FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFluxBC

Advective Darcy flux boundary condition

This boundary condition implements the strong form of $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-f5c63187-5b81-426b-ad7b-fa1e09b8c7ba");katex.render(" -\\nabla\\cdot \\sum_{\\beta}\\chi_{\\beta}^{\\kappa} \\rho_{\\beta}\\frac{k\\,k_{\\mathrm{r,}\\beta}}{\\mu_{\\beta}}(\\nabla P_{\\beta} - \\rho_{\\beta} \\mathbf{g})", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ on the boundary where all parameters are defined in the nomenclature.

Input Parameters

PorousFlowDictatorThe PorousFlowDictator UserObject
C++ Type:UserObjectName
Controllable:No
Description:The PorousFlowDictator UserObject
boundaryThe list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this object applies
C++ Type:std::vector<BoundaryName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this object applies
porepressure_valueThe porepressure value on the boundary
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The porepressure value on the boundary
variableThe name of the variable that this boundary condition applies to
C++ Type:NonlinearVariableName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the variable that this boundary condition applies to

Required Parameters

displacementsThe displacements
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The displacements
fluid_component0The fluid component for this BC
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The fluid component for this BC
gravity0 0 -9.81Gravity vector. Defaults to (0, 0, -9.81)
Default:0 0 -9.81
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Gravity vector. Defaults to (0, 0, -9.81)
matrix_onlyFalseWhether this object is only doing assembly to matrices (no vectors)
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether this object is only doing assembly to matrices (no vectors)
phase0The fluid phase for this BC
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The fluid phase for this BC

Optional Parameters

absolute_value_vector_tagsThe tags for the vectors this residual object should fill with the absolute value of the residual contribution
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Controllable:No
Description:The tags for the vectors this residual object should fill with the absolute value of the residual contribution
extra_matrix_tagsThe extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Controllable:No
Description:The extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill
extra_vector_tagsThe extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Controllable:No
Description:The extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
matrix_tagssystemThe tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
Default:system
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Options:nontime, system
Controllable:No
Description:The tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
vector_tagsnontimeThe tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill
Default:nontime
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Options:nontime, time
Controllable:No
Description:The tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill

Contribution To Tagged Field Data Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
search_methodnearest_node_connected_sidesChoice of search algorithm. All options begin by finding the nearest node in the primary boundary to a query point in the secondary boundary. In the default nearest_node_connected_sides algorithm, primary boundary elements are searched iff that nearest node is one of their nodes. This is fast to determine via a pregenerated node-to-elem map and is robust on conforming meshes. In the optional all_proximate_sides algorithm, primary boundary elements are searched iff they touch that nearest node, even if they are not topologically connected to it. This is more CPU-intensive but is necessary for robustness on any boundary surfaces which has disconnections (such as Flex IGA meshes) or non-conformity (such as hanging nodes in adaptively h-refined meshes).
Default:nearest_node_connected_sides
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Options:nearest_node_connected_sides, all_proximate_sides
Controllable:No
Description:Choice of search algorithm. All options begin by finding the nearest node in the primary boundary to a query point in the secondary boundary. In the default nearest_node_connected_sides algorithm, primary boundary elements are searched iff that nearest node is one of their nodes. This is fast to determine via a pregenerated node-to-elem map and is robust on conforming meshes. In the optional all_proximate_sides algorithm, primary boundary elements are searched iff they touch that nearest node, even if they are not topologically connected to it. This is more CPU-intensive but is necessary for robustness on any boundary surfaces which has disconnections (such as Flex IGA meshes) or non-conformity (such as hanging nodes in adaptively h-refined meshes).
use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Advanced Parameters

prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.

Material Property Retrieval Parameters

Input Files

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated_fv.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fv.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/fluidflower/fluidflower.i)

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated_fv.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase fully saturated - transient FV model

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    type = MooseVariableFVReal
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass0]
    type = FVPorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [simple_fluid]
    type = SimpleFluidProperties
    bulk_modulus = 2e9
    density0 = 1000
    thermal_expansion = 0
    viscosity = 1e-3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = ADPorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 293
  []
  [ppss]
    type = ADPorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = ADPorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = ADPorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = ADPorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = ADPorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFluxBC
    boundary = left
    porepressure_value = 3E6
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p005]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '5 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p015]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '15 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p025]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '25 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p035]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '35 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p045]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '45 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p055]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '55 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p065]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '65 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p075]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '75 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p085]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '85 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p095]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '95 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_fv
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fv.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient FV model

