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  [../]
  [./wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  [../]


  [./density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./subsidence]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 400'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]
[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 30
  nl_max_its = 1000

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.2
  end_time = 0.2

[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = cosserat_wp_only
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
  exodus = true
  [./console]
    type = Console
    output_linear = false
  [../]
[]

# Regression test for ElectrostaticContactCondition with analytic solution with
# three blocks
#
# dim = 1D
# X = [0,3]
# Interfaces at X = 1 and X = 2
#
#   stainless_steel        graphite        stainless_steel
# +------------------+------------------+------------------+
#
# Left BC: Potential = 1
# Right BC: Potential = 0
# Left Interface: ElectrostaticContactCondition (primary = stainless_steel)
# Right Interface: ElectrostaticContactCondition (primary = graphite)
#

[Mesh]
  [line]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 6
    xmax = 3
  []
  [break_center]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = line
    block_id = 1
    block_name = 'graphite'
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 0 0'
  []
  [break_right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = break_center
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '2 0 0'
    top_right = '3 0 0'
  []
  [ssg_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_right
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'ssg_interface'
  []
  [gss_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = ssg_interface
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'gss_interface'
  []
  [block_rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = gss_interface
    old_block = '0 2'
    new_block = 'stainless_steel_left stainless_steel_right'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
  [potential_stainless_steel_left]
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [potential_stainless_steel_right]
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [analytic_potential_stainless_steel_left]
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [analytic_potential_stainless_steel_right]
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []
  [analytic_potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [electric_graphite]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_graphite
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = graphite
  []
  [electric_stainless_steel_left]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_left
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [electric_stainless_steel_right]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_right
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [analytic_function_aux_stainless_steel_left]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel_left
    variable = analytic_potential_stainless_steel_left
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [analytic_function_aux_stainless_steel_right]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel_right
    variable = analytic_potential_stainless_steel_right
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []
  [analytic_function_aux_graphite]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = potential_fxn_graphite
    variable = analytic_potential_graphite
    block = graphite
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [elec_left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_left
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [elec_right]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_right
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [electric_contact_conductance_ssg]
    type = ElectrostaticContactCondition
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_left
    neighbor_var = potential_graphite
    boundary = ssg_interface
    mean_hardness = mean_hardness
    mechanical_pressure = 3000
  []
  [electric_contact_conductance_gss]
    type = ElectrostaticContactCondition
    variable = potential_graphite
    neighbor_var = potential_stainless_steel_right
    boundary = gss_interface
    mean_hardness = mean_hardness
    mechanical_pressure = 3000
  []
[]

[Materials]
  #graphite (at 300 K)
  [sigma_graphite]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = electrical_conductivity
    prop_values = 73069.2
    block = graphite
  []

  #stainless_steel (at 300 K)
  [sigma_stainless_steel_left]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = electrical_conductivity
    prop_values = 1.41867e6
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [sigma_stainless_steel_right]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = electrical_conductivity
    prop_values = 1.41867e6
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []

  # harmonic mean of graphite and stainless steel hardness
  [mean_hardness]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = mean_hardness
    prop_values = 2.4797e9
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [potential_fxn_stainless_steel_left]
    type = ElectricalContactTestFunc
    domain = stainless_steel
    three_block = true
    three_block_side = left
  []
  [potential_fxn_stainless_steel_right]
    type = ElectricalContactTestFunc
    domain = stainless_steel
    three_block = true
    three_block_side = right
  []
  [potential_fxn_graphite]
    type = ElectricalContactTestFunc
    domain = graphite
    three_block = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [error_stainless_steel_left]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_left
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel_left
    block = stainless_steel_left
  []
  [error_graphite]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = potential_graphite
    function = potential_fxn_graphite
    block = graphite
  []
  [error_stainless_steel_right]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = potential_stainless_steel_right
    function = potential_fxn_stainless_steel_right
    block = stainless_steel_right
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [box]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    dy = '0.25 0.5 0.25'
    ix = '20 20'
    iy = '10 20 10'
    subdomain_id = '1 1
                    2 3
                    1 1'
  []
  [rename_subdomains]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = box
    old_block = '1 2'
    new_block = 'stainless_steel graphite'
  []
  [create_interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = rename_subdomains
    primary_block = stainless_steel
    paired_block = graphite
    new_boundary = 'ssg_interface'
  []
  [delete_block]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = create_interface
    block = 3
  []
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[Variables]
  [potential_graphite]
    block = graphite
  []
  [potential_stainless_steel]
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [electric_graphite]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_graphite
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = graphite
  []
  [electric_stainless_steel]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    diffusivity = electrical_conductivity
    block = stainless_steel
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [elec_top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    boundary = top
    value = 1
  []
  [elec_bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    boundary = bottom
    value = 0
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [electrostatic_contact]
    type = ElectrostaticContactCondition
    variable = potential_stainless_steel
    neighbor_var = potential_graphite
    boundary = ssg_interface
    primary_conductivity = electrical_conductivity
    secondary_conductivity = electrical_conductivity
    mean_hardness = mean_hardness
    mechanical_pressure = 8.52842e10  # resulting contact conductance should be ~1.47e5 as described in Cincotti et al (https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11102)
  []
[]

[Materials]
  #graphite
  [sigma_graphite]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'electrical_conductivity'
    prop_values = 3.33e2
    block = graphite
  []

  #stainless_steel
  [sigma_stainless_steel]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'electrical_conductivity'
    prop_values = 1.429e6
    block = stainless_steel
  []

