PorousFlowDictator

Holds information on the PorousFlow variable names

The PorousFlowDictator provides information about the valid PorousFlow variables, as well as the number of fluid components and fluid phases to other PorousFlow objects in a simulation.

note

This must be present in all simulations!

Input Parameters

number_fluid_componentsThe number of fluid components in the simulation
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The number of fluid components in the simulation
number_fluid_phasesThe number of fluid phases in the simulation
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The number of fluid phases in the simulation
porous_flow_varsList of primary variables that are used in the PorousFlow simulation. Jacobian entries involving derivatives wrt these variables will be computed. In single-phase models you will just have one (eg 'pressure'), in two-phase models you will have two (eg 'p_water p_gas', or 'p_water s_water'), etc.
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Options:
Description:List of primary variables that are used in the PorousFlow simulation. Jacobian entries involving derivatives wrt these variables will be computed. In single-phase models you will just have one (eg 'pressure'), in two-phase models you will have two (eg 'p_water p_gas', or 'p_water s_water'), etc.

Required Parameters

aqueous_phase_number0The fluid phase number of the aqueous phase in which the equilibrium and kinetic chemical reactions occur
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The fluid phase number of the aqueous phase in which the equilibrium and kinetic chemical reactions occur
execute_onTIMESTEP_ENDThe list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed, the available options include NONE, INITIAL, LINEAR, NONLINEAR, TIMESTEP_END, TIMESTEP_BEGIN, FINAL, CUSTOM.
Default:TIMESTEP_END
C++ Type:ExecFlagEnum
Options:NONE, INITIAL, LINEAR, NONLINEAR, TIMESTEP_END, TIMESTEP_BEGIN, FINAL, CUSTOM
Description:The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed, the available options include NONE, INITIAL, LINEAR, NONLINEAR, TIMESTEP_END, TIMESTEP_BEGIN, FINAL, CUSTOM.
number_aqueous_equilibrium0The number of secondary species in the aqueous-equilibrium reaction system. (Leave as zero if the simulation does not involve chemistry)
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The number of secondary species in the aqueous-equilibrium reaction system. (Leave as zero if the simulation does not involve chemistry)
number_aqueous_kinetic0The number of secondary species in the aqueous-kinetic reaction system involved in precipitation and dissolution. (Leave as zero if the simulation does not involve chemistry)
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Options:
Description:The number of secondary species in the aqueous-kinetic reaction system involved in precipitation and dissolution. (Leave as zero if the simulation does not involve chemistry)

Optional Parameters

allow_duplicate_execution_on_initialFalseIn the case where this UserObject is depended upon by an initial condition, allow it to be executed twice during the initial setup (once before the IC and again after mesh adaptivity (if applicable).
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:In the case where this UserObject is depended upon by an initial condition, allow it to be executed twice during the initial setup (once before the IC and again after mesh adaptivity (if applicable).
control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Options:
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
force_preauxFalseForces the GeneralUserObject to be executed in PREAUX
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Forces the GeneralUserObject to be executed in PREAUX
force_preicFalseForces the GeneralUserObject to be executed in PREIC during initial setup
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Forces the GeneralUserObject to be executed in PREIC during initial setup
use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Options:
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Advanced Parameters

Input Files

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except19.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_gas.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/lava_lamp/2phase_convection.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/diff01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/methane.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/disp01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except17.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/except2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/bw01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/esbc02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower_except.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/radioactive_decay/radioactive_decay01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/thm_example/2D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_conduction/two_phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem15.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/undrained_oedometer.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_hm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/brine1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/desorped_mass01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/ideal_gas.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01b.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rsc01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addjoiner_exception.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_yr_MPa_C.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/water_vapor_phasechange.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_relperm_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/except01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution_limited_2phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_3comp_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except8.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/11_2D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/vol_expansion.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_1D_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_twophase_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/brooks_corey1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/tri3_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01_fullsat_upwind.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02a.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except16.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_thm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/desorption/desorption02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection5.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi_constM.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gas_injection_new_mesh.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/frompps.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/coal_mining/coarse_with_fluid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/co2_intercomparison/1Dradial/properties.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_thick_fracture_transient.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/hfrompps.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/except2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/brooks_corey2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/properties.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/coldwater_injection_radial.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/brooks_corey2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/except1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except21.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_relperm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01d.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/tet4_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_fullsat.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/wli01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01a.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/desorption/desorption01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/brine1_tabulated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except16.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_hr.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey4.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01c.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except14.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02b.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/vol_expansion_poroperm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_fully_saturated_volume.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_brineco2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02c.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/coarse_3D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gravityeq.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_predis.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/except1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except22.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/except1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcond01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except7.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except15.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcs01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_yr.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_relperm_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/vary_sat_1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01b.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rsc02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D_angle.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except20.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02d.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except5.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_transient.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02g.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/desorped_mass_vol_exp01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_jac.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux02_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_liquid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/thm_example/2D_c.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcond02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_equilibrium_2phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D_trimesh.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_3rd.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_twophase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_hightemp.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02f.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/unity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/wli02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/relperm_jac.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except14.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except6.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except15.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_dy.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_brineco2_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/reservoir_model/field_model.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/coarse.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/esbc01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass10_nodens.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/phe01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_steady.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except15.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/shear01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_constM.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection4.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux01_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hgs01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/1phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/squarepulse1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_constM.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_relperm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/co2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/lava_lamp/1phase_convection.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s09_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/except02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass05_nodens.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addmaterials2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/vol_expansion_poroperm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except18.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except16.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except14.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/relperm_jac_1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/brooks_corey1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/vangenuchten2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/coldwater_injection.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_gas.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_twophase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/quad_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_3D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_ic.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/co2_intercomparison/1Dradial/1Dradial.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/2phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01_nodens.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_MD.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addjoiner.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/water_vapor.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/tensile01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation_porosity_change.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_upwinded_grav01c.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/numerical_diffusion/pffltvd.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/compressive01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_liquid_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s11.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_twophase_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_nonisothermal.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/numerical_diffusion/no_action.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower_2D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gas_injection.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except9.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcs02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/coal_mining/fine_with_fluid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated_volume.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except2.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/density/GravDensity01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_1D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem14.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/disp01_heavy.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_KT.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi_fully_saturated_volume.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01c.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_tm.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/block_restricted_materials.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_thick_fracture_steady.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_liquid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection6.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/h2o.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/strain_at_nearest_qp.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution_limited.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_conduction/no_fluid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/hex_adaptivity.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/injection_production_eg.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01a.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/buckley_leverett/bl01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/except05.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/recover/theis.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/reservoir_model/regular_grid.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg_ic.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass10.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_steady.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem08.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS_KT.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02e.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_equilibrium.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_MPa.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/recover/pffltvd.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass07.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/vangenuchten1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem09.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s11_act.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except12.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey1.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass03.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_tabulated.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP_jac.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_3comp.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/bw02.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addmaterials.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation_2phase.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux04.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem06.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm3.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_vol_exp01.i)
(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/13.i)
(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/thermal_conductivity/ThermalCondPorosity01.i)

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except04.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    at_nodes = true # Needed to force exepected error
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    function_of = temperature
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d.i)

# 1phase, heat advecting with a moving fluid
# Full upwinding is used
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 50
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1-x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [spit_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 300
  []
  [suck_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1.3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 100
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 4.4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 0.6
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [T]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 51
    sort_by = x
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except19.i)

# Exception test
# No initial_mineral_concentrations
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = dummy
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = dummy
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [predis_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    chemical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.6
    reference_chemistry = ini_mineral_conc
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [c]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = mineral
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_gas.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowFluidState
# for conditions that give a single gas phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 5e4
    max = 1e5
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.9
    max = 0.99
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e3
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass02.i)

# checking that the mass postprocessor correctly calculates the mass
# 1phase, 2component, constant porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [mass_frac_comp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = x
    variable = pp
  []
  [minit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 'x*x'
    variable = mass_frac_comp0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = mass_frac_comp0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp mass_frac_comp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'mass_frac_comp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass_0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
  []
  [total_mass_1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mass02
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/lava_lamp/2phase_convection.i)

# Two phase density-driven convection of dissolved CO2 in brine
#
# Initially, the model has a gas phase at the top with a saturation of 0.29
# (which corresponds to an initial value of zi = 0.2).
# Diffusion of the dissolved CO2
# component from the saturated liquid to the unsaturated liquid below reduces the
# amount of CO2 in the gas phase. As the density of the CO2-saturated brine is greater
# than the unsaturated brine, a gravitational instability arises and density-driven
# convection of CO2-rich fingers descend into the unsaturated brine.
#
# The instability is seeded by a random perturbation to the porosity field.
# Mesh adaptivity is used to refine the mesh as the fingers form.
#
# Note: this model is computationally expensive, so should be run with multiple cores,
# preferably on a cluster.

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
[]

[Adaptivity]
  max_h_level = 2
  marker = marker
  initial_marker = initial
  initial_steps = 2
  [Indicators]
    [indicator]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = zi
    []
  []
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = indicator
      refine = 0.8
    []
    [initial]
      type = BoxMarker
      bottom_left = '0 1.95 0'
      top_right = '2 2 0'
      inside = REFINE
      outside = DO_NOTHING
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ymax = 2
  xmax = 2
  ny = 40
  nx = 40
  bias_y = 0.95
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.01
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [xco2l]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_liquid]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [xco2l]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = xco2l
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [density_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_liquid
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
    scaling = 1e4
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 10e6-9.81*1000*y
    variable = pgas
  []
  [zi]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = zi
    x1 = 0
    x2 = 2
    y1 = 1.95
    y2 = 2
    inside = 0.2
    outside = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = porosity
    min = 0.25
    max = 0.275
    seed = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2sw]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = co2sw
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = '45'
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = 'pgas'
    z = 'zi'
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = 'xnacl'
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = porosity
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
  []
  [diffusivity]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '2e-9 2e-9 2e-9 2e-9'
    tortuosity = '1 1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e6
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_max_its = 100
  dtmax = 1e4
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
    growth_factor = 2
    cutback_factor = 0.5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [flux]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vals = 'delta_xco2 dt'
    vars = 'dx dt'
    value = 'dx/dt'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_co2_in_gas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [total_co2_in_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
  [delta_xco2]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = total_co2_in_liquid
  []
  [dt]
    type = TimestepSize
  []
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = flux
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/diff01.i)

# Test diffusive part of PorousFlowDispersiveFlux kernel by setting dispersion
# coefficients to zero. Pressure is held constant over the mesh, and gravity is
# set to zero so that no advective transport of mass takes place.
# Mass fraction is set to 1 on the left hand side and 0 on the right hand side.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmax = 10
  bias_x = 1.1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = velocity
    component = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1e5
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = left
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = right
  []
  [pright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 1e5
  []
  [pleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1e5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.3
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1 1'
    tortuosity = 0.1
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 20
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    variable = massfrac0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten3.i)

# Test van Genuchten relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# van Genuchten exponent m = 0.5 for both phases
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    variable = p0aux
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = p1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1e-5
    m = 0.5
    sat_lr = 0.1
    s_scale = 0.8
    log_extension = false
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux p0aux p1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 500
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_02.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = quadratic
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp03.i)

# Tests the PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion kernel
# Fluid with constant bulk modulus, van-Genuchten capillary, HM porosity, multiply_by_density = false
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [p]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 2
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = jacobian2
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass08.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, HM porosity, 1component, unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/methane.i)

# Test MethaneFluidProperties
# Reference data from Irvine Jr, T. F. and Liley, P. E. (1984) Steam and
# Gas Tables with Computer Equations
#
# For temperature = 350K, the fluid properties should be:
# density = 55.13 kg/m^3
# viscosity = 0.01276 mPa.s
# h = 708.5 kJ/kg

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 350.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 'temp'
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [methane]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    fp = methane
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [methane]
      type = MethaneFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = methane
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation.i)

# A sample is constrained on all sides and its boundaries are
# also impermeable.  Fluid is pumped into the sample via a
# volumetric source (ie kg/second per cubic meter), and the
# rise in porepressure is observed.
#
# Source = s  (units = kg/m^3/second)
#
# Expect:
# fluid_mass = mass0 + s*t
# stress = 0 (remember this is effective stress)
# Porepressure = fluid_bulk*log(fluid_mass_density/density_P0), where fluid_mass_density = fluid_mass*porosity
# porosity = biot+(phi0-biot)*exp(pp(biot-1)/solid_bulk)
#
# Parameters:
# Biot coefficient = 0.3
# Phi0 = 0.1
# Solid Bulk modulus = 2
# fluid_bulk = 13
# density_P0 = 1


[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = 0.1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = porosity
    property = porosity
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 13
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    solid_bulk = 2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0   0 1 0   0 0 1' # unimportant
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [porosity_analytic]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'biot+(phi0-biot)*exp(pp*(biot-1)/bulk)'
    vars = 'biot phi0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.3 0.1 p0 2'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [porosity_analytic]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = porosity_analytic
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_max_it -snes_stol'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 10000 1E-11'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = pp_generation
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/disp01.i)

# Test dispersive part of PorousFlowDispersiveFlux kernel by setting diffusion
# coefficients to zero. A pressure gradient is applied over the mesh to give a
# uniform velocity. Gravity is set to zero.
# Mass fraction is set to 1 on the left hand side and 0 on the right hand side.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = velocity
    component = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = pic
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [pic]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 1.1e5-x*1e3
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [xleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = left
  []
  [xright]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = right
  []
  [pright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 1e5
  []
  [pleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1.1e5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0.2
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0.2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.3
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '0 0'
    tortuosity = 0.1
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e3
  dtmax = 50
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    growth_factor = 1.5
    cutback_factor = 0.5
    dt = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    variable = massfrac0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except17.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of equilibrium reactions

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd02.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 120
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 6
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-2 1 10 500 5000 50000'
    x = '0 10 100 1000 10000 500000'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.336
    alpha = 1.43e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      viscosity = 1.01e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    m = 0.336
    seff_turnover = 0.99
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.33
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.295E-12 0 0  0 0.295E-12 0  0 0 0.295E-12'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-10 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [base]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '6 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 121
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 345600

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = rd02
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/except2.i)

# Exception test: fluid=true but no solid_bulk is provided
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 4
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '0.5 * x'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [dummy_t]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [dummy_x]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_y]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_z]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    variable = porosity
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    mechanical = true
    fluid = true
    thermal = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.5
    reference_porepressure = 3
    reference_temperature = 3.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp02.i)

# Tests the PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion kernel
# Fluid with constant bulk modulus, van-Genuchten capillary, HM porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [p]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 2
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = jacobian2
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/bw01.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 400
  ny = 1
  xmin = -10
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-5 1E-2 1E-2 1E-1'
    x = '0 1E-5 1 10'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    C = 1.5
    las = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 4
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    Kn = 0
    Ks = 1
    C = 1.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = -9E2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [recharge]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    flux_function = -1.25 # corresponds to Rstar being 0.5 because i have to multiply by density*porosity
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '-10 0 0'
    end_point = '10 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 101
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 8

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bw01
  sync_times = '0.5 2 8'
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/esbc02.i)

# Tests the Jacobian of PorousFlowEnthalpySink when pressure

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  at_nodes = true
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = PorousFlowEnthalpySink
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    porepressure_var = pressure
    T_in = 300
    fp = simple_fluid
    flux_function = -23
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-1'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower_except.i)

# Exception testing for PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
# Checking that an error is produced if the AuxVariable is not defined only on
# lower-dimensional elements
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = fractured_block.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '1 0.5 0.2'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [fracture_vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [fracture_vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1E16
      viscosity = 10
      density0 = 2
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress03.i)

# 2phase (PP)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
# RZ coordinates
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [grad0]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [grad1]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass01.i)

# checking that the mass postprocessor correctly calculates the mass
# 1phase, 1component, constant porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = x
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mass01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/radioactive_decay/radioactive_decay01.i)

# checking radioactive decay
# 1phase, 1component, constant porosity
#
# Note that we don't get mass = mass0 * exp(-Lambda * t)
# because of the time discretisation.  We are solving
# the equation
# (mass - mass0)/dt = -Lambda * mass
# which has the solution
# mass = mass0/(1 + Lambda * dt)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 10
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [decay]
    type = PorousFlowMassRadioactiveDecay
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    decay_rate = 2.0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [total_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
  []
  [should_be_zero]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = should_be_0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [should_be_0]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'm0 m rate dt'
    vals = 'total_mass0 total_mass 2.0 1'
    value = 'm-m0/(1.0+rate*dt)'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = radioactive_decay01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/thm_example/2D.i)

# Two phase, temperature-dependent, with mechanics, radial with fine mesh, constant injection of cold co2 into a overburden-reservoir-underburden containing mostly water
# species=0 is water
# species=1 is co2
# phase=0 is liquid, and since massfrac_ph0_sp0 = 1, this is all water
# phase=1 is gas, and since massfrac_ph1_sp0 = 0, this is all co2
#
# The mesh used below has very high resolution, so the simulation takes a long time to complete.
# Some suggested meshes of different resolution:
# nx=50, bias_x=1.2
# nx=100, bias_x=1.1
# nx=200, bias_x=1.05
# nx=400, bias_x=1.02
# nx=1000, bias_x=1.01
# nx=2000, bias_x=1.003
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2000
  bias_x = 1.003
  xmin = 0.1
  xmax = 5000
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 11
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_r disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  biot_coefficient = 1.0
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 18.3e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 358
  []
  [disp_r]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [rate]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1 # all H20 in phase=0
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0 # no H2O in phase=1
  []
  [pgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [stress_rr]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_tt]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_water_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux_water]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass_co2_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux_co2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = sgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowExponentialDecay
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
    reference = 358
    rate = rate
  []
  [grad_stress_r]
    type = StressDivergenceRZTensors
    temperature = temp
    eigenstrain_names = thermal_contribution
    variable = disp_r
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_r]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_r
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [rate]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = rate
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    function = decay_rate
  []
  [pgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = pgas
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = swater
  []
  [stress_rr]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_rr
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_tt]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_tt
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [decay_rate]
# Eqn(26) of the first paper of LaForce et al.
# Ka * (rho C)_a = 10056886.914
# h = 11
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'sqrt(10056886.914/t)/11.0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pwater sgas disp_r'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.27e14
      density0 = 970.0
      viscosity = 0.3394e-3
      cv = 4149.0
      cp = 4149.0
      porepressure_coefficient = 0.0
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [co2]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.27e14
      density0 = 516.48
      viscosity = 0.0393e-3
      cv = 2920.5
      cp = 2920.5
      porepressure_coefficient = 0.0
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = water
    phase = 0
  []
  [gas]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = co2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '2e-12 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.200
    sum_s_res = 0.405
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.205
    sum_s_res = 0.405
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
  []
  [thermal_conductivity_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0 0 0  0 1.320 0  0 0 0'
    wet_thermal_conductivity = '0 0 0  0 3.083 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [internal_energy_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1100
    density = 2350.0
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    shear_modulus = 6.0E9
    poissons_ratio = 0.2
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeAxisymmetricRZSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = 'thermal_contribution ini_stress'
  []
  [ini_strain]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = '-12.8E6 0 0  0 -51.3E6 0  0 0 -12.8E6'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  []
  [thermal_contribution]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    temperature = temp
    stress_free_temperature = 358
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5E-6
    eigenstrain_name = thermal_contribution
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [outer_pressure_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 18.3e6
    variable = pwater
  []
  [outer_saturation_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0.0
    variable = sgas
  []
  [outer_temp_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 358
    variable = temp
  []
  [fixed_outer_r]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_r
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [co2_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = sgas
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 1
    flux_function = 'min(t/100.0,1)*(-2.294001475)' # 5.0E5 T/year = 15.855 kg/s, over area of 2Pi*0.1*11
  []
  [cold_co2]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = temp
    value = 294
  []
  [cavity_pressure_x]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_r
    component = 0
    postprocessor = p_bh # note, this lags
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p_bh]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pwater
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [ptsuss]
    type = LineValueSampler
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    start_point = '0.1 0 0'
    end_point = '5000 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 50000
    outputs = csv
    variable = 'pwater temp sgas disp_r stress_rr stress_tt'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = 'smp'
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E2       1E-5        500'
  []
  [mumps]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -pc_factor_shift_type -snes_rtol -snes_atol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      lu       mumps                         NONZERO               1E-5       1E2       50'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1.5768e8
  #dtmax = 1e6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    growth_factor = 1.1
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  sync_times = '3600 86400 2.592E6 1.5768E8'
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_conduction/two_phase.i)

# 2phase heat conduction, with saturation fixed at 0.5
# apply a boundary condition of T=300 to a bar that
# is initially at T=200, and observe the expected
# error-function response
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [phase0_porepressure]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [phase1_saturation]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = phase0_porepressure
  []
  [dummy_s1]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = phase1_saturation
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp phase0_porepressure phase1_saturation'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 0.4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.3
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.3 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
    wet_thermal_conductivity = '1.7 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
    exponent = 1.0
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = phase0_porepressure
    phase1_saturation = phase1_saturation
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.8
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 0.25
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 300
    variable = temp
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E1
  end_time = 1E2
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [t000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = two_phase
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_01.i)

# Checking the Jacobian of Flux-Limited TVD Advection, 1 phase, 1 component, full saturation, using flux_limiter_type = none
# This is quite a heavy test, but we need a fairly big mesh to check the upwinding is happening correctly
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 4
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 2
  bias_y = 1.5
  nz = 4
  zmin = 1
  zmax = 2
  bias_z = 0.8
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1 2 -0.5'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]


[ICs]
  [pp]
    variable = pp
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = pp
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.4
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturated
    flux_limiter_type = None
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.21 0 0  0 1.5 0  0 0 0.8'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem15.i)

# Check derivatives of mass-fraction, but using Equilibrium chemistry
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [h2o_dummy]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1.234E-4
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 0.987E-4
  []
  [eqm_k2]
    initial_condition = 0.5E-4
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc0]
    initial_condition = 0.111
  []
  [ini_sec_conc1]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [h2o_dummy]
    # note that in real simulations this Kernel would not be used
    # It is just here to check derivatives
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = h2o_dummy
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 3
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1 eqm_k2'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1.2'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 2 3'
    reactions = '1 2
                 2.2 -1
                 -2 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/undrained_oedometer.i)

# An undrained oedometer test on a saturated poroelastic sample.
#
# The sample is a single unit element, with roller BCs on the sides
# and bottom.  A constant displacement is applied to the top: disp_z = -0.01*t.
# There is no fluid flow.
#
# Under these conditions
# porepressure = -(Fluid bulk modulus)*log(1 - 0.01t)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# where L is the height of the sample (L=1 in this test)
#
# Parameters:
# Bulk modulus = 2
# Shear modulus = 1.5
# fluid bulk modulus = 1
#
# Desired output:
# zdisp = -0.01*t
# p0 = 1*log(1-0.01t)
# stress_xx = stress_yy = -0.01*t
# stress_zz = -0.04*t
#
# Regarding the "log" - it just comes from conserving fluid mass

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    function = -0.01*t
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
  []
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-8 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = undrained_oedometer
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls04.i)

# PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink with 2-phase, 3-components, with enthalpy, internal_energy, and thermal_conductivity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 2
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
      cv = 1.8
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1'
    wet_thermal_conductivity = '10 2 31 2 40 1 31 1 10'
    exponent = 0.5
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'left'
    pt_vals = '-1 -0.5 0'
    multipliers = '1 2 4'
    variable = ppwater
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    use_enthalpy = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 -2 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    variable = ppgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 3 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    use_internal_energy = true
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'back top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '0 1 -3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    use_enthalpy = true
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
  [flux_3]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 3 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_enthalpy = true
    use_mobility = true
  []
  [flux_4]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'back top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '0 1 -3'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-0.5*x*y'
    use_enthalpy = true
    use_thermal_conductivity = true
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls04
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_hm.i)

# Test that porosity is correctly calculated.
# Porosity = biot + (phi0 - biot) * exp(-vol_strain + (biot - 1) / solid_bulk * (porepressure - ref_pressure))
# The parameters used are:
# biot = 0.7
# phi0 = 0.5
# vol_strain = 0.5
# solid_bulk = 0.3
# porepressure = 2
# ref_pressure = 3
# which yield porosity = 0.370255745860
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '0.5 * x'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [dummy_x]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_y]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_z]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    variable = porosity
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 3
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 0.3
    reference_porepressure = 3
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/brine1.i)

# Test the density and viscosity calculated by the brine material
# Pressure 20 MPa
# Temperature 50C
# xnacl = 0.1047 (equivalent to 2.0 molality)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1047
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = 0.1047
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = xnacl
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = brine1
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s02.i)

# apply a sink flux with use_mobility=true and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = y+1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
  [xval]
  []
  [yval]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [xval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = xval
    function = x
  []
  [yval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = yval
    function = y
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p00 1.3'
  []
  [mass01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p01 1.3'
  []
  [expected_mass_change00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*perm*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)/visc*area*dt'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt'
    vals = '6   0.2  1.1  p00 1.3  1.1  0.5  1E-3'
  []
  [expected_mass_change01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*perm*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)/visc*area*dt'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt'
    vals = '6   0.2  1.1  p01 1.3  1.1  0.5  1E-3'
  []
  [mass00_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm00_prev  del_m00'
  []
  [mass01_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm01_prev  del_m01'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m00_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change00
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m00_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m01_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change01
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m01_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 6
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 0.03
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s02
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
    interval = 30
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    interval = 3
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/desorped_mass01.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, HM porosity, 1component, unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
  [conc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
  [conc]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = conc
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [conc]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassTimeDerivative
    conc_var = conc
    variable = conc
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z conc'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/ideal_gas.i)

# Example of using the IdealGasFluidProperties userobject to provide fluid
# properties for an ideal gas. Use values for hydrogen (H2) at 1 MPa and 50 C.
#
# Input values:
# M = 2.01588e-3 kg/mol
# gamma = 1.4
# viscosity = 9.4393e-6 Pa.s
#
# Expected output:
# density = 750.2854 kg/m^3
# internal energy = 3.33 MJ/kg
# enthalpy = 4.66 MJ/kg

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 50.0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [idealgas]
      type = IdealGasFluidProperties
      molar_mass = 2.01588e-3
      gamma = 1.4
      mu = 9.4393e-6
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [idealgass]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    fp = idealgas
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = ideal_gas
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01b.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, constant and large fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability
# fully saturated with fully-saturated Kernel
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1E3 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e3
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = fully_saturated_grav01b
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rsc01.i)

# RSC test with high-res time and spatial resolution
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 600
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10 # x is the depth variable, called zeta in RSC
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '3E-3 3E-2 0.05'
    x = '0 1 5'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater poil'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureRSC
    oil_viscosity = 2E-3
    scale_ratio = 2E3
    shift = 10
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [oil]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 20
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 2e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = poil
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = water
    phase = 0
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [oil]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = oil
    phase = 1
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_oil]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0  0 1E-5 0  0 0 1E-5'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
  []
  [poil]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [water_init]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pwater
    value = 0
  []
  [oil_init]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = poil
    value = 15
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = poil
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = poil
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [SOil]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
  [SOil]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 1
    variable = SOil
  []
[]

[BCs]
# we are pumping water into a system that has virtually incompressible fluids, hence the pressures rise enormously.  this adversely affects convergence because of almost-overflows and precision-loss problems.  The fixed things help keep pressures low and so prevent these awful behaviours.   the movement of the saturation front is the same regardless of the fixed things.
  active = 'recharge fixedoil fixedwater'
  [recharge]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pwater
    boundary = 'left'
    flux_function = -1.0
  []
  [fixedwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pwater
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
  [fixedoil]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = poil
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 15
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '7 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 21
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = rsc01
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addjoiner_exception.i)

# Tests that including a PorousFlowJoiner material throws the
# informative deprecation warning rather than a duplicate material property error

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
  []
  [p1]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [p1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    at_nodes = true
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_porepressure = p1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    at_nodes = true
    kr = 0.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    at_nodes = true
    kr = 0.8
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    at_nodes = true
    material_property = PorousFlow_relative_permeability_nodal
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 p1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except05.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except12.i)

# Exception testing: S_lr too small
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.9
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 3.0
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_yr_MPa_C.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Pressure unit is chosen to be MPa
# Time unit is chosen to be years
# Temperature unit is chosen to be Celsius
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 26.85 C
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 3.49E-17 MPa.yr
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 26.85
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    pressure_unit = MPa
    time_unit = years
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_02.i)

# Checking the Jacobian of Flux-Limited TVD Advection, 1 phase, 3 components, unsaturated, using flux_limiter_type = none
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1 2 -0.5'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [tracer0]
  []
  [tracer1]
  []
[]


[ICs]
  [pp]
    variable = pp
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [tracer0]
    variable = tracer0
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [tracer1]
    variable = tracer1
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [fluxpp]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = pp
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer0
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer1
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.4
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp tracer0 tracer1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.5
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'tracer0 tracer1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.21 0 0  0 1.5 0  0 0 0.8'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel.i)

# Mandel's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
#
# A sample is in plane strain.
# -a <= x <= a
# -b <= y <= b
# It is squashed with constant force by impermeable, frictionless plattens on its top and bottom surfaces (at y=+/-b)
# Fluid is allowed to leak out from its sides (at x=+/-a)
# The porepressure within the sample is monitored.
#
# As is common in the literature, this is simulated by
# considering the quarter-sample, 0<=x<=a and 0<=y<=b, with
# impermeable, roller BCs at x=0 and y=0 and y=b.
# Porepressure is fixed at zero on x=a.
# Porepressure and displacement are initialised to zero.
# Then the top (y=b) is moved downwards with prescribed velocity,
# so that the total force that is inducing this downwards velocity
# is fixed.  The velocity is worked out by solving Mandel's problem
# analytically, and the total force is monitored in the simulation
# to check that it indeed remains constant.
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil width.  a = 1
# Soil height.  b = 0.1
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 0.5
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = G = 0.75
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 1
# Drained Poisson ratio.  nu = (3K - 2G)/(6K + 2G) = 0.2
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 1
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Biot modulus.  M = 1/(phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K) = 4.705882
# Undrained bulk modulus. Ku = K + alpha^2*M = 2.694118
# Undrained Poisson ratio.  nuu = (3Ku - 2G)/(6Ku + 2G) = 0.372627
# Skempton coefficient.  B = alpha*M/Ku = 1.048035
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = 2*k*B^2*G*(1-nu)*(1+nuu)^2/9/(1-nuu)/(nuu-nu) = 3.821656
# Normal stress on top.  F = 1
#
# The solution for porepressure and displacements is given in
# AHD Cheng and E Detournay "A direct boundary element method for plane strain poroelasticity" International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 12 (1988) 551-572.
# The solution involves complicated infinite series, so I shall not write it here
#
# FINAL NOTE: The above solution assumes constant Biot Modulus.
# In porous_flow this is not true.  Therefore the solution is
# a little different than in the paper.  This test was therefore
# validated against MOOSE's poromechanics, which can choose either
# a constant Biot Modulus (which has been shown to agree with
# the analytic solution), or a non-constant Biot Modulus (which
# gives the same results as porous_flow).

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 10
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [roller_xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [roller_ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [plane_strain]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
  [xmax_drained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    function = top_velocity
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [top_velocity]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.002 0.006   0.014   0.03    0.046   0.062   0.078   0.094   0.11    0.126   0.142   0.158   0.174   0.19 0.206 0.222 0.238 0.254 0.27 0.286 0.302 0.318 0.334 0.35 0.366 0.382 0.398 0.414 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494 0.51 0.526 0.542 0.558 0.574 0.59 0.606 0.622 0.638 0.654 0.67 0.686 0.702'
    y = '-0.041824842    -0.042730269    -0.043412712    -0.04428867     -0.045509181    -0.04645965     -0.047268246 -0.047974749      -0.048597109     -0.0491467  -0.049632388     -0.050061697      -0.050441198     -0.050776675     -0.051073238      -0.0513354 -0.051567152      -0.051772022     -0.051953128 -0.052113227 -0.052254754 -0.052379865 -0.052490464 -0.052588233 -0.052674662 -0.052751065 -0.052818606 -0.052878312 -0.052931093 -0.052977751 -0.053018997 -0.053055459 -0.053087691 -0.053116185 -0.053141373 -0.05316364 -0.053183324 -0.053200724 -0.053216106 -0.053229704 -0.053241725 -0.053252351 -0.053261745 -0.053270049 -0.053277389 -0.053283879 -0.053289615'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [tot_force]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [tot_force]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'stress_yy porepressure'
    execute_on = timestep_end
    variable = tot_force
    function = '-stress_yy+0.6*porepressure'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.2 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.3 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.4 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.6 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.7 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.8 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.9 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [xdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [ydisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [total_downwards_force]
     type = ElementAverageValue
     outputs = csv
     variable = tot_force
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.15*t<0.01,0.15*t,0.01)
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 0.7
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mandel
  [csv]
    interval = 3
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink02.i)

# PorousFlowPolyLineSink with 2-phase, 3-components, with enthalpy, internal_energy, and thermal_conductivity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 2
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
  [dummy_outflow]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
      cv = 1.8
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [dirac0]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = one_point.bh
    line_length = 1
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-0.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '-1.1 2.2'
  []
  [dirac1]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
    line_length = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -2.2'
  []
  [dirac2]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    line_length = 1.3
    use_mobility = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac3]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    line_length = 1.3
    use_enthalpy = true
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac4]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    function_of = temperature
    line_length = 0.9
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac5]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = temp
    line_length = 0.9
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac6]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    use_mobility = true
    function_of = temperature
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '0 -0.2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = line_sink02
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy01.i)

# 0phase time derivative of energy-density
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey3.i)

# Test Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Residual saturation of phase 0: s0r = 0.2
# Residual saturation of phase 1: s1r = 0.3

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
    family = LAGRANGE
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.3
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass08.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor throws the correct error when a given phase index
# is too large

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 2
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat04.i)

# The sample is a single unit element, with fixed displacements on
# all sides.  A heat source of strength S (J/m^3/s) is applied into
# the element.  There is no fluid flow or heat flow.  The rise
# in temperature, porepressure and stress, and the change in porosity is
# matched with theory.
#
# In this case, fluid mass must be conserved, and there is no
# volumetric strain, so
# porosity * fluid_density = constant
# Also, the energy-density in the rock-fluid system increases with S:
# d/dt [(1 - porosity) * rock_density * rock_heat_cap * T + porosity * fluid_density * fluid_heat_cap * T] = S
# Also, the porosity evolves according to THM as
# porosity = biot + (porosity0 - biot) * exp( (biot - 1) * P / fluid_bulk + rock_thermal_exp * T)
# Finally, the effective stress must be exactly zero (as there is
# no strain).
#
# Let us assume that
# fluid_density = dens0 * exp(P / fluid_bulk - fluid_thermal_exp * T)
# Then the conservation of fluid mass means
# porosity = por0 * exp(- P / fluid_bulk + fluid_thermal_exp * T)
# where dens0 * por0 = the initial fluid mass.
# The last expression for porosity, combined with the THM one,
# and assuming that biot = 1 for simplicity, gives
# porosity = 1 + (porosity0 - 1) * exp(rock_thermal_exp * T) = por0 * exp(- P / fluid_bulk + fluid_thermal_exp * T) .... (A)
#
# This stuff may be substituted into the heat energy-density equation:
# S = d/dt [(1 - porosity0) * exp(rock_thermal_exp * T) * rock_density * rock_heat_cap * T + porosity * fluid_density * fluid_heat_cap * T]
#
# If S is constant then
# S * t = (1 - porosity0) * exp(rock_thermal_exp * T) * rock_density * rock_heat_cap * T + porosity * fluid_density * fluid_heat_cap * T
# with T(t=0) = 0 then Eqn(A) implies that por0 = porosity0 and
# P / fluid_bulk = fluid_thermal_exp * T - log(1 + (por0 - 1) * exp(rock_thermal_exp * T)) + log(por0)
#
# Parameters:
# A = 2
# fluid_bulk = 2.0
# dens0 = 3.0
# fluid_thermal_exp = 0.5
# fluid_heat_cap = 2
# por0 = 0.5
# rock_thermal_exp = 0.25
# rock_density = 5
# rock_heat_capacity = 0.2

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 0.5
      cv = 2
      cp = 2
      bulk_modulus = 2.0
      density0 = 3.0
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1.0
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1.0
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1.0
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = pp
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [poro_vol_exp_temp]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = 1
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [err_T_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'por0 rte temp rd rhc m0 fhc source'
    vals = '0.5 0.25 t0   5  0.2 1.5 2  1'
    value = '((1-por0)*exp(rte*temp)*rd*rhc*temp+m0*fhc*temp-source*t)/(source*t)'
  []
  [err_pp_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'por0 rte temp rd rhc m0 fhc source bulk pp fte'
    vals = '0.5 0.25 t0   5  0.2 1.5 2  1      2    p0 0.5'
    value = '(bulk*(fte*temp-log(1+(por0-1)*exp(rte*temp))+log(por0))-pp)/pp'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    thermal = true
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = false
    biot_coefficient = 1.0
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.25
    solid_bulk = 2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 0.2
    density = 5.0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
  [t0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [err_T]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = err_T_fcn
  []
  [err_P]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = err_pp_fcn
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = heat04
  exodus = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_3.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  Third-order curve
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0.4
    xmax = 0.9
    nx = 50
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
    initial_order = 3
    previous_turning_points = '0.1 0.9 0.4'
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = none
    high_extension_type = none
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.4 0 0'
    end_point = '0.9 0 0'
    num_points = 8
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass05.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor correctly calculates the mass
# of each component in each phase, as well as the total mass of each
# component in all phases.
# 2phase, 2component, constant porosity

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0.55
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp0_phase0_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [comp0_phase1_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 1
  []
  [comp0_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [comp0_total_mass2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [comp1_phase0_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [comp1_phase1_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
  []
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [comp1_total_mass2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-16
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mass05
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff02.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the diffusive component of the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel for two phases.
# By setting disp_long and disp_trans to zero, the purely diffusive component of the flux
# can be isolated. Uses constant tortuosity and diffusion coefficients

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [sgas]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    max = 1
    min = 0
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = sgas
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'sgas massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 0.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = 1
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
     diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1 1e-2 1e-1'
     tortuosity = '0.1 0.2'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01_fully_saturated.i)

# 1phase, using fully-saturated version, heat advection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [pp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
    gravity = '1 2 3'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/water_vapor_phasechange.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties in PorousFlowWaterVapor as a phase change
# from liquid to a two-phase model occurs due to a pressure drop.
# A single 10 m^3 element is used, with constant mass and heat production using
# a Dirac kernel. Initial conditions correspond to just outside the two-phase region in
# the liquid state.
#
# An identical problem can be run using TOUGH2, with the following outputs after 1,000s
# Pressure: 8.58 Mpa
# Temperature: 299.92 K
# Vapor saturation: 0.00637

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmax = 10
  ymax = 10
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pliq]
    initial_condition = 9e6
  []
  [h]
    scaling = 1e-3
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [hic]
    type = PorousFlowFluidPropertyIC
    variable = h
    porepressure = pliq
    property = enthalpy
    temperature = 300
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    fp = water
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [mass]
    type = ConstantPointSource
    point = '5 5 5'
    variable = pliq
    value = -1
  []
  [heat]
    type = ConstantPointSource
    point = '5 5 5'
    variable = h
    value = -1.344269e6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [temperature]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [e_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [e_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = temperature
    property = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [e_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = e_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [egas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = e_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pliq
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = h
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pliq h'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = 1e5
    lambda = 2
    pc_max = 1e6
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterVapor
    water_fp = water
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [watervapor]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateSingleComponent
    porepressure = pliq
    enthalpy = h
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-14 0 0 0 1e-14 0 0 0 1e-14'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    density = 2650
    specific_heat_capacity = 1000
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e3
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = density_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = density_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = viscosity_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = viscosity_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = enthalpy_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = saturation_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = saturation_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = pressure_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = pressure_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = h
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pliq]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = pliq
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [liquid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vapor_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [liquid_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vapor_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [e_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = e_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [e_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = e_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined.i)

# A sample is constrained on all sides, except its top
# and its boundaries are
# also impermeable.  Fluid is pumped into the sample via a
# volumetric source (ie kg/second per cubic meter), and the
# rise in the top surface, porepressure, and stress are observed.
#
# In the standard poromechanics scenario, the Biot Modulus is held
# fixed and the source has units 1/time.  Then the expected result
# is
# strain_zz = disp_z = BiotCoefficient*BiotModulus*s*t/((bulk + 4*shear/3) + BiotCoefficient^2*BiotModulus)
# porepressure = BiotModulus*(s*t - BiotCoefficient*strain_zz)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
#
# In porous_flow, however, the source has units kg/s/m^3 and the
# Biot Modulus is not held fixed.  This means that disp_z, porepressure,
# etc are not linear functions of t.  Nevertheless, the ratios remain
# fixed:
# stress_xx/strain_zz = (bulk - 2*shear/3) = 1 (for the parameters used here)
# stress_zz/strain_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3) = 4 (for the parameters used here)
# porepressure/strain_zz = 13.3333333 (for the parameters used here)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = 0.1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    solid_bulk = 2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0   0 1 0   0 0 1' # unimportant
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = none
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = none
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = none
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = none
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = none
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [stress_xx_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_xx_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_zz_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [p_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = p_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [stress_xx_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_xx zdisp'
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_zz zdisp'
  []
  [p_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'p0 zdisp'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = pp_generation_unconfined
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls01.i)

# fully-saturated situation with a poly-line sink at one
# of the nodes.  Because there is no fluid flow, the
# other nodes should not experience any change in
# porepressure.
# The poly-line sink has length=2 and weight=0.1, and
# extracts fluid at a constant rate of 1 kg.m^-1.s^-1.
# Therefore, in 1 second it will have extracted a total
# of 0.2 kg.
# The porosity is 0.1, and the elemental volume is 2,
# so the fluid mass at the node in question = 0.2 * density / 4,
# where the 4 is the number of nodes in the element.
# In this simulation density = dens0 * exp(P / bulk), with
# dens0 = 100, and bulk = 20 MPa.
# The initial porepressure P0 = 10 MPa, so the final (after
# 1 second of simulation) is
# P(t=1) = 0.950879 MPa
#
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 2
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pls_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 100
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pls]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = pls01_21.bh
    line_length = 2
    SumQuantityUO = pls_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    p_or_t_vals = '0 1E7'
    fluxes = '1 1'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pls_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = pls_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 1 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p20]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '2 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p21]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '2 1 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 pls_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  dt = 1
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls01
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_relperm_2.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic relative permeability.  Gas is added to and removed from the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pp1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_liquid
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_gas
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pp1
    phase = 1
    property = pressure
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.4
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityGas
    phase = 1
    S_lr = 0.4
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    gamma = 0.33
    k_rg_max = 1.0
    gas_low_extension_type = linear_like
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 15, 20, -20)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [kr_liq]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm_liquid
  []
  [kr_gas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm_gas
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 5
  end_time = 29
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0 1 2 3 8 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 24 25 26 27 28 29'
    sync_only = true
    file_base = '2phasePS_relperm_2_none'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem04.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Precipitation with temperature
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.6
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.4
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E-5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E-5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '2.5 3.8'
    reactions = '1.1 1.2'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 1component
# fully saturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar02.i)

# Testing permeability calculated from scalar and tensor
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# when scalar is a FunctionAux.
# k = k_anisotropy * perm

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [perm_fn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '2*(x+1)'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [perm_var]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [perm_var]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = perm_fn
    variable = perm_var
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityTensorFromVar
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    perm = perm_var
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/except01.i)

# checking that the heat-energy postprocessor throws the correct error if the phase number is entered incorrectly
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [tinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '100*x'
    variable = temp
  []
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = x
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummyt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummyp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
  []
  [fluid_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    include_porous_skeleton = false
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = except01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass07.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor throws the correct error if
# too many phases are supplied

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls02.i)

# PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink with 2-phase, 2-components
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 3
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'left'
    pt_vals = '-1 -0.5 0'
    multipliers = '1 2 4'
    variable = ppwater
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 -2 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    variable = ppgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 3 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'back top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '0 1 -3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls02
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution_limited_2phase.i)

# Using a two-phase system (see dissolution_limited.i for the single-phase)
# The saturation and porosity are chosen so that the results are identical to dissolution_limited.i
#
# The dissolution reaction, with limited initial mineral concentration
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using mineral_density = fluid_density, theta = 1 = eta, the DE is
#
# a' = -(mineral / (porosity * saturation))' = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is positive for a < 0.25, ie dissolution for a(t=0) < 0.25
#
# The solution of the DE is
# a = eqm_const / act_coeff + (a(t=0) - eqm_const / act_coeff) exp(-rate * surf_area * molar_vol * act_coeff * t / eqm_const)
#   = 0.25 + (a(t=0) - 0.25) exp(-4 * t)
# c = c(t=0) - (a - a(t=0)) * porosity * saturation
#
# However, c(t=0) is small, so that the reaction only works until c=0, then a and c both remain fixed
#
# This test checks that (a + c / (porosity * saturation)) is time-independent, and that a follows the above solution, until c=0 and thereafter remains fixed.
#
# Aside:
#    The exponential curve is not followed exactly because moose actually solves
#    (a - a_old)/dt = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#    which does not give an exponential exactly, except in the limit dt->0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [pressure0]
  []
  [saturation1]
    initial_condition = 0.25
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.123
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.015
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [should_be_static]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'mineral a'
    function = 'a + mineral / 0.1'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [pre_dis]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pressure0
    phase1_saturation = saturation1
  []
  [mass_frac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'b a'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [a]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = a
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  interval = 10
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_3comp_fully_saturated.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase, 3 component - transient
# using the PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow Kernel
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
  [f0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [f1]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = f0
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = f0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = f1
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = f1
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp f0 f1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac_nodes]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'f0 f1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    preset = false
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs lu 1E-15 1E-10 10000 NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p005]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '5 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p015]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '15 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p025]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '25 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p035]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '35 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p045]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '45 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p055]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '55 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p065]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '65 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p075]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '75 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p085]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '85 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p095]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '95 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_3comp_fully_saturated
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except13.i)

# Exception testing: PorousFlow1PhaseHysP used for multi-phase situations
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.9
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 3.0
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass03.i)

# checking that the mass postprocessor correctly calculates the mass
# 1phase, 1component, constant porosity, with a constant fluid source
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = -0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    variable = pp
    value = 0.1 # kg/m^3/s
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-12 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = mass03
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except8.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of reactive surface areas

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '1.0 1.0'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '1.0e-8'
    activation_energy = '1.5e4'
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/11_2D.i)

