HeatStructureCylindrical

This component is a 2D heat structure that has axisymmetry; thus it is either a cylinder or cylindrical shell.

Usage

The initial temperature is given by the function parameter "initial_T".

The parameters "position", "orientation", "length", "n_elems", and "axial_region_names" are discussed in Axial Discretization.

The parameters "names", "widths", and "n_part_elems" are discussed in Radial Discretization.

There are two options for specification of the thermal properties on the heat structure:

Create a SolidProperties object for each unique heat structure material, and then provide "solid_properties" which corresponds to the SolidProperties object to use in each transverse region (each entry corresponds to the equally indexed entry in "names") and "solid_properties_T_ref", which provides the temperatures at which to evaluate the densities, since a constant density is to be used in each region, due to heat structures having a non-deformable mesh.

Create Materials object(s) supplying the following material properties on all blocks (see Blocks and Boundaries) of the heat structure mesh:

Material Property	Symbol	Description
`density`	$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-557789e8-23ac-4557-bf44-84dd6f82f163");katex.render("\\rho", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$	Density [kg/m $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-2b002020-b1a0-4e44-a609-df2db74ba465");katex.render("^3", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ ]
`specific_heat`	$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-768be0f6-a78b-48fb-b651-78105bfe25cc");katex.render("c_p", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$	Specific heat capacity [J/(kg-K)]
`thermal_conductivity`	$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ed9c800f-09c4-4d95-8b33-83ee0e26be96");katex.render("k", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$	Thermal conductivity [W/(m-K)]

If the domain has some inner radius, then this is specified with "inner_radius"; otherwise, it is assumed to be a solid cylinder.

Input Parameters

lengthLength of each axial section [m]
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Controllable:No
Description:Length of each axial section [m]
n_elemsNumber of elements in each axial section
C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>
Controllable:No
Description:Number of elements in each axial section
n_part_elemsNumber of elements of each radial region
C++ Type:std::vector<unsigned int>
Controllable:No
Description:Number of elements of each radial region
namesName of each radial region
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Name of each radial region
orientationDirection of axis from start position to end position (no need to normalize)
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Controllable:No
Description:Direction of axis from start position to end position (no need to normalize)
positionStart position of axis in 3-D space [m]
C++ Type:libMesh::Point
Controllable:No
Description:Start position of axis in 3-D space [m]
widthsWidth of each radial region [m]
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Controllable:No
Description:Width of each radial region [m]

Required Parameters

axial_region_namesNames to assign to axial regions
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Names to assign to axial regions
initial_TInitial temperature [K]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial temperature [K]
inner_radius0Inner radius of the heat structure [m]
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Inner radius of the heat structure [m]
num_rods1Number of rods represented by this heat structure
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Number of rods represented by this heat structure
offset_mesh_by_inner_radiusFalseOffset the mesh by the inner radius?
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Offset the mesh by the inner radius?
rotation0Angle of rotation about the x-axis [degrees]
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Angle of rotation about the x-axis [degrees]
scaling_factor_temperature1Scaling factor for solid temperature variable.
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for solid temperature variable.
solid_propertiesSolid properties object name for each radial region
C++ Type:std::vector<UserObjectName>
Controllable:No
Description:Solid properties object name for each radial region
solid_properties_T_refDensity reference temperatures for each radial region. This is required if 'solid_properties' is provided. The density in each region will be a constant value computed by evaluating the density function at the reference temperature.
C++ Type:std::vector<double>
Controllable:No
Description:Density reference temperatures for each radial region. This is required if 'solid_properties' is provided. The density in each region will be a constant value computed by evaluating the density function at the reference temperature.

Optional Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.

Advanced Parameters

Mesh

Axial Discretization

This component generates a mesh along a line segment in 3D space. The line segment is defined with a "start" point $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-cda08b82-f6ca-460c-96db-594d4e585d4d");katex.render("\\mathbf{x}_\\text{start}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ , corresponding to either end, the direction $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-9fa6faa9-0b48-4459-9be9-9ce528f76208");katex.render("\\mathbf{d}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ to the other end, and the distance in that direction, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-1ced3a9c-dfa8-4ae2-acec-39fdc8e73f48");katex.render("L", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ . Thus the other end of the line segment is

var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-7dc1c8f6-3d4f-4b95-93c2-65c7171fa0af");katex.render("\\mathbf{x}_\\text{end} = \\mathbf{x}_\\text{start} + L \\mathbf{d} \\eqp", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});

These quantities are defined using the following parameters:

"position": the "start" point $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-01416e7f-8dbc-4a45-8898-d834b0e4fa9d");katex.render("\\mathbf{x}_\\text{start}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ ,
"orientation": the direction $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-0947bb00-6c30-4339-a470-f6744d030fd4");katex.render("\\mathbf{d}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ (which gets automatically normalized), and
"length": the length(s) that sum to $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-51bad274-f919-4840-a210-c213157f67ec");katex.render("L", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ .

The most basic mesh specification is given by a single value for the parameters "length" and "n_elems", which correspond to the length of the component and number of uniformly-sized elements to use. For example, the following parameters would specify a total length $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-f0fef199-c0a5-4f37-9004-9f22c55d7b1b");katex.render("L = 50", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ m, divided into 100 elements (each with width 0.5 m):


length = 50
n_elems = 100

The "length" and "n_elems" parameters can also be supplied with multiple values. Multiple values correspond to splitting the length into segments that can have different element sizes. However, within each segment, the discretization is assumed uniform. The numbers of elements in each segment are specified with the parameter "n_elems", with entries corresponding to the entries in "length". For example, the following would also specify a total length $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-923cec01-946c-4c51-95f5-cf08b362a349");katex.render("L = 50", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ m with 100 total elements, but in this case the first 10 m have 40 elements of size 0.25 m, whereas the last 40 m have 60 elements of size $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-546cc16c-29f9-492f-8a7f-4f393c3c406b");katex.render("0.\\bar{6}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ m.


length = '10 40'
n_elems = '40 60'

When using more than one entry in the "length" and "n_elems" parameters, the parameter "axial_region_names" is used to provide names that are used in the generation of corresponding block and boundary names (see Blocks and Boundaries).

Radial Discretization

The domain may be divided up into any number (say, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-c06932b1-bb05-4e5a-993e-ee279d721064");katex.render("n", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ ) of regions in the radial direction, which each get their own subdomain names and may use different thermal properties. For example, if the domain were a fuel rod, two regions could be used: the fuel itself and the cladding. The parameters "names", "widths", and "n_part_elems" are all lists of size $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-48cb5d21-5d78-4f82-9626-eeb7a70a2423");katex.render("n", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ , with entries corresponding to each radial region, ordered from the side closest to the axis of the component. "names" is a list of names to assign to each region, which will be used to create subdomain names and to refer to the regions in some objects. The radial width (thickness) of each region is specified using "widths", and the number of radial elements in each region is given by "n_part_elems".

Blocks and Boundaries

This component creates the following blocks, where <cname> is the user-given name of the component:

Block	Description
`<cname>:<rname>`	The radial region `<rname>`

This component creates the following boundaries:

Boundary	Description
`<cname>:inner`	The innermost radial boundary
`<cname>:outer`	The outermost radial boundary
`<cname>:<aname>:inner`	The innermost radial boundary in the axial section `<aname>`
`<cname>:<aname>:outer`	The outermost radial boundary in the axial section `<aname>`
`<cname>:start`	The axial boundary of the end corresponding to the `position` parameter
`<cname>:end`	The axial boundary of the end opposite to the `position` parameter
`<cname>:<rname>:start`	The axial boundary of the end corresponding to the `position` parameter in the radial region `<rname>`
`<cname>:<rname>:end`	The axial boundary of the end opposite to the `position` parameter in the radial region `<rname>`
`<cname>:<rname1>:<rname2>`	The radial boundary between the radial regions `<rname1>` and `<rname2>`
`<cname>:<rname>:<aname1>:<aname2>`	The axial boundary in radial region `<rname>` between the axial regions `<aname1>` and `<aname2>`

Variables

The following variables are created:

Variable	Symbol	Description
`T_solid`	$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-543ab99c-6795-443a-9a91-1176ff09d6da");katex.render("T", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$	Temperature [K]

Formulation

The heat conduction equation is the following: $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-79dd23a6-0c3a-4f6f-80fd-f71fdfb0d594");katex.render(" \\rho c_p \\pd{T}{t} - \\nabla \\cdot (k \\nabla T) = q''' \\eqc", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ where

$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-22ee242c-2dd4-49f1-8041-be078e4a3218");katex.render("\\rho", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is density,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ad42ce5a-7da5-454c-bbdf-be0a6ab0190f");katex.render("c_p", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is specific heat capacity,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-285e9a84-487d-470c-8c35-e788bcdcd604");katex.render("k", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is thermal conductivity,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-2120a974-f5e6-45bc-921e-3cc929cafef8");katex.render("T", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is temperature, and
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-681544f8-491d-4878-9c65-2df424bb4193");katex.render("q'''", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is a volumetric heat source.