  #mean hardness
  [harmonic_mean_hardness]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'mean_hardness'
    prop_values = 2.4797e9
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-09
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_grmres_restart -sub_ksp_type -sub_pc_type -pc_asm_overlap'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm         101   preonly   ilu      1'
  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./interface_again]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'primary1_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff0]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff1]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = u
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 4
    D_neighbor = 2
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [ccmg]
    type = ConcentricCircleMeshGenerator
    num_sectors = 6
    radii = '0.2546 0.3368'
    rings = '4 3 4'
    has_outer_square = on
    pitch = 1
    preserve_volumes = off
    smoothing_max_it = 3
  []
  [rename_left]
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    input = ccmg
    old_boundary = 'left'
    new_boundary = '101'
  []
  [left]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '5'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '100'
    iy = '16'
  []
  [move_it]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = left
    transform = translate
    vector_value = '-5.5 -0.5 0'
  []
  [rename_middle]
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    input = move_it
    old_boundary = 'right'
    new_boundary = '102'
  []
  [stitch]
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    inputs = 'rename_left rename_middle'
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '101 102'
  []
  [in_between]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = stitch
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'no_circle'
  []
  [delete]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = in_between
    block = '1'
  []
  [create_fused_top_sideset_l]
    input = delete
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > 0.49'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 103
  []
  [top_left_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    xmin = -5.5
    xmax = -0.5
    ymin = 0.5
    ymax = ${fparse 0.5 + 2. / 16.}
    nx = 100
    ny = 2
    dim = 2
  []
  [rename_top_left_block]
    input = top_left_block
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '0'
    new_block = '100'
  []
  [rename_middle_2]
    input = rename_top_left_block
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    old_boundary = 'right'
    new_boundary = '104'
  []
  [top_middle_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    xmin = -0.5
    xmax = 0.5
    ymin = 0.5
    ymax = ${fparse 0.5 + 2. / 16.}
    nx = 16
    ny = 2
    dim = 2
  []
  [rename_top_middle_block]
    input = top_middle_block
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = '0'
    new_block = '101'
  []
  [rename_left_2]
    input = rename_top_middle_block
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    old_boundary = 'left'
    new_boundary = '105'
  []
  [stitch_2]
    inputs = 'rename_middle_2 rename_left_2'
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '104 105'
  []
  [create_fused_bottom_sideset]
    input = stitch_2
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y < 0.51'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 106
  []
  [stitch_3]
    inputs = 'create_fused_top_sideset_l create_fused_bottom_sideset'
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '103 106'
  []
  [rename_extension]
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    input = no_slip_bottom
    old_boundary = 'extension'
    new_boundary = '111'
  []
  [extension]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '5'
    dy = '1'
    ix = '100'
    iy = '16'
  []
  [move_it_2]
    type = TransformGenerator
    input = extension
    transform = translate
    vector_value = '5.5 -0.5 0'
  []
  [stitch_4]
    inputs = 'rename_middle rename_extension'
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '102 111'
  []
  [create_fused_top_sideset_r]
    input = stitch_4
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > .49'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 113
  []
  [top_right_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    xmin = 0.5
    xmax = 5.5
    ymin = 0.5
    ymax = ${fparse 0.5 + 2. / 16.}
    nx = 100
    ny = 2
    dim = 2
  []
  [rename_top_right_block]
    input = top_right_block
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block = 'top_right_block'
    new_block = '110'
  []
  [rename_extension_2]
    input = rename_top_right_block
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    old_boundary = 'rename_extension'
    new_boundary = '115'
  []
  [stitch_5]
    inputs = 'rename_middle_2 rename_extension_2'
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '104 115'
  []
  [stitch_6]
    inputs = 'create_fused_bottom_sideset create_fused_top_sideset_r'
    type = StitchedMeshGenerator
    stitch_boundaries_pairs = '106 113'
  []
  [no_slip_top]
    input = stitch_6
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y > .615'
    normal = '0 1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'no_slip_top'
  []
  [no_slip_bottom]
    input = no_slip_top
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'y < -0.49'
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'no_slip_bottom'
  []
  [inlet]
    input = no_slip_bottom
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 5.49'
    normal = '1 0 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'inlet'
  []
  [outlet]
    input = inlet
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < -5.49'
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    new_sideset_name = 'outlet'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
  order = FIRST
  preset = false
  use_displaced_mesh = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 3.0
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1.0
    nx = 10
    ny = 15
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [subdomain1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0.0 0.5 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '3.0 1.0 0'
    input = gmg
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'master0_interface'
    input = subdomain1
  []
  [break_boundary]
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
    input = interface
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [vel]
    block = 0
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  []
  [p]
    block = 0
    order = FIRST
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [vel_x_solid]
    block = 1
  []
  [vel_y_solid]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p
    block = 0
  []
  [mass_pspg]
    type = INSADMassPSPG
    variable = p
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_time]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = vel
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_convection]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = vel
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_viscous]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = vel
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_pressure]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = vel
    pressure = p
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_supg]
    type = INSADMomentumSUPG
    variable = vel
    material_velocity = relative_velocity
    block = 0
  []
  [momentum_mesh]
    type = INSADMomentumMeshAdvection
    variable = vel
    disp_x = 'disp_x'
    disp_y = 'disp_y'
    block = 0
  []
  [disp_x_fluid]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = disp_x
    block = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [disp_y_fluid]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = disp_y
    block = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [accel_tensor_x]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
    v = vel_x_solid
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [accel_tensor_y]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
    v = vel_y_solid
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [vxs_time_derivative_term]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_x_solid
    v = disp_x
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [vys_time_derivative_term]
    type = CoupledTimeDerivative
    variable = vel_y_solid
    v = disp_y
    block = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [source_vxs]
    type = MatReaction
    variable = vel_x_solid
    block = 1
    reaction_rate = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [source_vys]
    type = MatReaction
    variable = vel_y_solid
    block = 1
    reaction_rate = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [penalty]
    type = ADPenaltyVelocityContinuity
    variable = vel
    fluid_velocity = vel
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y'
    solid_velocities = 'vel_x_solid vel_y_solid'
    boundary = master0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  []
[]

[Physics/SolidMechanics/QuasiStatic]
  [solid_domain]
    strain = SMALL
    incremental = false
    # generate_output = 'strain_xx strain_yy strain_zz' ## Not at all necessary, but nice
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 1e2
    poissons_ratio = 0.3
    block = '1'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [small_stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
    block = 1
  []
  [const]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 0
    prop_names = 'rho mu'
    prop_values = '1  1'
  []
  [ins_mat]
    type = INSADTauMaterial
    velocity = vel
    pressure = p
    block = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [fluid_bottom]
    type = ADVectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = vel
    boundary = 'bottom'
    function_x = 0
    function_y = 0
  []
  [fluid_left]
    type = ADVectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = vel
    boundary = 'left_to_0'
    function_x = 'inlet_func'
    function_y = 0
    # The displacements actually affect the result of the function evaluation so in order to eliminate the impact
    # on the Jacobian we set 'use_displaced_mesh = false' here
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [no_disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'bottom top left_to_1 right_to_1 left_to_0 right_to_0'
    value = 0
  []
  [no_disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'bottom top left_to_1 right_to_1 left_to_0 right_to_0'
    value = 0
  []
  [solid_x_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_x_solid
    boundary = 'top left_to_1 right_to_1'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [solid_y_no_slip]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = vel_y_solid
    boundary = 'top left_to_1 right_to_1'
    value = 0.0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 5
  # num_steps = 60
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 0.1
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO'
  line_search = none
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Functions]
  [inlet_func]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '(-16 * (y - 0.25)^2 + 1) * (1 + cos(t))'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    xmin = -1
    xmax = 1
    ymin = -1
    ymax = 1
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    nz = 6
  []
  [left]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'gen'
    block_id = 1
    block_name = 'left'
    bottom_left = '-1 -1 0'
    top_right = '0 1 1'
  []
  [right]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = 'left'
    block_id = 2
    block_name = 'right'
    bottom_left = '0 -1 0'
    top_right = '1 1 1'
  []
  [moving_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'right'
    new_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
    primary_block = 'left'
    paired_block = 'right'
  []
[]