# Two-phase borehole injection problem in RZ coordinates
[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 10
    xmin = 1.0
    xmax = 10
    bias_x = 1.4
    ny = 3
    ymin = -6
    ymax = 6
  []
  [aquifer]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 -2 0'
    top_right = '10 2 0'
  []
  [injection_area]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<1.0001'
    included_subdomain_ids = 1
    new_sideset_name = 'injection_area'
    input = 'aquifer'
  []
  [rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block_id = '0 1'
    new_block_name = 'caps aquifer'
    input = 'injection_area'
  []
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater pgas T disp_r'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1E-6
    m = 0.6
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_r disp_z'
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  biot_coefficient = 1.0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 20E6
  []
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20.1E6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 330
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
  [disp_r]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_water_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux_water]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_water]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass_co2_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux_co2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_co2]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [grad_stress_r]
    type = StressDivergenceRZTensors
    temperature = T
    variable = disp_r
    eigenstrain_names = thermal_contribution
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_r]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_r
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [mass_frac_phase0_species0]
    initial_condition = 1 # all water in phase=0
  []
  [mass_frac_phase1_species0]
    initial_condition = 0 # no water in phase=1
  []
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_rr]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_tt]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_zz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'pwater pgas swater sgas'
    function = 'pwater * swater + pgas * sgas'
    variable = effective_fluid_pressure
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = swater
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sgas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_rr_aux]
    type = RankTwoAux
    variable = stress_rr
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_tt]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_tt
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = porosity
    property = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]


[BCs]
  [pinned_top_bottom_r]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_r
    value = 0
    boundary = 'top bottom'
  []
  [cavity_pressure_r]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = disp_r
    component = 0
    postprocessor = constrained_effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []

  [cold_co2]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = T
    value = 290  # injection temperature
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [constant_co2_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = pgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    flux_function = -1E-4
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []

  [outer_water_removal]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right
    variable = pwater
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E8'
    PT_shift = 20E6
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [outer_co2_removal]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right
    variable = pgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E8'
    PT_shift = 20.1E6
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [true_water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_water]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_water
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      fluid_property_file = water97_tabulated_11.csv
    []
    [true_co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_co2
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      fluid_property_file = co2_tabulated_11.csv
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'mass_frac_phase0_species0 mass_frac_phase1_species0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_water
    phase = 0
  []
  [co2]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_co2
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_co2]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    reference_temperature = 330
    reference_porepressure = 20E6
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 15E-6 # volumetric
    solid_bulk = 8E9 # unimportant since biot = 1
  []
  [permeability_aquifer]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = aquifer
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    phi0 = 0.1
    n = 2
    m = 2
    k0 = 1E-12
  []
  [permeability_caps]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = caps
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    phi0 = 0.1
    n = 2
    m = 2
    k0 = 1E-15
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 0.1'
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '2 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 2'
  []
  [rock_internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1100
    density = 2300
  []

  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 5E9
    poissons_ratio = 0.0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeAxisymmetricRZSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = 'thermal_contribution initial_stress'
  []
  [thermal_contribution]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    temperature = T
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5E-6 # this is the linear thermal expansion coefficient
    eigenstrain_name = thermal_contribution
    stress_free_temperature = 330
  []
  [initial_strain]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = '20E6 0 0  0 20E6 0  0 0 20E6'
    eigenstrain_name = initial_stress
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [volumetric_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore]
    type = PointValue
    variable = effective_fluid_pressure
    point = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [constrained_effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = constrain_effective_fluid_pressure
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [constrain_effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    vals = effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    value = 'max(effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore, 20E6)'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1E3
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1E3
    growth_factor = 1.2
    optimal_iterations = 10
  []
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-7
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/vol_expansion.i)

# Apply an increasing porepressure, with zero mechanical forces,
# and observe the corresponding volumetric expansion
#
# P = t
# With the Biot coefficient being 0.3, the effective stresses should be
# stress_xx = stress_yy = stress_zz = 0.3t
# With bulk modulus = 1 then should have
# vol_strain = strain_xx + strain_yy + strain_zz = 0.3t.
# I use a single element lying 0<=x<=1, 0<=y<=1 and 0<=z<=1, and
# fix the left, bottom and back boundaries appropriately,
# so at the point x=y=z=1, the displacements should be
# disp_x = disp_y = disp_z = 0.3t/3 (small strain physics is used)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [p]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [p]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'bottom top'
    variable = p
    function = t
  []
  [xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
  []
  [ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = bottom
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
  []
  [zmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = back
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p_does_not_really_diffuse]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p
  []
  [TensorMechanics]
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [corner_x]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 1'
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [corner_y]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 1'
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [corner_z]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 1'
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    # bulk modulus = 1, poisson ratio = 0.2
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = p
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_atol -ksp_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10 1E-15 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = vol_expansion
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_03.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = exponential
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    low_extension_type = exponential
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey2.i)

# Test Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Corey exponent n = 2 for both phases
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
    family = LAGRANGE
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_1D_adaptivity.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, mploying PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 1D version with adaptivity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[Adaptivity]
  initial_steps = 1
  initial_marker = tracer_marker
  marker = tracer_marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [tracer_marker]
      type = ValueRangeMarker
      variable = tracer
      lower_bound = 0.02
      upper_bound = 0.98
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 11
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat02.i)

# checking that the heat-energy postprocessor correctly calculates the energy
# 1phase, constant porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [tinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '100*x'
    variable = temp
  []
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 'x'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummyt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummyp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 0
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
  []
  [fluid_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    include_porous_skeleton = false
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = heat02
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_twophase_nonisothermal.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowWaterNCG
# for nonisothermal two phase conditions

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [z]
  []
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1e5
    max = 5e5
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.06
    variable = z
  []
  [temperature]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 20
    max = 80
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [energy]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e1
    pc_max = 1e4
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1000
    density = 2500
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/brooks_corey1.i)

# Test Brooks-Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Exponent lambda = 2 for both phases

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    lambda = 2
    nw_phase = true
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase.i)

# Simple example of a 1-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure.  Water is removed and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat
    property = saturation
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 9, -10, 10)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat
  []
  [pp]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 19
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/tri3_adaptivity.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    elem_type = TRI3
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = UniformMarker
      mark = REFINE
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = '0'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = 'pp'
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 4
  dt = 1
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'final'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  show = pp
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01_fullsat_upwind.i)

# 1phase, using fully-saturated, fully-upwinded version, heat advection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [pp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedUpwindHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
    gravity = '1 2 3'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 1
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02a.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<saturation<1 (note the strictly less-than).
# 2phase (PP), 2components, vanGenuchten, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = -1.0
  []
  [ppgas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [ana_ppwater]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 pp_water_top 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
  [ana_ppgas]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1 pp_gas_top 0.1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      viscosity = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_water_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppgas
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1.0
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    file_base = grav02a
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem01.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.25
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink04.i)

# PorousFlowPolyLineSink with 2-phase, 3-components, with enthalpy, internal_energy, and thermal_conductivity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 2
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
  [dummy_outflow]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
      cv = 1.8
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [dirac0]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = one_point.bh
    line_length = 1
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-0.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '-1.1 2.2'
  []
  [dirac1]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
    line_length = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -2.2'
  []
  [dirac2]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    line_length = 1.3
    use_mobility = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac3]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    line_length = 1.3
    use_enthalpy = true
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac4]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    function_of = temperature
    line_length = 0.9
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac5]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = temp
    line_length = 0.9
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '1.1 -0.2'
  []
  [dirac6]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    use_mobility = true
    function_of = temperature
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = ten_points.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow
    p_or_t_vals = '-1.9 1.5'
    fluxes = '0 -0.2'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = line_sink04
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_nonisothermal.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [z]
     initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 70
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [heat]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_water
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_gas
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_water
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_gas
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_water
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except16.i)

# Exception test: S_gr_max is too large
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]


[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    capillary_pressure = pc
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_material]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.9
    m = 0.9
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_thm.i)

# Test that porosity is correctly calculated.
# Porosity = biot + (phi0 - biot) * exp(-vol_strain + (biot - 1) / solid_bulk * (porepressure - ref_pressure) + thermal_exp_coeff * (temperature - ref_temperature))
# The parameters used are:
# biot = 0.7
# phi0 = 0.5
# vol_strain = 0.5
# solid_bulk = 0.3
# porepressure = 2
# ref_pressure = 3
# thermal_exp_coeff = 0.5
# temperature = 4
# ref_temperature = 3.5
# which yield porosity = 0.276599996677
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 4
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '0.5 * x'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [dummy_t]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [dummy_x]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_y]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_z]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    variable = porosity
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    mechanical = true
    fluid = true
    thermal = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 0.3
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.5
    reference_porepressure = 3
    reference_temperature = 3.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc08.i)

# Newton cooling from a bar.  1-phase ideal fluid and heat, steady
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 100
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pressure temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  # have to start these reasonably close to their steady-state values
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure
    function = '200-0.5*x'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = temp
    function = 180+0.1*x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [idealgas]
      type = IdealGasFluidProperties
      molar_mass = 1.4
      gamma = 1.2
      mu = 1.2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [dens0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = idealgas
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 0 1.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftp]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = left
    value = 200
  []
  [leftt]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 180
  []
  [newtonp]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '-200 0 200'
    multipliers = '-200 0 200'
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 0.005 # 1/2/L
  []
  [newtont]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '-200 0 200'
    multipliers = '-200 0 200'
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    use_enthalpy = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 0.005 # 1/2/L
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = pressure
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 11
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [temperature]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = temp
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 11
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-10
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-15
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = nc08
  execute_on = timestep_end
  exodus = true
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/desorption/desorption02.i)

# Illustrates desorption works as planned.
#
# A mesh contains 3 elements in arranged in a line.
# The central element contains desorped fluid.
# This desorps to the nodes of that element.
#
# In the central element, of volume V, the following occurs.
# The initial porepressure=1, and concentration=1.
# The initial mass of fluid is
# V * (2 * porosity * density + (1 - porosity) * concentration)
# = V * 1.289547
# Notice the factor of "2" in the porespace contribution:
# it is because the porepressure is evaluated at nodes, so
# the nodes on the exterior of the centre_block have
# nodal-volume contributions from the elements not in centre_block.
#
# The mass-conservation equation reads
# 2 * porosity * density + (1 - porosity) * concentration = 1.289547
# and the desorption equation reads
# d( (1-porosity)C )/dt = - (1/tau)(C - dens_L * P / (P_L + P))
# where C = concentration, P = porepressure, P_L = Langmuir pressure
# dens_L = Langmuir density, tau = time constant.
# Using the mass-conservation equation in the desorption equation
# yields a nonlinear equation of P.  For dt=1, and the numerical values
# given below this yields
# P = 1.83697
# and
# C = 0.676616
# The desired result is achieved by MOOSE
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = three_eles.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [conc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = centre_block
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [p_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1.0
  []
  [conc_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = conc
    value = 1.0
    block = centre_block
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [porespace_mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [fluid_flow]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
     variable = pp
     gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
  [desorped_mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassTimeDerivative
    block = centre_block
    conc_var = conc
    variable = pp
  []
  [desorped_mass_dot_conc_var]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassTimeDerivative
    block = centre_block
    conc_var = conc
    variable = conc
  []
  [flow_from_matrix]
    type = DesorptionFromMatrix
    block = centre_block
    variable = conc
    pressure_var = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp conc'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      viscosity = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [lang_stuff]
    type = LangmuirMaterial
    block = centre_block
    one_over_adsorption_time_const = 10.0
    one_over_desorption_time_const = 10.0
    langmuir_density = 1
    langmuir_pressure = 1
    pressure_var = pp
    conc_var = conc
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []

  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    m = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux11.i)

# 1phase, 3components, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, VG relative perm with a cubic, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with VG
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1.0
    max = 0.0
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1 # small so that most effective saturations are close to 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    m = 0.6
    seff_turnover = 0.8
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro01.i)

# Testing permeability from porosity
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropic * f * d^2 * phi^n / (1-phi)^m

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_fd2
    f = 0.1
    d = 5
    m = 2
    n = 7
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection5.i)

# Basic advection with 1 porepressure as a PorousFlow variable
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_P]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = P
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.6
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    fluid = true
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 5
    m = 2
    n = 2
    phi0 = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi_constM.i)

# Terzaghi's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
#
# A saturated soil sample sits in a bath of water.
# It is constrained on its sides, and bottom.
# Its sides and bottom are also impermeable.
# Initially it is unstressed.
# A normal stress, q, is applied to the soil's top.
# The soil then slowly compresses as water is squeezed
# out from the sample from its top (the top BC for
# the porepressure is porepressure = 0).
#
# See, for example.  Section 2.2 of the online manuscript
# Arnold Verruijt "Theory and Problems of Poroelasticity" Delft University of Technology 2013
# but note that the "sigma" in that paper is the negative
# of the stress in TensorMechanics
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil height.  h = 10
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 2
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = 3
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 4
# Soil confined compressibility.  m = 1/(K + 4mu/3) = 0.125
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 0.25
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Soil initial storativity, which is the reciprocal of the initial Biot modulus.  S = phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K = 0.0625
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = k/(S + alpha^2 m) = 13.95348837
# Normal stress on top.  q = 1
# Initial porepressure, resulting from instantaneous application of q, assuming corresponding instantaneous increase of porepressure (Note that this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  p0 = alpha*m*q/(S + alpha^2 m) = 0.69767442
# Initial vertical displacement (down is positive), resulting from instantaneous application of q (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uz0 = q*m*h*S/(S + alpha^2 m)
# Final vertical displacement (down in positive) (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uzinf = q*m*h
#
# The solution for porepressure is
# P = 4*p0/\pi \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{2k-1} \cos ((2k-1)\pi z/(2h)) \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))
# This series converges very slowly for ct/h^2 small, so in that domain
# P = p0 erf( (1-(z/h))/(2 \sqrt(ct/h^2)) )
#
# The degree of consolidation is defined as
# U = (uz - uz0)/(uzinf - uz0)
# where uz0 and uzinf are defined above, and
# uz = the vertical displacement of the top (down is positive)
# U = 1 - (8/\pi^2)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2k-1)^2} \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [topdrained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = front
  []
  [topload]
    type = NeumannBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = -1
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 0.96
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 2 + 2*3/3 = 4
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityHMBiotModulus
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk = 4
    constant_fluid_bulk_modulus = 8
    constant_biot_modulus = 16
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 1'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 2'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 3'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 4'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 5'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 6'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 7'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 8'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 9'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.5*t<0.1,0.5*t,0.1)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.0001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = terzaghi_constM
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gas_injection_new_mesh.i)

# Using the results from the equilibrium run to provide the initial condition for
# porepressure, we now inject a gas phase into the brine-saturated reservoir. In this
# example, the mesh is not identical to the mesh used in gravityeq.i. Rather, it is
# generated so that it is more refined near the injection boundary and at the top of
# the model, as that is where the gas plume will be present.
#
# To use the hydrostatic pressure calculated using the gravity equilibrium run as the initial
# condition for the pressure, a SolutionUserObject is used, along with a SolutionFunction to
# interpolate the pressure from the gravity equilibrium run to the initial condition for liqiud
# porepressure in this example.
#
# Even though the gravity equilibrium is established using a 2D mesh, in this example,
# we use a mesh shifted 0.1 m to the right and rotate it about the Y axis to make a 2D radial
# model.
#
# Methane injection takes place over the surface of the hole created by rotating the mesh,
# and hence the injection area is 2 pi r h. We can calculate this using an AreaPostprocessor,
# and then use this in a ParsedFunction to calculate the injection rate so that 10 kg/s of
# methane is injected.
#
# Note: as this example uses the results from a previous simulation, gravityeq.i MUST be
# run before running this input file.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ny = 25
  nx = 50
  ymax = 100
  xmin = 0.1
  xmax = 5000
  bias_x = 1.05
  bias_y = 0.95
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [pp_liq]
  []
  [sat_gas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppliq_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp_liq
    function = ppliq_ic
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [brine_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [methane_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [pp_gas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [sat_liq]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp_liq
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp_liq
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = sat_gas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = sat_gas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [brine_density]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = density
    variable = brine_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [methane_density]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = density
    variable = methane_density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pp_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = pp_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sat_liq]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    variable = sat_liq
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [gas_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = sat_gas
    flux_function = injection_rate
    fluid_phase = 1
  []
  [brine_out]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right
    variable = pp_liq
    multipliers = '0 1e9'
    pt_vals = '0 1e9'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1e-6
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    mass_fraction_component = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [injection_rate]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vals = injection_area
    vars = area
    value = '-1/area'
  []
  [ppliq_ic]
    type = SolutionFunction
    solution = soln
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp_liq sat_gas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1e-5
    m = 0.5
    sat_lr = 0.2
    pc_max = 1e7
  []
  [soln]
    type = SolutionUserObject
    mesh = gravityeq_out.e
    system_variables = porepressure
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
    [methane]
      type = MethaneFluidProperties
    []
    [methane_tab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = methane
      save_file = false
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ps]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp_liq
    phase1_saturation = sat_gas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    xnacl = xnacl
    phase = 0
  []
  [methane]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    fp = methane_tab
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-13 0 0 0 5e-14 0  0 0 1e-13'
  []
  [relperm_liq]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.3
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.3
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-06
  nl_max_its = 20
  dtmax = 1e6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e1
    growth_factor = 1.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [injection_area]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    boundary = left
    execute_on = initial
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem07.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with no temperature dependence, with two primary variables = 0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '1 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.0
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/frompps.i)

# Test PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor DiracKernel

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  bias_x = 1.1
  bias_y = 1.1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_flux_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    direction = left
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      100  -0.1
      300  0
      600  -0.1
      1400 0
      1500 0.2
      2000 0.2'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pp
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [mass_flux_in]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_flux_fn
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_begin'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
  dt = 100
  end_time = 2000
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = frompps
[]

[ICs]
  [PressureIC]
    variable = pp
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 20e6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    variable = pp
    mass_flux = mass_flux_in
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/coal_mining/coarse_with_fluid.i)

# Strata deformation and fluid flow aaround a coal mine - 3D model
#
# A "half model" is used.  The mine is 400m deep and
# just the roof is studied (-400<=z<=0).  The mining panel
# sits between 0<=x<=150, and 0<=y<=1000, so this simulates
# a coal panel that is 300m wide and 1000m long.  The outer boundaries
# are 1km from the excavation boundaries.
#
# The excavation takes 0.5 years.
#
# The boundary conditions for this simulation are:
#  - disp_x = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - disp_z = 0 at z=-400, but there is a time-dependent
#               Young modulus that simulates excavation
#  - wc_x = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - wc_y = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - no flow at x=0, z=-400 and z=0
#  - fixed porepressure at y=-1000, y=1000 and x=1150
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top,
# and prescribed at bottom in the unexcavated portion.
#
# A single-phase unsaturated fluid is used.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa, and time units are measured in years.
#
# The initial porepressure is hydrostatic with P=0 at z=0, so
# Porepressure ~ - 0.01*z MPa, where the fluid has density 1E3 kg/m^3 and
# gravity = = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.
# To be more accurate, i use
# Porepressure = -bulk * log(1 + g*rho0*z/bulk)
# where bulk=2E3 MPa and rho0=1Ee kg/m^3.
# The initial stress is consistent with the weight force from undrained
# density 2500 kg/m^3, and fluid porepressure, and a Biot coefficient of 0.7, ie,
# stress_zz^effective = 0.025*z + 0.7 * initial_porepressure
# The maximum and minimum principal horizontal effective stresses are
# assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 2 MPa
# MC friction angle = 35 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa
# WeakPlane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane friction angle = 30 deg
# WeakPlane dilation angle = 10 deg
# WeakPlane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane compressive strength = 100 MPa softening to 1 MPa at strain = 1
# Fluid density at zero porepressure = 1E3 kg/m^3
# Fluid bulk modulus = 2E3 MPa
# Fluid viscosity = 1.1E-3 Pa.s = 1.1E-9 MPa.s = 3.5E-17 MPa.year
#
[GlobalParams]
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Mesh]
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = mesh/coarse.e
  []
  [xmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = xmin
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = file
  []
  [xmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = xmax
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = xmin
  []
  [ymin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = ymin
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = xmax
  []
  [ymax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    new_boundary = ymax
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = ymin
  []
  [zmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 16
    new_boundary = zmax
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = ymax
  []
  [zmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 2
    new_boundary = zmin
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = zmax
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = zmin
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -400'
    top_right = '150 1000 -397'
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
    new_boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [wc_x]
  []
  [wc_y]
  []
  [porepressure]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = ini_pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [cx_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  []
  [y_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 1
    base_name = couple
  []
  [x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  []
  [y_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    component = 1
  []
  [gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6 # remember this is in MPa
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    use_displaced_mesh = false
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [saturation]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wc_z]
  []
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [darcy_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_x
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = x
  []
  [darcy_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_y
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = y
  []
  [darcy_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_z
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = z
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_xx]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_xx
    row = 0
    column = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_yy]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_yy
    row = 1
    column = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_zz]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_zz
    row = 2
    column = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]



[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = zmin
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_y
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [fix_porepressure]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'ymin ymax xmax'
    function = ini_pp
  []
  [roof_porepressure]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    pt_vals = '-1E3 1E3'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = roof_conductance
    boundary = roof
  []
  [roof_bcs]
    type = StickyBC
    variable = disp_z
    min_value = -3.0
    boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ini_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3'
    value = '-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)'
  []
  [ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    value = '0.8*(2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)))'
  []
  [ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    value = '2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk))'
  []
  [excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval slope'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E-9 1 60'
    # excavation face at ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)
    # slope is the distance over which the modulus reduces from maxval to minval
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)+slope,minval+(maxval-minval)*(y-(ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)))/slope,maxval))'
  []
  [density_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 0 2500'
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,maxval)'
  []
  [roof_conductance]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax   maxval minval'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E7      0'
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),maxval,minval)'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1 # MPa^-1
  []

  [mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 2.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.61 # 35deg
  []
  [mc_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  []

  [mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_compressive_str]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  []

  [wp_coh_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_tan_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.26 # 15deg
  []
  [wp_tan_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  []

  [wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1
    internal_limit = 1.0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 3.5E-17
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    block = 1
    porosity = 1.0
  []
  [permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 1E-15
    phi0 = 0.02
    n = 2
    m = 2
  []
  [permeability_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 1
    permeability = '0 0 0   0 0 0   0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.4
    sum_s_res = 0.4
    phase = 0
  []

  [elasticity_tensor_0]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
  []
  [elasticity_tensor_1]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    block = 1
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
    elasticity_tensor_prefactor = excav_sideways
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
  []

  [stress_0]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    inelastic_models = 'mc wp'
    cycle_models = true
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [stress_1]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 1
    inelastic_models = ''
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  []
  [wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.05
    smoothing_tol = 0.05 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  []


  [undrained_density_0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  []
  [undrained_density_1]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = density_sideways
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min_roof_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_roof_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [min_surface_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_surface_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [max_perm_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16'
    variable = perm_zz
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'

  # best overall
  # petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  # petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'

  # best if you do not have mumps:
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       superlu_dist'

  # best if you do not have mumps or superlu_dist:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  # very basic:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' bjacobi  gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 30

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.014706
  end_time = 0.014706 #0.5
[]

[Outputs]
  interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  console = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/co2_intercomparison/1Dradial/properties.i)