Multiplying by a test function $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-eb7f234b-27ec-489d-b4dc-61f3cfd09717");katex.render("\\phi_i", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ and integrating by parts over the domain $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-52d1ead6-25b9-44d3-b34f-f188ef167436");katex.render("\\Omega", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ gives $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-018fba14-f024-4333-be75-fb7764e79131");katex.render(" \\pr{\\rho c_p \\pd{T}{t}, \\phi_i}_\\Omega + \\pr{k \\nabla T, \\nabla\\phi_i}_\\Omega - \\left\\langle k \\nabla T, \\phi_i\\mathbf{n}\\right\\rangle_{\\partial\\Omega} = \\pr{q''', \\phi_i}_\\Omega \\eqc", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ where $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-fd38e203-6d6f-4581-bc9e-2bbe800bc01b");katex.render("\\partial\\Omega", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the boundary of the domain $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-68df5b9a-b48b-47ab-b227-188cb36b57d0");katex.render("\\Omega", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ .

Input Files

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/restart_1phase/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/02_core.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_specified_temperature/err.no_bnd.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/clg.test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_radiation_rz/heat_rate_radiation_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/06_custom_closures.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_heat_flux/cylindrical.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.variable_init_t.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/base/logger/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/err.not_a_3d_hs.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_2nd_order_with_trap.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/04_loop.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/inner_radial_boundary.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/03_upper_loop.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/function_side_integral_rz/function_side_integral_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/steady.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/deprecated/heat_generation.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/output/paraview_component_annotation_map/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/part_base.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_conduction_rz/heat_rate_conduction_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/element_integral_material_property_rz/element_integral_material_property_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d3d/hs_coupler_2d3d.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_y.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/phy.constant_power.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/phy.cylinder_power_shape_aux_var.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_structure_energy/heat_structure_energy_cylinder.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/steady_state.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/err.base.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/05_secondary_side.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_radiation/cylindrical.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_z.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/2nd_order.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/interfaces/discrete_line_segment_interface/discrete_line_segment_interface.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.conservation.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/err.no_phf.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.sub_discretization.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.cylinder_power_shape_fn.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_heat_flux/sub.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/geometrical_component/err.2nd_order.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/err.1phase.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/steady_state.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/userobjects/layered_avg_rz/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.energy_heatstructure_ss_1phase.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/surrogate_power_profile/surrogate_power_profile.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_ambient_convection/cylindrical.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/err.base.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/uniform_refine/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/steady_state.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/jac.1phase.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_temperature/phy.child.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_convection_rz/heat_rate_convection_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_x.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/clg.power.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/side_flux_integral_rz/side_flux_integral_rz.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/separated.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/heat_structure_2d_coupler.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_T_ic.i)

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)

# This input file models an open, recuperated Brayton cycle with a PID
# controlled start up using a coupled motor.
#
# Heat is supplied to the system by a volumetric heat source, and a second heat
# source is used to model a recuperator. The recuperator transfers heat from the
# turbine exhaust gas to the compressor outlet gas.
#
# Initially the fluid and heat structures are at rest at ambient conditions,
# and the shaft speed is zero.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
#   * 0   - 2000 s: Motor increases shaft speed to approx. 85,000 RPM by PID control
#   * 1000 - 8600 s: Power in main heat source increases from 0 - 104 kW
#   * 2000 - 200000 s: Torque supplied by turbine increases to steady state level
#                      as working fluid temperature increases. Torque supplied by
#                      the motor is ramped down to 0 N-m transitioning shaft control
#                      to the turbine at its rated speed of 96,000 RPM.


I_motor = 1.0

I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025

motor_ramp_up_duration = 3605
motor_ramp_down_duration = 1800
post_motor_time = 2160000
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}

D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}
D7 = ${D1}
D8 = ${D1}

A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}
A7 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D7^2}
A8 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D8^2}

recuperator_width = 0.15

L1 = 5.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L4 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}
L7 = ${fparse L1 + recuperator_width}
L8 = ${L1}

x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${x3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 - L4}
x6 = ${x5}
x7 = ${fparse x6 + L6}
x8 = ${fparse x7 + L7}

y1 = 0
y2 = ${y1}
y3 = ${y2}
y4 = ${fparse y3 - L3}
y5 = ${y4}
y6 = ${fparse y5 + L5}
y7 = ${y6}
y8 = ${y7}

x1_out = ${fparse x1 + L1 - 0.001}
x2_in = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
y5_in = ${fparse y5 + 0.001}
x6_out = ${fparse x6 + L6 - 0.001}
x7_in = ${fparse x7 + 0.001}
y8_in = ${fparse y8 + 0.001}
y8_out = ${fparse y8 + L8 - 0.001}
hot_leg_in = ${y8_in}
hot_leg_out = ${y8_out}
cold_leg_in = ${fparse y3 - 0.001}
cold_leg_out = ${fparse y3 - (L3/2) - 0.001}

n_elems1 = 5
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems7 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems8 = ${n_elems1}

A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0

A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0

c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112

rated_mfr = 0.25

speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}

speed_initial = 0

eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843

T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5

hs_power = 105750
[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = ${p_ambient}
  initial_T = ${T_ambient}
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp_air
  closures = closures
  f = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2
  rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp_air]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    emit_on_nan = none
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################


  # Functions for control logic that determines when to shut off the PID system
  [is_tripped_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_names = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
    expression = 'turbine_torque > motor_torque'
  []
  [PID_tripped_constant_value]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [PID_tripped_status_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status'
    expression = 'PID_trip_status'
  []
  [time_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = t
  []

  # Shutdown function which ramps down the motor once told by the control logic
  [motor_torque_fn_shutdown]
    type = ParsedFunction
    symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
    expression = 'if(PID_trip_status = 1, max(2.4 - (2.4 * ((t - time_trip) / 35000)),0.0), 1)'
  []

  # Generates motor power curve
  [motor_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Generator
  ##########################

  # Generates generator torque curve
  [generator_torque_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'slope * t'
    symbol_names = 'slope'
    symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
  []
  # Generates generator power curve
  [generator_power_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'torque * speed'
    symbol_names = 'torque speed'
    symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  # Ramps up reactor power when activated by control logic
  [power_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 1000 8600'
    y = '0 0 ${hs_power}'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################

  # compressor pressure ratios
  [rp_comp1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_comp5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # compressor efficiencies
  [eff_comp1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []
  [eff_comp5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_comp}
  []

  ##########################
  # Turbine
  ##########################

  # turbine pressure ratios
  [rp_turb0]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 1
  []
  [rp_turb1]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb2]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb3]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb4]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []
  [rp_turb5]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
    x_index_in_file = 0
    y_index_in_file = 1
    format = columns
    extrap = true
  []

  # turbine efficiency
  [eff_turb1]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb2]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb3]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb4]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
  [eff_turb5]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${eff_turb}
  []
[]

[Components]

  # system inlet pulling air from the open atmosphere
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    p0 = ${p_ambient}
    T0 = ${T_ambient}
  []

  # Inlet pipe
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x1} ${y1} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L1}
    n_elems = ${n_elems1}
    A = ${A1}
  []

  # Compressor as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020)
  [compressor]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe1:out'
    outlet = 'pipe2:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
    volume = ${V_comp}

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_comp}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []

  # Outlet pipe from the compressor
  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L2}
    n_elems = ${n_elems2}
    A = ${A2}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 2 and 3
  [junction2_cold_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out cold_leg:in'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A2*0.1}
  []

  # Cold leg of the recuperator
  [cold_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []

  # Recuperator which transfers heat from exhaust gas to reactor inlet gas to improve thermal efficency
  [recuperator]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    widths = ${recuperator_width}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = recuperator
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = ${D1}
  []
  # heat transfer from recuperator to cold leg
  [heat_transfer_cold_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = cold_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []
  # heat transfer from hot leg to recuperator
  [heat_transfer_hot_leg]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = hot_leg
    hs = recuperator
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [junction_cold_leg_3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cold_leg:out pipe3:in'
  []
  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x3} ${fparse y3 - (L3/2)} 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = ${fparse L3/2}
    n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
    A = ${A3}
  []
  # 90 degree connection between pipe 3 and 4
  [junction3_4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A3*0.1}
  []