[MeshModifiers]
  [moving_circle]
    type = CoupledVarThresholdElementSubdomainModifier
    coupled_var = 'phi'
    block = 2
    criterion_type = 'ABOVE'
    threshold = 0.5
    subdomain_id = 1
    moving_boundaries = 'moving_boundary'
    moving_boundary_subdomain_pairs = 'left right'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [moving_gauss]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'exp(-((x+0.5-t)^2+(y)^2)/0.25)'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [phi]
    [AuxKernel]
      type = ParsedAux
      expression = 'exp(-((x+0.5-t)^2+(y)^2)/0.25)'
      use_xyzt = true
      execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_BEGIN'
    []
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  steps = 1
  marker = 'marker'
  initial_marker = 'marker'
  max_h_level = 1
  [Indicators/indicator]
    type = GradientJumpIndicator
    variable = 'phi'
  []
  [Markers]
    [efm]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = 'indicator'
      coarsen = 0.2
      refine = 0.5
    []
    [marker]
      type = BoundaryPreservedMarker
      preserved_boundary = 'moving_boundary'
      marker = 'efm'
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Strata deformation and fracturing around a coal mine
#
# A 2D geometry is used that simulates a transverse section of
# the coal mine.  The model is actually 3D, but the "x"
# dimension is only 10m long, meshed with 1 element, and
# there is no "x" displacement.  The mine is 400m deep
# and just the roof is studied (0<=z<=400).  The model sits
# between 0<=y<=450.  The excavation sits in 0<=y<=150.  This
# is a "half model": the boundary conditions are such that
# the model simulates an excavation sitting in -150<=y<=150
# inside a model of the region -450<=y<=450.  The
# excavation height is 3m (ie, the excavation lies within
# 0<=z<=3).
#
# Time is meaningless in this example
# as quasi-static solutions are sought at each timestep, but
# the number of timesteps controls the resolution of the
# process.
#
# The boundary conditions for this elastic simulation are:
#  - disp_x = 0 everywhere
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=0 and y=450
#  - disp_z = 0 for y>150
#  - wc_x = 0 at y=0 and y=450.
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top,
# and prescribed at bottom in the unexcavated portion.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa.  The initial stress is consistent with
# the weight force from density 2500 kg/m^3, ie, stress_zz = -0.025*(300-z) MPa
# where gravity = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.  The maximum and minimum
# principal horizontal stresses are assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# This is an elastic simulation, but the weak-plane and Drucker-Prager
# parameters and AuxVariables may be found below.  They are irrelevant
# in this simulation.  The weak-plane and Drucker-Prager cohesions,
# tensile strengths and compressive strengths have been set very high
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
#
[Mesh]
  [generated_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 1
    xmin = -5
    xmax = 5
    nz = 40
    zmin = 0
    zmax = 403.003
    bias_z = 1.1
    ny = 30 # make this a multiple of 3, so y=150 is at a node
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 450
  []
  [left]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 11
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = generated_mesh
  []
  [right]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 12
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = left
  []
  [front]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 13
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = right
  []
  [back]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 14
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = front
  []
  [top]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 15
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = back
  []
  [bottom]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    new_boundary = 16
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = top
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '-5 0 0'
    top_right = '5 150 3'
    input = bottom
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    new_boundary = 21
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
  []
  [hole]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    block = 1
    input = roof
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [./disp_y]
  [../]
  [./disp_z]
  [../]
  [./wc_x]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  [../]
  [./cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  [../]
  [./x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  [../]
  [./x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6 # remember this is in MPa
  [../]
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [./disp_x]
  [../]
  [./wc_y]
  [../]
  [./wc_z]
  [../]
  [./stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  [../]
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [./stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./stress_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./stress_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
  [../]
  [./stress_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
  [../]
  [./stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  [../]
  [./dp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = dp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = dp_shear
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = dp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = dp_tensile
  [../]
  [./wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
  [../]
  [./dp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = dp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = dp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./dp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = dp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = dp_tensile_f
  [../]
  [./wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
  [../]
  [./wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
  [../]
[]



[BCs]
  [./no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = '11 12'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = '16'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
  [./no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = '11 12'
    value = 0.0
  [../]
[]

[Functions]
  [./ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-0.8*2500*10E-6*(403.003-z)'
  [../]
  [./ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-2500*10E-6*(403.003-z)'
  [../]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [./dp_coh_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 2.9 # MPa
    value_residual = 3.1 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./dp_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65 # 37deg
  [../]
  [./dp_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.65
  [../]

  [./dp_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.4 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  [../]
  [./dp_compressive_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1.0E3 # Large!
  [../]

  [./drucker_prager_model]
    type = SolidMechanicsPlasticDruckerPrager
    mc_cohesion = dp_coh_strong_harden
    mc_friction_angle = dp_fric
    mc_dilation_angle = dp_dil
    internal_constraint_tolerance = 1 # irrelevant here
    yield_function_tolerance = 1      # irrelevant here
  [../]

  [./wp_coh]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1E12
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_fric]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.36 # 20deg
  [../]
  [./wp_tan_dil]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  [../]

  [./wp_tensile_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1E12
  [../]
  [./wp_compressive_str]
    type = SolidMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1E12
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
  [../]
  [./strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  [../]
  [./ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  [../]

  [./stress]
    # this is needed so as to correctly apply the initial stress
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 0
    inelastic_models = ''
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  [../]
  [./dp]
    type = CappedDruckerPragerCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = dp
    DP_model = drucker_prager_model
    tensile_strength = dp_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = dp_compressive_str
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    tip_smoother = 0.1E1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1E1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  [../]
  [./wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    block = 0
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.1
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  [../]


  [./density]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./subs_max]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 403.003'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'Linear'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 30
  nl_max_its = 1000

