InterfaceKernel.C

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//* This file is part of the MOOSE framework
//* https://mooseframework.inl.gov
//*
//* All rights reserved, see COPYRIGHT for full restrictions
//* https://github.com/idaholab/moose/blob/master/COPYRIGHT
//*
//* Licensed under LGPL 2.1, please see LICENSE for details
//* https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html

#include "InterfaceKernel.h"

// MOOSE includes
#include "Assembly.h"
#include "MooseVariableFE.h"
#include "SystemBase.h"
#include "AuxiliarySystem.h"
#include "FEProblemBase.h"

#include "libmesh/quadrature.h"

template <typename T>
InputParameters
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::validParams()
{
  InputParameters params = InterfaceKernelBase::validParams();
  if (std::is_same<T, Real>::value)
    params.registerBase("InterfaceKernel");
  else if (std::is_same<T, RealVectorValue>::value)
    params.registerBase("VectorInterfaceKernel");
  else
    ::mooseError("unsupported InterfaceKernelTempl specialization");
  return params;
}

template <typename T>
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::InterfaceKernelTempl(const InputParameters & parameters)
  : InterfaceKernelBase(parameters),
    NeighborMooseVariableInterface<T>(this,
                                      false,
                                      Moose::VarKindType::VAR_SOLVER,
                                      std::is_same<T, Real>::value
                                          ? Moose::VarFieldType::VAR_FIELD_STANDARD
                                          : Moose::VarFieldType::VAR_FIELD_VECTOR),
    _var(*this->mooseVariable()),
    _normals(_assembly.normals()),
    _u(_is_implicit ? _var.sln() : _var.slnOld()),
    _grad_u(_is_implicit ? _var.gradSln() : _var.gradSlnOld()),
    _phi(_assembly.phiFace(_var)),
    _grad_phi(_assembly.gradPhiFace(_var)),
    _test(_var.phiFace()),
    _grad_test(_var.gradPhiFace()),
    _neighbor_var(*getVarHelper<MooseVariableFE<T>>("neighbor_var", 0)),
    _neighbor_value(_is_implicit ? _neighbor_var.slnNeighbor() : _neighbor_var.slnOldNeighbor()),
    _grad_neighbor_value(_neighbor_var.gradSlnNeighbor()),
    _phi_neighbor(_assembly.phiFaceNeighbor(_neighbor_var)),
    _grad_phi_neighbor(_assembly.gradPhiFaceNeighbor(_neighbor_var)),
    _test_neighbor(_neighbor_var.phiFaceNeighbor()),
    _grad_test_neighbor(_neighbor_var.gradPhiFaceNeighbor()),
    _same_system(_var.sys().number() == _neighbor_var.sys().number())
{
  // Neighbor variable dependency is added by
  // NeighborCoupleableMooseVariableDependencyIntermediateInterface
  addMooseVariableDependency(this->mooseVariable());

  if (!parameters.isParamValid("boundary"))
    mooseError(
        "In order to use an interface kernel, you must specify a boundary where it will live.");

  if (parameters.isParamSetByUser("save_in"))
  {
    if (_save_in_strings.size() != _save_in_var_side.size())
      mooseError("save_in and save_in_var_side must be the same length");
    else
    {
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < _save_in_strings.size(); ++i)
      {
        MooseVariable * var = &_subproblem.getStandardVariable(_tid, _save_in_strings[i]);

        if (_sys.hasVariable(_save_in_strings[i]))
          mooseError("Trying to use solution variable " + _save_in_strings[i] +
                     " as a save_in variable in " + name());

        if (_save_in_var_side[i] == "m")
        {
          if (var->feType() != _var.feType())
            mooseError(
                "Error in " + name() +
                ". There is a mismatch between the fe_type of the save-in Auxiliary variable "
                "and the fe_type of the the primary side nonlinear "
                "variable this interface kernel object is acting on.");
          _primary_save_in_residual_variables.push_back(var);
        }
        else
        {
          if (var->feType() != _neighbor_var.feType())
            mooseError(
                "Error in " + name() +
                ". There is a mismatch between the fe_type of the save-in Auxiliary variable "
                "and the fe_type of the the secondary side nonlinear "
                "variable this interface kernel object is acting on.");
          _secondary_save_in_residual_variables.push_back(var);
        }

        var->sys().addVariableToZeroOnResidual(_save_in_strings[i]);
        addMooseVariableDependency(var);
      }
    }
  }