  # Pipe through the "reactor core"
  [pipe4]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = ${L4}
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    A = ${A4}
  []

  # "Reactor Core" and it's associated heat transfer to pipe 4
  [reactor]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    length = ${L4}
    widths = 0.15
    n_elems = ${n_elems4}
    n_part_elems = 2
    names = core
    solid_properties = steel
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 0
  []
  [heat_generation]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    power = total_power
    hs = reactor
    regions = core
  []
  [heat_transfer]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe4
    hs = reactor
    hs_side = OUTER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 4 and 5
  [junction4_5]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe4:out pipe5:in'
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A4*0.1}
  []

  # Pipe carrying hot gas back to the PCU
  [pipe5]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L5}
    n_elems = ${n_elems5}
    A = ${A5}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 5 and 6
  [junction5_6]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A5*0.1}
  []

  # Inlet pipe to the turbine
  [pipe6]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L6}
    n_elems = ${n_elems6}
    A = ${A6}
  []

  # Turbine as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020) and (Wright 2006)
  [turbine]
    type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    inlet = 'pipe6:out'
    outlet = 'pipe7:in'
    A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
    volume = ${V_turb}

    # A turbine is treated as an "inverse" compressor, this value determines if component is to be treated as turbine or compressor
    # If treat_as_turbine is omitted, code automatically assumes it is a compressor
    treat_as_turbine = true

    omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
    mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
    c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
    rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}

    # Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
    speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
    Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
    eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'

    min_pressure_ratio = 1.0

    speed_cr_I = 0
    inertia_const = ${I_turb}
    inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'

    # assume no shaft friction
    speed_cr_fr = 0
    tau_fr_const = 0
    tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
  []

  # Outlet pipe from turbine
  [pipe7]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = ${L7}
    n_elems = ${n_elems7}
    A = ${A7}
  []

  # 90 degree connection between pipe 7 and 8
  [junction7_hot_leg]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe7:out hot_leg:in'
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    volume = ${fparse A7*0.1}
  []

  # Hot leg of the recuperator
  [hot_leg]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = ${L8}
    n_elems = ${n_elems8}
    A = ${A8}
  []

  # System outlet dumping exhaust gas to the atmosphere
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hot_leg:out'
    p = ${p_ambient}
  []

  # Roatating shaft connecting motor, compressor, turbine, and generator
  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
    initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
  []

  # 3-Phase electircal motor used for system start-up, controlled by PID
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_motor}
    torque = 0 # controlled
  []

  # Electric generator supplying power to the grid
  [generator]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = ${I_generator}
    torque = generator_torque_fn
  []
[]


# Control logics which govern startup of the motor, startup of the "reactor core", and shutdown of the motor
[ControlLogic]

  # Sets desired shaft speed to be reached by motor NOTE: SHOULD BE SET LOWER THAN RATED TURBINE RPM
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm - 9000}
  []

  # PID with gains determined by iterative process NOTE: Gain values are system specific
  [initial_motor_PID]
    type = PIDControl
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = shaft_RPM
    initial_value = 0
    K_p = 0.0011
    K_i = 0.00000004
    K_d = 0
  []

  # Determines when the PID system should be running and when it should begin the shutdown cycle. If needed: PID output, else: shutdown function
  [logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'if(motor+0.5 > turb, PID, shutdown_fn)'
    symbol_names = 'motor turb PID shutdown_fn'
    symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque initial_motor_PID:output motor_torque_fn_shutdown'
  []

  # Takes the output generated in [logic] and applies it to the motor torque
  [motor_PID]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = motor
    parameter = torque
    value = logic:value
  []
  # Determines when to turn on heat source
  [power_logic]
    type = ParsedFunctionControl
    function = 'power_fn'
    symbol_names = 'power_fn'
    symbol_values = 'power_fn'
  []
  # Applies heat source to the total_power block
  [power_applied]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
    value = power_logic:value
  []
[]

[Controls]

  # Enables set_PID_tripped
  [PID_trip_status]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = is_tripped_fn
    enable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::PID_trip_status_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Enables set_time_PID
  [time_PID]
    type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
    conditional_function = PID_tripped_status_fn
    disable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::time_trip_aux'
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]

  # Creates a variable that will later be set to the time when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
  []

  # Creates variable which indicates if tau_turbine > tau_motor....... If tau_motor > tau_turbine, 0, else 1
  [PID_trip_status]
    order = FIRST
    family = SCALAR
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxScalarKernels]

  # Creates variable from time_fn which indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [time_trip_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = time_fn
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  # Overwrites variable PID_trip_status to the value from PID_tripped_constant_value (changes 0 to 1)
  [PID_trip_status_aux]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    function = PID_tripped_constant_value
    variable = PID_trip_status
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
    enable = false
  []
[]


[Postprocessors]

  # Indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
  [trip_time]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = time_trip
    execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Motor
  ##########################

  [motor_torque]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = motor
    parameter = torque
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [motor_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = motor_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # generator
  ##########################

  [generator_torque]
    type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
    quantity = torque
    shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [generator_power]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = generator_power_fn
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Shaft
  ##########################

  # Speed in rad/s
  [shaft_speed]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'shaft:omega'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  # speed in RPM
  [shaft_RPM]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'shaft_speed'
    function = '(shaft_speed * 60) /( 2 * ${fparse pi})'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Compressor
  ##########################
  [comp_dissipation_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'compressor:dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_isentropic_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'compressor:isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [comp_friction_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'compressor:friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [compressor_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'comp_dissipation_torque comp_isentropic_torque comp_friction_torque'
    function = 'comp_dissipation_torque + comp_isentropic_torque + comp_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
    function = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_comp]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_ratio_comp]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'T_in_comp T_out_comp'
    function = '(T_out_comp - T_in_comp) / T_out_comp'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_comp]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe1:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = compressor
  []

  ##########################
  # turbine
  ##########################

  [turb_dissipation_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'turbine:dissipation_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_isentropic_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'turbine:isentropic_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turb_friction_torque]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = 'turbine:friction_torque'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [turbine_torque]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'turb_dissipation_torque turb_isentropic_torque turb_friction_torque'
    function = 'turb_dissipation_torque + turb_isentropic_torque + turb_friction_torque'
  []
  [p_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = p
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [p_ratio_turb]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
    function = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_in_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T_out_turb]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [mfr_turb]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = pipe6:out
    connection_index = 0
    equation = mass
    junction = turbine
  []

  ##########################
  # Recuperator
  ##########################

  [cold_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [cold_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_in]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [hot_leg_out]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_out} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  ##########################
  # Reactor
  ##########################

  [reactor_inlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [reactor_outlet]
    type = PointValue
    variable = T
    point = '${x5} ${y5_in} 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  end_time = ${t3}
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.01
    growth_factor = 1.1
    cutback_factor = 0.9
  []
  dtmin = 1e-5
  dtmax = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_start_time = 200000

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10

  petsc_options_iname  = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value  = ' lu     '
[]

[Outputs]
  [e]
    type = Exodus
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle_out'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle'
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb compressor:pressure_ratio turbine:pressure_ratio'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/restart_1phase/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct1]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [jct2]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
    position = '2 0 0'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [pipe3]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = eos
    # geometry
    position = '2 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0.01 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 5
    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    T = 507
    vel = 1
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe3:out'
    p = 6e6
  []

  [hx3ext]
    type = HeatTransferFromExternalAppTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe3
    P_hf = 0.0449254
    Hw = 100000
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  automatic_scaling = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/02_core.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core_chan:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    function = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
  []
  end_time = 5000

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_specified_temperature/err.no_bnd.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 2
    k = 3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2

    names = 'blk'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    boundary = 'hs:inner'
    hs = hs
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/clg.test.i)

[Functions]
  [torque_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 2
      1 3'
  []

  [inertia_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 1
      1 2'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
    initial_speed = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [motor_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = motor
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [test]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = motor
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  dt = 0.2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'test'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_radiation_rz/heat_rate_radiation_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateRadiationRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
sigma = 5.670367e-8
emissivity = ${fparse Q / (S * sigma * (T_ambient^4 - T^4))}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateRadiationRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    T = T_solid
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    emissivity = ${emissivity}
    stefan_boltzmann_constant = ${sigma}
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_radiation_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/06_custom_closures.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
  [none_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseNone
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [Re_mat]
    type = ADReynoldsNumberMaterial
    Re = Re
    rho = rho
    vel = vel
    D_h = D_h
    mu = mu
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [f_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = f_D
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '1 0.1 -0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re'
    expression = 'a + b * Re^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Pr_mat]
    type = ADPrandtlNumberMaterial
    Pr = Pr
    cp = cp
    mu = mu
    k = k
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Nu_mat]
    type = ADParsedMaterial
    property_name = 'Nu'
    constant_names = 'a b c'
    constant_expressions = '0.03 0.9 0.5'
    material_property_names = 'Re Pr'
    expression = 'a * Re ^b * Pr^c'
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [Hw_mat]
    type = ADConvectiveHeatTransferCoefficientMaterial
    D_h = D_h
    k = k
    Nu = Nu
    Hw = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
[]
[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
      closures = none_closures
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    function = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []

  [Hw_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = Hw
    block = hx/pri
  []
  [fD_hx_pri]
    type = ADElementAverageMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = f_D
    block = hx/pri
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_heat_flux/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 300
heat_flux = 1000
t = 0.001

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux * A}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[Functions]
  [q_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${heat_flux}
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [heat_flux_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryHeatFlux
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    q = q_fn
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = heat_flux_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
    solve_type = lumped
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.variable_init_t.i)

# Tests that a function can be used to initialize temperature in a heat structure.

[GlobalParams]
[]

[Functions]
  [fn-initial_T]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'baseT + (dT * sin((pi * x) / length))'
    symbol_names = 'baseT   dT    length'
    symbol_values = '560.0  30.0  3.6576'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.1
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 100
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '10 3 3'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = fn-initial_T
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 580.0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.01
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 8

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'shaft:omega'
  execute_on = 'initial'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/base/logger/test.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [a]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [warn]
    type = LogWarningComponent
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    names = '0'
    widths = '0.1'
    solid_properties = 'a'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_elems = 1
    n_part_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_3d/err.not_a_3d_hs.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-3'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1000
    cp = 100
    k = 30
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1000*y+300+30*z'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    fp = fp
    n_elems = 6
    length = 1
    initial_T = 300
    initial_p = 1.01e5
    initial_vel = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    A   = 0.00314159
    D_h  = 0.2
    f = 0.01
  []
  [in]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 300
  []
  [out]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch:out'
    p = 1.01e5
  []
  [blk]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    widths = 0.1
    inner_radius = 0.1
    length = 1
    n_elems = 6
    n_part_elems = 1
    initial_T = T_init
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = blk
  []
  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure3D1Phase
    flow_channels = 'fch'
    hs = blk
    boundary = blk:inner
    Hw = 10000
    P_hf = 0.156434465
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs]
    type = HeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = blk:0
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_fch]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    block = fch
    variable = rhoEA
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_fch energy_hs'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
   compute_relative_change = false
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  solve_type = PJFNK
  line_search = basic
  num_steps = 1000
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-08
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_2nd_order_with_trap.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.17e6
  initial_vel = 1.
  initial_T = 564.15

  2nd_order_mesh = true
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-1

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 2.0

  [Quadrature]
    type = TRAP
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/04_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = simple_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct10]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    function = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
  [pump_head]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = pump
    parameter = head
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/inner_radial_boundary.i)

# Used for testing that the inner radial boundaries of a heat structure are
# created correctly. A SideValueSampler VPP samples a variable along an inner
# radial boundary and the test verifies that the correct space points and
# variable values are recovered.

[Functions]
  [initial_T_fn_ax_x]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    axis = x
    x = '0 5 10'
    y = '300 500 1000'
  []
  [initial_T_fn_ax_y]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    axis = y
    x = '0 0.75 1.0 4.0 6.0'
    y = '0 0    1.0 1.5 2.0'
  []
  [initial_T_fn]
    type = CompositeFunction
    functions = 'initial_T_fn_ax_x initial_T_fn_ax_y'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 10.0
    n_elems = 20

    names = 'region1 region2 region3'
    widths = '1.0 3.0 2.0'
    n_part_elems = '2 6 8'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = initial_T_fn
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [test_vpp]
    type = SideValueSampler
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = 'hs:region1:region2'
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/03_upper_loop.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'up_pipe_1:in'
    m_dot = ${m_dot_in}
    T = ${T_in}
  []

  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = '${A_core}'
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe:in'
  []

  [top_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out cooling_pipe:in'
  []

  [cooling_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1.5
    n_elems = 25
    A = ${A_pipe}
  []

  [cold_wall]
    type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
    flow_channel = cooling_pipe
    T_wall = 300
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * pipe_dia}'
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'cooling_pipe:out down_pipe_2:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'down_pipe_2:out'
    p = ${press}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    function = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = cooling_pipe:out
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/function_side_integral_rz/function_side_integral_rz.i)

# Tests the FunctionSideIntegralRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
q = ${fparse Q / S}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [q_fn]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = ${q}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = FunctionSideIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    function = q_fn
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'function_side_integral_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/steady.i)

# Tests that cylindrical heat structure geometry can be used with a steady executioner.

[Functions]
  [power_profile_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.570796326794897 * sin(x / 3.6576 * pi)'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1.0412e2
    cp = 288.734
    k = 3.65
  []
  [gap_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1.0
    cp = 1.0
    k = 1.084498
  []
  [clad_sp]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 6.6e1
    cp = 321.384
    k = 16.48672
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 20
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '3 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel_sp gap_sp clad_sp'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = power_profile_fn
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/deprecated/heat_generation.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatGeneration
    hs = hs
    regions = fuel
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/output/paraview_component_annotation_map/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  f = 0
  fp = fp

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [m]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '-0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    A = 1
    n_elems = 10
  []

  [wall1i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:in
  []

  [wall1o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch1:out
  []

  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '-0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 90
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.1 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    A = 1
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
  []

  [wall2i]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:in
  []

  [wall2o]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = fch2:out
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = '0.6 0.4'
    axial_region_names = 'longer shorter'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    names = '1 2'
    widths = '0.2 0.3'
    solid_properties = 'm m'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    n_part_elems = '1 1'
    rotation = 270
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1

  automatic_scaling = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
[]

[Outputs]
  [map]
    type = ParaviewComponentAnnotationMap
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_cylindrical/part_base.i)

[Functions]
  [power_profile_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '1.570796326794897 * sin(x / 3.6576 * pi)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 3.6576
    n_elems = 20
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '3 1 1'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = power_profile_fn
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 2
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = transient
  exodus = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_conduction_rz/heat_rate_conduction_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateConductionRZ post-processor.

R_i = 0.1
thickness = 0.2
L = 3.0

R_o = ${fparse R_i + thickness}
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

k = 20.0
T_i = 300.0
T_o = 500.0

dT_dr = ${fparse (T_o - T_i) / thickness}

Q_exact = ${fparse k * dT_dr * S}

[Materials]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '1.0 1.0 ${k}'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '${T_i} + (y - ${R_i}) * ${dT_dr}'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = T_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateConductionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    temperature = T_solid
    thermal_conductivity = thermal_conductivity
    inward = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [Q_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = Q_pp
    value2 = ${Q_exact}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_conduction_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'Q_err'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures

  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_bc
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/element_integral_material_property_rz/element_integral_material_property_rz.i)

# Tests the ADElementIntegralMaterialPropertyRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
V = ${fparse pi * (R_o^2 - R_i^2) * L}

rho_value = 5.0
mass = ${fparse rho_value * V}

[Materials]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '${rho_value} 1.0 1.0'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass]
    type = ADElementIntegralMaterialPropertyRZ
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    mat_prop = density
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [mass_error]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = mass
    value2 = ${mass}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'element_integral_material_property_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_error'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_coupler_2d3d/hs_coupler_2d3d.i)

# Tests physics and energy conservation for HSCoupler2D3D.

R_pipe = 0.005
length_matrix = 0.5
length_extend = 0.6

n_elems_radial = 3
n_elems_axial_matrix = 10
n_elems_axial_extend = 12

[Materials]
  [matrix_mat]
    type = ADGenericConstantMaterial
    block = 'hs3d:0 hs2d:pipe'
    prop_names = 'density specific_heat thermal_conductivity'
    prop_values = '8000 500 15'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [initial_T_matrix_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '300 + 100*z - 1000*x'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs3d]
    type = HeatStructureFromFile3D
    file = mesh/mesh.e
    position = '0 0 0'
    initial_T = initial_T_matrix_fn
  []