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 1.0
  end_time = 1.0

[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = cosserat_elastic
  time_step_interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = false
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  console = true
  #[./console]
  #  type = Console
  #  output_linear = false
  #[../]
[]

[Mesh]
  inactive = 'refine'
  # U-shaped domains to have internal boundaries in
  # a variety of directions
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 1 1'
    dy = '3 1'
    ix = '4 5 3'
    iy = '12 4'
    subdomain_id = '1 2 1
                    1 1 1'
  []
  [internal_boundary_dir1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = cmg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 'inside_1'
  []
  [internal_boundary_dir2]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_dir1
    primary_block = 2
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'inside_2'
  []
  [refine]
    type = RefineBlockGenerator
    input = internal_boundary_dir2
    block = '1 2'
    refinement = '2 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v1]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    [FVInitialCondition]
      type = FVFunctionIC
      function = 'x + y'
    []
  []
  [v2]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 2
    [FVInitialCondition]
      type = FVFunctionIC
      function = '2*x*x - y'
    []
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [f1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'exp(x - y)'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [m1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'm1'
    prop_values = 'f1'
  []
  [m2]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'm2'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 12
                               2 4'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = '1'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 3
    value = 0
  []

  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 1
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Mesh external boundaries integration
  [ext_u]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = u
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_u_int]
    type = ADSideIntegralFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = u
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_u_area]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
  []
  [ext_u_diff]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'ext_u ext_u_int ext_u_area'
    function = 'ext_u - ext_u_int/ext_u_area'
  []
  [ext_v1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left right'
    functor = v1
  []
  [ext_v2]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'top'
    functor = v2
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_f1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = f1
    prefactor = f1
  []
  [ext_m1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = m1
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []
  [ext_m2]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = 'left top right'
    functor = m2
    restrict_to_functors_domain = true
  []

  # Internal to the mesh, but a side to the variables
  # With orientation of normal 1->2
  [int_s1_u]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = u
  []
  [int_s1_v1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = v1
  []
  [int_s1_f1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = f1
  []
  [int_s1_m1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = m1
  []
  [int_s1_m2]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_1
    functor = m2
  []
  # With orientation of normal 2->1
  [int_s2_v2]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = v2
  []
  [int_s2_f1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = f1
  []
  [int_s2_m1]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = m1
  []
  [int_s2_m2]
    type = SideAverageFunctorPostprocessor
    boundary = inside_2
    functor = m2
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'subdomain1'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
    initial_condition = 4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    block = '0'
    diffusivity = D
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    # D = D
    # D_neighbor = D
    penalty = 1e3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = PJFNK
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_forced_its = 2
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = 'u'
    value_type = 'min'
    block = '0'
  []
  [max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = 'u'
    block = '0'
  []
[]

# Transient-state test for the InterfaceReaction kernel.
#
# Same to steady-state, except the following
#
# Natural BCs are applied (i.e. NewmannBC h=0 at left and right)

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'subdomain1'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    diffusivity = D
    variable = u
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    diffusivity = D
    variable = v
    block = '1'
  [../]
  [./diff_u_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
    block = '0'
  [../]
  [./diff_v_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v
    block = '1'
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    block = '0'
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    D = D
    D_neighbor = D
  [../]
  [./interface_reaction]
    type = InterfaceReaction
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    kf = 1 # Forward reaction rate coefficient
    kb = 2 # Backward reaction rate coefficient
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  [../]
  [./block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 0.1
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 2'
    dy = '1.3'
    ix = '5 10'
    iy = '3'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []
  [mid]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'mid'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diffu]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 1
  []
  [diffv]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 2
    block = 1
  []
  [source]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = v
    value = 1
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = left
    value = 4
  []
  [mid]
    type = FVADFunctorDirichletBC
    variable = u
    functor = v
    functor_only_defined_on_other_side = true
    ghost_layers = 3
    boundary = mid
  []
  [right]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = right
    value = 0.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'Newton'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [u_sample]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 'u'
    start_point = '0.01 0.3 0'
    end_point = '0.99 0.3 0'
    num_points = 4
    sort_by = x
  []
  [v_sample]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 'v'
    start_point = '1.01 0.3 0'
    end_point = '1.99 0.3 0'
    num_points = 4
    sort_by = x
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [middle]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    new_boundary = middle
    paired_block = 1
    primary_block = 0
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
[]

# This is added to have sufficient ghosting layers, see #19534
[FVKernels]
  [diff]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = 'dummy'
    coeff = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    [FVInitialCondition]
      type = FVFunctionIC
      function = '4 * (x - 7) * (x - 8)'
    []
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  # to trigger off-boundary element computations
  [to_var]
    type = ADMaterialRealAux
    variable = 'u'
    property = coeff
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [coeff_mat]
    type = ADPiecewiseConstantByBlockMaterial
    prop_name = 'coeff'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '0 4
                               1 2'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # to trigger on boundary element computations
  [flux]
    type = ADNonFunctorSideDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    boundary = left
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 'coeff'
  []

  # to trigger ghost evaluations
  [flux_mid]
    type = ADInterfaceDiffusiveFluxIntegral
    boundary = middle
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 'coeff'
    coeff_interp_method = average
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  # To get level of ghosting
  [console]
    type = Console
    system_info = 'framework mesh aux nonlinear execution relationship'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  active = 'gmg'

  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    dx = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '1 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []

  [internal]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gmg
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  active = 'study'

  [study]
    type = RepeatableRayStudy
    start_points = '0 0 0'
    directions = '1 0 0'
    names = 'ray'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  []

  [end_study]
    type = RepeatableRayStudy
    start_points = '0 0 0'
    end_points = '0.25 0 0'
    names = 'ray'
    execute_on = INITIAL
    ray_kernel_coverage_check = false
  []
[]

[RayKernels]
  active = ''

  [kill]
    type = KillRayKernel
  []
  [change_after_kill]
    type = ChangeRayRayKernelTest
    change_start_direction = true
    depends_on = kill
  []

  [change]
    type = ChangeRayRayKernelTest
    change_start_direction = true
  []
  [change_again]
    type = ChangeRayRayKernelTest
    change_start_direction = true
  []

  [change_out_of_elem]
    type = ChangeRayRayKernelTest
    change_start_out_of_elem = true
  []

  [change_zero]
    type = ChangeRayRayKernelTest
    change_direction_zero = true
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
  [break]
    type = BreakMeshByBlockGenerator
    input = interface
  []
  displacements = 'disp_x'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_x][]
[]

