SimpleTurbine1Phase

The 1-phase simple turbine component is modeled as a volume junction with source terms added to the momentum and energy equations due to the energy extraction and pressure drop.

Usage

A SimpleTurbine1Phase component must be connected to two FlowChannel1Phase boundaries. The first boundary specified in "connections" is assumed to be the inlet of the turbine and the second one is the outlet. The connected flow channels must have the same direction.

The user specifies the power to be extracted by the turbine using the parameter "power". Power will be extracted if the parameter "on" is set to true. Both parameters are controllable.

Input Parameters

connectionsJunction connections
C++ Type:std::vector<BoundaryName>
Controllable:No
Description:Junction connections
onFalseFlag determining if turbine is operating or not [-]
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Flag determining if turbine is operating or not [-]
positionSpatial position of the center of the junction [m]
C++ Type:libMesh::Point
Controllable:No
Description:Spatial position of the center of the junction [m]
powerTurbine power [W]
C++ Type:double
Controllable:Yes
Description:Turbine power [W]
volumeVolume of the junction [m^3]
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Volume of the junction [m^3]

Required Parameters

A_refReference area [m^2]
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Reference area [m^2]
K0Form loss factor [-]
Default:0
C++ Type:double
Controllable:Yes
Description:Form loss factor [-]
initial_TInitial temperature [K]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial temperature [K]
initial_pInitial pressure [Pa]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial pressure [Pa]
initial_vel_xInitial velocity in x-direction [m/s]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial velocity in x-direction [m/s]
initial_vel_yInitial velocity in y-direction [m/s]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial velocity in y-direction [m/s]
initial_vel_zInitial velocity in z-direction [m/s]
C++ Type:FunctionName
Controllable:No
Description:Initial velocity in z-direction [m/s]
scaling_factor_rhoEV1Scaling factor for rho*E*V [-]
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for rho*E*V [-]
scaling_factor_rhoV1Scaling factor for rho*V [-]
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for rho*V [-]
scaling_factor_rhouV1Scaling factor for rho*u*V [-]
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for rho*u*V [-]
scaling_factor_rhovV1Scaling factor for rho*v*V [-]
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for rho*v*V [-]
scaling_factor_rhowV1Scaling factor for rho*w*V [-]
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Controllable:No
Description:Scaling factor for rho*w*V [-]

Optional Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.

Advanced Parameters

Input Files

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.conservation.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_component_bool_value_control/test.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/jacobian.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/clg.test.i)

Formulation

The conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations for the turbine volume are similar to the equations used by JunctionParallelChannels1Phase but add the turbine momentum and energy source terms,

(1)var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-78ed45e8-87b0-4776-85a6-0f3b2b07592a");katex.render("S^{\\text{momentum}} = -\\Delta p A ~ \\hat{n}_{\\text{out}},", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});

and

(2)var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-e79c498d-5fb1-4e3a-a35b-cf1e4c8127be");katex.render("S^{\\text{energy}} = - \\dot{Q} ,", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});

where

$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-3036a15e-e356-4e99-9332-8c3c515463f4");katex.render("\\Delta p", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the turbine pressure drop,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-369c6055-071f-4232-8abd-9a36b4d5579a");katex.render("A", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the cross-sectional area of the inlet flow channel,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-42d44004-c364-4fe6-9af7-946ec6c9ed24");katex.render("\\hat{n}_{out}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the orientation of the flow channel connected to the turbine outlet, and
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-cba557d1-db00-4d5c-955f-99f01be09cd2");katex.render("\\dot{Q}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the power extracted.

Assuming that the process inside the turbine is isentropic, the pressure drop is

(3)var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-74238753-54db-42a2-bd9e-97c56776ad3d");katex.render("\\Delta p = p_{\\text{in}} \\left( 1 - \\left(1 - \\frac{\\dot{Q}}{\\dot{m}h} \\right)^{\\frac{\\gamma}{\\gamma-1}}\\right) ,", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});

where

$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-ec3e5279-5c83-4bdd-9209-be0469e59ebe");katex.render("p_{\\text{in}}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the pressure at the inlet of the turbine,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-bd6b11cf-5bda-48a7-9452-aa81c460a097");katex.render("\\dot{m}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the mass flow rate entering the turbine,
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-f094051c-e0af-4349-a67c-a7308b42fac2");katex.render("h", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ in the specific enthalpy at the inlet of the turbine, and
$var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-84d6a807-e79d-46f1-a28d-581deee4a34e");katex.render("\\gamma", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false,macros:{"\\eqc":"\\,,","\\eqp":"\\,.","\\pd":"\\frac{\\partial #1}{\\partial #2}","\\pr":"\\left(#1\\right)","\\ddt":"\\frac{d #1}{d t}"}});$ is the heat capacity ratio.