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass0]
    type = FVPorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [simple_fluid]
    type = SimpleFluidProperties
    bulk_modulus = 2e9
    density0 = 1000
    thermal_expansion = 0
    viscosity = 1e-3
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = ADPorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 293
  []
  [ppss]
    type = ADPorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = ADPorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = ADPorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = ADPorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = ADPorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [left]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFluxBC
    boundary = left
    porepressure_value = 3E6
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p005]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '5 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p015]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '15 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p025]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '25 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p035]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '35 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p045]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '45 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p055]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '55 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p065]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '65 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p075]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '75 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p085]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '85 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p095]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '95 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_fv
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/fluidflower/fluidflower.i)

# FluidFlower International Benchmark study model
# CSIRO 2023
#
# This example can be used to reproduce the results presented by the
# CSIRO team as part of this benchmark study. See
# Green, C., Jackson, S.J., Gunning, J., Wilkins, A. and Ennis-King, J.,
# 2023. Modelling the FluidFlower: Insights from Characterisation and
# Numerical Predictions. Transport in Porous Media.
#
# This example takes a long time to run! The large density contrast
# between the gas phase CO2 and the water makes convergence very hard,
# so small timesteps must be taken during injection.
#
# This example uses a simplified mesh in order to be run during the
# automated testing. To reproduce the results of the benchmark study,
# replace the simple layered input mesh with the one located in the
# large_media submodule.
#
# The mesh file contains:
# - porosity as given by FluidFlower description
# - permeability as given by FluidFlower description
# - subdomain ids for each sand type
#
# The nominal thickness of the FluidFlower tank is 19mm. To keep masses consistent
# with the experiment, porosity and permeability are multiplied by the thickness
thickness = 0.019
#
# Properties associated with each sand type associated with mesh block ids
#
# block 0 - ESF (very fine sand)
sandESF = '0 10 20'
sandESF_pe = 1471.5
sandESF_krg = 0.09
sandESF_swi = 0.32
sandESF_krw = 0.71
sandESF_sgi = 0.14

# block 1 - C - Coarse lower
sandC = '1 21'
sandC_pe = 294.3
sandC_krg = 0.05
sandC_swi = 0.14
sandC_krw = 0.93
sandC_sgi = 0.1

# block 2 - D - Coarse upper
sandD = '2 22'
sandD_pe = 98.1
sandD_krg = 0.02
sandD_swi = 0.12
sandD_krw = 0.95
sandD_sgi = 0.08

# block 3 - E - Very Coarse lower
sandE = '3 13 23'
sandE_pe = 10
sandE_krg = 0.1
sandE_swi = 0.12
sandE_krw = 0.93
sandE_sgi = 0.06

# block 4 - F - Very Coarse upper
sandF = '4 14 24 34'
sandF_pe = 10
sandF_krg = 0.11
sandF_swi = 0.12
sandF_krw = 0.72
sandF_sgi = 0.13

# block 5 - G - Flush Zone
sandG = '5 15 35'
sandG_pe = 10
sandG_krg = 0.16
sandG_swi = 0.1
sandG_krw = 0.75
sandG_sgi = 0.06

# block 6 - Fault 1 - Heterogeneous
fault1 = '6 26'
fault1_pe = 10
fault1_krg = 0.16
fault1_swi = 0.1
fault1_krw = 0.75
fault1_sgi = 0.06

# block 7 - Fault 2 - Impermeable
# Note: this fault has been removed from the mesh (no elements in this region)

# block 8 - Fault 3 - Homogeneous
fault3 = '8'
fault3_pe = 10
fault3_krg = 0.16
fault3_swi = 0.1
fault3_krw = 0.75
fault3_sgi = 0.06

# Top layer
top_layer = '9'

# Boxes A, B an C used to report values (sg, sgr, xco2, etc)
boxA = '10 13 14 15 34 35'
boxB = '20 21 22 23 24 26'
boxC = '34 35'

# Furthermore, the seal sand unit in boxes A and B
seal_boxA = '10'
seal_boxB = '20'

# CO2 injection details:
# CO2 density ~1.8389 kg/m3 at 293.15 K, 1.01325e5 Pa
# Injection in Port (9, 3) for 5 hours.
# Injection in Port (17, 7) for 2:45 hours.
# Injection of 10 ml/min = 0.1666 ml/s = 1.666e-7 m3/s = ~3.06e-7 kg/s.
# Total mass of CO2 injected ~ 8.5g.
inj_rate = 3.06e-7

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = 'fluidflower_test.e'
    # file = '../../../../large_media/porous_flow/examples/fluidflower/fluidflower.e'
    use_for_exodus_restart = true
  []
[]