[ICs]
  [right]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = disp_x
    block = 1
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  []

  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [penalty_interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [area]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    boundary = 'right'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    ix = '50 50'
    dx = '1 1'
    subdomain_id = '0 1'
  []
  [sds]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = gmg
    new_boundary = 'between'
    paired_block = '1'
    primary_block = '0'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  nl_sys_names = 'u v'
  error_on_jacobian_nonzero_reallocation = true
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    solver_sys = 'u'
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    solver_sys = 'v'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 3.0
  []
  [force_u]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 5
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 1.0
  []
  [force_v]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = v
    function = 5
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [diff_ik]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = 'between'
    coeff1 = 3
    coeff2 = 1
    subdomain1 = 0
    subdomain2 = 1
  []
  [diff_ik_v]
    type = FVDiffusionInterface
    variable1 = v
    variable2 = u
    boundary = 'between'
    coeff1 = 1
    coeff2 = 3
    subdomain1 = 1
    subdomain2 = 0
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left_u]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [right_v]
    type = FVDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = right
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [u]
    type = SMP
    nl_sys = u
    petsc_options = '-snes_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  []
  [v]
    type = SMP
    nl_sys = v
    petsc_options = '-snes_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = SteadySolve2
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  first_nl_sys_to_solve = 'u'
  second_nl_sys_to_solve = 'v'
  number_of_iterations = 200
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  print_nonlinear_residuals = false
  print_linear_residuals = false
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 2
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 4
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 0.1*t
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusionDot
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  [../]
  [./v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  [../]
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [./u_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./v_int]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = TRUE
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist                '
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10
  dtmin = 0.1
  line_search = none
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = true
[]

PorousFlowDictatorName = 'dictator'

[GlobalParams]
  time_unit = days
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  use_displaced_mesh = false
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  material_coverage_check = false
[]

[Mesh]
  active_block_names = 'BaseMesh Box1'
  [BaseMesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    subdomain_name = 'BaseMesh'
    elem_type = "TET10"
    dim = 3
    nx = 6
    ny = 6
    nz = 2
    xmin = -10
    xmax = +10
    ymin = -10
    ymax = +10
    zmin = -2
    zmax = +2
  []
  [Box1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = "BaseMesh"
    block_id = 1
    block_name = "Box1"
    location = "INSIDE"
    bottom_left = "-3.3 -3.3 +2"
    top_right = "+3.3 +3.3 0"
  []
  [Box1Boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = Box1
    primary_block = 'BaseMesh'
    paired_block = 'Box1'
    new_boundary = 'Box1Boundary'
  []
[]

[Physics]
  [SolidMechanics]
    [QuasiStatic]
      [all]
        strain = SMALL
        incremental = true
        block = ${Mesh/active_block_names}
      []
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 'BaseMesh'
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 'BaseMesh'
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 'BaseMesh'
  []
[]

[PorousFlowFullySaturated]
  coupling_type = HydroMechanical
  porepressure = porepressure
  biot_coefficient = 1
  fp = simple_fluid
  stabilization = FULL
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  add_darcy_aux = false
  dictator_name = ${PorousFlowDictatorName}
  block = 'BaseMesh'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
    scaling = 1e-5
    block = 'BaseMesh'
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '2'
    block = 'BaseMesh'
  []
[]

[BCs]

  [fix_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'left right'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [fix_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'bottom top'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [fix_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = 'back'
    value = 0.0
  []

  [porepressure_fix]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'left right bottom top'
    value = 2.0
  []

  [porepressure_Box1Boundary]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'Box1Boundary'
    function = porepressure_at_Box1Boundary
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [porepressure_at_Box1Boundary]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2 + max(0, min(1, t-0.25))'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [simple_fluid]
    type = SimpleFluidProperties
    bulk_modulus = 2E3
    density0 = 1000
    thermal_expansion = 0
    viscosity = 9.0E-10
  []
[]

[Materials]

  [porosity_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    block = ${Mesh/active_block_names}
    porosity = 0.15
    PorousFlowDictator = ${PorousFlowDictatorName}
  []

  [undrained_density_0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = ${Mesh/active_block_names}
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  []

  [BaseMesh_permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 'BaseMesh'
    permeability = '1e-5 0 0 0 1e-5 0 0 0 1e-5'
    PorousFlowDictator = ${PorousFlowDictatorName}
  []

  [BaseMesh_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'BaseMesh'
    youngs_modulus = 2500
    poissons_ratio = 0.15
  []

  [Box1_permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 'Box1'
    permeability = '1e-5 0 0 0 1e-5 0 0 0 1e-5'
    PorousFlowDictator = ${PorousFlowDictatorName}
  []

  [Box1_elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    block = 'Box1'
    youngs_modulus = 2500
    poissons_ratio = 0.15
  []

  [stress]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
    inelastic_models = ''
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
    tangent_operator = 'nonlinear'
    block = ${Mesh/active_block_names}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [.\SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = PJFNK

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'

  # best overall
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'

  line_search = none

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6

  l_max_its = 20
  nl_max_its = 8

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 0.5
  [TimeSteppers]
    [ConstantDT1]
      type = ConstantDT
      dt = 0.25
    []
  []

  [Quadrature]
    type = SIMPSON
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen_mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 10
    nx = 50
  []
  [left]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = 'gen_mesh'
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < 0.5'
    block_id = '2'
  []
  [middle_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'left'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [v]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    block = 2
  []
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [v_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = v
    function = 'if (x > 2 & x < 3, 0.5, 0)'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  # Twice the kernel makes it not the Burgers equation, but shows the ordering
  [2_burger]
    type = FVBurgers1D
    variable = v
  []
  [1_burgers]
    type = FVBurgers1D
    variable = v
  []
  [time]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = v
  []
  [time_u]
    type = FVTimeKernel
    variable = u
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [fv_burgers_right]
    type = FVBurgersOutflowBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'middle'
  []
  [fv_burgers_left]
    type = FVBurgersOutflowBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left'
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  [diff_ik]
    type = FVOnlyAddDiffusionToOneSideOfInterface
    variable1 = 'v'
    variable2 = 'u'
    boundary = 'middle'
    coeff2 = '1'
    subdomain1 = '2'
    subdomain2 = '0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 0.05
  nl_forced_its = 1
  line_search = none
[]

[Debug]
  show_execution_order = 'LINEAR'
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