  [hs2d]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = '${length_matrix} ${length_extend}'
    n_elems = '${n_elems_axial_matrix} ${n_elems_axial_extend}'
    axial_region_names = 'matrix extend'

    inner_radius = 0
    widths = '${R_pipe}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    names = 'pipe'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs_coupler]
    type = HSCoupler2D3D
    heat_structure_2d = hs2d
    heat_structure_3d = hs3d
    boundary_2d = hs2d:matrix:outer
    boundary_3d = hs3d:rmin

    emissivity_2d = 0.4
    emissivity_3d = 0.6
    gap_thickness = 0.00001
    gap_thermal_conductivity = 0.05
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [energy_hs3d]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergy3D
    block = 'hs3d:0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_hs2d]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs2d:pipe'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [total_energy]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'energy_hs3d energy_hs2d'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [energy_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = total_energy
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10

  solve_type = NEWTON
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz/heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateExternalAppConvectionRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
htc = ${fparse Q / (S * (T_ambient - T))}

[AuxVariables]
  [T_ext]
    initial_condition = ${T_ambient}
  []
  [htc_ext]
    initial_condition = ${htc}
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateExternalAppConvectionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    htc_ext = htc_ext
    T = T_solid
    T_ext = T_ext
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_external_app_convection_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_y.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - y) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 1 0'
    orientation = '0 -1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/phy.constant_power.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1234.
  []

  [ch1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
    names = '0'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [reactor_power]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'reactor_power'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/phy.cylinder_power_shape_aux_var.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e1
[]

[Functions]
  [HeatFunction]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1313127093.32191
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 191.67
    rho = 1.4583e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 64
    cp = 1272
    rho = 865
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 26
    cp = 638
    rho = 7.646e3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'CH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mock_power_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = power_density
    function = HeatFunction
    block = 'CH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 3.0e4
  []

  [CH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 16

    initial_T = 628.15

    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.003015 0.000465  0.00052'
    n_part_elems = '20 2 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CH1:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromPowerDensity
    hs = CH1:solid
    regions = 'fuel'
    power_density = power_density
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 40

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 50
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_structure_energy/heat_structure_energy_cylinder.i)

# Tests the HeatStructureEnergyRZ post-processor for a cylinder geometry.
#
# The heat structure will consist of 5 units of the following geometry:
#   x in (x1, x2) = (0, 2) => length (x-direction) = 2
#   inner radius = 2
#   region widths: [4, 3]
#     => y region 1: y in (y1, y2) = (2, 6)
#     => y region 2: y in (y2, y3) = (6, 9)
#
# The temperature distribution is the following linear function:
#   T(x,y) = A * x + B * y + C
# where A = 0.2, B = 0.4, C = 0.5.
# The integral of T(x,y) * y w.r.t. y = (y2, y3) is
#   1.0/3.0 * B * (y3^3 - y2^3) + 0.5 * (A * x + C) * (y3^2 - y2^2)
# The integral of this w.r.t. x = (x1, x2) is
#   1.0/3.0 * B * (y3^3 - y2^3) * dx + 0.5 * (0.5 * A * (x2^2 - x1^2) + C * dx) * (y3^2 - y2^2)
# where dx = x2 - x1.
#
# The post-processor computes the integral
#   n_units * 2 pi * rho2 * cp2 * int_x int_y2 T(x, y) * y * dy * dx,
# where n_units = 5.
#
# The relevant heat structure material properties are
#   rho2 = 3
#   cp2 = 5
#
# Finally, n_units * 2 pi * rho2 * cp2 * int(T * y) = 7.930950653987433e+04

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
  [region2-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 5
    rho = 3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T0_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '0.2 * x + 0.4 * (y - 2) + 0.5'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    num_rods = 5

    position = '0 2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    inner_radius = 2.0
    length = 2.0
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1 region2'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat region2-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    widths = '4.0 3.0'
    n_part_elems = '5 50'

    initial_T = T0_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'heat_structure:region2'
    n_units = 5
    axis_point = '0 2 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_structure_energy_cylinder'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure/steady_state.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1. 1.e-2 1.e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  initial_T = 500
  initial_p = 6.e6
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
    k = 0.5
    mu = 281.8e-6
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    # geometry
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    inner_radius = 0.01
    widths = 0.1
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []

  [ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = pipe
    hs = hs
    hs_side = INNER
    Hw = 10000
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 500
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 6e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_power_density/err.base.i)

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'hs:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mock_power_aux]
    type = ConstantAux
    variable = power_density
    value = 1e9
    block = 'hs:fuel'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromPowerDensity
    power_density = power_density
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/tutorials/single_phase_flow/05_secondary_side.i)

T_in = 300. # K
m_dot_in = 1e-2 # kg/s
press = 10e5 # Pa

# core parameters
core_length = 1. # m
core_n_elems = 25
core_dia = '${units 2. cm -> m}'
core_pitch = '${units 8.7 cm -> m}'
A_core = '${fparse core_pitch^2 - 0.25 *pi * core_dia^2}'
P_wet_core = '${fparse 4*core_pitch + pi * core_dia}'
Dh_core = '${fparse 4 * A_core / P_wet_core}'

# pipe parameters
pipe_dia = '${units 10. cm -> m}'
A_pipe = '${fparse 0.25 * pi * pipe_dia^2}'

tot_power = 2000 # W

# heat exchanger parameters
hx_dia_inner = '${units 12. cm -> m}'
hx_wall_thickness = '${units 5. mm -> m}'
hx_dia_outer = '${units 50. cm -> m}'
hx_radius_wall = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2. + hx_wall_thickness}'
hx_length = 1.5 # m
hx_n_elems = 25

m_dot_sec_in = 1. # kg/s

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = ${press}
  initial_vel = 0.0001
  initial_T = ${T_in}
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
  scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
  scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-4
  closures = thm_closures
  fp = he
[]

[Functions]
  [m_dot_sec_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      10 ${m_dot_sec_in}'
  []
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [he]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    molar_mass = 4e-3
    gamma = 1.67
    k = 0.2556
    mu = 3.22639e-5
  []

  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    cv = 1816.0
    q = -1.167e6
    p_inf = 1.0e9
    q_prime = 0
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [thm_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseTHM
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [steel]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8050
    k = 45
    cp = 466
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${tot_power}
  []
  [up_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 15
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct1]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    connections = 'up_pipe_1:out core_chan:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []
  [core_chan]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    roughness = .0001
    A = ${A_core}
    D_h = ${Dh_core}
  []

  [core_hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${core_length}
    n_elems = ${core_n_elems}
    names = 'block'
    widths = '${fparse core_dia / 2.}'
    solid_properties = 'steel'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
  []

  [core_heating]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core_hs
    regions = block
    power = total_power
  []

  [core_ht]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core_chan
    hs = core_hs
    hs_side = outer
    P_hf = '${fparse pi * core_dia}'
  []

  [jct2]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    connections = 'core_chan:out up_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [up_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 1.5'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct3]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'up_pipe_2:out top_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [top_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [top_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct4]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    volume = 1e-5
    connections = 'top_pipe_1:out top_pipe_2:in press_pipe:in'
  []

  [press_pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 2'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 0.2
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pressurizer]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    p0 = ${press}
    T0 = ${T_in}
    input = press_pipe:out
  []

  [jct5]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'top_pipe_2:out down_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [down_pipe_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 2'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    A = ${A_pipe}
    n_elems = 5
  []

  [jct6]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 1.75'
    connections = 'down_pipe_1:out hx/pri:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [hx]
    [pri]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      roughness = 1e-5
      A = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner * hx_dia_inner / 4.}'
      D_h = ${hx_dia_inner}
    []

    [ht_pri]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = inner
      flow_channel = hx/pri
      P_hf = '${fparse pi * hx_dia_inner}'
    []

    [wall]
      type = HeatStructureCylindrical
      position = '1 0 1.75'
      orientation = '0 0 -1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      widths = '${hx_wall_thickness}'
      n_part_elems = '3'
      solid_properties = 'steel'
      solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
      names = '0'
      inner_radius = '${fparse hx_dia_inner / 2.}'
    []

    [ht_sec]
      type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
      hs = hx/wall
      hs_side = outer
      flow_channel = hx/sec
      P_hf = '${fparse 2 * pi * hx_radius_wall}'
    []

    [sec]
      type = FlowChannel1Phase
      position = '${fparse 1 + hx_wall_thickness} 0 0.25'
      orientation = '0 0 1'
      length = ${hx_length}
      n_elems = ${hx_n_elems}
      A = '${fparse pi * (hx_dia_outer * hx_dia_outer / 4. - hx_radius_wall * hx_radius_wall)}'
      D_h = '${fparse hx_dia_outer - (2 * hx_radius_wall)}'
      fp = water
      initial_T = 300
    []
  []

  [jct7]
    type = JunctionParallelChannels1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.5'
    connections = 'hx/pri:out down_pipe_2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
  []