[Debug]
  show_var_residual_norms = true
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
  temperature = temperature
  log_extension = false
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
  []
  [z]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    scaling = 1e4
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 0.0055
  []
  [temperature]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_condition = 20
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_from_file_var = porosity
  []
  [porosity_times_thickness]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
  []
  [permeability]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
    initial_from_file_var = permeability
  []
  [permeability_times_thickness]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    fv = true
  []
  [saturation_water]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pressure_water]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity_times_thickness]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = porosity_times_thickness
    coupled_variables = porosity
    expression = 'porosity * ${thickness}'
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
  [permeability_times_thickness]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = permeability_times_thickness
    coupled_variables = permeability
    expression = 'permeability * ${thickness}'
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
  [pressure_water]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_water]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pc]
    type = ADPorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = capillary_pressure
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[FVKernels]
  [mass0]
    type = FVPorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [diff0]
    type = FVPorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = FVPorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [diff1]
    type = FVPorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [injector1]
    type = ConstantPointSource
    point = '0.9 0.3 0'
    value = ${inj_rate}
    variable = z
  []
  [injector2]
    type = ConstantPointSource
    point = '1.7 0.7 0'
    value = ${inj_rate}
    variable = z
  []
[]

[Controls]
  [injection1]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    enable_objects = 'DiracKernels::injector1'
    conditional_function = injection_schedule1
  []
  [injection2]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    enable_objects = 'DiracKernels::injector2'
    conditional_function = injection_schedule2
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [initial_p]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'p0 g H rho0'
    symbol_values = '101.325e3 9.81 1.5 1002'
    expression = 'p0 + rho0 * g * (H - y)'
  []
  [injection_schedule1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t >= 0 & t <= 1.8e4, 1, 0)'
  []
  [injection_schedule2]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t >= 8.1e3 & t <= 1.8e4, 1, 0)'
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [p]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pgas
    function = initial_p
  []
[]