# Liquid and gas properties for code intercomparison problem 3
#
# From Pruess et al, Code intercomparison builds confidence in
# numerical simulation models for geologic disposal of CO2, Energy 29 (2004)
#
# This test simply calculates density and viscosity of each phase for
# various pressures and salinities, as well as mass fractions of CO2 in the
# liquid phase and H2O in the gas phase.
#
# Four versions of this are run:
# 1) No CO2, 0 salt mass fraction (pure water)
# 2) Enough CO2 to form gas phase, 0 salt mass fraction (pure water)
# 3) No CO2, 0.15 salt mass fraction
# 4) Enough CO2 to form gas phase, 0.15 salt mass fraction
#
# These results compare well with detailed results presented in Pruess et al,
# Intercomparison of numerical simulation codes for geologic disposal of CO2,
# LBNL-51813 (2002)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 4
  xmax = 4
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [density_liquid]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_liquid]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [density_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_liquid
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_liquid
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [pic]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'if(x<1,12e6,if(x<2,16e6,if(x<3,20e6,24e6)))'
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pic]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = pic
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diffusionp]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = pgas
  []
  [diffusionz]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 45
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
  file_base = properties_water
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    variable = 'pgas density_liquid density_gas viscosity_liquid viscosity_gas x1 y0'
    sort_by = x
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_thick_fracture_transient.i)

# Using a single-dimensional mesh
# Transient flow and solute transport along a fracture in a porous matrix
# advective dominated flow in the fracture and diffusion into the porous matrix
#
# Note that fine_thick_fracture_steady.i must be run to initialise the porepressure properly

[Mesh]
  file = 'gold/fine_thick_fracture_steady_out.e'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_from_file_var = pp
    initial_from_file_timestep = 1
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity_x]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = fracture
  []
  [velocity_y]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = fracture
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = velocity_x
    component = x
  []
  [velocity_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = velocity_y
    component = y
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = top
  []
  [bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = bottom
  []
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  top
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1.002e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 1.0    # this is the true porosity of the fracture
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [poro_matrix]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 1.0
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [diff2]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability1]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '3e-8 0 0 0 3e-8 0 0 0 3e-8' # this is the true permeability of the fracture
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [permeability2]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [dt_controller]
     type = PiecewiseConstant
     x = '0    30   40 100 200 83200'
     y = '0.01 0.1  1  10  100 32'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 86400
  #dt = 0.01

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dt_controller
  []

# controls for nonlinear iterations
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-14
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
[]


[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.4 0 0'
    end_point = '0.5 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 167
    variable = massfrac0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  console = true
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh04.i)

# fully-saturated
# production
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-2 1E-1 1 1E1 1E2 1E3'
    x = '0 1E-1 1 1E1 1E2 1E3'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    m = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    variable = pp
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    point_file = bh02.bh
    fluid_phase = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = -1E6
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    use_mobility = true
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1E3
  solve_type = NEWTON
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bh04
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/hfrompps.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  ny = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
  []

  [temperature]
    scaling = 1E-6
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pressure
    value = 1e6
  []
  [temperature_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = temperature
    value = 400
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [P_time_deriv]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []

  [P_flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '0 -9.8 0'
  []

  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
 []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []

  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
    gravity = '0 -9.8 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pressure temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []

  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_flux_in_fn]
    type = PiecewiseConstant
    direction = left
    xy_data = '
      0    0
      100  0.1
      300  0
      600  0.1
      1400 0
      1500 0.2'
  []

  [T_in_fn]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    xy_data = '
      0    400
      600  450'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []

  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []

  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    at_nodes = true
  []

  [fluid_props]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    phase = 0
    fp = simple_fluid
  []

  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []

  [fp_mat]
    type = FluidPropertiesMaterialPT
    pressure = pressure
    temperature = temperature
    fp = simple_fluid
  []

  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 830.0
    density = 2750
  []

  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '2.5 0 0  0 2.5 0  0 0 2.5'
  []

  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.0E-15 0 0  0 1.0E-15 0  0 0 1.0E-14'
  []

  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    variable = pressure
    mass_flux = mass_flux_in
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
  []
  [source_h]
    type = PorousFlowPointEnthalpySourceFromPostprocessor
    variable = temperature
    mass_flux = mass_flux_in
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    T_in = T_in
    pressure = pressure
    fp = simple_fluid
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [preferred]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu     '
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
  []

  [mass_flux_in]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_flux_in_fn
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [avg_temp]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

  [T_in]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = T_in_fn
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
  dt = 100
  end_time = 2000
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = hfrompps
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/except2.i)

# PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial attempts to have at_nodes = true
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P
    function = '2*(1-x)'
  []
  [u]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = u
    function = 'if(x<0.1,1,0)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_dot]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = ''
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [darcy_velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
    at_nodes = true
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 1
    variable = u
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux01.i)

# 1phase, 1component, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -0.7+x+y
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/brooks_corey2.i)

# Test Brooks-Corey capillary pressure curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# lambda = 2, sat_lr = 0.1, log_extension = true

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    variable = p0aux
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = p1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    lambda = 2
    log_extension = true
    pe = 1e5
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux p0aux p1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 500
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass04.i)

# The sample is a single unit element, with roller BCs on the sides
# and bottom.  A constant displacement is applied to the top: disp_z = -0.01*t.
# There is no fluid flow.
# Fluid mass conservation is checked.
#
# Under these conditions
# porepressure = porepressure(t=0) - (Fluid bulk modulus)*log(1 - 0.01*t)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# where L is the height of the sample (L=1 in this test)
#
# Parameters:
# Bulk modulus = 2
# Shear modulus = 1.5
# fluid bulk modulus = 0.5
# initial porepressure = 0.1
#
# Desired output:
# zdisp = -0.01*t
# p0 = 0.1 - 0.5*log(1-0.01*t)
# stress_xx = stress_yy = -0.01*t
# stress_zz = -0.04*t
#
# Regarding the "log" - it comes from preserving fluid mass

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    function = -0.01*t
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.5 0 0   0 0.5 0   0 0 0.5'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-8 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = mass04
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except11.i)

# Exception testing: high_ratio too small
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.9
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 3.0
    high_ratio = 0.1
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_05.i)

# Checking the Jacobian of Flux-Limited TVD Advection, 2 phases, 2 components, using flux_limiter_type != None
#
# Here we use snes_check_jacobian instead of snes_type=test.  The former just checks the Jacobian for the
# random initial conditions, while the latter checks for u=1 and u=-1
#
# The Jacobian is correct for u=1 and u=-1, but the finite-difference scheme used by snes_type=test gives the
# wrong answer.
# For u=constant, the Kuzmin-Turek scheme adds as much antidiffusion as possible, resulting in a central-difference
# version of advection (flux_limiter = 1).  This is correct, and the Jacobian is calculated correctly.
# However, when computing the Jacobian using finite differences, u is increased or decreased at a node.
# This results in that node being at a maximum or minimum, which means no antidiffusion should be added
# (flux_limiter = 0).  This corresponds to a full-upwind scheme.  So the finite-difference computes the
# Jacobian in the full-upwind scenario, which is incorrect (the original residual = 0, after finite-differencing
# the residual comes from the full-upwind scenario).
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1.1 2 -0.5'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]


[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = ppwater
    function = 'if(x<1,0,if(x<4,sin(x-1),1))'
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = ppgas
    function = 'x*(6-x)/6'
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    function = 'x/6'
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    function = '1-x/7'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux_ph0_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppwater
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp0
  []
  [flux_ph0_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppgas
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp1
  []
  [flux_ph1_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp0
  []
  [flux_ph1_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.5
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = minmod
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = vanleer
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = mc
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.21 0 0  0 1.5 0  0 0 0.8'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear # this is to force convergence even though the nonlinear residual is high: we just care about the Jacobian in this test
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 2 phases, 2components - transient

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 2e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = sgas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 1e5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-5
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 2e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e3
  end_time = 1e4
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'ppwater ppgas'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '100 0 0'
    num_points = 11
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress01.i)

# 2phase (PP)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [grad0]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [grad1]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP_2.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure.  Gas is added to, removed from, and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 pp1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [pp1]
    initial_condition = 1E-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [sat1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat1
    phase = 1
    property = saturation
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_porepressure = pp1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
  function = 'if(t <= 14, 10, if(t <= 25, -10, 10))'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [pp0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp0
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 4
  end_time = 46
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  sync_times = '13 14 15 24 25 25.5 26 27 28 29'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten1.i)

# Test van Genuchten relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# van Genuchten exponent m = 0.5 for both phases
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    variable = p0aux
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = p1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1e-5
    m = 0.5
    sat_lr = 0.1
    log_extension = false
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux p0aux p1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 500
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux10.i)

# 1phase, 3components, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, BW relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with BW
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -0.7+x+y
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBW
    Sn = 0.05
    Ss = 0.9
    las = 2.2
    C = 1.5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBW
    Sn = 0.05
    Ss = 0.9
    Kn = 0.02
    Ks = 0.95
    C = 1.5
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/properties.i)

# Example of accessing properties using the PorousFlowPropertyAux AuxKernel for
# each phase and fluid component (as required).

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [x0_water]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 0.8
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [capillary_pressure]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [relperm_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [energy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [energy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [capillary_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = capillary_pressure
    property = capillary_pressure
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_water
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_gas
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [energy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = energy_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [energy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = energy_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater sgas temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-5
    pc_max = 1e7
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-4
      density0 = 20
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'x0_water x0_gas'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []

  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/coldwater_injection_radial.i)

# Cold water injection into 1D radial hot reservoir (Avdonin, 1964)
#
# To generate results presented in documentation for this problem,
# set xmax = 1000 and nx = 200 in the Mesh block, and dtmax = 1e4
# and end_time = 1e6 in the Executioner block.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 50
  xmin = 0.1
  xmax = 5
  bias_x = 1.05
[]

[Problem]
  rz_coord_axis = Y
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = temperature
    property = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pliquid]
    initial_condition = 5e6
  []
  [h]
    scaling = 1e-6
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [hic]
    type = PorousFlowFluidPropertyIC
    variable = h
    porepressure = pliquid
    property = enthalpy
    temperature = 170
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    fp = water
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [injection_rate]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vals = injection_area
    vars = area
    value = '-0.1/area'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pliquid
    flux_function = injection_rate
    boundary = left
  []
  [pright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pliquid
    value = 5e6
    boundary = right
  []
  [hleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h
    value = 678.52e3
    boundary = left
  []
  [hright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h
    value = 721.4e3
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pliquid
  []
  [massflux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pliquid
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = h
  []
  [heatflux]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = h
  []
  [heatcond]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = h
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pliquid h'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    pc_max = 1e6
    sat_lr = 0.1
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterVapor
    water_fp = water
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [watervapor]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateSingleComponent
    porepressure = pliquid
    enthalpy = h
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    density = 2900
    specific_heat_capacity = 740
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '20 0 0  0 20 0  0 0 20'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e3
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 100
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [injection_area]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    boundary = left
    execute_on = initial
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem10.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with two primary variables = 0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '1 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.0
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection01.i)

# 1phase, unsaturated, heat advection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [pp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
    gravity = '1 2 3'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1.3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except10.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of activation energies

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = '1.5e4 1'
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/brooks_corey2.i)

# Test Brooks-Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Exponent lambda = 2 for both phases
# Residual saturation of phase 0: s0r = 0.2
# Residual saturation of phase 1: s1r = 0.3

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 0
    lambda = 2
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    lambda = 2
    nw_phase = true
    s_res = 0.3
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/except1.i)

# Exception testing: cannot use PorousFlowFullySaturatedUpwindHeatAdvection with != 1 phase
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy2]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedUpwindHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 2 phases, 2components - transient

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 2e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = sgas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-4
    sat_lr = 0.3
    pc_max = 1e6
    log_extension = false
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-5
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 2e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e3
  end_time = 1e4
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'ppwater ppgas'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '100 0 0'
    num_points = 11
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG2.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 2 phases, 2components - transient

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 2e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = sgas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-4
    sat_lr = 0.3
    pc_max = 1e9
    log_extension = true
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-5
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 2e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e3
  end_time = 1e4
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'ppwater ppgas'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '100 0 0'
    num_points = 11
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePSVG2
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy03.i)

# 2phase, 1 component, with solid displacements, time derivative of energy-density, TM porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas temp pwater disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 0.7
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    thermal = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.7
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.5
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except21.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect aqueous_phase_number

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac_qp]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = '1E2 1E-2'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties in PorousFlowWaterNCG.
# This test is run three times, with the initial condition of z (the total mass
# fraction of NCG in all phases) varied to give either a single phase liquid, a
# single phase gas, or two phases.

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [z]
     initial_condition = 0.005
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_water
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_gas
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_water
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_gas
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_water
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  file_base = waterncg_liquid
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass02.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 1component
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = -1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_relperm.i)

# Simple example of a 1-phase situation with hysteretic relative permeability.  Water is removed and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat
    property = saturation
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    capillary_pressure = pc
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_material]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 5, -10, 10)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 10
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01d.i)

# Test illustrating that PorousFlow allows block-restricted relative permeabilities and capillarities
# and automatically adds appropriate Joiners.
# Physically, this test is checking that gravity head is established
# for 1phase, vanGenuchten, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 100
    xmin = -1
    xmax = 0
  []
  [define_block1]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '-1 -1 -1'
    top_right = '-0.5 1 1'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = -1
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 -1 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = -1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc_0]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
  [pc_1]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_0]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    block = 0
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc_0
  []
  [ppss_1]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    block = 1
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc_1
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm_0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    block = 0
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    block = 1
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = andy
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E6
  end_time = 1E6
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = grav01d
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/tet4_adaptivity.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    elem_type = TET4
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = UniformMarker
      mark = REFINE
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = '0'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = 'pp'
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 4
  dt = 1
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'final'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  show = pp
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux13.i)

# 2phase (PP), 3components (that exist in both phases), constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
# using harmonic-mean mobility
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    full_upwind_threshold = 0
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    full_upwind_threshold = 0
    fallback_scheme = harmonic
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    full_upwind_threshold = 0
    fallback_scheme = harmonic
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s08.i)

# apply a sink flux on just one component of a 3-component, 2-phase system and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater frac_ph0_c0 pgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
  []
  [frac_ph0_c0]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [pgas]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pwater]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pwater
    function = y
  []
  [pgas]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pgas
    function = y+3
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_c0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = frac_ph0_c0
  []
  [mass_c1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass_c2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.3
      density0 = 1.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 2.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'frac_ph0_c0 frac_ph0_c1 frac_ph1_c0 frac_ph1_c1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
  [frac_ph0_c1]
    initial_condition = 0.35
  []
  [frac_ph1_c0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [frac_ph1_c1]
    initial_condition = 0.8
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass1_00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fgas*vol*por*dens0gas*exp(pgas/bulkgas)*(1-pow(1+pow(al*(pgas-pwater),1.0/(1-m)),-m))+fwater*vol*por*dens0water*exp(pwater/bulkwater)*(pow(1+pow(al*(pgas-pwater),1.0/(1-m)),-m))'
    vars = 'vol  por dens0gas pgas    pwater    bulkgas al  m   dens0water bulkwater fgas           fwater'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1      pgas_00 pwater_00 1.3     1.1 0.5 1.5        2.3       frac_ph1_c1_00 frac_ph0_c1_00'
  []
  [expected_mass_change1_00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'frac*fcn*area*dt*pow(1-pow(1+pow(al*(pgas-pwater),1.0/(1-m)),-m), 2)'
    vars = 'frac           fcn area dt  pgas    pwater    al m'
    vals = 'frac_ph1_c1_00 100 0.5 1E-3 pgas_00 pwater_00 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [mass1_00_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm1_00_prev  del_m1_00'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass_comp0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [total_mass_comp1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [total_mass_comp2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 2
  []
  [frac_ph1_c1_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = frac_ph1_c1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [frac_ph0_c1_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = frac_ph0_c1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [flux_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = flux_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pgas_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pgas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pwater_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pwater
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_00_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m1_00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change1_00
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m1_00_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_ph1_c1]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pwater # sink applied to the mass_c1 Kernel
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = true
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    fluid_phase = 1
    flux_function = 100
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 100 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 0.01
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s08
  exodus = true
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_fullsat.i)

# 1phase, heat advecting with a moving fluid
# Full upwinding is used, as implemented by the PorousFlowFullySaturatedUpwindHeatAdvection added
# In this case, the results should be identical to the case when the PorousFlowHeatAdvection Kernel is used.
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 50
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1-x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [spit_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 300
  []
  [suck_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedUpwindHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1.3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 100
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 4.4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 0.6
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [T]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 51
    sort_by = x
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_advection02.i)

# 2phase, unsaturated, heat advection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
    gravity = '1 2 3'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pgas pwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.8
      density0 = 0.7
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.3
      cv = 1.6
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/wli01.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1000
  ny = 1
  xmin = -10000
  xmax = 0
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    C = 1.5
    las = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 4
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    Kn = 0
    Ks = 1
    C = 1.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = -1E-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [base]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    value = -1E-4
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '-5000 0 0'
    end_point = '0 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 71
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 1000
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = wli01
  sync_times = '100 500 1000'
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01a.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, vanGenuchten, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# fully saturated
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1.2 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_02]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.2 0 0'
  []
  [pp_03]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.3 0 0'
  []
  [pp_04]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.4 0 0'
  []
  [pp_05]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.5 0 0'
  []
  [pp_06]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.6 0 0'
  []
  [pp_07]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.7 0 0'
  []
  [pp_08]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.8 0 0'
  []
  [pp_09]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-0.9 0 0'
  []
  [pp_10]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = grav01a
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/desorption/desorption01.i)

# Illustrates desorption works as planned.
#
# A mesh contains 3 elements in arranged in a line.
# The central element contains desorped fluid.
# This desorps to the nodes of that element.
#
# In the central element, of volume V, the following occurs.
# The initial porepressure=1, and concentration=1.
# The initial mass of fluid is
# V * (2 * porosity * density + (1 - porosity) * concentration)
# = V * 1.289547
# Notice the factor of "2" in the porespace contribution:
# it is because the porepressure is evaluated at nodes, so
# the nodes on the exterior of the centre_block have
# nodal-volume contributions from the elements not in centre_block.
#
# The mass-conservation equation reads
# 2 * porosity * density + (1 - porosity) * concentration = 1.289547
# and the desorption equation reads
# d( (1-porosity)C )/dt = - (1/tau)(C - dens_L * P / (P_L + P))
# where C = concentration, P = porepressure, P_L = Langmuir pressure
# dens_L = Langmuir density, tau = time constant.
# Using the mass-conservation equation in the desorption equation
# yields a nonlinear equation of P.  For dt=1, and the numerical values
# given below this yields
# P = 1.83697
# and
# C = 0.676616
# The desired result is achieved by MOOSE
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = three_eles.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [conc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = centre_block
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [p_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1.0
  []
  [conc_ic]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = conc
    value = 1.0
    block = centre_block
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [porespace_mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [desorped_mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassTimeDerivative
    block = centre_block
    conc_var = conc
    variable = pp
  []
  [desorped_mass_dot_conc_var]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassTimeDerivative
    block = centre_block
    conc_var = conc
    variable = conc
  []
  [flow_from_matrix]
    type = DesorptionFromMatrix
    block = centre_block
    variable = conc
    pressure_var = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp conc'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      viscosity = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [lang_stuff]
    type = LangmuirMaterial
    block = centre_block
    one_over_adsorption_time_const = 10.0
    one_over_desorption_time_const = 10.0
    langmuir_density = 1
    langmuir_pressure = 1
    pressure_var = pp
    conc_var = conc
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/brine1_tabulated.i)

# Test the density and viscosity calculated by the brine material using a
# TabulatedFluidProperties userobject for water
# Pressure 20 MPa
# Temperature 50C
# xnacl = 0.1047 (equivalent to 2.0 molality)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1047
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [watertab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = water
      save_file = false
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    water_fp = watertab
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = 0.1047
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = xnacl
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = brine1
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh05.i)

# unsaturated
# injection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '500 500 1E1'
    x = '4000 5000 6500'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = -2E5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    m = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    variable = pp
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    point_file = bh03.bh
    fluid_phase = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    use_mobility = true
    character = -1
  []
[]


[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]


[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 6500
  solve_type = NEWTON
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bh05
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure.  Gas is added to and removed from the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 pp1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [pp1]
    initial_condition = 1E-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [sat1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat1
    phase = 1
    property = saturation
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_porepressure = pp1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 9, 10, -10)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [pp0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp0
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 18
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc04.i)

# Newton cooling from a bar.  Heat conduction
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 100
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = temp
    function = '2-x/100'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [thermal_conductivity_irrelevant]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '1E2 0 0 0 1E2 0 0 0 1E2'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 2
  []
  [newton]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 1 2'
    multipliers = '-1 0 1'
    flux_function = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [temp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = temp
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 11
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol '
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 100 NONZERO 2 1E-14 1E-12'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = nc04
  execute_on = timestep_end
  exodus = false
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except16.i)

# fully-saturated
# production
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    function_of = temperature
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_hr.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Time are chosen to be hours
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 300 K  (temperature unit = K)
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 3.06E-7 Pa.hr
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10E6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    time_unit = hours
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey4.i)

# Test Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Residual saturation of phase 0: s0r = 0.2
# Residual saturation of phase 1: s1r = 0.3

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
    family = LAGRANGE
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    scaling = 0.1
    phase = 0
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    scaling = 10.0
    phase = 1
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.3
    sum_s_res = 0.5
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm2.i)

# Assign porosity and permeability variables from constant AuxVariables to create
# a heterogeneous model

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 3
  ny = 3
  nz = 3
  xmin = 1
  xmax = 4
  ymin = 1
  ymax = 4
  zmin = 1
  zmax = 4
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 -10'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [poromat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poromat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poromat
  []
  [permxxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxxmat
    column = 0
    row = 0
  []
  [permxymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxymat
    column = 1
    row = 0
  []
  [permxzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxzmat
    column = 2
    row = 0
  []
  [permyxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyxmat
    column = 0
    row = 1
  []
  [permyymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyymat
    column = 1
    row = 1
  []
  [permyzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyzmat
    column = 2
    row = 1
  []
  [permzxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzxmat
    column = 0
    row = 2
  []
  [permzymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzymat
    column = 1
    row = 2
  []
  [permzzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzzmat
    column = 2
    row = 2
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [poro]
    type = RandomIC
    seed = 0
    variable = poro
    max = 0.5
    min = 0.1
  []
  [permxx]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permxx
    variable = permxx
  []
  [permxy]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permxy
    variable = permxy
  []
  [permxz]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permxz
    variable = permxz
  []
  [permyx]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permyx
    variable = permyx
  []
  [permyy]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permyy
    variable = permyy
  []
  [permyz]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permyz
    variable = permyz
  []
  [permzx]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permzx
    variable = permzx
  []
  [permzy]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permzy
    variable = permzy
  []
  [permzz]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permzz
    variable = permzz
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [permxx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(x*x)*1e-11'
  []
  [permxy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(x*y)*1e-11'
  []
  [permxz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(x*z)*1e-11'
  []
  [permyx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(y*x)*1e-11'
  []
  [permyy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(y*y)*1e-11'
  []
  [permyz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(y*z)*1e-11'
  []
  [permzx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(z*x)*1e-11'
  []
  [permzy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(z*y)*1e-11'
  []
  [permzz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(z*z)*1e-11'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = ppwater
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = poro
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = permxx
    perm_xy = permxy
    perm_xz = permxz
    perm_yx = permyx
    perm_yy = permyy
    perm_yz = permyz
    perm_zx = permzx
    perm_zy = permzy
    perm_zz = permzz
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 100
  dt = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux08.i)