  _has_primary_residuals_saved_in = _primary_save_in_residual_variables.size() > 0;
  _has_secondary_residuals_saved_in = _secondary_save_in_residual_variables.size() > 0;

  if (parameters.isParamSetByUser("diag_save_in"))
  {
    if (_diag_save_in_strings.size() != _diag_save_in_var_side.size())
      mooseError("diag_save_in and diag_save_in_var_side must be the same length");
    else
    {
      for (unsigned i = 0; i < _diag_save_in_strings.size(); ++i)
      {
        MooseVariable * var = &_subproblem.getStandardVariable(_tid, _diag_save_in_strings[i]);

        if (_sys.hasVariable(_diag_save_in_strings[i]))
          mooseError("Trying to use solution variable " + _diag_save_in_strings[i] +
                     " as a save_in variable in " + name());

        if (_diag_save_in_var_side[i] == "m")
        {
          if (var->feType() != _var.feType())
            mooseError(
                "Error in " + name() +
                ". There is a mismatch between the fe_type of the save-in Auxiliary variable "
                "and the fe_type of the the primary side nonlinear "
                "variable this interface kernel object is acting on.");
          _primary_save_in_jacobian_variables.push_back(var);
        }
        else
        {
          if (var->feType() != _neighbor_var.feType())
            mooseError(
                "Error in " + name() +
                ". There is a mismatch between the fe_type of the save-in Auxiliary variable "
                "and the fe_type of the the secondary side nonlinear "
                "variable this interface kernel object is acting on.");
          _secondary_save_in_jacobian_variables.push_back(var);
        }

        var->sys().addVariableToZeroOnJacobian(_diag_save_in_strings[i]);
        addMooseVariableDependency(var);
      }
    }
  }

  _has_primary_jacobians_saved_in = _primary_save_in_jacobian_variables.size() > 0;
  _has_secondary_jacobians_saved_in = _secondary_save_in_jacobian_variables.size() > 0;
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeElemNeighResidual(Moose::DGResidualType type)
{
  bool is_elem;
  if (type == Moose::Element)
    is_elem = true;
  else
    is_elem = false;

  const TemplateVariableTestValue & test_space = is_elem ? _test : _test_neighbor;

  if (is_elem)
    prepareVectorTag(_assembly, _var.number());
  else
    prepareVectorTagNeighbor(_assembly, _neighbor_var.number());

  for (_qp = 0; _qp < _qrule->n_points(); _qp++)
  {
    initQpResidual(type);
    for (_i = 0; _i < test_space.size(); _i++)
      _local_re(_i) += _JxW[_qp] * _coord[_qp] * computeQpResidual(type);
  }

  accumulateTaggedLocalResidual();

  // To save the diagonal of the Jacobian
  if (_has_primary_residuals_saved_in && is_elem)
    for (const auto & var : _primary_save_in_residual_variables)
      var->sys().solution().add_vector(_local_re, var->dofIndices());
  else if (_has_secondary_residuals_saved_in && !is_elem)
    for (const auto & var : _secondary_save_in_residual_variables)
      var->sys().solution().add_vector(_local_re, var->dofIndicesNeighbor());
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeResidual()
{
  // in the gmsh mesh format (at least in the version 2 format) the "sideset" physical entities are
  // associated only with the lower-dimensional geometric entity that is the boundary between two
  // higher-dimensional element faces. It does not have a sidedness to it like the exodus format
  // does. Consequently we may naively try to execute an interface kernel twice, one time where _var
  // has dofs on _current_elem *AND* _neighbor_var has dofs on _neighbor_elem, and the other time
  // where _var has dofs on _neighbor_elem and _neighbor_var has dofs on _current_elem. We only want
  // to execute in the former case. In the future we should remove this and add some kind of "block"
  // awareness to interface kernels to avoid all the unnecessary reinit that happens before we hit
  // this return
  if (!_var.activeOnSubdomain(_current_elem->subdomain_id()) ||
      !_neighbor_var.activeOnSubdomain(_neighbor_elem->subdomain_id()))
    return;

  precalculateResidual();

  // Compute the residual for this element
  computeElemNeighResidual(Moose::Element);