[FVBCs]
  [pressure_top]
    type = FVPorousFlowAdvectiveFluxBC
    boundary = top
    porepressure_value = 1.01325e5
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = Water97FluidProperties
  []
  [watertab]
    type = TabulatedBicubicFluidProperties
    fp = water
    save_file = false
    pressure_min = 1e5
    pressure_max = 1e6
    temperature_min = 290
    temperature_max = 300
    num_p = 20
    num_T = 10
  []
  [co2]
    type = CO2FluidProperties
  []
  [co2tab]
    type = TabulatedBicubicFluidProperties
    fp = co2
    save_file = false
    pressure_min = 1e5
    pressure_max = 1e6
    temperature_min = 290
    temperature_max = 300
    num_p = 20
    num_T = 10
  []
  [brine]
    type = BrineFluidProperties
    water_fp = watertab
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [sandESF_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandESF_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandESF}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandESF_swi}
  []
  [sandC_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandC_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandC}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandC_swi}
  []
  [sandD_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandD_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandD}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandD_swi}
  []
  [sandE_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandE_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandE}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandE_swi}
  []
  [sandF_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandF_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandF}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandF_swi}
  []
  [sandG_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${sandG_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${sandG}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${sandG_swi}
  []
  [fault1_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${fault1_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${fault1}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${fault1_swi}
  []
  [fault3_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = ${fault3_pe}
    lambda = 2
    block = ${fault3}
    pc_max = 1e4
    sat_lr = ${fault3_swi}
  []
  [top_layer_pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
    block =  ${top_layer}
  []
  [sandESF_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandESF_pc
  []
  [sandC_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandC_pc
  []
  [sandD_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandD_pc
  []
  [sandE_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandE_pc
  []
  [sandF_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandF_pc
  []
  [sandG_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = sandG_pc
  []
  [fault1_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = fault1_pc
  []
  [fault3_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = fault3_pc
  []
  [top_layer_fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2tab
    capillary_pressure = top_layer_pc
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = ADPorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [sandESF_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandESF_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandESF_pc
    block = ${sandESF}
  []
  [sandC_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandC_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandC_pc
    block = ${sandC}
  []
  [sandD_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandD_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandD_pc
    block = ${sandD}
  []
  [sandE_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandE_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandE_pc
    block = ${sandE}
  []
  [sandF_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandF_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandF_pc
    block = ${sandF}
  []
  [sandG_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = sandG_fs
    capillary_pressure = sandG_pc
    block = ${sandG}
  []
  [fault1_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = fault1_fs
    capillary_pressure = fault1_pc
    block = ${fault1}
  []
  [fault3_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = fault3_fs
    capillary_pressure = fault3_pc
    block = ${fault3}
  []
  [top_layer_brineco2]
    type = ADPorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    fluid_state = top_layer_fs
    capillary_pressure = top_layer_pc
    block = ${top_layer}
  []
  [porosity]
    type = ADPorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = porosity_times_thickness
  []
  [permeability]
    type = ADPorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = permeability_times_thickness
    perm_yy = permeability_times_thickness
    perm_zz = permeability_times_thickness
  []
  [diffcoeff]
    type = ADPorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    tortuosity = '1 1'
    diffusion_coeff = '2e-9 2e-9 0 0'
  []
  [sandESF_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandESF_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandESF_sgi + sandESF_swi}
    scaling = ${sandESF_krw}
    block = ${sandESF}
  []
  [sandESF_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandESF_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandESF_sgi + sandESF_swi}
    scaling = ${sandESF_krg}
    block = ${sandESF}
  []
  [sandC_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandC_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandC_sgi + sandC_swi}
    scaling = ${sandC_krw}
    block = ${sandC}
  []
  [sandC_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandC_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandC_sgi + sandC_swi}
    scaling = ${sandC_krg}
    block = ${sandC}
  []
  [sandD_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandD_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandD_sgi + sandD_swi}
    scaling = ${sandD_krw}
    block = ${sandD}
  []
  [sandD_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandD_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandD_sgi + sandD_swi}
    scaling = ${sandD_krg}
    block = ${sandD}
  []
  [sandE_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandE_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandE_sgi + sandE_swi}
    scaling = ${sandE_krw}
    block = ${sandE}
  []
  [sandE_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandE_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandE_sgi + sandE_swi}
    scaling = ${sandE_krg}
    block = ${sandE}
  []
  [sandF_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandF_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandF_sgi + sandF_swi}
    scaling = ${sandF_krw}
    block = ${sandF}
  []
  [sandF_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandF_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandF_sgi + sandF_swi}
    scaling = ${sandF_krg}
    block = ${sandF}
  []
  [sandG_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandG_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandG_sgi + sandG_swi}
    scaling = ${sandG_krw}
    block = ${sandG}
  []
  [sandG_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${sandG_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse sandG_sgi + sandG_swi}
    scaling = ${sandG_krg}
    block = ${sandG}
  []
  [fault1_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${fault1_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse fault1_sgi + fault1_swi}
    scaling = ${fault1_krw}
    block = ${fault1}
  []
  [fault1_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${fault1_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse fault1_sgi + fault1_swi}
    scaling = ${fault1_krg}
    block = ${fault1}
  []
  [fault3_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${fault3_swi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse fault3_sgi + fault3_swi}
    scaling = ${fault3_krw}
    block = ${fault3}
  []
  [fault3_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = ${fault3_sgi}
    sum_s_res = ${fparse fault3_sgi + fault3_swi}
    scaling = ${fault3_krg}
    block = ${fault3}
  []
  [top_layer_relperm0]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    block = ${top_layer}
  []
  [top_layer_relperm1]
    type = ADPorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    block = ${top_layer}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_snes_ew'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres lu mumps NONZERO'
    # petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -pc_hypre_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -sub_pc_factor_levels -ksp_gmres_restart'
    # petsc_options_value = 'gmres hypre boomeramg lu NONZERO 4 301'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dtmax = 60
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 4.32e5
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15
  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_abs_tol = 1e-8
  # line_search = none # Can be a useful option for this problem
  [TimeSteppers]
    [time]
      type = FunctionDT
      growth_factor = 2
      cutback_factor_at_failure = 0.5
      function = 'if(t<1.8e4, 2, if(t<3.6e4, 20, 60))'
    []
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p_5_3]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '0.5 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_5_3_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '0.5 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_5_7]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '0.5 0.7 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_5_7_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '0.5 0.7 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_9_3]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '0.9 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_9_3_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '0.9 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_15_5]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '1.5 0.5 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_15_5_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '1.5 0.5 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_17_7]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '1.7 0.7 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_17_7_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '1.7 0.7 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_17_11]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pgas
    point = '1.7 1.1 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p_17_11_w]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pressure_water
    point = '1.7 1.1 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1gas]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [boxA]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    block = ${boxA}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_A_sandESF]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandESF_sgi}
    block = 10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_A_sandE]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandE_sgi}
    block = 13
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_A_sandF]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandF_sgi}
    block = '14 34'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_A_sandG]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandG_sgi}
    block = '15 35'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_A]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'imm_A_sandESF imm_A_sandE imm_A_sandF imm_A_sandG'
    pp_coefs = '1 1 1 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [diss_A]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 0
    block = ${boxA}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [seal_A]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    block = ${seal_boxA}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [boxB]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    block = ${boxB}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_sandESF]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandESF_sgi}
    block = 20
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_sandC]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandC_sgi}
    block = 21
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_sandD]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandD_sgi}
    block = 22
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_sandE]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandE_sgi}
    block = 23
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_sandF]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${sandF_sgi}
    block = 24
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B_fault1]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = ${fault1_sgi}
    block = 26
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [imm_B]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'imm_B_sandESF imm_B_sandC imm_B_sandD imm_B_sandE imm_B_sandF imm_B_fault1'
    pp_coefs = '1 1 1 1 1 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [diss_B]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 0
    block = ${boxB}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [seal_B]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    block = ${seal_boxB}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [boxC]
    type = FVPorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0'
    block = ${boxC}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  # exodus = true
  [csv]
     type = CSV
  []
[]

Input Parameters
Input Files