# 1phase, 1component, constant viscosity, Kozeny-Carman permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
    phi0 = 0.1
    n = 1.0
    m = 2.0
    k0 = 2
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01c.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, vanGenuchten, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# unsaturated
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = -1
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 -1 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = -1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = grav01c
  exodus = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem12.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with three primary variables and four reactions
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [c]
    initial_condition = 0.15
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1.999
  []
  [eqm_k2]
    initial_condition = 0.789
  []
  [eqm_k3]
    initial_condition = 1.111
  []
  [ini_sec_conc0]
    initial_condition = 0.02
  []
  [ini_sec_conc1]
    initial_condition = 0.04
  []
  [ini_sec_conc2]
    initial_condition = 0.06
  []
  [ini_sec_conc3]
    initial_condition = 0.08
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = '1E10 2E10 3E10 4E10'
    stoichiometry = '1 1 2 0'
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = '1.1E10 2.2E10 3.3E10 4.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '2 -2 0 0.5'
  []
  [c]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = c
    mineral_density = '0.1E10 0.2E10 0.3E10 0.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '3 -3 0 1'
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b c temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 4
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 4
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b c'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b c'
    num_reactions = 4
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1 eqm_k2 eqm_k3'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8 0.9'
    reactions = '1 2 3
                 1 -2 -3
                 2 0 0
                 0 0.5 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '-44.4E-2 22.1E-2 32.1E-1 -50E-2'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '0.678 0.999 1.23 0.3'
    activation_energy = '4.4 3.3 4.5 4.0'
    molar_volume = '3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6'
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = '1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9'
    eta_exponent = '1.2 1.01 1.1 1.2'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1 ini_sec_conc2 ini_sec_conc3'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except14.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of initial concentrations

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [ini_conc_0]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 'ini_conc_0 ini_conc_0'
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02b.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the steady-state situation when 0<saturation<1 (note the strictly less-than).
# 2phase (PP), 2components, vanGenuchten, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = -1.0
  []
  [ppgas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ppwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    variable = ppwater
    value = -1
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    variable = ppgas
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_ppwater]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 pp_water_top 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
  [ana_ppgas]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1 pp_gas_top 0.1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      viscosity = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_water_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_gas_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppgas
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = grav02b
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/vol_expansion_poroperm.i)

# Apply an increasing porepressure, with zero mechanical forces,
# and observe the corresponding volumetric expansion and porosity increase.
# Check that permeability is calculated correctly from porosity.
#
# P = t
# With the Biot coefficient being 1, the effective stresses should be
# stress_xx = stress_yy = stress_zz = t
# With bulk modulus = 1 then should have
# vol_strain = strain_xx + strain_yy + strain_zz = t.
#
# With the biot coefficient being 1, the porosity (phi) # at time t is:
# phi = 1 - (1 - phi0) / exp(vol_strain)
# where phi0 is the porosity at t = 0 and P = 0.
#
# The permeability (k) is
# k = k_anisotropic * f * d^2 * phi^n / (1-phi)^m

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [p]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [p]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'bottom top'
    variable = p
    function = t
  []
  [xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
  []
  [ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = bottom
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
  []
  [zmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = back
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p_does_not_really_diffuse]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p
  []
  [TensorMechanics]
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [poro]
    type = PointValue
    variable = poro
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    bulk_modulus = 1
    shear_modulus = 1
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = p
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    solid_bulk = 1
    biot_coefficient = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_fd2
    f = 0.1
    d = 5
    m = 2
    n = 7
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_atol -ksp_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10 1E-15 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = vol_expansion_poroperm
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_fully_saturated_volume.i)

# Mandel's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
# Using the FullySaturatedDarcyBase and FullySaturatedFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative kernels
# with multiply_by_density = false, so that this problem becomes linear
# Note the use of consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false in the calculation of volumetric strain
#
# A sample is in plane strain.
# -a <= x <= a
# -b <= y <= b
# It is squashed with constant force by impermeable, frictionless plattens on its top and bottom surfaces (at y=+/-b)
# Fluid is allowed to leak out from its sides (at x=+/-a)
# The porepressure within the sample is monitored.
#
# As is common in the literature, this is simulated by
# considering the quarter-sample, 0<=x<=a and 0<=y<=b, with
# impermeable, roller BCs at x=0 and y=0 and y=b.
# Porepressure is fixed at zero on x=a.
# Porepressure and displacement are initialised to zero.
# Then the top (y=b) is moved downwards with prescribed velocity,
# so that the total force that is inducing this downwards velocity
# is fixed.  The velocity is worked out by solving Mandel's problem
# analytically, and the total force is monitored in the simulation
# to check that it indeed remains constant.
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil width.  a = 1
# Soil height.  b = 0.1
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 0.5
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = G = 0.75
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 1
# Drained Poisson ratio.  nu = (3K - 2G)/(6K + 2G) = 0.2
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 1
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Biot modulus.  M = 1/(phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K) = 4.705882
# Undrained bulk modulus. Ku = K + alpha^2*M = 2.694118
# Undrained Poisson ratio.  nuu = (3Ku - 2G)/(6Ku + 2G) = 0.372627
# Skempton coefficient.  B = alpha*M/Ku = 1.048035
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = 2*k*B^2*G*(1-nu)*(1+nuu)^2/9/(1-nuu)/(nuu-nu) = 3.821656
# Normal stress on top.  F = 1
#
# The solution for porepressure and displacements is given in
# AHD Cheng and E Detournay "A direct boundary element method for plane strain poroelasticity" International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 12 (1988) 551-572.
# The solution involves complicated infinite series, so I shall not write it here

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 10
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [roller_xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [roller_ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [plane_strain]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
  [xmax_drained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    function = top_velocity
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [top_velocity]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.002 0.006   0.014   0.03    0.046   0.062   0.078   0.094   0.11    0.126   0.142   0.158   0.174   0.19 0.206 0.222 0.238 0.254 0.27 0.286 0.302 0.318 0.334 0.35 0.366 0.382 0.398 0.414 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494 0.51 0.526 0.542 0.558 0.574 0.59 0.606 0.622 0.638 0.654 0.67 0.686 0.702'
    y = '-0.041824842    -0.042730269    -0.043412712    -0.04428867     -0.045509181    -0.04645965     -0.047268246 -0.047974749      -0.048597109     -0.0491467  -0.049632388     -0.050061697      -0.050441198     -0.050776675     -0.051073238      -0.0513354 -0.051567152      -0.051772022     -0.051953128 -0.052113227 -0.052254754 -0.052379865 -0.052490464 -0.052588233 -0.052674662 -0.052751065 -0.052818606 -0.052878312 -0.052931093 -0.052977751 -0.053018997 -0.053055459 -0.053087691 -0.053116185 -0.053141373 -0.05316364 -0.053183324 -0.053200724 -0.053216106 -0.053229704 -0.053241725 -0.053252351 -0.053261745 -0.053270049 -0.053277389 -0.053283879 -0.053289615'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [tot_force]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [tot_force]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'stress_yy porepressure'
    execute_on = timestep_end
    variable = tot_force
    function = '-stress_yy+0.6*porepressure'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    multiply_by_density = false
    coupling_type = HydroMechanical
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    multiply_by_density = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure_qp]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst # only the initial value of this is ever used
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk_compliance = 1
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 8
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.2 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.3 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.4 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.6 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.7 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.8 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.9 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [xdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [ydisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [total_downwards_force]
     type = ElementAverageValue
     outputs = csv
     variable = tot_force
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.15*t<0.01,0.15*t,0.01)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 0.7
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mandel_fully_saturated_volume
  [csv]
    interval = 3
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution.i)

# The dissolution reaction
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using mineral_density = fluid_density, theta = 1 = eta, the DE is
#
# a' = -(mineral / porosity)' = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is positive for a < 0.25, ie dissolution for a(t=0) < 0.25
#
# The solution of the DE is
# a = eqm_const / act_coeff + (a(t=0) - eqm_const / act_coeff) exp(-rate * surf_area * molar_vol * act_coeff * t / eqm_const)
#   = 0.25 + (a(t=0) - 0.25) exp(-4 * t)
# c = c(t=0) - (a - a(t=0)) * porosity
#
# This test checks that (a + c / porosity) is time-independent, and that a follows the above solution
#
# Aside:
#    The exponential curve is not followed exactly because moose actually solves
#    (a - a_old)/dt = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#    which does not give an exponential exactly, except in the limit dt->0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [pressure]
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [should_be_static]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'mineral a'
    function = 'a + mineral / 0.1'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [pre_dis]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [mass_frac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = a
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [a]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = a
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  interval = 10
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except13.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of eta exponents

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
    eta_exponent = '1 1'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s12.i)

# The PorousFlowEnthalpy sink adds heat energy corresponding to injecting a 1kg/s/m^2 (flux_function = -1)
# of fluid at pressure 0.5 (given by the AuxVariable p_aux) and the input temperature is 300 (given by the T_in parameter).
# SimpleFluidProperties are used, with density0 = 10, bulk_modulus = 1, thermal_expansion = 0, and cv = 1E-4
# density = 10 * exp(0.5 / 1 + 0) = 16.4872
# internal energy = 1E-4 * 300 = 0.03
# enthalpy = 0.03 + 0.5/16.3872 = 0.0603265
# This is applied over an area of 100, so the total energy flux is 6.03265 J/s.
# This the the rate of change of the heat energy reported by the PorousFlowHeatEnergy Postprocessor

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
  nz = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [p_aux]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1E-4
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2
    density = 3
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left_p]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    flux_function = -1
  []
  [left_T]
    type = PorousFlowEnthalpySink
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    T_in = 300
    fp = simple_fluid
    flux_function = -1
    porepressure_var = p_aux
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_heat_energy]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 0
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.25
  num_steps = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s12
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy05.i)

# 2phase, 1 component, with solid displacements, time derivative of energy-density, THM porosity wth _ensure_positive = true, and compressive strains
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.0
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.0
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.0
  []
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 0.01
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -0.01
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas temp pwater disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 0.7
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    porosity_zero = 0.7
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.7
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
    solid_bulk = 10
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd03.i)

[Mesh]
  file = gold/rd02.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '2E4 1E6'
    x = '0 1E6'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.336
    alpha = 1.43e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      viscosity = 1.01e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    m = 0.336
    seff_turnover = 0.99
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.33
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.295E-12 0 0  0 0.295E-12 0  0 0 0.295E-12'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_from_file_timestep = LATEST
    initial_from_file_var = pressure
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-10 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [base]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 0.0
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '6 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 121
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 8.2944E6

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = rd03
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_brineco2.i)

# Two phase Theis problem: Flow from single source.
# Constant rate injection 2 kg/s
# 1D cylindrical mesh
# Initially, system has only a liquid phase, until enough gas is injected
# to form a gas phase, in which case the system becomes two phase.
#
# This test takes a few minutes to run, so is marked heavy

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 2000
  xmax = 2000
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = xnacl
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = xnacl
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi xnacl'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2sw]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = co2sw
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [watertab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = water
      temperature_min = 273.15
      temperature_max = 573.15
      fluid_property_file = water_fluid_properties.csv
      save_file = false
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
      water_fp = watertab
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 2
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    growth_factor = 1.5
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '2000 0 0'
    num_points = 10000
    variable = 'pgas zi xnacl x1 saturation_gas'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = pgas
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = zi
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = x1
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = y0
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = xnacl
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  [csvout]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = timestep_end
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/11.i)

# Two-phase borehole injection problem
[Mesh]
  [annular]
    type = AnnularMeshGenerator
    nr = 10
    rmin = 1.0
    rmax = 10
    growth_r = 1.4
    nt = 4
    dmin = 0
    dmax = 90
  []
  [make3D]
    input = annular
    type = MeshExtruderGenerator
    extrusion_vector = '0 0 12'
    num_layers = 3
    bottom_sideset = 'bottom'
    top_sideset = 'top'
  []
  [shift_down]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '0 0 -6'
    input = make3D
  []
  [aquifer]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -2'
    top_right = '10 10 2'
    input = shift_down
  []
  [injection_area]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x*x+y*y<1.01'
    included_subdomain_ids = 1
    new_sideset_name = 'injection_area'
    input = 'aquifer'
  []
  [rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block_id = '0 1'
    new_block_name = 'caps aquifer'
    input = 'injection_area'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater pgas T disp_x disp_y'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1E-6
    m = 0.6
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  biot_coefficient = 1.0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 20E6
  []
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20.1E6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 330
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
  [disp_x]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
  [disp_y]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_water_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux_water]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_water]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass_co2_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux_co2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_co2]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [vol_strain_rate_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = T
  []
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    temperature = T
    variable = disp_x
    eigenstrain_names = thermal_contribution
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_x
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    temperature = T
    variable = disp_y
    eigenstrain_names = thermal_contribution
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_y
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_z]
  []
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [mass_frac_phase0_species0]
    initial_condition = 1 # all water in phase=0
  []
  [mass_frac_phase1_species0]
    initial_condition = 0 # no water in phase=1
  []
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_rr]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_tt]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [stress_zz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'pwater pgas swater sgas'
    function = 'pwater * swater + pgas * sgas'
    variable = effective_fluid_pressure
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = swater
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sgas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_rr]
    type = RankTwoScalarAux
    variable = stress_rr
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    scalar_type = RadialStress
    point1 = '0 0 0'
    point2 = '0 0 1'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_tt]
    type = RankTwoScalarAux
    variable = stress_tt
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    scalar_type = HoopStress
    point1 = '0 0 0'
    point2 = '0 0 1'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    variable = stress_zz
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = porosity
    property = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]


[BCs]
  [roller_tmax]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = dmax
  []
  [roller_tmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = dmin
  []
  [pinned_top_bottom_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'top bottom'
  []
  [pinned_top_bottom_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'top bottom'
  []
  [cavity_pressure_x]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
    postprocessor = constrained_effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [cavity_pressure_y]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
    postprocessor = constrained_effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []

  [cold_co2]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = T
    value = 290  # injection temperature
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [constant_co2_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = injection_area
    variable = pgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    flux_function = -1E-4
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []

  [outer_water_removal]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = rmax
    variable = pwater
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E8'
    PT_shift = 20E6
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [outer_co2_removal]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = rmax
    variable = pgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E8'
    PT_shift = 20.1E6
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [true_water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_water]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_water
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      interpolated_properties = 'density viscosity enthalpy internal_energy'
      fluid_property_file = water97_tabulated_11.csv
    []
    [true_co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_co2
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      interpolated_properties = 'density viscosity enthalpy internal_energy'
      fluid_property_file = co2_tabulated_11.csv
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'mass_frac_phase0_species0 mass_frac_phase1_species0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_water
    phase = 0
  []
  [co2]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_co2
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_co2]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity_mat]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    reference_temperature = 330
    reference_porepressure = 20E6
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 15E-6 # volumetric
    solid_bulk = 8E9 # unimportant since biot = 1
  []
  [permeability_aquifer]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = aquifer
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    phi0 = 0.1
    n = 2
    m = 2
    k0 = 1E-12
  []
  [permeability_caps]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = caps
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    phi0 = 0.1
    n = 2
    m = 2
    k0 = 1E-15
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 0.1'
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '2 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 2'
  []
  [rock_internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1100
    density = 2300
  []

  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    youngs_modulus = 5E9
    poissons_ratio = 0.0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = 'thermal_contribution initial_stress'
  []
  [thermal_contribution]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    temperature = T
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5E-6 # this is the linear thermal expansion coefficient
    eigenstrain_name = thermal_contribution
    stress_free_temperature = 330
  []
  [initial_strain]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = '20E6 0 0  0 20E6 0  0 0 20E6'
    eigenstrain_name = initial_stress
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [effective_fluid_pressure_mat]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [volumetric_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore]
    type = PointValue
    variable = effective_fluid_pressure
    point = '1 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [constrained_effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = constrain_effective_fluid_pressure
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [constrain_effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    vals = effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore
    value = 'max(effective_fluid_pressure_at_wellbore, 20E6)'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1E3
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1E3
    growth_factor = 1.2
    optimal_iterations = 10
  []
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-7
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02c.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<=saturation<=1 (note the less-than-or-equal-to).
# 2phase (PP), 2components, vanGenuchten, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-3 1E-2 1E-1'
    x = '1E-3 1E-2 1E-1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = -0.1
  []
  [ppgas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_ppwater]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 pp_water_top 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      viscosity = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_water_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []

[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = andy
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = grav02c
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/coarse_3D.i)

# Flow and solute transport along 2 2D eliptical fractures embedded in a 3D porous matrix
# the model domain has dimensions 1 x 1 x 0.3m and the two fracture have r1 = 0.45 and r2 = 0.2
# The fractures intersect each other and the domain boundaries on two opposite sides
# fracture aperture = 6e-4m
# fracture porosity = 6e-4m
# fracture permeability = 1.8e-11 which is based in k=3e-8 from a**2/12, and k*a = 3e-8*6e-4;
# matrix porosity = 0.1;
# matrix permeanility = 1e-20;

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = coarse_3D.e
  block_id = '1 2 3'
  block_name = 'matrix f1 f2'

  boundary_id = '1 2 3 4'
  boundary_name = 'rf2 lf1 right_matrix left_matrix'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity_x]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
  [velocity_y]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
  [velocity_z]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_x
    component = x
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
  [velocity_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_y
    component = y
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
  [velocity_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_z
    component = z
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1e6
  []
  [tracer]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = tracer
    boundary = rf2
  []
  [bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = tracer
    boundary = lf1
  []
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  rf2
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = lf1
    value = 1.02e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = tracer
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = tracer
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = tracer
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'tracer'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro1]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 6e-4   # = a * phif
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1.e-9 1.e-9'
    tortuosity = 1.0
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
  [poro2]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix'
  []
  [diff2]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1.e-9 1.e-9'
    tortuosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability1]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11'   # 1.8e-11 = a * kf
    block = 'f1 f2'
  []
  [permeability2]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 20
  dt = 1
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '-0.5 0 0'
    end_point = '0.5 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 41
    variable = tracer
    outputs = csv
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gravityeq.i)

# Initial run to establish gravity equilibrium. As only brine is present (no gas),
# we can use the single phase equation of state and kernels, reducing the computational
# cost. An estimate of the hydrostatic pressure gradient is used as the initial condition
# using an approximate brine density of 1060 kg/m^3.
# The end time is set to a large value (~100 years) to allow the pressure to reach
# equilibrium. Steady state detection is used to halt the run when a steady state is reached.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ny = 10
  nx = 10
  ymax = 100
  xmax = 5000
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = ppic
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ppic]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '10e6 + 1060*9.81*(100-y)'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 10e6
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [brine_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [brine_density]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = density
    variable = brine_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = porepressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ps]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    xnacl = xnacl
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13 0  0 0 1e-13'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 3e9
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-06
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-12
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e1
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_predis.i)

# PorousFlow analogy of chemical_reactions/test/tests/solid_kinetics/2species_without_action.i
#
# Simple equilibrium reaction example to illustrate the use of PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
#
# In this example, two primary species a and b diffuse towards each other from
# opposite ends of a porous medium, reacting when they meet to form a mineral
# precipitate. The kinetic reaction is
#
# a + b = mineral
#
# where a and b are the primary species (reactants), and mineral is the precipitate.
# At the time of writing, the results of this test differ from chemical_reactions because
# in PorousFlow the mineral_concentration is measured in m^3 (precipitate) / m^3 (porous_material)
# in chemical_reactions the mineral_concentration is measured in m^3 (precipitate) / m^3 (fluid)
# ie, PorousFlow_mineral_concentration = porosity * chemical_reactions_mineral_concentration

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  xmax = 1
  ymax = 1
  nx = 40
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [b]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [diff_a]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [predis_a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
  [mass_b]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = b
  []
  [diff_b]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [predis_b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 298.15
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [chem]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '1.0'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '1.0e-8'
    activation_energy = '1.5e4'
    molar_volume = 1
    gas_constant = 8.314
    reference_temperature = 298.15
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.4
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    # porous_flow permeability / porous_flow viscosity = chemical_reactions conductivity = 4E-3
    permeability = '4E-6 0 0 0 4E-6 0 0 0 4E-6'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    # porous_flow diffusion_coeff * tortuousity * porosity = chemical_reactions diffusivity = 5E-4
    diffusion_coeff = '12.5E-4 12.5E-4 12.5E-4'
    tortuosity = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [a_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = a
    boundary = left
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
  [a_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = a
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [b_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = b
    boundary = left
    value = 0
  []
  [b_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = b
    boundary = right
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 5
  end_time = 50
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/vangenuchten2.i)

# Test van Genuchten relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# van Genuchten exponent m = 0.5 for both phases
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    variable = p0aux
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = p1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1e-5
    m = 0.5
    sat_lr = 0.1
    log_extension = true
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux p0aux p1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 500
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp01.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the dispersive contribution to the diffusive component of
# the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel. By setting disp_long and disp_trans to the same
# non-zero value, and diffusion to zero (by setting tortuosity to zero), the purely
# dispersive component of the flux is zero, and the only flux is due to the contribution
# from disp_trans on the diffusive flux.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 2e1
    min = 1e1
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.1
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.1
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1'
    tortuosity = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/except1.i)

# phase number is too high in PorousFlowBasicAdvection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P
    function = '2*(1-x)'
  []
  [u]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = u
    function = 'if(x<0.1,1,0)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_dot]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = ''
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [darcy_velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 1
    variable = u
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass09.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor throws the correct error when more than a single
# phase index is given when using the saturation_threshold parameter

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    saturation_threshold = 0.5
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except22.i)

# Exception test
# Zero fluid phases
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = dummy
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = dummy
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [predis_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = 0.5
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    chemical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.6
    reference_chemistry = ini_mineral_conc
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [c]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = mineral
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties in PorousFlowBrineCO2

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  temperature = 30
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [z]
     initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_water
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_gas
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_water
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_gas
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_water
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  file_base = brineco2
  execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  perf_graph = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/except1.i)

# Exception test: thermal=true but no thermal_expansion_coeff provided
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 4
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '0.5 * x'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [dummy_t]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [dummy_x]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_y]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_z]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    variable = porosity
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    mechanical = true
    fluid = true
    thermal = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 0.3
    reference_porepressure = 3
    reference_temperature = 3.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro04.i)

# Testing permeability from porosity
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropic * k
# with log k = A * phi + B

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []

  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityExponential
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = log_k
    A = 4.342945
    B = -8
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcond01.i)

# 0phase heat conduction
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '1.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 2.2 0 0.3 0 3.3'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except7.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of stoichiometric coefficients

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0'
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except1.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of secondary activity coefficients

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff01.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the diffusive component of the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel.
# By setting disp_long and disp_trans to zero, the purely diffusive component of the flux
# can be isolated.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 2e1
    min = 1e1
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0
    disp_trans = 0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0
    disp_trans = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1'
    tortuosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis.i)

# Two phase Theis problem: Flow from single source using WaterNCG fluidstate.
# Constant rate injection 2 kg/s
# 1D cylindrical mesh
# Initially, system has only a liquid phase, until enough gas is injected
# to form a gas phase, in which case the system becomes two phase.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 40
  xmax = 200
  bias_x = 1.05
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 2
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-8       1E-10 20'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 2e2
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
    growth_factor = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'pgas zi'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = pgas
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = zi
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = x1
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = y0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  [csvout]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = timestep_end
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except15.i)