# Steady-state test for the ADMatInterfaceReaction kernel.
#
# Specie M transport from domain 1 (0<=x<=1) to domain 2 (1<x<=2),
# u and v are concentrations in domain 1 and domain 2.
#
# Diffusion in both domains can be described by Ficks law and diffusion
# kernel is applied.
#
# Specie M has different diffusity in different domains, here set as D1=4, D2=2.
#
# Dirichlet boundary conditions are applied, i.e., u(0)=1, v(2)=0
#
# At the interface consider the following
#
# (a) Fluxes are matched from both domains (InterfaceDiffusion kernel)
#
# (b) First-order reaction is R = kf*u - kb*v = 0
#
# This results in the interfacial conditions
#
# -D1 du = -D2 dv
#   kf*u = kb*v
#
# Analytical solution is
# u = -0.2*u+1,    0<=u<=1
# v = -0.4*v+0.8,  1<v<=2

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'subdomain1'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '0'
  []
  [v]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = u
    block = '0'
    diffusivity = D
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = v
    block = '1'
    diffusivity = D
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    D = D
    D_neighbor = D
  []
  [interface_reaction]
    type = ADMatInterfaceReaction
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    forward_rate = forward_rate
    backward_rate = backward_rate
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [block0]
    type = 'ADGenericConstantMaterial'
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'forward_rate backward_rate'
    prop_values = '1.0 2.0'
  []
  [block01]
    type = 'GenericConstantMaterial'
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '4'
  []
  [block1]
    type = 'ADGenericConstantMaterial'
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'forward_rate backward_rate'
    prop_values = '1.0 2.0'
  []
  [block11]
    type = 'GenericConstantMaterial'
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'D'
    prop_values = '2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = true
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [elemental_error_u]
    type = ElementL2Error
    function = -0.2*x+1
    variable = 'u'
    block = '0'
  []
  [elemental_error_v]
    type = ElementL2Error
    function = -0.4*x+0.8
    variable = 'v'
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 2
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    nx = 16
    ny = 8
    elem_type = QUAD9
  []
  [./corner_node_0]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    coord = '0 0 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./corner_node_1]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_1'
    coord = '1 0 0'
    input = corner_node_0
  [../]
  [./subdomain1]
    input = corner_node_1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface0]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface0'
  [../]
  [./interface1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface0
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface1'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [velocity0]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
    block = 0
  []
  [T0]
    order = SECOND
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1.0
    []
    block = 0
  []
  [p0]
    block = 0
  []

  [velocity1]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
    block = 1
  []
  [T1]
    order = SECOND
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1.0
    []
    block = 1
  []
  [p1]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [./mass0]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_time0]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_convection0]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_viscous0]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./momentum_pressure0]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_time0]
    type = INSADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_advection0]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T0
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./temperature_conduction0]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T0
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
    block = 0
  [../]

  [./mass1]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_time1]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = velocity1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_convection1]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_viscous1]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./momentum_pressure1]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity1
    pressure = p1
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_time1]
    type = INSADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_advection1]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T1
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./temperature_conduction1]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T1
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
    block = 1
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./no_slip0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0 interface0 left'
  [../]
  [./lid0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    function_x = 'lid_function0'
  [../]
  [./T_hot0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./pressure_pin0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = p0
    boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./no_slip1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity1
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1 interface1 right'
  [../]
  [./lid1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity1
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    function_x = 'lid_function1'
  [../]
  [./T_hot1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T1
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T1
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./pressure_pin1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = p1
    boundary = 'pinned_node_1'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./const]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'rho mu cp k'
    prop_values = '1  1  1  .01'
  [../]
  [ins_mat0]
    type = INSAD3Eqn
    velocity = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    temperature = T0
    block = 0
  []
  [ins_mat1]
    type = INSAD3Eqn
    velocity = velocity1
    pressure = p1
    temperature = T1
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
    # We pick a function that is exactly represented in the velocity
    # space so that the Dirichlet conditions are the same regardless
    # of the mesh spacing.
  [./lid_function0]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*x*(1-x)'
  [../]
  [./lid_function1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*(x-1)*(2-x)'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  # Run for 100+ timesteps to reach steady state.
  num_steps = 5
  dt = .5
  dtmin = .5
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_levels -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      2               ilu          4                     NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-13
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 500
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 20
    xmax = 2
  []
  [./subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  [../]
  [./interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u]
    block = '0'
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  [../]
  [./v]
    block = '1'
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  [../]
  [w]
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [./diff_u]
    type = VectorDiffusion
    variable = u
    block = 0
  [../]
  [./diff_v]
    type = VectorDiffusion
    variable = v
    block = 1
  [../]
  [diff_w]
    type = VectorDiffusion
    variable = w
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./interface]
    type = ADVectorCoupledInterfacialSource
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    var_source = w
    boundary = primary0_interface
    D = 1
    D_neighbor = 1
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./left]
    type = VectorDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    values = '0 0 0'
  [../]
  [./right]
    type = VectorDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    values = '10 0 0'
  [../]
  [./middle]
    type = ADVectorMatchedValueBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'primary0_interface'
    v = u
  [../]
  [w_left]
    type = VectorDirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'left'
    values = '0 0 0'
  []
  [w_right]
    type = VectorDirichletBC
    variable = w
    boundary = 'right'
    values = '4 0 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
  []
  [split]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = mesh
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = split
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 0
    new_boundary = 'interface0'
  []
  uniform_refine = 4
[]