  [down_pipe_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0.25'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 0.25
    n_elems = 10
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct8]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'down_pipe_2:out bottom_1:in'
  []

  [bottom_1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [pump]
    type = Pump1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    connections = 'bottom_1:out bottom_2:in'
    volume = 1e-4
    A_ref = ${A_pipe}
    head = 0
  []

  [bottom_2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5
    A = ${A_pipe}
    D_h = ${pipe_dia}
  []

  [jct9]
    type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
    connections = 'bottom_2:out up_pipe_1:in'
  []

  [inlet_sec]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:in'
    m_dot = 0
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet_sec]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'hx/sec:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [set_point]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = ${m_dot_in}
  []

  [pid]
    type = PIDControl
    initial_value = 0.0
    set_point = set_point:value
    input = m_dot_pump
    K_p = 1.
    K_i = 4.
    K_d = 0
  []

  [set_pump_head]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = pump
    parameter = head
    value = pid:output
  []

  [m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl]
    type = GetFunctionValueControl
    function = m_dot_sec_fn
  []

  [set_m_dot_sec_ctrl]
    type = SetComponentRealValueControl
    component = inlet_sec
    parameter = m_dot
    value = m_dot_sec_inlet_ctrl:value
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [power_to_coolant]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core_chan
    P_hf = '${fparse pi *core_dia}'
  []

  [m_dot_pump]
    type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
    boundary = core_chan:in
    connection_index = 1
    equation = mass
    junction = jct7
  []

  [core_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = T
  []

  [core_p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:in
    variable = p
  []

  [core_p_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = core_chan:out
    variable = p
  []

  [core_delta_p]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'core_p_in core_p_out'
    function = 'core_p_in - core_p_out'
  []

  [hx_pri_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = hx/pri:out
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = inlet_sec
    variable = T
  []

  [hx_sec_T_out]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = outlet_sec
    variable = T
  []
  [m_dot_sec]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet_sec
    equation = mass
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  start_time = 0

  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
  []
  dtmax = 5
  end_time = 500

  line_search = basic
  solve_type = NEWTON

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 25

[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true

  [console]
    type = Console
    max_rows = 1
    outlier_variable_norms = false
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_radiation/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 1200
T_ambient = 1500
emissivity = 0.3
view_factor = 0.6
t = 5.0

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

stefan_boltzmann = 5.670367e-8
R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
heat_flux = ${fparse stefan_boltzmann * emissivity * view_factor * (T_ambient^4 - T_hs^4)}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux * A}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryRadiation
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    emissivity = ${emissivity}
    view_factor = ${view_factor}
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = hs_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_z.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - z) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.2 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h  = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.1 0 1'
    orientation = '0 0 -1'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 2
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/2nd_order.i)

# This tests ensures that 2nd-order meshes can be used; it checks for the
# "Solve Converged" string at the end of a time step.

[GlobalParams]
  2nd_order_mesh = true
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 564.15
  []

  [hg]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = hs
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power_fraction = 3.33672612e-1
    power = reactor
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/interfaces/discrete_line_segment_interface/discrete_line_segment_interface.i)

# Tests DiscreteLineSegmentInterface

[AuxVariables]
  [testvar]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [testvar_aux]
    type = DiscreteLineSegmentInterfaceTestAux
    variable = testvar
    test_type = axial_coord
    position = '5 -4 2'
    orientation = '-1 3 -5'
    rotation = 60
    length = '2.0 3.0 5.0'
    n_elems = '4 6 10'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '5 -4 2'
    orientation = '-1 3 -5'
    rotation = 60
    length = '2.0 3.0 5.0'
    n_elems = '4 6 10'
    axial_region_names = 'section0 section1 section2'

    names = 'region1 region2 region3'
    widths = '1.0 3.0 2.0'
    n_part_elems = '2 6 8'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'axial_coord'
  exodus = true
  hide = 'T_solid'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.conservation.i)

# Tests energy conservation for HeatGeneration component when a power component is used

n_units = 5
power = 1e5
power_fraction = 0.3
t = 1

energy_change = ${fparse power_fraction * power * t}

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-3
[]

[Functions]
  [power_shape]
    type = ConstantFunction
    value = 0.4
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [main-material]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1e4
    cp = 500.0
    rho = 100.0
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    num_rods = ${n_units}

    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 100

    names = 'rgn1 rgn2 rgn3'
    solid_properties = 'main-material main-material main-material'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
    widths = '0.4 0.1 0.5'
    n_part_elems = '2 2 2'

    initial_T = 300
  []
  [heat_generation]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = heat_structure
    regions = 'rgn1 rgn2'
    power = total_power
    power_fraction = ${power_fraction}
  []
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = ${power}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'heat_structure:rgn1 heat_structure:rgn2 heat_structure:rgn3'
    n_units = ${n_units}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_tot_change_rel_err]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_tot_change
    value2 = ${energy_change}
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 0
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_tot_change_rel_err'
  execute_on = 'final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_specified_temperature_1phase/err.no_phf.i)

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 2
    rho = 3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
    closures = simple_closures
    fp = fp
    f = 0.01

    initial_p = 1e5
    initial_T = 300
    initial_vel = 0
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    names = 'blk'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = START
    flow_channel = fch1
    Hw = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    m_dot = 1
    T = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch1:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/phy.sub_discretization.i)

#
# Testing the ability to discretize the HeatStructure by dividing it into
# axial subsections
#

[GlobalParams]
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 1'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    axial_region_names = 'reg1 reg2'
    length = '2.0 1.6576'
    n_elems = '7   4'

    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '10 3 3'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]


[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_scalars_on = none
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/phy.cylinder_power_shape_fn.i)

[GlobalParams]
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e0
[]

[Functions]
  [psf]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 1
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 191.67
    rho = 1.4583e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 64
    cp = 1272
    rho = 865
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 26
    cp = 638
    rho = 7.646e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 3.0e4
  []

  [CH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 0.8
    n_elems = 16

    initial_T = 628.15

    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.003015 0.000465  0.00052'
    n_part_elems = '20 2 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CH1:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = CH1:solid
    regions = 'fuel'
    power = reactor
    power_shape_function = psf
    power_fraction = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-3
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 40

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 50
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz/heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz.i)

emissivity1 = 0.75
emissivity2 = 0.5

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 1 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 25

    inner_radius = 0.1
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 1 0'
    length = '0.5 0.5'
    n_elems = '25 25'
    axial_region_names = 'axregion1 axregion2'

    inner_radius = 0.5
    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 1000
  []

  [hs_coupler]
    type = HeatStructure2DRadiationCouplerRZ
    primary_heat_structure = hs1
    secondary_heat_structure = hs2
    primary_boundary = hs1:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs2:axregion1:inner
    primary_emissivity = ${emissivity1}
    secondary_emissivity = ${emissivity2}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1 hs2:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 1 0'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    postprocessor = E_tot
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T1]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs1:outer
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [T2]
    type = SideAverageValue
    variable = T_solid
    boundary = hs2:axregion1:inner
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 10
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_structure_2d_radiation_coupler_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_tot_change T1 T2'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_motor/test.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'shaft:omega'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_heat_flux/sub.i)

# Sub input file.

L = 5.0
radius = 0.01

n_elems_axial = 10
n_elems_radial = 5

T_initial = 300.0
power = 1000.0
t = 10.0
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

rho = 8000.0
cp = 500.0
k = 15.0

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${rho}
    cp = ${cp}
    k = ${k}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = ${n_elems_axial}

    names = 'body'
    widths = '${radius}'
    n_part_elems = '${n_elems_radial}'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${T_initial}
  []
  [hs_boundary]
    type = HSBoundaryExternalAppHeatFlux
    hs = hs
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    heat_flux_name = q_ext
    heat_flux_is_inward = true
    perimeter_ext = P_ext
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:body'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [integral_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = hs_boundary_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  scheme = bdf2
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_change_relerr integral_relerr'
  execute_on = 'FINAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/geometrical_component/err.2nd_order.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 353.1
  initial_vel = 0.0

  2nd_order_mesh = true

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    names = 'blk'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '2'
    solid_properties = 'hs-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 350
  []

  [start]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:start
    T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1.e-7

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 4.0

  [Quadrature]
    type = TRAP
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/err.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 300

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 4
    n_elems = 2

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe:in'
    p0 = 1e5
    T0 = 300
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe:out'
    p = 1e5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-5
  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/shaft/steady_state.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 1
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [motor]
    type = ShaftConnectedMotor
    inertia = 1
    torque = 2
  []

  [shaft]
    type = Shaft
    connected_components = 'motor'
    initial_speed = 1
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1

    names = '0'
    n_part_elems = 1
    widths = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  num_steps = 5
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 15