# Exception: attempting to use PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS in a 1-phase situation
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 19
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcs01.i)

# apply a half-cubic sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 2
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'left'
    center = 0.1
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 2.2
    variable = ppwater
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'top left front'
    center = 0.5
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = -2.2
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    variable = ppgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'right'
    center = -0.1
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 1.2
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-1.1*x*y'
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'bottom'
    center = 3.2
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 1.2
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = hcs01
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis2.i)

# Theis problem: Flow to single sink
# Constant rate injection between 200 and 1000 s.
# Cartesian mesh with logarithmic distribution in x and y.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 20
  ny = 20
  bias_x = 1.1
  bias_y = 1.1
  ymax = 100
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  compute_enthalpy = false
  compute_internal_energy = false
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-14 0 0 0 1E-14 0 0 0 1E-14'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 200
  end_time = 1000
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  file_base = theis2
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [PressureIC]
    variable = pp
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 20e6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [sink]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    start_time = 200
    end_time = 1000
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = -0.04
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    value = 20e6
    boundary = right
  []
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    value = 20e6
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = SideValueSampler
    variable = pp
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = timestep_end
    boundary = bottom
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_yr.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Time unit is chosen to be years
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 300 K  (temperature unit = K)
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 3.49E-11 Pa.yr
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10E6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    time_unit = years
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem03.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E-5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E-5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_relperm_2.i)

# Simple example of a 1-phase situation with hysteretic relative permeability.  Water is removed and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat
    property = saturation
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    capillary_pressure = pc
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_material]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 3, -10, if(t <= 5, 10, if(t <= 13, -10, 10)))'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 3
  end_time = 25
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '1 2 2.75 3 4 4.5 5 5.25 6 7.5 9 12 13 13.25 13.5 13.75 14 14.25 15 16 19 22 25'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress04.i)

# 2phase (PS)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
# RZ coordinate system
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [sgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [sgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad0]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [grad1]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 10
    sat_lr = 0.01
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/vary_sat_1.i)

# The saturation is varied with time and the capillary pressure is computed
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = dummy
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat_aux]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = sat
    function = '1 - t'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat
  []
  [pc]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc06.i)

# Newton cooling from a bar.  1-phase and heat, steady
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 100
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pressure temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  # have to start these reasonably close to their steady-state values
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure
    function = '(2-x/100)*1E6'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = temp
    function = 100+0.1*x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pressure
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e6
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
      cv = 1e6
      porepressure_coefficient = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftp]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = left
    value = 2E6
  []
  [leftt]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 100
  []
  [newtonp]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1300000 1400000 1500000 1600000 1700000 1800000 1900000 2000000'
    multipliers = '0. 5.6677197748570516e-6 0.000011931518841831313 0.00001885408740732065 0.000026504708864284114 0.000034959953203725676 0.000044304443352900224 0.00005463170211001232 0.00006604508815181467 0.00007865883048198513 0.00009259917167338928 0.00010800563134618119 0.00012503240252705603 0.00014384989486488752 0.00016464644014777016 0.00018763017719085535 0.0002130311349595711 0.00024110353477682344 0.00027212833465544285 0.00030641604122040985 0.00034430981736352295'
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
  []
  [newton]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1300000 1400000 1500000 1600000 1700000 1800000 1900000 2000000'
    multipliers = '0. 5.6677197748570516e-6 0.000011931518841831313 0.00001885408740732065 0.000026504708864284114 0.000034959953203725676 0.000044304443352900224 0.00005463170211001232 0.00006604508815181467 0.00007865883048198513 0.00009259917167338928 0.00010800563134618119 0.00012503240252705603 0.00014384989486488752 0.00016464644014777016 0.00018763017719085535 0.0002130311349595711 0.00024110353477682344 0.00027212833465544285 0.00030641604122040985 0.00034430981736352295'
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    use_internal_energy = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = pressure
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 11
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [temperature]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = temp
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 11
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol '
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 100 NONZERO 2 1E-8 1E-15'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = nc06
  execute_on = timestep_end
  exodus = true
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav01b.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, vanGenuchten, constant and large fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relperm
# fully saturated
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1E3 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e3
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = grav01b
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except12.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of theta exponents

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
    theta_exponent = '1 1'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rsc02.i)

# RSC test with low-res time and spatial resolution
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 200
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10 # x is the depth variable, called zeta in RSC
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '3E-2 5E-1 8E-1'
    x = '0 1 5'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater poil'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureRSC
    oil_viscosity = 2E-3
    scale_ratio = 2E3
    shift = 10
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [oil]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 20
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 2e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = poil
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = water
    phase = 0
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [oil]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = oil
    phase = 1
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_oil]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0  0 1E-5 0  0 0 1E-5'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
  []
  [poil]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [water_init]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pwater
    value = 0
  []
  [oil_init]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = poil
    value = 15
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = poil
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = poil
  []
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [SOil]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]


[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
  [SOil]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 1
    variable = SOil
  []
[]


[BCs]
# we are pumping water into a system that has virtually incompressible fluids, hence the pressures rise enormously.  this adversely affects convergence because of almost-overflows and precision-loss problems.  The fixed things help keep pressures low and so prevent these awful behaviours.   the movement of the saturation front is the same regardless of the fixed things.
  active = 'recharge fixedoil fixedwater'
  [recharge]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pwater
    boundary = 'left'
    flux_function = -1.0
  []
  [fixedwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pwater
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
  [fixedoil]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = poil
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 15
  []
[]



[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '7 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 21
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = rsc02
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D_angle.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, mploying PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 2D version with velocity = (0.1, 0.2, 0)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x - 2 * y'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1 | x > 0.3 | y < 0.1 | y > 0.3, 0, 1)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_boundary_porepressure]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x - 2 * y'
    boundary = 'left right top bottom'
  []
  [no_tracer_at_boundary]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right top bottom'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 0.3
  dt = 0.1
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except20.i)

# Exception test
# No reference chemistry
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = dummy
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = dummy
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [predis_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc_qp]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    chemical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.6
    initial_mineral_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [c]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = mineral
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02d.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<=saturation<=1 (note the less-than-or-equal-to).
# 2phase (PP), 2components, vanGenuchten, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity, constant permeability, Corey relative perm.
# A boundary condition enforces porepressures at the right boundary
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 2E-1'
    y = '1E-3 1E-2 0.2E-1 1E-1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ppwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    variable = ppwater
    value = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    variable = ppgas
    value = 0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_ppwater]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 2 pp_water_top 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      viscosity = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_water_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_water_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_02]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.2 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_03]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.3 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_04]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.4 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_05]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.5 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_06]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.6 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_07]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.7 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_08]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.8 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_09]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-0.9 0 0'
  []
  [ppwater_10]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_02]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.2 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_03]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.3 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_04]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.4 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_05]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.5 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_06]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.6 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_07]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.7 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_08]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.8 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_09]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-0.9 0 0'
  []
  [ppgas_10]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppgas
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = andy
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
  end_time = 1.0
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'initial final'
    file_base = grav02d
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass06.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor correctly calculates the mass
# of each component in each phase, as well as the total mass of each
# component in all phases. Also tests that optional saturation threshold
# gives the correct mass
# 2phase, 2component, constant porosity
# saturation_threshold set to 0.6 for phase 1

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp0_phase0_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [comp0_phase1_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 1
  []
  [comp0_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [comp1_phase0_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [comp1_phase1_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
  []
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [comp1_phase1_threshold_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    saturation_threshold = 0.6
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-16
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mass06
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except5.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of equilibrium constant

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_02.i)

# 1-phase hysteresis.  Saturation calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = quadratic
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 10
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.1
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 7.0
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [saturation]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [saturation]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [sat]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.5 0 0'
    end_point = '9.5 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'saturation pp'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_transient.i)

# Using a mixed-dimensional mesh
# Transient flow and solute transport along a fracture in a porous matrix
# advective dominated flow in the fracture and diffusion into the porous matrix
#
# Note that fine_steady.i must be run to initialise the porepressure properly

[Mesh]
  file = 'gold/fine_steady_out.e'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_from_file_var = pp
    initial_from_file_timestep = 1
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity_x]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = fracture
  []
  [velocity_y]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = fracture
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_x
    component = x
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
  [velocity_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_y
    component = y
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = top
  []
  [bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = bottom
  []
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  top
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1.002e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 6e-4   # = a * phif
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [poro_matrix]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 1.0
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [diff2]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11' # kf=3e-8, a=6e-4m.  1.8e-11 = kf * a
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [permeability_matrix]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [dt_controller]
     type = PiecewiseConstant
     x = '0    30   40 100 200 83200'
     y = '0.01 0.1  1  10  100 32'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 86400

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dt_controller
  []

# controls for nonlinear iterations
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-14
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
[]


[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.4 0 0'
    end_point = '0.5 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 167
    variable = massfrac0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  console = true
  csv = true
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_adaptivity.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient simulation with a constant
# PorousFlowPorosity and mesh adaptivity with an indicator

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = front
      refine = 0.5
      coarsen = 0.2
    []
  []
  [Indicators]
    [front]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = pp
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    preset = false
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
  [right]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E9'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E-6
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e3
  end_time = 5e3
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/diff03.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the diffusive component of the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel for two phases.
# By setting disp_long and disp_trans to zero, the purely diffusive component of the flux
# can be isolated. Uses saturation-dependent tortuosity and diffusion coefficients from the
# Millington-Quirk model

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [sgas]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    max = 1
    min = 0
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = sgas
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'sgas massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 0.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = 1
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityMillingtonQuirk
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1 1e-2 1e-1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh02.i)

# fully-saturated
# production
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole

    # Because the Variable for this Sink is pp, and pp is associated
    # with the fluid-mass conservation equation, this sink is extracting
    # fluid mass (and not heat energy or something else)
    variable = pp


    # The following specfies that the total fluid mass coming out of
    # the porespace via this sink in this timestep should be recorded
    # in the pls_total_outflow_mass UserObject
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass


    # The following file defines the polyline geometry
    # which is just two points in this particular example
    point_file = bh02.bh


    # First, we want Peacemans f to be a function of porepressure (and not
    # temperature or something else).  So bottom_p_or_t is actually porepressure
    function_of = pressure
    fluid_phase = 0

    # The bottomhole pressure
    bottom_p_or_t = 0

    # In this example there is no increase of the wellbore pressure
    # due to gravity:
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'

    # PeacemanBoreholes should almost always have use_mobility = true
    use_mobility = true

    # This is a production wellbore (a sink of fluid that removes fluid from porespace)
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []
  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bh02
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_03.i)

# 1-phase hysteresis.  Saturation calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = exponential
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 10
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - 2 * x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - 2 * x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.1
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 7.0
    low_extension_type = exponential
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [saturation]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [saturation]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [sat]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.5 0 0'
    end_point = '9.5 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'saturation pp'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/10.i)

# Unsaturated Darcy-Richards flow without using an Action
[Mesh]
  [annular]
    type = AnnularMeshGenerator
    nr = 10
    rmin = 1.0
    rmax = 10
    growth_r = 1.4
    nt = 4
    dmin = 0
    dmax = 90
  []
  [make3D]
    input = annular
    type = MeshExtruderGenerator
    extrusion_vector = '0 0 12'
    num_layers = 3
    bottom_sideset = 'bottom'
    top_sideset = 'top'
  []
  [shift_down]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '0 0 -6'
    input = make3D
  []
  [aquifer]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -2'
    top_right = '10 10 2'
    input = shift_down
  []
  [injection_area]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x*x+y*y<1.01'
    included_subdomain_ids = 1
    new_sideset_name = 'injection_area'
    input = 'aquifer'
  []
  [rename]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    old_block_id = '0 1'
    new_block_name = 'caps aquifer'
    input = 'injection_area'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pp
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1E-6
    m = 0.6
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [time_derivative]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat
    property = saturation
  []
[]


[BCs]
  [production]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pp
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1E-2
    use_relperm = true
    boundary = injection_area
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      viscosity = 1.0E-3
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability_aquifer]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = aquifer
    permeability = '1E-14 0 0   0 1E-14 0   0 0 1E-14'
  []
  [permeability_caps]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = caps
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0   0 1E-15 0   0 0 1E-16'
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 293
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1E6
  dt = 1E5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-7
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02g.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<=saturation<=1 (note the less-than-or-equal-to).
# 2phase (PS), 2components, Brooks-Corey capillary pressure, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity,
# constant permeability, Brooks-Corey relative permeabilities with residual saturation

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ny = 10
  ymax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -10 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1.5e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relpermwater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relpermgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = swater
  []
  [relpermwater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_relative_permeability_qp
    index = 0
    variable = relpermwater
  []
  [relpermgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = relpermgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    lambda = 2
    pe = 1e4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      viscosity = 1e-5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11 0  0 0 1e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    lambda = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.25
    sum_s_res = 0.35
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    lambda = 2
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.35
    nw_phase = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_stol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-13 15'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 5e3
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = grav02g
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  csv = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh03.i)

# fully-saturated
# injection
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    variable = pp
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    point_file = bh03.bh
    function_of = pressure
    fluid_phase = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = 1E7
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    use_mobility = true
    character = -1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bh03
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem11.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with three primary variables and four reactions
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [c]
    initial_condition = 0.15
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [eqm_k2]
    initial_condition = -0.2
  []
  [eqm_k3]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [ini_sec_conc0]
    initial_condition = 0.02
  []
  [ini_sec_conc1]
    initial_condition = 0.04
  []
  [ini_sec_conc2]
    initial_condition = 0.06
  []
  [ini_sec_conc3]
    initial_condition = 0.08
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = '1E10 2E10 3E10 4E10'
    stoichiometry = '1 1 2 0.1'
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = '1.1E10 2.2E10 3.3E10 4.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '2 2 0.1 0.5'
  []
  [c]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = c
    mineral_density = '0.1E10 0.2E10 0.3E10 0.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '3 3 0.1 1'
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b c temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 4
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 4
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b c'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b c'
    num_reactions = 4
    equilibrium_constants_as_log10 = true
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1 eqm_k2 eqm_k3'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8 0.9'
    reactions = '1 2 3
                 1 -2 -3
                 2 0.1 0.1
                 0.1 0.5 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '-44.4E-2 22.1E-2 32.1E-1 -50E-2'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '0.678 0.999 1.23 0.3'
    activation_energy = '4.4 3.3 4.5 4.0'
    molar_volume = '3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6'
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = '1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9'
    eta_exponent = '1.2 1.01 1.1 1.2'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1 ini_sec_conc2 ini_sec_conc3'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection2.i)

# Basic advection with 1 porepressure as a PorousFlow variable
# Fully saturated
# Constant permeability
# Constant viscosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_P]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = P
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.6
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except08.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
    at_nodes = false # Needed to force expected error
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_mobility = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except3.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of mass-fractions

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/desorped_mass_vol_exp01.i)

# Tests the PorousFlowDesorpedMassVolumetricExpansion kernel
# Fluid with constant bulk modulus, van-Genuchten capillary, HM porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
  [conc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [p]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [conc]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0
    max = 1
    variable = conc
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 2
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [conc_in_poro]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassVolumetricExpansion
    conc_var = conc
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [conc]
    type = PorousFlowDesorpedMassVolumetricExpansion
    conc_var = conc
    variable = conc
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z conc'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = jacobian2
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_jac.i)

# Test of derivatives computed in PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '-1 0 0'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid_0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid_1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      viscosity = 3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux02_fully_saturated.i)

# Using PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
# 1phase, 3components, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, constant viscosity, nonzero gravity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -0.7+x+y
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux0_nodensity]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
  [flux1_nodensity]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
  [flux2_nodensity]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  num_steps = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_04.i)

# Checking the Jacobian of Flux-Limited TVD Advection, 1 phase, 1 component, unsaturated, using flux_limiter_type != none
# This is quite a heavy test, but we need a fairly big mesh to check the flux-limiting+TVD is happening correctly
#
# Here we use snes_check_jacobian instead of snes_type=test.  The former just checks the Jacobian for the
# random initial conditions, while the latter checks for u=1 and u=-1
#
# The Jacobian is correct for u=1 and u=-1, but the finite-difference scheme used by snes_type=test gives the
# wrong answer.
# For u=constant, the Kuzmin-Turek scheme adds as much antidiffusion as possible, resulting in a central-difference
# version of advection (flux_limiter = 1).  This is correct, and the Jacobian is calculated correctly.
# However, when computing the Jacobian using finite differences, u is increased or decreased at a node.
# This results in that node being at a maximum or minimum, which means no antidiffusion should be added
# (flux_limiter = 0).  This corresponds to a full-upwind scheme.  So the finite-difference computes the
# Jacobian in the full-upwind scenario, which is incorrect (the original residual = 0, after finite-differencing
# the residual comes from the full-upwind scenario).
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 4
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 2
  bias_y = 1.5
  nz = 4
  zmin = 1
  zmax = 2
  bias_z = 0.8
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1 2 -0.5'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]


[ICs]
  [pp]
    variable = pp
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = pp
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.4
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.5
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturated
    flux_limiter_type = minmod
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.21 0 0  0 1.5 0  0 0 0.8'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear # this is to force convergence even though the nonlinear residual is high: we just care about the Jacobian in this test
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_liquid.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowWaterNCG
# for conditions that give a single liquid phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 6e6
    max = 8e6
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.05
    variable = z
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e4
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection3.i)

# Basic advection with 1 porepressure as a PorousFlow variable
# Constant permeability
# Constant viscosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_P]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = P
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.6
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/thm_example/2D_c.i)

# Two phase, temperature-dependent, with mechanics and chemistry, radial with fine mesh, constant injection of cold co2 into a overburden-reservoir-underburden containing mostly water
# species=0 is water
# species=1 is co2
# phase=0 is liquid, and since massfrac_ph0_sp0 = 1, this is all water
# phase=1 is gas, and since massfrac_ph1_sp0 = 0, this is all co2
#
# The mesh used below has very high resolution, so the simulation takes a long time to complete.
# Some suggested meshes of different resolution:
# nx=50, bias_x=1.2
# nx=100, bias_x=1.1
# nx=200, bias_x=1.05
# nx=400, bias_x=1.02
# nx=1000, bias_x=1.01
# nx=2000, bias_x=1.003
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2000
  bias_x = 1.003
  xmin = 0.1
  xmax = 5000
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 11
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_r disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  biot_coefficient = 1.0
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 18.3e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 358
  []
  [disp_r]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [rate]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1 # all H20 in phase=0
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0 # no H2O in phase=1
  []
  [pgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [stress_rr]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_tt]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mineral_conc_m3_per_m3]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [eqm_const]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_water_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux_water]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass_co2_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux_co2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = sgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowExponentialDecay
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = temp
    reference = 358
    rate = rate
  []
  [grad_stress_r]
    type = StressDivergenceRZTensors
    temperature = temp
    eigenstrain_names = thermal_contribution
    variable = disp_r
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_r]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_r
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [rate]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = rate
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    function = decay_rate
  []
  [pgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = pgas
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = swater
  []
  [stress_rr]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_rr
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_tt]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_tt
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral_conc_m3_per_m3
  []
  [eqm_const_auxk]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = eqm_const
    args = temp
    function = '(358 - temp) / (358 - 294)'
  []
  [porosity_auxk]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [decay_rate]
# Eqn(26) of the first paper of LaForce et al.
# Ka * (rho C)_a = 10056886.914
# h = 11
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'sqrt(10056886.914/t)/11.0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pwater sgas disp_r'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.27e14
      density0 = 970.0
      viscosity = 0.3394e-3
      cv = 4149.0
      cp = 4149.0
      porepressure_coefficient = 0.0
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [co2]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.27e14
      density0 = 516.48
      viscosity = 0.0393e-3
      cv = 2920.5
      cp = 2920.5
      porepressure_coefficient = 0.0
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = water
    phase = 0
  []
  [gas]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = co2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.2
    chemical = true
    reference_chemistry = 0.1
    initial_mineral_concentrations = 0.1
  []
  [permeability_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '2e-12 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.200
    sum_s_res = 0.405
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.205
    sum_s_res = 0.405
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
  []
  [thermal_conductivity_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0 0 0  0 1.320 0  0 0 0'
    wet_thermal_conductivity = '0 0 0  0 3.083 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [internal_energy_reservoir]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1100
    density = 2350.0
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    shear_modulus = 6.0E9
    poissons_ratio = 0.2
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeAxisymmetricRZSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = 'thermal_contribution ini_stress'
  []
  [ini_strain]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = '-12.8E6 0 0  0 -51.3E6 0  0 0 -12.8E6'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  []
  [thermal_contribution]
    type = ComputeThermalExpansionEigenstrain
    temperature = temp
    stress_free_temperature = 358
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 5E-6
    eigenstrain_name = thermal_contribution
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    num_reactions = 1
    primary_concentrations = 1.0 # fixed activity
    equilibrium_constants_as_log10 = true
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_const
    primary_activity_coefficients = 1.0 # fixed activity
    reactions = 1
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1E-6
    molar_volume = 1.0
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    activation_energy = 0.0 # no Arrhenius
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 0.1
  []
  [predis_nodes]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    at_nodes = true
    num_reactions = 1
    primary_concentrations = 1.0 # fixed activity
    equilibrium_constants_as_log10 = true
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_const
    primary_activity_coefficients = 1.0 # fixed activity
    reactions = 1
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1E-6
    molar_volume = 1.0
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    activation_energy = 0.0 # no Arrhenius
  []
  [mineral_conc_nodes]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    at_nodes = true
    initial_concentrations = 0.1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [outer_pressure_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 18.3e6
    variable = pwater
  []
  [outer_saturation_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0.0
    variable = sgas
  []
  [outer_temp_fixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 358
    variable = temp
  []
  [fixed_outer_r]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_r
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [co2_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = sgas
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 1
    flux_function = 'min(t/100.0,1)*(-2.294001475)' # 5.0E5 T/year = 15.855 kg/s, over area of 2Pi*0.1*11
  []
  [cold_co2]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = temp
    value = 294
  []
  [cavity_pressure_x]
    type = Pressure
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_r
    component = 0
    postprocessor = p_bh # note, this lags
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p_bh]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pwater
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [mineral_bh] # mineral concentration (m^3(mineral)/m^3(rock)) at the borehole
    type = PointValue
    variable = mineral_conc_m3_per_m3
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [ptsuss]
    type = LineValueSampler
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    start_point = '0.1 0 0'
    end_point = '5000 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 50000
    outputs = csv
    variable = 'pwater temp sgas disp_r stress_rr stress_tt mineral_conc_m3_per_m3 porosity'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = 'smp'
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E2       1E-5        50'
  []
  [mumps]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package -pc_factor_shift_type -snes_rtol -snes_atol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      lu       mumps                         NONZERO               1E-5       1E2       50'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1.5768e8
  #dtmax = 1e6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    growth_factor = 1.1
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  sync_times = '3600 86400 2.592E6 1.5768E8'
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcond02.i)

# 2phase heat conduction
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas temp pwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '1.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 2.2 0 0.3 0 3.3'
    wet_thermal_conductivity = '2.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 0 0.3 0 1.1'
    exponent = 1.7
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_equilibrium_2phase.i)