  // Compute the residual for the neighbor
  // This also prevents computing a residual if the neighbor variable is auxiliary
  if (_same_system)
    computeElemNeighResidual(Moose::Neighbor);
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::DGJacobianType type)
{
  const TemplateVariableTestValue & test_space =
      (type == Moose::ElementElement || type == Moose::ElementNeighbor) ? _test : _test_neighbor;
  const TemplateVariableTestValue & loc_phi =
      (type == Moose::ElementElement || type == Moose::NeighborElement) ? _phi : _phi_neighbor;

  unsigned int ivar, jvar;

  switch (type)
  {
    case Moose::ElementElement:
      ivar = jvar = _var.number();
      break;
    case Moose::ElementNeighbor:
      ivar = _var.number(), jvar = _neighbor_var.number();
      break;
    case Moose::NeighborElement:
      ivar = _neighbor_var.number(), jvar = _var.number();
      break;
    case Moose::NeighborNeighbor:
      ivar = _neighbor_var.number(), jvar = _neighbor_var.number();
      break;
    default:
      mooseError("Unknown DGJacobianType ", type);
  }

  if (type == Moose::ElementElement)
    prepareMatrixTag(_assembly, ivar, jvar);
  else
    prepareMatrixTagNeighbor(_assembly, ivar, jvar, type);

  for (_qp = 0; _qp < _qrule->n_points(); _qp++)
  {
    initQpJacobian(type);
    for (_i = 0; _i < test_space.size(); _i++)
      for (_j = 0; _j < loc_phi.size(); _j++)
        _local_ke(_i, _j) += _JxW[_qp] * _coord[_qp] * computeQpJacobian(type);
  }

  accumulateTaggedLocalMatrix();

  // To save the diagonal of the Jacobian
  if (_has_primary_jacobians_saved_in && type == Moose::ElementElement)
  {
    auto rows = _local_ke.m();
    DenseVector<Number> diag(rows);
    for (decltype(rows) i = 0; i < rows; i++)
      diag(i) = _local_ke(i, i);

    for (const auto & var : _primary_save_in_jacobian_variables)
      var->sys().solution().add_vector(diag, var->dofIndices());
  }
  else if (_has_secondary_jacobians_saved_in && type == Moose::NeighborNeighbor)
  {
    auto rows = _local_ke.m();
    DenseVector<Number> diag(rows);
    for (decltype(rows) i = 0; i < rows; i++)
      diag(i) = _local_ke(i, i);

    for (const auto & var : _secondary_save_in_jacobian_variables)
      var->sys().solution().add_vector(diag, var->dofIndicesNeighbor());
  }
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeJacobian()
{
  // in the gmsh mesh format (at least in the version 2 format) the "sideset" physical entities are
  // associated only with the lower-dimensional geometric entity that is the boundary between two
  // higher-dimensional element faces. It does not have a sidedness to it like the exodus format
  // does. Consequently we may naively try to execute an interface kernel twice, one time where _var
  // has dofs on _current_elem *AND* _neighbor_var has dofs on _neighbor_elem, and the other time
  // where _var has dofs on _neighbor_elem and _neighbor_var has dofs on _current_elem. We only want
  // to execute in the former case. In the future we should remove this and add some kind of "block"
  // awareness to interface kernels to avoid all the unnecessary reinit that happens before we hit
  // this return
  if (!_var.activeOnSubdomain(_current_elem->subdomain_id()) ||
      !_neighbor_var.activeOnSubdomain(_neighbor_elem->subdomain_id()))
    return;

  precalculateJacobian();

  computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::ElementElement);
  if (_same_system)
    computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::NeighborNeighbor);
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeOffDiagElemNeighJacobian(Moose::DGJacobianType type,
                                                         unsigned int jvar)
{
  const TemplateVariableTestValue & test_space =
      (type == Moose::ElementElement || type == Moose::ElementNeighbor) ? _test : _test_neighbor;
  const TemplateVariableTestValue & loc_phi =
      (type == Moose::ElementElement || type == Moose::NeighborElement) ? _phi : _phi_neighbor;

  unsigned int ivar;

  if (type == Moose::ElementElement || type == Moose::ElementNeighbor)
    ivar = _var.number();
  else
    ivar = _neighbor_var.number();

  if (type == Moose::ElementElement)
    prepareMatrixTag(_assembly, ivar, jvar);
  else
    prepareMatrixTagNeighbor(_assembly, ivar, jvar, type);