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/userobjects/layered_avg_rz/test.i)

length = 4

[GlobalParams]
[]

[UserObjects]
  [average_temp_uo]
    type = LayeredAverageRZ
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    direction = z
    variable = T_solid
    block = hs:1
    num_layers = 10
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [average_temp]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [layered_average]
    type = SpatialUserObjectAux
    variable = average_temp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    user_object = average_temp_uo
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
  [mat2]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.6
    cp = 1.
    rho = 1.
  []
  [mat3]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 21.5
    cp = 350.
    rho = 6.55e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = ${length}
    n_elems = 20

    initial_T = '300 + 10 * sin(0.5 * z * pi / 3.865)'

    names = '1 2 3'
    widths = '0.004 0.0001 0.0005'
    n_part_elems = '10 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'mat1 mat2 mat3'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.5
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'average_temp'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.energy_heatstructure_ss_1phase.i)

# This test tests conservation of energy at steady state for 1-phase flow when a
# heat structure is used. Conservation is checked by comparing the integral of
# the heat flux against the difference of the boundary fluxes.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 7.0e6
  initial_vel = 0
  initial_T = 513

  gravity_vector = '0.0 0.0 0.0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.7
    cp = 3.e2
    rho = 10.42e3
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.7
    cp = 5e3
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1e3
  []

  [core:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    A = 1.907720E-04
    D_h = 1.698566E-02
    f = 0.0

    fp = eos
  []

  [core:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.0071501 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.66
    n_elems = 10

    names =  'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '6.057900E-03  1.524000E-04  9.398000E-04'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'

    initial_T = 513
  []

  [core:hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    hs = core:solid
    regions = 'FUEL'
    power = reactor
    power_fraction = 1
  []

  [core:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = core:pipe
    hs   = core:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 1.0e4
    P_hf = 4.4925e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletDensityVelocity1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:in'
    rho = 817.382210128610836
    vel = 2.4
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'core:pipe:out'
    p = 7e6
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = inlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    boundary = outlet
    equation = energy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [hf_pipe]
    type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
    block = core:pipe
    T_wall = T_wall
    T = T
    Hw = Hw
    P_hf = P_hf
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_diff]
    type = DifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_in
    value2 = E_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [E_conservation]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_diff hf_pipe'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  dt = 5

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 50

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 60

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 260
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
  [console]
    type = Console
    show = 'E_conservation'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/surrogate_power_profile/surrogate_power_profile.i)

# This takes an exodus file with a power profile and uses that in a heat structure
# of a core channel as power density.  This tests the capability of taking a
# rattlesnake generated power profile and using it in RELAP-7.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 15.5e6
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 559.15

  gravity_vector = '0 -9.8 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-4'
  scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [water]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 0.6
    cp = 1.
    rho = 1.
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 21.5
    cp = 350.
    rho = 6.55e3
  []
[]

[Components]
  [CCH1:pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0.02 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01
    fp = water
  []

  [CCH1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.024748 0 0'
    orientation = '0 1 0'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 20

    initial_T = 559.15
    names = 'fuel gap clad'
    widths = '0.004096 0.0001 0.000552'
    n_part_elems = '5 1 2'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [CCH1:hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    flow_channel = CCH1:pipe
    hs = CCH1:solid
    hs_side = outer
    Hw = 5.33e4
    P_hf = 2.9832563838489e-2
  []

  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:in'
    m_dot = 0.1
    T = 559.15
  []
  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'CCH1:pipe:out'
    p = 15.5e6
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [reactor_power_density_uo]
    type = SolutionUserObject
    mesh = 'power_profile.e'
    system_variables = power_density
    translation = '0. 0. 0.'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [power_density_fn]
    type = SolutionFunction
    from_variable = power_density
    solution = reactor_power_density_uo
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [power_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [power_density_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = power_density
    function = power_density_fn
    block = 'CCH1:solid:fuel'
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 10
  dt = 1e-2
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100

  [Quadrature]
    type = GAUSS
    order = SECOND
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
  []
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_ambient_convection/cylindrical.i)

T_hs = 300
T_ambient1 = 500
htc1 = 100
T_ambient2 = 400
htc2 = 300
t = 0.001

L = 2
D_i = 0.2
thickness = 0.5

# SS 316
density = 8.0272e3
specific_heat_capacity = 502.1
conductivity = 16.26

R_i = ${fparse 0.5 * D_i}
D_o = ${fparse D_i + 2 * thickness}
A = ${fparse pi * D_o * L}
heat_flux_avg = ${fparse 0.5 * (htc1 * (T_ambient1 - T_hs) + htc2 * (T_ambient2 - T_hs))}
heat_flux_integral = ${fparse heat_flux_avg * A}
scale = 0.8
power = ${fparse scale * heat_flux_integral}
E_change = ${fparse power * t}

[Functions]
  [T_ambient_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 1'
    y = '${T_ambient1} ${T_ambient2}'
  []
  [htc_ambient_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    axis = z
    x = '0 1'
    y = '${htc1} ${htc2}'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = ${density}
    cp = ${specific_heat_capacity}
    k = ${conductivity}
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = ${T_hs}
  []

  [ambient_convection]
    type = HSBoundaryAmbientConvection
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
    T_ambient = T_ambient_fn
    htc_ambient = htc_ambient_fn
    scale = ${scale}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs:region'
    axis_dir = '0 0 1'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_change_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = E_hs_change
    value2 = ${E_change}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [heat_rate_pp_relerr]
    type = RelativeDifferencePostprocessor
    value1 = ambient_convection_integral
    value2 = ${power}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  [TimeIntegrator]
    type = ActuallyExplicitEuler
    solve_type = lumped
  []
  dt = ${t}
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'E_change_relerr heat_rate_pp_relerr'
    execute_on = 'FINAL'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_source_from_total_power/err.base.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 10
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 -0.024748 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 3.865
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.004096'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 559.15
  []

  [hgen]
    type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
    power_fraction = 1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1.e-2
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/uniform_refine/test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  initial_p = 1e5
  initial_T = 300
  initial_vel = 0

  closures = simple_closures

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = FULL
  f = 0
  fp = eos
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 10
    cp = 1
    k = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    A = 1
  []

  [junction]
    type = VolumeJunction1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    volume = 1e-5
    position = '1 0 0'

    initial_vel_x = 0
    initial_vel_y = 0
    initial_vel_z = 0
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 1 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '1'
    n_elems = '2'
    names = '0'
    widths = 0.5
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1e-4
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 10

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'A'
[]

[Debug]
  show_actions = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/steady_state.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
    initial_T = Ts_init
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_init
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 100
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial final'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/jac.1phase.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 2
  initial_T = 300

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1'
  scaling_factor_temperature = '1'

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 2.5
    cp = 300.
    rho = 1.032e4
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0.1 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    A = 8.78882e-5
    D_h = 0.01179
    f = 0.01

    fp = fp
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '0 0 1'
    length = 2
    n_elems = 1

    names = 'fuel'
    widths = '0.1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hx]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe
    Hw = 100
    P_hf = 0.029832559676
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = ' 1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/hs_boundary_external_app_temperature/phy.child.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [ss316]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    rho = 8.0272e3
    cp = 502.1
    k = 16.26
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    position = '0 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10

    inner_radius = 0.1
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '10'
    solid_properties = 'ss316'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    names = 'region'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [ext_temperature]
    type = HSBoundaryExternalAppTemperature
    boundary = 'hs:outer'
    hs = hs
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true
  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = basic

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'T_ext'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_convection_rz/heat_rate_convection_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateConvectionRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
T = 300
T_ambient = 350
htc = ${fparse Q / (S * (T_ambient - T))}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = ${T}
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateConvectionRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    htc = ${htc}
    T = T_solid
    T_ambient = ${T_ambient}
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'heat_rate_convection_rz'
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    precision = 15
    execute_on = 'initial'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/misc/initial_from_file/heat_structure/test.i)

# Test that the initial conditions read from the exodus file are correct

[GlobalParams]
  initial_from_file = 'steady_state_out.e'
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat1]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16
    cp = 356.
    rho = 6.551400E+03
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [Ts_bc]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '2*sin(x*pi)+507'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 3
    names = 'wall'
    n_part_elems = 1
    solid_properties = 'mat1'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = 0.1
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = Ts_bc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'initial'
  velocity_as_vector = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz/heat_rate_heat_flux_rz.i)

# Tests the HeatRateHeatFluxRZ post-processor.

R_o = 0.2
thickness = 0.05
R_i = ${fparse R_o - thickness}

L = 3.0
S = ${fparse 2 * pi * R_o * L}

Q = 5000
q = ${fparse Q / S}

[SolidProperties]
  [region1-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '1 2 3'
    orientation = '1 1 1'
    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    length = ${L}
    n_elems = 50

    names = 'region1'
    solid_properties = 'region1-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    widths = '${thickness}'
    n_part_elems = '5'

    initial_T = 300
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_pp]
    type = HeatRateHeatFluxRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:outer
    axis_point = '1 2 3'
    axis_dir = '1 1 1'
    q = ${q}
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_transfer_from_heat_structure_1phase/phy.T_wall_transfer_3eqn_x.i)

# Testing that T_solid gets properly projected onto a pipe
# That's why Hw in pipe1 is set to 0, so we do not have any heat exchange
# Note that the pipe and the heat structure have an opposite orientation, which
# is crucial for this test.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1.e5
  initial_vel = 0.
  initial_T = 300.