# Using a two-phase system (see 2species_equilibrium for the single-phase)
# The saturations, porosity, mass fractions, tortuosity and diffusion coefficients are chosen so that the results are identical to 2species_equilibrium
#
# PorousFlow analogy of chemical_reactions/test/tests/aqueous_equilibrium/2species.i
#
# Simple equilibrium reaction example to illustrate the use of PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
#
# In this example, two primary species a and b are transported by diffusion and convection
# from the left of the porous medium, reacting to form two equilibrium species pa2 and pab
# according to the equilibrium reaction:
#
#      reactions = '2a = pa2     rate = 10^2
#                   a + b = pab  rate = 10^-2'
#

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 10
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    [InitialCondition]
      type = BoundingBoxIC
      x1 = 0.0
      y1 = 0.0
      x2 = 1.0e-10
      y2 = 1
      inside = 1.0e-2
      outside = 1.0e-10
    []
  []
  [b]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    [InitialCondition]
      type = BoundingBoxIC
      x1 = 0.0
      y1 = 0.0
      x2 = 1.0e-10
      y2 = 1
      inside = 1.0e-2
      outside = 1.0e-10
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure0]
  []
  [saturation1]
    initial_condition = 0.25
  []
  [a_in_phase0]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [b_in_phase0]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [pa2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pab]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pa2]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = secondary_concentration
    secondary_species = 0
    variable = pa2
  []
  [pab]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = secondary_concentration
    secondary_species = 1
    variable = pab
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure0]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure0
    function = 2-x
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [flux_a]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [diff_a]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
    disp_trans = '0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
  []
  [mass_b]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = b
  []
  [flux_b]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [diff_b]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
    disp_trans = '0 0'
    disp_long = '0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pressure0
    phase1_saturation = saturation1
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a_in_phase0 b_in_phase0 a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.8
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    # porous_flow permeability / porous_flow viscosity = chemical_reactions conductivity = 1E-4
    permeability = '1E-7 0 0 0 1E-7 0 0 0 1E-7'
  []
  [relp0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [relp1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    # porous_flow diffusion_coeff * tortuousity * porosity = chemical_reactions diffusivity = 1E-4
    diffusion_coeff = '5E-4 5E-4 5E-4
                       5E-4 5E-4 5E-4'
    tortuosity = '0.25 0.25'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [a_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = a
    boundary = left
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
  [b_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = b
    boundary = left
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 10
  end_time = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D_trimesh.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, mploying PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 2D version
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = trimesh.msh
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  block = '50'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.305,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0.04 0'
    num_points = 101
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/1phase_3rd.i)

# Simple example of a 1-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure that involves a 3rd-order curve.  Water is removed, added, removed and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat
    property = saturation
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 9, -10, if(t <= 16, 10, if(t <= 22, -10, 10)))'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat
  []
  [pp]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 30.5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink01.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole with 2-phase, 3-components, with enthalpy, internal_energy, and thermal_conductivity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
  [dummy_outflow0]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow1]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow2]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow3]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow4]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow5]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow6]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow7]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
      cv = 1.8
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.1 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.3'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [dirac0]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = one_point.bh
    line_length = 1
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow0
    character = 1
    bottom_p_or_t = -10
    unit_weight = '1 2 3'
    re_constant = 0.123
  []
  [dirac1]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
    line_length = 1
    line_direction = '-1 -1 -1'
    use_relative_permeability = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow1
    character = -0.5
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '1 2 -3'
    re_constant = 0.3
  []
  [dirac2]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    line_length = 1.3
    line_direction = '1 0 1'
    use_mobility = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow2
    character = 0.6
    bottom_p_or_t = -4
    unit_weight = '-1 -2 -3'
    re_constant = 0.4
  []
  [dirac3]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    line_length = 1.3
    line_direction = '1 1 1'
    use_enthalpy = true
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow3
    character = -1
    bottom_p_or_t = 3
    unit_weight = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
    re_constant = 0.5
  []
  [dirac4]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    function_of = temperature
    line_length = 0.9
    line_direction = '1 1 1'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow4
    character = 1.1
    bottom_p_or_t = -7
    unit_weight = '-1 2 3'
    re_constant = 0.6
  []
  [dirac5]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = temp
    line_length = 0.9
    function_of = temperature
    line_direction = '1 2 3'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow5
    character = 0.9
    bottom_p_or_t = -8
    unit_weight = '1 2 1'
    re_constant = 0.7
  []
  [dirac6]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow6
    character = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '0.0 0.0 0.0'
  []
  [dirac7]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    use_mobility = true
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow7
    character = -1
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = line_sink01
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/eff_stress02.i)

# 2phase (PS)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [sgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [sgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad0]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [grad1]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 10
    sat_lr = 0.01
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_twophase.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowWaterNCG
# for conditions for two phases

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1e5
    max = 5e5
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.06
    variable = z
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e1
    pc_max = 1e4
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_hightemp.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties in PorousFlowBrineCO2 in the elevated
# temperature regime (T > 110C)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  temperature = 250
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [z]
     initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_water
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
  perf_graph = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls03.i)

# Test that the upwinding works correctly.
#
# A poly-line sink sits at the centre of the element.
# It has length=4 and weight=0.5, and extracts fluid
# at a constant rate of
# (1 * relative_permeability) kg.m^-1.s^-1
# Since it sits at the centre of the element, it extracts
# equally from each node, so the rate of extraction from
# each node is
# (0.5 * relative_permeability) kg.s^-1
# including the length and weight effects.
#
# There is no fluid flow.
#
# The initial conditions are such that all nodes have
# relative_permeability=0, except for one which has
# relative_permeaility = 1.  Therefore, all nodes should
# remain at their initial porepressure, except the one.
#
# The porosity is 0.1, and the elemental volume is 2,
# so the fluid mass at the node in question = 0.2 * density / 4,
# where the 4 is the number of nodes in the element.
# In this simulation density = dens0 * exp(P / bulk), with
# dens0 = 100, and bulk = 20 MPa.
# The initial porepressure P0 = 10 MPa, so the final (after
# 1 second of simulation) is
# P(t=1) = 8.748592 MPa
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 2
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    #function = if((x<1)&(y<0.5),1E7,-1E7)
    function = if((x<1)&(y>0.5),1E7,-1E7)
    #function = if((x>1)&(y<0.5),1E7,-1E7)
    #function = if((x>1)&(y>0.5),1E7,-1E7)
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pls_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 100
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    phase = 0
    m = 2
    s_res = 0.99
    sum_s_res = 0.99
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pls]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = pls03.bh
    use_relative_permeability = true
    line_length = 4
    SumQuantityUO = pls_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    p_or_t_vals = '0 1E7'
    fluxes = '1 1'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pls_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = pls_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 1 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p20]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '2 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [p21]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '2 1 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 pls_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  dt = 1
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls03
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem02.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Precipitation with temperature
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.6
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.4
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '2.5 3.8'
    reactions = '1.1 1.2'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_fully_saturated.i)

# Mandel's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
# Using the FullySaturatedDarcyBase and FullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative kernels
# Note the use of consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false in the calculation of volumetric strain
#
# A sample is in plane strain.
# -a <= x <= a
# -b <= y <= b
# It is squashed with constant force by impermeable, frictionless plattens on its top and bottom surfaces (at y=+/-b)
# Fluid is allowed to leak out from its sides (at x=+/-a)
# The porepressure within the sample is monitored.
#
# As is common in the literature, this is simulated by
# considering the quarter-sample, 0<=x<=a and 0<=y<=b, with
# impermeable, roller BCs at x=0 and y=0 and y=b.
# Porepressure is fixed at zero on x=a.
# Porepressure and displacement are initialised to zero.
# Then the top (y=b) is moved downwards with prescribed velocity,
# so that the total force that is inducing this downwards velocity
# is fixed.  The velocity is worked out by solving Mandel's problem
# analytically, and the total force is monitored in the simulation
# to check that it indeed remains constant.
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil width.  a = 1
# Soil height.  b = 0.1
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 0.5
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = G = 0.75
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 1
# Drained Poisson ratio.  nu = (3K - 2G)/(6K + 2G) = 0.2
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 1
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Biot modulus.  M = 1/(phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K) = 4.705882
# Undrained bulk modulus. Ku = K + alpha^2*M = 2.694118
# Undrained Poisson ratio.  nuu = (3Ku - 2G)/(6Ku + 2G) = 0.372627
# Skempton coefficient.  B = alpha*M/Ku = 1.048035
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = 2*k*B^2*G*(1-nu)*(1+nuu)^2/9/(1-nuu)/(nuu-nu) = 3.821656
# Normal stress on top.  F = 1
#
# The solution for porepressure and displacements is given in
# AHD Cheng and E Detournay "A direct boundary element method for plane strain poroelasticity" International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 12 (1988) 551-572.
# The solution involves complicated infinite series, so I shall not write it here

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 10
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [roller_xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [roller_ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [plane_strain]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
  [xmax_drained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    function = top_velocity
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [top_velocity]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.002 0.006   0.014   0.03    0.046   0.062   0.078   0.094   0.11    0.126   0.142   0.158   0.174   0.19 0.206 0.222 0.238 0.254 0.27 0.286 0.302 0.318 0.334 0.35 0.366 0.382 0.398 0.414 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494 0.51 0.526 0.542 0.558 0.574 0.59 0.606 0.622 0.638 0.654 0.67 0.686 0.702'
    y = '-0.041824842    -0.042730269    -0.043412712    -0.04428867     -0.045509181    -0.04645965     -0.047268246 -0.047974749      -0.048597109     -0.0491467  -0.049632388     -0.050061697      -0.050441198     -0.050776675     -0.051073238      -0.0513354 -0.051567152      -0.051772022     -0.051953128 -0.052113227 -0.052254754 -0.052379865 -0.052490464 -0.052588233 -0.052674662 -0.052751065 -0.052818606 -0.052878312 -0.052931093 -0.052977751 -0.053018997 -0.053055459 -0.053087691 -0.053116185 -0.053141373 -0.05316364 -0.053183324 -0.053200724 -0.053216106 -0.053229704 -0.053241725 -0.053252351 -0.053261745 -0.053270049 -0.053277389 -0.053283879 -0.053289615'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [tot_force]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [tot_force]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'stress_yy porepressure'
    execute_on = timestep_end
    variable = tot_force
    function = '-stress_yy+0.6*porepressure'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    coupling_type = HydroMechanical
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure_qp]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst # only the initial value of this is ever used
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk_compliance = 1
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 8
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.2 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.3 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.4 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.6 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.7 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.8 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.9 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [xdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [ydisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [total_downwards_force]
     type = ElementAverageValue
     outputs = csv
     variable = tot_force
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.15*t<0.01,0.15*t,0.01)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 0.7
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mandel_fully_saturated
  [csv]
    interval = 3
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02f.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<=saturation<=1 (note the less-than-or-equal-to).
# 2phase (PS), 2components, van Genuchten capillary pressure, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity,
# constant permeability, Corey relative permeabilities with residual saturation

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ny = 10
  ymax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -10 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1.5e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relpermwater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relpermgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = swater
  []
  [relpermwater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_relative_permeability_qp
    index = 0
    variable = relpermwater
  []
  [relpermgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = relpermgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-4
    pc_max = 2e5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      viscosity = 1e-5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11 0  0 0 1e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.25
    sum_s_res = 0.35
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.35
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_stol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-13 15'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e4
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = grav02f
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  csv = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/unity.i)

# Test perfectly mobile relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/wli02.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 50
  ny = 1
  xmin = -1000
  xmax = 0
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    C = 1.5
    las = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 4
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    Kn = 0
    Ks = 1
    C = 1.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = -1E-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [base]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    value = -1E-4
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '-1000 0 0'
    end_point = '0 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 71
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 100
  dt = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = wli02
  sync_times = '100 500 1000'
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/relperm_jac.i)

# Test of derivatives computed in PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeability classes along zeroth-order curve
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '-1 0 0'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid_0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid_1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      viscosity = 3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityGas
    phase = 1
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    gamma = 0.33
    k_rg_max = 0.8
    gas_low_extension_type = linear_like
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except14.i)

# fully-saturated
# production
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02_huge.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except6.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of primary activity constants

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro05.i)

# Testing permeability from porosity
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropic * k
# with ln k = A * phi + B

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityExponential
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = ln_k
    A = 10.0
    B = -18.420681
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except15.i)

# fully-saturated
# production
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_dy.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Time unit is chosen to be days
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 300 K  (temperature unit = K)
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 1.27E-8 Pa.dy
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10E6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    time_unit = days
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_brineco2_nonisothermal.i)

# Two phase nonisothermal Theis problem: Flow from single source.
# Constant rate injection 2 kg/s of cold CO2 into warm reservoir
# 1D cylindrical mesh
# Initially, system has only a liquid phase, until enough gas is injected
# to form a gas phase, in which case the system becomes two phase.

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 40
    xmin = 0.1
    xmax = 200
    bias_x = 1.05
  []
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 70
    scaling = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = xnacl
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = xnacl
  []
  [energy]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heatadv]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi xnacl temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [rockheat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1000
    density = 2500
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '50 0 0  0 50 0  0 0 50'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [cold_gas]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = temperature
    value = 20
  []
  [gas_injecton]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = zi
    flux_function = -0.159155
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
  []
  [righttemp]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 70
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e4
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    growth_factor = 1.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = pgas
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '2 0 0'
    variable = zi
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PointValue
    point = '2 0 0'
    variable = temperature
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = x1
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = y0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm.i)

# Assign porosity and permeability variables from constant AuxVariables to create
# a heterogeneous model

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 3
  ny = 3
  nz = 3
  xmax = 3
  ymax = 3
  zmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 -10'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1.5e6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [poromat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poromat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poromat
  []
  [permxxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxxmat
    column = 0
    row = 0
  []
  [permxymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxymat
    column = 1
    row = 0
  []
  [permxzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxzmat
    column = 2
    row = 0
  []
  [permyxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyxmat
    column = 0
    row = 1
  []
  [permyymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyymat
    column = 1
    row = 1
  []
  [permyzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyzmat
    column = 2
    row = 1
  []
  [permzxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzxmat
    column = 0
    row = 2
  []
  [permzymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzymat
    column = 1
    row = 2
  []
  [permzzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzzmat
    column = 2
    row = 2
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [poro]
    type = RandomIC
    seed = 0
    variable = poro
    max = 0.5
    min = 0.1
  []
  [permx]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permx
    variable = permxx
  []
  [permy]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permy
    variable = permyy
  []
  [permz]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = permz
    variable = permzz
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [permx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(1+x)*1e-11'
  []
  [permy]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(1+y)*1e-11'
  []
  [permz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = '(1+z)*1e-11'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = ppwater
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = poro
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = permxx
    perm_yy = permyy
    perm_zz = permzz
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 100
  dt = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/reservoir_model/field_model.i)

# Field model generated using geophysical modelling tool

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = field.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 -9.81'
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = poro
  []
  [permx_md]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permX
  []
  [permy_md]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permY
  []
  [permz_md]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permZ
  []
  [permx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [permx]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = permx
    args = permx_md
    function = '9.869233e-16*permx_md'
    execute_on = initial
  []
  [permy]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = permy
    args = permy_md
    function = '9.869233e-16*permy_md'
    execute_on = initial
  []
  [permz]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = permz
    args = permz_md
    function = '9.869233e-16*permz_md'
    execute_on = initial
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = porepressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [watertab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = water
      save_file = false
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ps]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    xnacl = xnacl
    phase = 0
    water_fp = watertab
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = porosity
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = permx
    perm_yy = permy
    perm_zz = permz
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e2
  end_time = 1e2
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/coarse.i)

# Flow and solute transport along a fracture embedded in a porous matrix
# The fracture is represented by lower dimensional elements
# fracture aperture = 6e-4m
# fracture porosity = 6e-4m = phi * a
# fracture permeability = 1.8e-11 which is based on k=3e-8 from a**2/12, and k*a = 3e-8*6e-4
# matrix porosity = 0.1
# matrix permeanility = 1e-20

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = 'coarse.e'
  block_id = '1 2 3'
  block_name = 'fracture matrix1 matrix2'

  boundary_id = '1 2'
  boundary_name = 'bottom top'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity_x]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [velocity_y]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    block = 'fracture'
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_x
    component = x
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
  [velocity_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = velocity_y
    component = y
    aperture = 6E-4
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
  [pp_matrix]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1E6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = top
  []
  [bottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = bottom
  []
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  top
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1.002e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 6e-4   # = a * phif
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [poro_matrix]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 1.0
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [diff2]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-9 1e-9'
    tortuosity = 0.1
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [permeability_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11'   # 1.8e-11 = a * kf
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [permeability_matrix]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1

# controls for nonlinear iterations
  nl_max_its = 15
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-14
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12

[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '-0.5 0 0'
    end_point = '0.5 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 41
    variable = massfrac0
    outputs = csv
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/esbc01.i)

# Tests the Jacobian of PorousFlowEnthalpySink when pore pressure is specified

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  at_nodes = true
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = IdealGasFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = PorousFlowEnthalpySink
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    fluid_phase = 0
    T_in = 300
    fp = simple_fluid
    flux_function = -23
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  num_steps = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12

  petsc_options_iname = '-snes_test_err'
  petsc_options_value = '1e-2'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass10_nodens.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, HM porosity, 1component, unsaturated
# multiply_by_density = false
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    strain_at_nearest_qp = true
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
    strain_at_nearest_qp = true
  []
  [nearest_qp]
    type = PorousFlowNearestQp
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/phe01.i)

# Capped weak-plane plasticity, Kernel = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temperature
    min = 0.1
    max = 0.2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [phe]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    variable = temperature
  []
  [dummy_disp_x]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    coeff = -1.3
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_disp_y]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    coeff = 1.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_disp_z]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    coeff = 0.2
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temperature disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
  [coh]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1
    value_residual = 2
    rate = 1
  []
  [tanphi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0
    value_residual = 0.5
    rate = 2
  []
  [tanpsi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 0.1
    value_residual = 0.05
    rate = 3
  []
  [t_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 100
    rate = 1
  []
  [c_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 1
    value_residual = 0
    internal_0 = -2
    internal_limit = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    thermal = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.3
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 1.3
  []
  [volstrain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [phe]
    type = ComputePlasticHeatEnergy
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    lambda = 1.0
    shear_modulus = 2.0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeIncrementalSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    initial_stress = '0 0 0  0 0 1  0 1 -1.5'
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
  []
  [admissible]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
    inelastic_models = mc
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneStressUpdate
    cohesion = coh
    tan_friction_angle = tanphi
    tan_dilation_angle = tanpsi
    tensile_strength = t_strength
    compressive_strength = c_strength
    max_NR_iterations = 20
    tip_smoother = 0
    smoothing_tol = 1
    yield_function_tol = 1E-10
    perfect_guess = false
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_steady.i)

# Using a mixed-dimensional mesh
# Steady-state porepressure distribution along a fracture in a porous matrix
# This is used to initialise the transient solute-transport simulation
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  # The gold mesh is used to reduce the number of large files in the MOOSE repository.
  # The porepressure is not read from the gold mesh
  file = 'gold/fine_steady_out.e'
  block_id = '1 2 3'
  block_name = 'fracture matrix1 matrix2'

  boundary_id = '1 2'
  boundary_name = 'bottom top'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  top
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1.002e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability1]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11' # kf=3e-8, a=6e-4m.  1.8e-11 = kf * a
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [permeability2]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON

  # controls for nonlinear iterations
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-14
[]


[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except15.i)

# Exception test
# Incorrect number of secondary densities
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = '1 1'
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 1
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/shear01.i)

# Tensile heating, using capped weak-plane plasticity
# x_disp(z=1) = t
# totalstrain_xz = t
# with C_ijkl = 0.5 0.25
# stress_zx = stress_xz = 0.25*t, so q=0.25*t, but
# with cohesion=1 and tan(phi)=1: max(q)=1.  With tan(psi)=0,
# the plastic return is always to (p, q) = (0, 1),
# so plasticstrain_zx = max(t - 4, 0)
# heat_energy_rate = coeff * (t - 4) for t>4
# Heat capacity of rock = specific_heat_cap * density = 4
# So temperature of rock should be:
# (1 - porosity) * 4 * T = (1 - porosity) * coeff * (t - 4)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -10
  xmax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [phe]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    variable = temperature
    coeff = 8
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = disp_x
    function = 'z*t'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = temperature
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
  [coh]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1
  []
  [tanphi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1.0
  []
  [tanpsi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.0
  []
  [t_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 10
  []
  [c_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 10
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [rock_internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2
    density = 2
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.7
  []
  [phe]
    type = ComputePlasticHeatEnergy
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.25'
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeIncrementalSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [admissible]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
    inelastic_models = mc
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneStressUpdate
    cohesion = coh
    tan_friction_angle = tanphi
    tan_dilation_angle = tanpsi
    tensile_strength = t_strength
    compressive_strength = c_strength
    tip_smoother = 0
    smoothing_tol = 1
    yield_function_tol = 1E-10
    perfect_guess = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [temp]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = shear01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity.i)

# checking that the PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent AuxKernel works as expected
# for the fully-saturated case (relative-permeability = 1)
# There is one element, of unit size.  The pressures and fluid densities at the qps are:
# (x,y,z)=( 0.211325 , 0.211325 , 0.211325 ).  p = 1.479   rho = 3.217
# (x,y,z)=( 0.788675 , 0.211325 , 0.211325 ).  p = 2.057   rho = 4.728
# (x,y,z)=( 0.211325 , 0.788675 , 0.211325 ).  p = 2.634   rho = 6.947
# (x,y,z)=( 0.788675 , 0.788675 , 0.211325 ).  p = 3.211   rho = 10.208
# (x,y,z)=( 0.211325 , 0.211325 , 0.788675 ).  p = 3.789   rho = 15.001
# (x,y,z)=( 0.788675 , 0.211325 , 0.788675 ).  p = 4.367   rho = 22.043
# (x,y,z)=( 0.211325 , 0.788675 , 0.788675 ).  p = 4.943   rho = 32.392
# (x,y,z)=( 0.788675 , 0.788675 , 0.788675 ).  p = 5.521   rho = 47.599
# Average density = 17.7668
# grad(P) = (1, 2, 4)
# with permeability = diag(1, 2, 3) and gravity = (1, -2, 3) and viscosity = 3.2
# So Darcy velocity = (5.23963, -23.4585, 46.2192)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '1 -2 3'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = x+2*y+4*z
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [vel_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [vel_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = vel_y
    component = y
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [vel_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = vel_z
    component = z
    fluid_phase = 0
 []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      viscosity = 3.2
      density0 = 1.2
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [vel_x]
    type = PointValue
    variable = vel_x
    point = '0.5 0.5 0.5'
  []
  [vel_y]
    type = PointValue
    variable = vel_y
    point = '0.5 0.5 0.5'
  []
  [vel_z]
    type = PointValue
    variable = vel_z
    point = '0.5 0.5 0.5'
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-16
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = darcy_velocity
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_01.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = none
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    low_extension_type = none
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s01.i)

# apply a sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = y+1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
  [xval]
  []
  [yval]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [xval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = xval
    function = x
  []
  [yval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = yval
    function = y
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p00 1.3'
  []
  [mass01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p01 1.3'
  []
  [expected_mass_change00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*perm*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)/visc*area*dt'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt'
    vals = '6   1    1      0  1.3  1  0.5  1E-3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [del_m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change00
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 6
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 1E-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s01
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_constM.i)