[Variables]
  [T]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [Tbulk]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 300 # K
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff]
    type = MatDiffusion
    variable = T
    diffusivity = conductivity
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = T
    value = 1.0
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  [dg_diff]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = T
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    diff = conductivity
    exclude_boundary = 'interface0'
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [gap_var]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferKernel
    variable = T
    neighbor_var = T
    boundary = 'interface0'
    Tbulk_var = Tbulk
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Defining temperature dependent fucntion for conductivity across side set
  [kgap]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 't / 200'
  []
  [bc_func]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 300
  []
  [exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '
            A := if(x < 1, -0.5, -0.25);
            B := if(x < 1, -0.293209850655001, 0.0545267662299068);
            C := if(x < 1, 300.206790149345, 300.19547323377);
            d := -1;
            A * (x+d) * (x+d) + B * (x+d) + C'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_left]
    type = DGFunctionDiffusionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = T
    diff = 'conductivity'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    function = bc_func
  []
  [bc_right]
    type = DGFunctionDiffusionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = T
    diff = 'conductivity'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
    function = bc_func
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [k0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 1.0
    block = 0
  []
  [k1]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'conductivity'
    prop_values = 2.0
    block = 1
  []
  [gap_mat]
    type = SideSetHeatTransferMaterial
    boundary = 'interface0'
    # Using temperature dependent function for gap conductivity
    conductivity_temperature_function = kgap
    # Variable to evaluate conductivity with
    gap_temperature = Tbulk
    gap_length = 1.0
    h_primary = 1
    h_neighbor = 1
    emissivity_primary = 1
    emissivity_neighbor = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [error]
    type = ElementL2Error
    variable = T
    function = exact
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 2
    ymin = 0
    ymax = 1
    nx = 16
    ny = 8
    elem_type = QUAD9
  []
  [./corner_node_0]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    coord = '0 0 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./corner_node_1]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node_1'
    coord = '1 0 0'
    input = corner_node_0
  [../]
  [./subdomain1]
    input = corner_node_1
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1 0 0'
    top_right = '2 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  [../]
  [./break_boundary]
    input = subdomain1
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  [../]
  [./interface0]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = break_boundary
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'interface0'
  [../]
  [./interface1]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = interface0
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'interface1'
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [velocity0]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE_VEC
  []
  [T0]
    order = SECOND
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 1.0
    []
  []
  [p0]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [./mass0]
    type = INSADMass
    variable = p0
  [../]
  [./momentum_time0]
    type = INSADMomentumTimeDerivative
    variable = velocity0
  [../]
  [./momentum_convection0]
    type = INSADMomentumAdvection
    variable = velocity0
  [../]
  [./momentum_viscous0]
    type = INSADMomentumViscous
    variable = velocity0
  [../]
  [./momentum_pressure0]
    type = INSADMomentumPressure
    variable = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    integrate_p_by_parts = true
  [../]
  [./temperature_time0]
    type = INSADHeatConductionTimeDerivative
    variable = T0
  [../]
  [./temperature_advection0]
    type = INSADEnergyAdvection
    variable = T0
  [../]
  [./temperature_conduction0]
    type = ADHeatConduction
    variable = T0
    thermal_conductivity = 'k'
  [../]
[]

[BCs]
  [./no_slip0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0 interface0 left'
  [../]
  [./lid0]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    function_x = 'lid_function0'
  [../]
  [./T_hot0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_0'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'top_to_0'
    value = 0
  [../]
  [./pressure_pin0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = p0
    boundary = 'pinned_node_0'
    value = 0
  [../]

  [./no_slip1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1 interface1 right'
  [../]
  [./lid1]
    type = VectorFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = velocity0
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    function_x = 'lid_function1'
  [../]
  [./T_hot1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'bottom_to_1'
    value = 1
  [../]
  [./T_cold1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = T0
    boundary = 'top_to_1'
    value = 0
  [../]
[]

[Materials]
  [./const]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'rho mu cp k'
    prop_values = '1  1  1  .01'
  [../]
  [ins_mat0]
    type = INSAD3Eqn
    velocity = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    temperature = T0
    block = '0'
  []
  [ins_mat1]
    type = INSAD3Eqn
    velocity = velocity0
    pressure = p0
    temperature = T0
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Functions]
    # We pick a function that is exactly represented in the velocity
    # space so that the Dirichlet conditions are the same regardless
    # of the mesh spacing.
  [./lid_function0]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*x*(1-x)'
  [../]
  [./lid_function1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '4*(x-1)*(2-x)'
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  # Run for 100+ timesteps to reach steady state.
  num_steps = 5
  dt = .5
  dtmin = .5
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_levels -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm      2               ilu          4                     NONZERO'
  line_search = 'none'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-13
  nl_max_its = 6
  l_tol = 1e-6
  l_max_its = 500
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
    ny = 2
    ymax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [interface]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = subdomain1
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
  [break_boundary]
    input = interface
    type = BreakBoundaryOnSubdomainGenerator
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = 0
  []
  [v]
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = u
    D = 4
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = CoeffParamDiffusion
    variable = v
    D = 2
    block = 1
  []
  [source_u]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    value = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [interface]
    type = PenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [u]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left_to_0 bottom_to_0 right top'
  []
  [v]
    type = VacuumBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'left_to_1 bottom_to_1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  residual_and_jacobian_together = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 5
    ny = 5
    nz = 5
    xmax = 0.3
    ymax = 0.3
    zmax = 0.3
  []
  [add_block]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = gmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x > 0.22 & y < 0.23'
    block_id = 1
  []
  [add_internal_sideset]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = add_block
    primary_block = 0
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = internal
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [from_main]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [from_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    initial_condition = -1
  []
  [to_main]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '3 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
  [to_main_elem]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = '4 + 2*x*x + 3*y*y*y'
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [to_main]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = x
    num_layers = 10
    variable = to_main
  []
  [to_main_elem]
    type = LayeredAverage
    direction = x
    num_layers = 10
    variable = to_main_elem
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    hide = 'to_main to_main_elem'
    overwrite = true
  []
[]

#
# This test demonstrates an InterfaceKernel set that can enforce the componentwise
# continuity of the gradient of a variable using the Lagrange multiplier method.
#

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 20
    ny = 10
    ymax = 0.5
  []
  [./box1]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '0.51 1 0'
    input = gen
  [../]
  [./box2]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 2
    bottom_left = '0.49 0 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    input = box1
  [../]
  [./iface_u]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 1
    paired_block = 2
    new_boundary = 10
    input = box2
  [../]
[]

[Variables]
  [./u2]
    block = 1
    [./InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'r:=sqrt((x-0.4)^2+(y-0.5)^2);if(r<0.05,5,1)'
    [../]
  [../]
  [./v2]
    block = 2
    initial_condition = 0.8
  [../]
  [./lambda]
  [../]
[]

[Kernels]
  [./u2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./u2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u2
    block = 1
  [../]
  [./v2_diff]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./v2_dt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = v2
    block = 2
  [../]
  [./lambda]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = lambda
  [../]
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [./iface]
    type = InterfaceDiffusionBoundaryTerm
    boundary = 10
    variable = u2
    neighbor_var = v2
  [../]
  [./lambda]
    type = EqualGradientLagrangeMultiplier
    variable = lambda
    boundary = 10
    element_var = u2
    neighbor_var = v2
    component = 0
  [../]
  [./constraint]
    type = EqualGradientLagrangeInterface
    boundary = 10
    lambda = lambda
    variable = u2
    neighbor_var = v2
    component = 0
  [../]
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [./smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  [../]
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [./uv]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 'u2 v2'
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '1 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 100
  [../]
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  petsc_options_iname = '-pctype -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm    lu          nonzero                    nonzero'

  dt = 0.002
  num_steps = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  hide = lambda
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 2
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface_primary_side]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary_interface'
  []
  [interface_secondary_side]
    input = interface_primary_side
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '1'
    paired_block = '0'
    new_boundary = 'secondary_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 0
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [v]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    block = 1
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [diff_left]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = u
    coeff = 'left'
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_right]
    type = FVDiffusion
    variable = v
    coeff = 'right'
    block = 1
  []
  [body_left]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = u
    function = 'forcing'
    block = 0
  []
  [body_right]
    type = FVBodyForce
    variable = v
    function = 'forcing'
    block = 1
  []
[]