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.01
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    on = true
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 10

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5

  nl_max_its = 5
  l_tol = 1e-4
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  show = 'p T vel'
  velocity_as_vector = false
  interval = 5
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/phy.conservation.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 4.3
  initial_vel_x = 4.3
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  rdg_slope_reconstruction = minmod
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.4
    molar_mass = 0.01
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    m_dot = 10
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = true
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = mass
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [mass_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = mass
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [mass_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1'
    pp_names = 'mass_in mass_out'
  []
  [p_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:in
    variable = p
  []
  [vel_in]
    type = SideAverageValue
    boundary = pipe1:in
    variable = vel_x
  []
  [momentum_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = momentum
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [momentum_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = momentum
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [dP]
    type = ParsedPostprocessor
    pp_names = 'p_in W_dot'
    function = 'p_in * (1 - (1-W_dot/(10*2910.06*517))^(1.4/0.4))'
  []
  [momentum_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
    pp_names = 'momentum_in momentum_out dP' # momentum source = -dP * A and A=1
  []

  [energy_in]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = energy
    boundary = inlet
  []
  [energy_out]
    type = ADFlowBoundaryFlux1Phase
    equation = energy
    boundary = outlet
  []
  [W_dot]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = turbine:W_dot
  []
  [energy_diff]
    type = LinearCombinationPostprocessor
    pp_coefs = '1 -1 -1'
    pp_names = 'energy_in energy_out W_dot'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 0.5

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'

  nl_rel_tol = 1e-7
  nl_abs_tol = 2e-6

  nl_max_its = 10
  l_tol = 1e-3

  # automatic_scaling = true
  # compute_scaling_once = false
  # off_diagonals_in_auto_scaling = true
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'mass_diff energy_diff momentum_diff'
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_component_bool_value_control/test.i)

# This is testing that the values set by SetComponentBoolValueControl are used.
# The `trip_ctrl` component produces a boolean value that is set in the
# `turbine` component to switch it on/off.

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 100.e3
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_T = 350.
  initial_vel_x = 0
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1e-2 1e-4'
  closures = simple_closures
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 2.35
    q = -1167e3
    q_prime = 0
    p_inf = 1.e9
    cv = 1816
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
    input = 'fch1:in'
    p0 = 100.e3
    T0 = 350.
  []

  [fch1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    position = '1 0 0'
    connections = 'fch1:out fch2:in'
    volume = 1
    on = false
    power = 1
  []

  [fch2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    fp = fp
    position = '1 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1.0
    n_elems = 10
    A    = 0.01
    D_h  = 0.1
    f = 0.01
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'fch2:out'
    p = 100.0e3
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [trip_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 1
      1 2'
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [trip_ctrl]
    type = UnitTripControl
    condition = 'val > 1.5'
    symbol_names = 'val'
    symbol_values = 'trip_fn'
  []

  [set_comp_value]
    type = SetComponentBoolValueControl
    component = turbine
    parameter = on
    value = trip_ctrl:state
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [on_ctrl]
    type = BoolComponentParameterValuePostprocessor
    component = turbine
    parameter = on
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP_PJFNK]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 0.1
  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = NEWTON
  line_search = 'basic'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-5
  nl_max_its = 20

  l_tol = 1e-3
  l_max_its = 5

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu'

  start_time = 0.0
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    show = 'on_ctrl'
  []
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/jacobian.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  fp = fp

  closures = simple_closures
  f = 0

  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.43
    cv = 1040.0
    q = 2.03e6
    p_inf = 0.0
    q_prime = -2.3e4
    k = 0.026
    mu = 134.4e-7
    M = 0.01801488
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Components]
  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = false
    power = 1000
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 2
    A = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1

  abort_on_solve_fail = true

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = ' 1e-11'
[]

(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/simple_turbine_1phase/clg.test.i)

[GlobalParams]
  initial_p = 1e6
  initial_T = 517
  initial_vel = 1.0
  initial_vel_x = 1
  initial_vel_y = 0
  initial_vel_z = 0

  f = 0
  fp = fp
  closures = simple_closures
  gravity_vector = '0 0 0'

  automatic_scaling = true
[]

[FluidProperties]
  [fp]
    type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
    gamma = 1.43
    cv = 1040.0
    q = 2.03e6
    p_inf = 0.0
    q_prime = -2.3e4
    k = 0.026
    mu = 134.4e-7
    M = 0.01801488
  []
[]

[Closures]
  [simple_closures]
    type = Closures1PhaseSimple
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [W_dot_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0 0
      1 10'
  []
[]

[Components]
  [inlet]
    type = InletVelocityTemperature1Phase
    input = 'pipe1:in'
    vel = 1
    T = 517
  []

  [pipe1]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '0 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [turbine]
    type = SimpleTurbine1Phase
    connections = 'pipe1:out pipe2:in'
    position = '1 0 0'
    volume = 1
    A_ref = 1.0
    K = 0
    on = true
    power = 0
  []

  [pipe2]
    type = FlowChannel1Phase
    position = '1. 0 0'
    orientation = '1 0 0'
    length = 1
    n_elems = 10
    A = 1
  []

  [outlet]
    type = Outlet1Phase
    input = 'pipe2:out'
    p = 1e6
  []
[]

[ControlLogic]
  [W_dot_ctrl]
    type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
    component = turbine
    parameter = power
    function = W_dot_fn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [pc]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  scheme = bdf2

  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 10

  solve_type = 'newton'
  line_search = 'basic'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu'
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_max_its = 5
  l_tol = 1e-4

  abort_on_solve_fail = true
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [W_dot]
    type = ScalarVariable
    variable = turbine:W_dot
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    show = 'W_dot'
  []
[]

Usage
Input Parameters
Input Files
Formulation