  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [eos]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [wall-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 100.0
    rho = 100.0
    cp = 100.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [T_init]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = '290 + sin((1 - x) * pi * 1.4)'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 -0.2 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50

    A   = 9.6858407346e-01
    D_h = 6.1661977237e+00

    f = 0.01

    fp = eos
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '1 -0.1 0'
    orientation = '-1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 50
    #rotation = 90

    solid_properties = 'wall-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
    n_part_elems = 3
    widths = '0.1'
    names = 'wall'

    initial_T = T_init
  []

  [hxconn]
    type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
    hs = hs
    hs_side = outer
    flow_channel = pipe1
    Hw = 0
    P_hf = 6.2831853072e-01
  []

  [inlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
  []

  [outlet]
    type = SolidWall1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:out'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'
  dt = 1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-5
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    show = 'T_wall T_solid'
  []
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/total_power/clg.power.i)

[Functions]
  [decayheatcurve]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0'
    y = '1.0 .8382 .572 .3806 .2792 .2246 .1904 .1672 .1503 .1376 .1275 .1032 .09884
             .09209 .0869 .08271 .07922 .07375 .06967'
  []

  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    # this matches the decay heat curve function
    x = '0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0'
    y = '0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0  2.0'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [total_power]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 1.
  []

  [ch1:solid]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    initial_T = 300
    names = '0'
    widths = '1'
    n_part_elems = '1'
    solid_properties = 'mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [reactor_power_control]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
    function = decayheatcurve
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [reactor_power]
    type = RealComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = total_power
    parameter = power
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 10

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'reactor_power'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/postprocessors/side_flux_integral_rz/side_flux_integral_rz.i)

# Tests the SideFluxIntegralRZ post-processor, both for an axial boundary and
# a radial boundary.
#
# The temperature distribution and thermal conductivity are set as follows:
#   T(x,r) = xr
#   k = 5
#
# First, the following axial boundary is tested:
#   (x,r) in x0 X (r0, r1),
#   x0 = 3, r0 = 1.5, r1 = 2.2
# with n = +e_x (positive x-direction).
# In this case, the integral of [-k grad(T) * n] is
#   Q = -2/3 pi k (r1^3 - r0^3)
#     = -76.16267789852857
#
# Next, the following radial boundary is tested:
#  (x,r) in (x0,x1) X r0
#  x0 = 0, x1 = 5, r0 = 1.5
# with n = -e_r (negative r-direction).
# In this case, the integral of [-k grad(T) * n] is
#   Q = pi * r0 * k (x1^2 - x0^2)
#     = 589.0486225480862

R_i = 1.0

[Functions]
  [T_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'x * y'
  []
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [hsmat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 5
    cp = 1
    rho = 1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [heat_structure]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical

    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '3 2'
    n_elems = '5 4'
    axial_region_names = 'axial1 axial2'

    inner_radius = ${R_i}
    names = 'radial1 radial2'
    solid_properties = 'hsmat hsmat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'
    widths = '0.5 0.7'
    n_part_elems = '2 3'

    initial_T = T_fn
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [Q_axial]
    type = ADSideFluxIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:radial2:axial1:axial2
    variable = T_solid
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
  [Q_radial]
    type = ADSideFluxIntegralRZ
    boundary = heat_structure:radial1:radial2
    variable = T_solid
    diffusivity = thermal_conductivity
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  solve = false
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 0
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'INITIAL'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/separated.i)

# Tests HeatStructure2DCoupler when the heat structures are separated by some
# distance. The first heat structure has a larger coupling surface than the
# second heat structure. The component will be used to model a given energy
# transfer rate per unit temperature difference [W/K]. This test checks that:
#   a) heat transfer occurs in the correct direction
#   b) energy is conserved
#
# With a goal of transferring 5 W/K and a temperature difference of 200 K, and
# a transient time of 10 seconds, ~10 kJ should be transferred. Note that this
# estimate will not be exact since the temperature difference changes slightly
# over the transient.

initial_T1 = 500
initial_T2 = 300

R1 = 0.1
R2 = 0.05

P2 = ${fparse 2 * pi * R2}

power_per_K = 5.0
L_hs = 0.5
htc = ${fparse power_per_K / (L_hs * P2)}

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${L_hs}'
    n_elems = '5'

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${R1}'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${initial_T1}
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0.3 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '${L_hs}'
    n_elems = '5'

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '${R2}'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = ${initial_T2}
  []

  [hs_coupling]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs1
    secondary_heat_structure = hs2
    primary_boundary = hs1:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs2:outer
    heat_transfer_coefficient = ${htc}
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_hs1]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    axis_point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs1_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs1
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [E_hs2]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs2:region1'
    axis_dir = '1 0 0'
    axis_point = '0 0.3 0'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_hs2_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_hs2
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []

  [E_tot]
    type = SumPostprocessor
    values = 'E_hs1 E_hs2'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
  [E_tot_change]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = E_tot
    change_with_respect_to_initial = true
    compute_relative_change = true
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1.0
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  show = 'E_hs1_change E_hs2_change E_tot_change'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_2d_coupler/heat_structure_2d_coupler.i)

[SolidProperties]
  [hs_mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 15
    cp = 500
    rho = 8000
  []
[]

[Components]
  [hs1]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '-0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 500
  []

  [hs2]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = '0.5 0.5'
    n_elems = '5 5'
    axial_region_names = 'axregion1 axregion2'

    names = 'region1 region2'
    widths = '0.5 0.2'
    n_part_elems = '5 3'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300'

    initial_T = 300
  []

  [hs3]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0.5 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 0.5
    n_elems = 5

    names = 'region1'
    widths = '0.5'
    n_part_elems = '5'
    solid_properties = 'hs_mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300'

    initial_T = 500
  []

  [hs_coupling_1_2]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs2
    secondary_heat_structure = hs1
    primary_boundary = hs2:region1:start
    secondary_boundary = hs1:end
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 1000
  []

  [hs_coupling_2_3]
    type = HeatStructure2DCoupler
    primary_heat_structure = hs2
    secondary_heat_structure = hs3
    primary_boundary = hs2:axregion2:outer
    secondary_boundary = hs3:inner
    heat_transfer_coefficient = 500
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [E_tot]
    type = ADHeatStructureEnergyRZ
    block = 'hs1:region1 hs2:region1 hs2:region2 hs3:region1'
    execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1000
  num_steps = 10
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = 'cylindrical'
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/heat_structure_base/err.no_T_ic.i)

# Tests that error is generated when no initial temperature function is provided
# when not restarting.

[GlobalParams]
[]

[SolidProperties]
  [fuel-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 3.65
    cp = 288.734
    rho = 1.0412e2
  []
  [gap-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 1.084498
    cp = 1.0
    rho = 1.0
  []
  [clad-mat]
    type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
    k = 16.48672
    cp = 321.384
    rho = 6.6e1
  []
[]

[Components]
  [reactor]
    type = TotalPower
    power = 296153.84615384615385
  []

  [hs]
    type = HeatStructureCylindrical
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'

    length = 1
    n_elems = 1
    names = 'FUEL GAP CLAD'
    widths = '0.0046955  0.0000955  0.000673'
    n_part_elems = '1 1 1'
    solid_properties = 'fuel-mat gap-mat clad-mat'
    solid_properties_T_ref = '300 300 300'
  []

  [temp_outside]
    type = HSBoundarySpecifiedTemperature
    hs = hs
    boundary = hs:outer
    T = 600
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = 'bdf2'

  dt = 0.1
  dtmin = 1e-1

  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  nl_max_its = 30

  l_tol = 1e-4
  l_max_its = 300

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 2.0
[]

Usage
Input Parameters
Mesh
Variables
Formulation
Input Files