[FVInterfaceKernels]
  # This will add a flux term for variable1, e.g. u
  [interface]
    type = FVOnlyAddDiffusionToOneSideOfInterface
    variable1 = u
    variable2 = v
    boundary = 'primary_interface'
    subdomain1 = '0'
    subdomain2 = '1'
    coeff2 = 'right'
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    function = 'exact'
  []
  [right]
    type = FVFunctionDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    function = 'exact'
  []
  [middle]
    # by adding a dirichlet BC we ensure that flux kernels will run for variable v
    type = FVADUseFunctorSideForSsfDirichletBC
    variable = v
    functor = u
    boundary = 'secondary_interface'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [block0]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '0'
    prop_names = 'left'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
  [block1]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    block = '1'
    prop_names = 'right'
    prop_values = '1'
  []
  [composite]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'composite'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '0 u 1 v'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'asm lu NONZERO'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

[Functions]
  [exact]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '3*x^2 + 2*x + 1'
  []
  [forcing]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '-6'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [error]
    type = ElementL2FunctorError
    approximate = composite
    exact = exact
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [h]
    type = AverageElementSize
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  [gmg]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = -1
    xmax = 1
    ymin = -1
    ymax = 1
    nx = 10
    ny = 10
    elem_type = QUAD9
  []
  [left]
    type = ParsedSubdomainMeshGenerator
    input = 'gmg'
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x < 0.5'
    block_id = '2'
  []
  [middle_boundary]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'left'
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'middle'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [forcing_fnu]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -5.8*(x+y)+x*x*x-x+y*y*y-y
  []
  [forcing_fnv]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -4
  []

  [slnu]
    type = ParsedGradFunction
    expression = x*x*x-x+y*y*y-y
    grad_x = 3*x*x-1
    grad_y = 3*y*y-1
  []
  [slnv]
    type = ParsedGradFunction
    expression = x*x+y*y
    grad_x = 2*x
    grad_y = 2*y
  []

  # NeumannBC functions
  [bc_fnut]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 3*y*y-1
  []
  [bc_fnub]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -3*y*y+1
  []
  [bc_fnul]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = -3*x*x+1
  []
  [bc_fnur]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 3*x*x-1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = THIRD
    family = HIERARCHIC
  []
  [v]
    order = SECOND
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
  []
  [test1]
    type = CoupledConvection
    variable = u
    velocity_vector = v
  []
  [diff2]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = v
  []
  [react]
    type = Reaction
    variable = u
  []

  [forceu]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = u
    function = forcing_fnu
  []
  [forcev]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = v
    function = forcing_fnv
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [bc_v]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = v
    function = slnv
    boundary = 'left right top bottom'
  []
  [bc_u_tb]
    type = CoupledKernelGradBC
    variable = u
    var2 = v
    vel = '0.1 0.1'
    boundary = 'top bottom left right'
  []
  [bc_ul]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnul
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [bc_ur]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnur
    boundary = 'right'
  []
  [bc_ut]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnut
    boundary = 'top'
  []
  [bc_ub]
    type = FunctionNeumannBC
    variable = u
    function = bc_fnub
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
[]

[Dampers]
  active = ''
  [limit_v]
    type = BoundingValueElementDamper
    variable = v
    max_value = 1.5
    min_value = -20
  []
  [limit_u]
    type = BoundingValueElementDamper
    variable = u
    max_value = 1.5
    min_value = -20
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [diff_ik_2]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = 'u'
    neighbor_var = 'v'
    boundary = 'middle'
  []
  [diff_ik_1]
    type = InterfaceDiffusion
    variable = 'v'
    neighbor_var = 'u'
    boundary = 'middle'
  []
[]

[DGKernels]
  [diff_dg_2]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = 'u'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
  []
  [diff_dg_1]
    type = DGDiffusion
    variable = 'u'
    epsilon = -1
    sigma = 6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source_2]
    type = FunctionDiracSource
    variable = 'u'
    point = '0.1 0.1 0'
    function = 'x + y'
  []
  [source_1]
    type = FunctionDiracSource
    variable = 'u'
    point = '0.1 0.1 0'
    function = 'x + y'
    block = '2'
  []
  [source_0]
    type = FunctionDiracSource
    variable = 'u'
    # in block 0, but since it's not block restricted it shows up as active in
    # block 2 as well
    point = '0.6 0.5 0'
    function = 'x + y'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [diff]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'D D_neighbor'
    prop_values = '0 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-15
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-13
[]

[Debug]
  show_execution_order = 'NONE ALWAYS INITIAL NONLINEAR LINEAR TIMESTEP_BEGIN TIMESTEP_END FINAL'
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 10
    xmax = 2
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '1.0 0 0'
    block_id = 1
    top_right = '2.0 1.0 0'
  []
  [interface]
    input = subdomain1
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = '0'
    paired_block = '1'
    new_boundary = 'primary0_interface'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    block = '0'
  []
  [v]
    block = '1'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff_u]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = u
    diffusivity = 4
    block = 0
  []
  [diff_v]
    type = ADMatDiffusion
    variable = v
    diffusivity = 2
    block = 1
  []
[]

[InterfaceKernels]
  [penalty_interface]
    type = ADPenaltyInterfaceDiffusion
    variable = u
    neighbor_var = v
    boundary = primary0_interface
    penalty = 1e6
    jump_prop_name = "jump"
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [bulk]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'functor_var_mat_prop'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '0 u 1 v'
  []
  [bulk_traditional]
    type = ScalarPropFromFunctorProp
    functor = 'functor_var_mat_prop'
    prop = 'var_mat_prop'
  []
  [jump]
    type = PropertyJumpInterfaceMaterial
    property = var_mat_prop
    boundary = primary0_interface
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = ADDirichletBC
    variable = v
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]