  // Prevent calling of Jacobian computation if jvar doesn't lie in the current block
  if ((_local_ke.m() == test_space.size()) && (_local_ke.n() == loc_phi.size()))
    for (_qp = 0; _qp < _qrule->n_points(); _qp++)
    {
      initQpOffDiagJacobian(type, jvar);
      for (_i = 0; _i < test_space.size(); _i++)
        for (_j = 0; _j < loc_phi.size(); _j++)
          _local_ke(_i, _j) += _JxW[_qp] * _coord[_qp] * computeQpOffDiagJacobian(type, jvar);
    }

  accumulateTaggedLocalMatrix();
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeElementOffDiagJacobian(unsigned int jvar)
{
  // in the gmsh mesh format (at least in the version 2 format) the "sideset" physical entities are
  // associated only with the lower-dimensional geometric entity that is the boundary between two
  // higher-dimensional element faces. It does not have a sidedness to it like the exodus format
  // does. Consequently we may naively try to execute an interface kernel twice, one time where _var
  // has dofs on _current_elem *AND* _neighbor_var has dofs on _neighbor_elem, and the other time
  // where _var has dofs on _neighbor_elem and _neighbor_var has dofs on _current_elem. We only want
  // to execute in the former case. In the future we should remove this and add some kind of "block"
  // awareness to interface kernels to avoid all the unnecessary reinit that happens before we hit
  // this return
  if (!_var.activeOnSubdomain(_current_elem->subdomain_id()) ||
      !_neighbor_var.activeOnSubdomain(_neighbor_elem->subdomain_id()))
    return;

  bool is_jvar_not_interface_var = true;
  if (jvar == _var.number())
  {
    precalculateJacobian();
    computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::ElementElement);
    is_jvar_not_interface_var = false;
  }
  if (jvar == _neighbor_var.number() && _same_system)
  {
    precalculateJacobian();
    computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::ElementNeighbor);
    is_jvar_not_interface_var = false;
  }

  if (is_jvar_not_interface_var)
  {
    precalculateOffDiagJacobian(jvar);
    computeOffDiagElemNeighJacobian(Moose::ElementElement, jvar);
    computeOffDiagElemNeighJacobian(Moose::ElementNeighbor, jvar);
  }
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeNeighborOffDiagJacobian(unsigned int jvar)
{
  // in the gmsh mesh format (at least in the version 2 format) the "sideset" physical entities are
  // associated only with the lower-dimensional geometric entity that is the boundary between two
  // higher-dimensional element faces. It does not have a sidedness to it like the exodus format
  // does. Consequently we may naively try to execute an interface kernel twice, one time where _var
  // has dofs on _current_elem *AND* _neighbor_var has dofs on _neighbor_elem, and the other time
  // where _var has dofs on _neighbor_elem and _neighbor_var has dofs on _current_elem. We only want
  // to execute in the former case. In the future we should remove this and add some kind of "block"
  // awareness to interface kernels to avoid all the unnecessary reinit that happens before we hit
  // this return
  if (!_var.activeOnSubdomain(_current_elem->subdomain_id()) ||
      !_neighbor_var.activeOnSubdomain(_neighbor_elem->subdomain_id()))
    return;

  // We don't care about any contribution to the neighbor Jacobian rows if it's not in the system
  // we are currently working with (the variable's system)
  if (!_same_system)
    return;

  bool is_jvar_not_interface_var = true;
  if (jvar == _var.number())
  {
    precalculateJacobian();
    computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::NeighborElement);
    is_jvar_not_interface_var = false;
  }
  if (jvar == _neighbor_var.number())
  {
    precalculateJacobian();
    computeElemNeighJacobian(Moose::NeighborNeighbor);
    is_jvar_not_interface_var = false;
  }

  if (is_jvar_not_interface_var)
  {
    precalculateOffDiagJacobian(jvar);
    computeOffDiagElemNeighJacobian(Moose::NeighborElement, jvar);
    computeOffDiagElemNeighJacobian(Moose::NeighborNeighbor, jvar);
  }
}

template <typename T>
void
InterfaceKernelTempl<T>::computeResidualAndJacobian()
{
  computeResidual();

  if (!isImplicit())
    return;

  for (const auto & [ivariable, jvariable] : _fe_problem.couplingEntries(_tid, _sys.number()))
  {
    if (ivariable->isFV())
      continue;

    const unsigned int ivar = ivariable->number();
    const unsigned int jvar = jvariable->number();

    prepareShapes(jvar);
    prepareNeighborShapes(jvar);

    if (_var.number() == ivar)
      computeElementOffDiagJacobian(jvar);

    if (_same_system)
      if (_neighbor_var.number() == ivar)
        computeNeighborOffDiagJacobian(jvar);
  }
}

// Explicitly instantiates the two versions of the InterfaceKernelTempl class
template class InterfaceKernelTempl<Real>;
template class InterfaceKernelTempl<RealVectorValue>;