# A sample is constrained on all sides, except its top
# and its boundaries are
# also impermeable.  Fluid is pumped into the sample via a
# volumetric source (ie kg/second per cubic meter), and the
# rise in the top surface, porepressure, and stress are observed.
#
# In the standard poromechanics scenario, the Biot Modulus is held
# fixed and the source, s, has units m^3/second/m^3.  Then the expected result
# is
# strain_zz = disp_z = BiotCoefficient*BiotModulus*s*t/((bulk + 4*shear/3) + BiotCoefficient^2*BiotModulus)
# porepressure = BiotModulus*(s*t - BiotCoefficient*strain_zz)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
#
# In porous_flow, however, the source has units kg/second/m^3.  The ratios remain
# fixed:
# stress_xx/strain_zz = (bulk - 2*shear/3) = 1 (for the parameters used here)
# stress_zz/strain_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3) = 4 (for the parameters used here)
# porepressure/strain_zz = 13.3333333 (for the parameters used here)
#
# Expect
# disp_z = 0.3*10*s*t/((2 + 4*1.5/3) + 0.3^2*10) = 0.612245*s*t
# porepressure = 10*(s*t - 0.3*0.612245*s*t) = 8.163265*s*t
# stress_xx = (2 - 2*1.5/3)*0.612245*s*t = 0.612245*s*t
# stress_zz = (2 + 4*shear/3)*0.612245*s*t = 2.44898*s*t
# The relationship between the constant poroelastic source
# s (m^3/second/m^3) and the PorousFlow source, S (kg/second/m^3) is
# S = fluid_density * s = s * exp(porepressure/fluid_bulk)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = '0.1*exp(8.163265306*0.1*t/3.3333333333)'
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityHMBiotModulus
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    solid_bulk = 2
    constant_fluid_bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
    constant_biot_modulus = 10.0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0   0 1 0   0 0 1' # unimportant
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [stress_xx_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_xx zdisp'
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_zz zdisp'
  []
  [p_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'p0 zdisp'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = pp_generation_unconfined_constM
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s03.i)

# apply a sink flux with use_relperm=true and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -y
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
  [xval]
  []
  [yval]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [xval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = xval
    function = x
  []
  [yval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = yval
    function = y
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p00 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [sat00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'pp al m'
    vals = 'p00 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [mass01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p01 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [expected_mass_change00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*pow(pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m),2)*area*dt'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt   al  m'
    vals = '6   0.2  1.1  p00 1.3  1.1  0.5  1E-3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [expected_mass_change01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*pow(pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m),2)*area*dt'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt   al  m'
    vals = '6   0.2  1.1  p01 1.3  1.1  0.5  1E-3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [mass00_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm00_prev  del_m00'
  []
  [mass01_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm01_prev  del_m01'
  []
  [sat01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'pp al m'
    vals = 'p01 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [expected_mass_change_rate]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*pow(pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m),2)*area'
    vars = 'fcn perm dens0 pp bulk visc area dt   al  m'
    vals = '6   0.2  1.1  p00 1.3  1.1  0.5  1E-3 1.1 0.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m00_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change00
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m00_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass00_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m01_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change01
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m01_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass01_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [s00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = sat00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass00_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change_rate
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = true
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 6
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 0.018
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s03
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
    interval = 5
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    interval = 2
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass06.i)

# 1phase with MD_Gaussian (var = log(mass-density) with Gaussian capillary) formulation
# constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 1component
# fully saturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [md]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [md]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0
    max = 1
    variable = md
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = md
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'md'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 0.8
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseMD_Gaussian
    mass_density = md
    al = 1.1
    density_P0 = 0.8
    bulk_modulus = 1.5
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection4.i)

# Basic advection with 1 porepressure and temperature as PorousFlow variables
# Constant permeability
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
  [T]
  []
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P
    min = 2E5
    max = 4E5
  []
  [T]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = T
    min = 300
    max = 900
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_T]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = T
  []
  [dummy_P]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'P T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1E-5
    m = 0.6
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [methane]
      type = MethaneFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = methane
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux01_fully_saturated.i)

# 1phase, 3components, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, nonzero gravity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -0.7+x+y
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass_vol_exp01.i)

# Tests the PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion kernel
# Fluid with constant bulk modulus, van-Genuchten capillary, constant porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [p]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 2
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [simple1]
    type = TensorMechanicsPlasticSimpleTester
    a = 0
    b = 1
    strength = 1E20
    yield_function_tolerance = 1.0E-9
    internal_constraint_tolerance = 1.0E-9
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = jacobian2
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/jacobian_03.i)

# Checking the Jacobian of Flux-Limited TVD Advection, 2 phases, 2 components, using flux_limiter_type = None
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 2
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 2
  bias_y = 1.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1 2 -0.5'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]


[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux_ph0_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppwater
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp0
  []
  [flux_ph0_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppgas
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp1
  []
  [flux_ph1_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp0
  []
  [flux_ph1_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.5
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph0_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_ph1_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = None
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.21 0 0  0 1.5 0  0 0 0.8'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
  num_steps = 1
  dt = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_fully_saturated.i)

# 1phase, heat advecting with a moving fluid
# Using the FullySaturated Kernel
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 50
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1-x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [spit_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 300
  []
  [suck_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [advection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = pp
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [convection]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedHeatAdvection
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 100
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 4.4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 0.6
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [T]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 51
    sort_by = x
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = heat_advection_1d_fully_saturated
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hgs01.i)

# apply a half-gaussian sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 2
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowHalfGaussianSink
    boundary = 'left'
    center = 0.1
    sd = 1.1
    max = 2.2
    variable = ppwater
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowHalfGaussianSink
    boundary = 'top left front'
    center = 0.5
    sd = 1.1
    max = -2.2
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    variable = ppgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowHalfGaussianSink
    boundary = 'right'
    center = -0.1
    sd = 1.1
    max = 1.2
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-1.1*x*y'
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowHalfGaussianSink
    boundary = 'bottom'
    center = 3.2
    sd = 1.1
    max = 1.2
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls03
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy04.i)

# 2phase, 1 component, with solid displacements, time derivative of energy-density, THM porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas temp pwater disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 0.7
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.7
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.7
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/1phase.i)

# Basic advection of u in a 1-phase situation
#
# grad(P) = -2
# density * gravity = 4 * 0.25
# grad(P) - density * gravity = -3
# permeability = 5
# viscosity = 150
# so Darcy velocity = 0.1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P
    function = '2*(1-x)'
  []
  [u]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = u
    function = 'if(x<0.1,1,0)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_dot]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = ''
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [darcy_velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 1
    variable = u
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except02.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/squarepulse1.i)

# Test PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource DiracKernel

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  bias_x = 1.1
  bias_y = 1.1
  ymax = 1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pp
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
  dt = 200
  end_time = 2000
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  file_base = squarepulse1
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  [con]
    output_linear = true
    type = Console
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [PressureIC]
    variable = pp
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 20e6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [sink1]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    start_time = 100
    end_time = 300
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    mass_flux = -0.1
    variable = pp
  []
  [sink]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    start_time = 600
    end_time = 1400
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    mass_flux = -0.1
    variable = pp
  []
  [source]
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    start_time = 1500
    mass_flux = 0.2
    end_time = 2000
    variable = pp
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/mandel_constM.i)

# Mandel's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
#
# A sample is in plane strain.
# -a <= x <= a
# -b <= y <= b
# It is squashed with constant force by impermeable, frictionless plattens on its top and bottom surfaces (at y=+/-b)
# Fluid is allowed to leak out from its sides (at x=+/-a)
# The porepressure within the sample is monitored.
#
# As is common in the literature, this is simulated by
# considering the quarter-sample, 0<=x<=a and 0<=y<=b, with
# impermeable, roller BCs at x=0 and y=0 and y=b.
# Porepressure is fixed at zero on x=a.
# Porepressure and displacement are initialised to zero.
# Then the top (y=b) is moved downwards with prescribed velocity,
# so that the total force that is inducing this downwards velocity
# is fixed.  The velocity is worked out by solving Mandel's problem
# analytically, and the total force is monitored in the simulation
# to check that it indeed remains constant.
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil width.  a = 1
# Soil height.  b = 0.1
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 0.5
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = G = 0.75
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 1
# Drained Poisson ratio.  nu = (3K - 2G)/(6K + 2G) = 0.2
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 1
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Biot modulus.  M = 1/(phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K) = 4.705882
# Undrained bulk modulus. Ku = K + alpha^2*M = 2.694118
# Undrained Poisson ratio.  nuu = (3Ku - 2G)/(6Ku + 2G) = 0.372627
# Skempton coefficient.  B = alpha*M/Ku = 1.048035
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = 2*k*B^2*G*(1-nu)*(1+nuu)^2/9/(1-nuu)/(nuu-nu) = 3.821656
# Normal stress on top.  F = 1
#
# The solution for porepressure and displacements is given in
# AHD Cheng and E Detournay "A direct boundary element method for plane strain poroelasticity" International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 12 (1988) 551-572.
# The solution involves complicated infinite series, so I shall not write it here

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 10
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [roller_xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left'
  []
  [roller_ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom'
  []
  [plane_strain]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
  [xmax_drained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = right
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    function = top_velocity
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [top_velocity]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0 0.002 0.006   0.014   0.03    0.046   0.062   0.078   0.094   0.11    0.126   0.142   0.158   0.174   0.19 0.206 0.222 0.238 0.254 0.27 0.286 0.302 0.318 0.334 0.35 0.366 0.382 0.398 0.414 0.43 0.446 0.462 0.478 0.494 0.51 0.526 0.542 0.558 0.574 0.59 0.606 0.622 0.638 0.654 0.67 0.686 0.702'
    y = '-0.041824842    -0.042730269    -0.043412712    -0.04428867     -0.045509181    -0.04645965     -0.047268246 -0.047974749      -0.048597109     -0.0491467  -0.049632388     -0.050061697      -0.050441198     -0.050776675     -0.051073238      -0.0513354 -0.051567152      -0.051772022     -0.051953128 -0.052113227 -0.052254754 -0.052379865 -0.052490464 -0.052588233 -0.052674662 -0.052751065 -0.052818606 -0.052878312 -0.052931093 -0.052977751 -0.053018997 -0.053055459 -0.053087691 -0.053116185 -0.053141373 -0.05316364 -0.053183324 -0.053200724 -0.053216106 -0.053229704 -0.053241725 -0.053252351 -0.053261745 -0.053270049 -0.053277389 -0.053283879 -0.053289615'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [tot_force]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [tot_force]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'stress_yy porepressure'
    execute_on = timestep_end
    variable = tot_force
    function = '-stress_yy+0.6*porepressure'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityHMBiotModulus
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk = 1
    constant_fluid_bulk_modulus = 8
    constant_biot_modulus = 4.7058823529
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.2 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.3 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.4 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.6 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.7 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.8 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0.9 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [xdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [ydisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '1 0.1 0'
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [total_downwards_force]
     type = ElementAverageValue
     outputs = csv
     variable = tot_force
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.15*t<0.01,0.15*t,0.01)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 0.7
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = mandel_constM
  [csv]
    interval = 3
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi.i)

# Terzaghi's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
#
# A saturated soil sample sits in a bath of water.
# It is constrained on its sides, and bottom.
# Its sides and bottom are also impermeable.
# Initially it is unstressed.
# A normal stress, q, is applied to the soil's top.
# The soil then slowly compresses as water is squeezed
# out from the sample from its top (the top BC for
# the porepressure is porepressure = 0).
#
# See, for example.  Section 2.2 of the online manuscript
# Arnold Verruijt "Theory and Problems of Poroelasticity" Delft University of Technology 2013
# but note that the "sigma" in that paper is the negative
# of the stress in TensorMechanics
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil height.  h = 10
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 2
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = 3
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 4
# Soil confined compressibility.  m = 1/(K + 4mu/3) = 0.125
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 0.25
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Soil initial storativity, which is the reciprocal of the initial Biot modulus.  S = phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K = 0.0625
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = k/(S + alpha^2 m) = 13.95348837
# Normal stress on top.  q = 1
# Initial porepressure, resulting from instantaneous application of q, assuming corresponding instantaneous increase of porepressure (Note that this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  p0 = alpha*m*q/(S + alpha^2 m) = 0.69767442
# Initial vertical displacement (down is positive), resulting from instantaneous application of q (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uz0 = q*m*h*S/(S + alpha^2 m)
# Final vertical displacement (down in positive) (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uzinf = q*m*h
#
# The solution for porepressure is
# P = 4*p0/\pi \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{2k-1} \cos ((2k-1)\pi z/(2h)) \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))
# This series converges very slowly for ct/h^2 small, so in that domain
# P = p0 erf( (1-(z/h))/(2 \sqrt(ct/h^2)) )
#
# The degree of consolidation is defined as
# U = (uz - uz0)/(uzinf - uz0)
# where uz0 and uzinf are defined above, and
# uz = the vertical displacement of the top (down is positive)
# U = 1 - (8/\pi^2)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2k-1)^2} \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))
#
# FINAL NOTE: The above solution assumes constant Biot Modulus.
# In porous_flow this is not true.  Therefore the solution is
# a little different than in the paper.  This test was therefore
# validated against MOOSE's poromechanics, which can choose either
# a constant Biot Modulus (which has been shown to agree with
# the analytic solution), or a non-constant Biot Modulus (which
# gives the same results as porous_flow).

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [topdrained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = front
  []
  [topload]
    type = NeumannBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = -1
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 0.96
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 2 + 2*3/3 = 4
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure_qp]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    solid_bulk = 4
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 1'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 2'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 3'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 4'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 5'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 6'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 7'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 8'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 9'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.5*t<0.1,0.5*t,0.1)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.0001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = terzaghi
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_relperm.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic relative permeability.  Gas is added to and removed from the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pp1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_liquid
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = relperm_gas
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pp1
    phase = 1
    property = pressure
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityGas
    phase = 1
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    gamma = 0.33
    k_rg_max = 0.8
    gas_low_extension_type = linear_like
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 9, 10, -10)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [kr_liq]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm_liquid
  []
  [kr_gas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = relperm_gas
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 18
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/co2.i)

# Test the density and viscosity calculated by the simple CO2 Material
# Pressure 5 MPa
# Temperature 50C
# These conditions correspond to the gas phase
# CO2 density should equal 104 kg/m^3 (NIST webbook)
# CO2 viscosity should equal 0.000017345 Pa.s (NIST webbook)
# Results are within expected accuracy

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 5e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [co2]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    fp = co2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = co2
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/lava_lamp/1phase_convection.i)

# Two phase density-driven convection of dissolved CO2 in brine
#
# The model starts with CO2 in the liquid phase only.  The CO2 diffuses into the brine.
# As the density of the CO2-saturated brine is greater
# than the unsaturated brine, a gravitational instability arises and density-driven
# convection of CO2-rich fingers descend into the unsaturated brine.
#
# The instability is seeded by a random perturbation to the porosity field.
# Mesh adaptivity is used to refine the mesh as the fingers form.
#
# Note: this model is computationally expensive, so should be run with multiple cores.

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
[]

[Adaptivity]
  max_h_level = 2
  marker = marker
  initial_marker = initial
  initial_steps = 2
  [Indicators]
    [indicator]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = zi
    []
  []
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = indicator
      refine = 0.8
    []
    [initial]
      type = BoxMarker
      bottom_left = '0 1.95 0'
      top_right = '2 2 0'
      inside = REFINE
      outside = DO_NOTHING
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ymin = 1.5
  ymax = 2
  xmax = 2
  ny = 20
  nx = 40
  bias_y = 0.95
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.01
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [xco2l]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_liquid]
    order = FIRST
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [xco2l]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = xco2l
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [density_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_liquid
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
    scaling = 1e4
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 10e6-9.81*1000*y
    variable = pgas
  []
  [zi]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 0
    variable = zi
  []
  [porosity]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = porosity
    min = 0.25
    max = 0.275
    seed = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0.04
    variable = zi
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
    disp_long = '0 0'
    disp_trans = '0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2sw]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = co2sw
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = '45'
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = 'pgas'
    z = 'zi'
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = 'xnacl'
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = porosity
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
  []
  [diffusivity]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '2e-9 2e-9 2e-9 2e-9'
    tortuosity = '1 1'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e6
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_max_its = 100
  dtmax = 1e4
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 100
    growth_factor = 2
    cutback_factor = 0.5
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [flux]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vals = 'delta_xco2 dt'
    vars = 'dx dt'
    value = 'dx/dt'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_co2_in_gas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [total_co2_in_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
  [delta_xco2]
    type = ChangeOverTimePostprocessor
    postprocessor = total_co2_in_liquid
  []
  [dt]
    type = TimestepSize
  []
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = flux
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s09_fully_saturated.i)

# Apply a piecewise-linear sink flux to the right-hand side and watch fluid flow to it
#
# This test has a single phase with two components.  The test initialises with
# the porous material fully filled with component=1.  The left-hand side is fixed
# at porepressure=1 and mass-fraction of the zeroth component being unity.
# The right-hand side has a very strong piecewise-linear flux that keeps the
# porepressure~0 at that side.  Fluid mass is extracted by this flux in proportion
# to the fluid component mass fraction.
#
# Therefore, the zeroth fluid component will flow from left to right (down the
# pressure gradient).
#
# The important DE is
# porosity * dc/dt = (perm / visc) * grad(P) * grad(c)
# which is true for c = mass-fraction, and very large bulk modulus of the fluid.
# For grad(P) constant in time and space (as in this example) this is just the
# advection equation for c, with velocity = perm / visc / porosity.  The parameters
# are chosen to velocity = 1 m/s.
# In the numerical world, and especially with full upwinding, the advection equation
# suffers from diffusion.  In this example, the diffusion is obvious when plotting
# the mass-fraction along the line, but the average velocity of the front is still
# correct at 1 m/s.
# This test uses the FullySaturated version of the flow Kernel.  This does not
# suffer from as much numerical diffusion as the standard PorousFlow Kernel since
# it does not employ any upwinding.
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp frac'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [frac]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = 1-x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = frac
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = frac
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    fluid_component = 1
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e10 # need large in order for constant-velocity advection
      density0 = 1 # almost irrelevant, except that the ability of the right BC to keep P fixed at zero is related to density_P0
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 11
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = frac
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 0 1.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2 # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [lhs_fixed_a]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = frac
    value = 1
  []
  [lhs_fixed_b]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pp
    value = 1
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '-100 100'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    variable = frac # the zeroth comonent
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1E4
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '-100 100'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    variable = pp # comonent 1
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1E4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-2
  end_time = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-11
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-11
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [mf]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 100
    sort_by = x
    variable = frac
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s09_fully_saturated
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.5 1'
    sync_only = true
  []
  interval = 10
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/except02.i)

# checking that the heat-energy postprocessor throws the correct error if the kernel_variable_number is illegal
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [tinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '100*x'
    variable = temp
  []
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = x
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummyt]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummyp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    kernel_variable_number = 2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
  []
  [fluid_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    include_porous_skeleton = false
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = except01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass05_nodens.i)

# 2phase (PP)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 3components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
# multiply_by_density = false
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
  [mass_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
  [mass_sp2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addmaterials2.i)

# Test that the PorousFlowAddMaterialAction correctly handles the case where
# the at_nodes parameter isn't provided. In this case, only a single material
# is given, and the action must correctly identify if materials should be added
# at the nodes, qps, or even both

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [x0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [x1]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater sgas temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-5
    pc_max = 1e7
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-4
      density0 = 20
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'x0 x1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.11
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.01
    sum_s_res = 0.11
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [unused]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = unused
    prop_values = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/vol_expansion_poroperm.i)

# Apply an increasing porepressure, with zero mechanical forces,
# and observe the corresponding volumetric expansion and porosity increase.
# Check that permeability is calculated correctly from porosity.
#
# P = t
# With the Biot coefficient being 1, the effective stresses should be
# stress_xx = stress_yy = stress_zz = t
# With bulk modulus = 1 then should have
# vol_strain = strain_xx + strain_yy + strain_zz = t.
#
# With the biot coefficient being 1, the porosity (phi) # at time t is:
# phi = 1 - (1 - phi0) / exp(vol_strain)
# where phi0 is the porosity at t = 0 and P = 0.
#
# The permeability (k) is
# k = k_anisotropic * f * d^2 * phi^n / (1-phi)^m

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [p]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [p]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    boundary = 'bottom top'
    variable = p
    function = t
  []
  [xmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
  []
  [ymin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = bottom
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
  []
  [zmin]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = back
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p_does_not_really_diffuse]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p
  []
  [TensorMechanics]
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 1
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [poro0]
    type = RandomIC
    seed = 0
    variable = poro0
    max = 0.15
    min = 0.05
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poromat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    bulk_modulus = 1
    shear_modulus = 1
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = p
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = poro0
    solid_bulk = 1
    biot_coefficient = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_fd2
    f = 0.1
    d = 5
    m = 2
    n = 7
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_atol -ksp_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10 1E-15 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc01.i)

# Newton cooling from a bar.  1-phase transient
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1000
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pressure'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e6
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = left
    value = 2E6
  []
  [newton]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1300000 1400000 1500000 1600000 1700000 1800000 1900000 2000000'
    multipliers = '0. 5.6677197748570516e-6 0.000011931518841831313 0.00001885408740732065 0.000026504708864284114 0.000034959953203725676 0.000044304443352900224 0.00005463170211001232 0.00006604508815181467 0.00007865883048198513 0.00009259917167338928 0.00010800563134618119 0.00012503240252705603 0.00014384989486488752 0.00016464644014777016 0.00018763017719085535 0.0002130311349595711 0.00024110353477682344 0.00027212833465544285 0.00030641604122040985 0.00034430981736352295'
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = pressure
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 20
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-15 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1E8
  dt = 1E6
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = nc01
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except18.i)

# Exception test
# Incorrect number of kinetic in dictator
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except16.i)

# Exception test
# Incorrect number of stoichiometry
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1
    stoichiometry = '2 3'
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 1
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated_2.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient
# using the PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase Kernel
# and the PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative Kernel
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 2E9
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p005]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '5 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p015]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '15 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p025]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '25 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p035]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '35 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p045]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '45 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p055]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '55 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p065]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '65 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p075]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '75 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p085]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '85 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p095]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '95 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated_2
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except06.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_mobility = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except11.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_relative_permeability = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except14.i)

# Exception: attempting to use PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP in a 1-phase situation
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 19
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_sat_01.i)

# 1-phase hysteresis.  Saturation calculation.  Primary drying curve with low_extension_type = none
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 10
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = pp
    function = '1 - x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.1
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 7.0
    low_extension_type = none
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [saturation]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [saturation]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [sat]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.5 0 0'
    end_point = '9.5 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'saturation pp'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis3.i)

# Two phase Theis problem: Flow from single source
# Constant rate injection 0.5 kg/s
# 1D cylindrical mesh

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmax = 2000
  bias_x = 1.05
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 1e5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      viscosity = 1e-4
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 0.5
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-8       1E-10 20'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e4
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 10
    growth_factor = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'ppwater sgas'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [ppwater]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '4 0 0'
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '4 0 0'
    variable = sgas
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = theis3
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = timestep_end
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/pls02.i)

# fully-saturated situation with a poly-line sink with use_mobility=true
# The poly-line consists of 2 points, and has a length
# of 0.5.  Each point is weighted with a weight of 0.1
# The PorousFlowPolyLineSink has
# p_or_t_vals = 0 1E7
# fluxes = 0 1
# so that for 0<=porepressure<=1E7
# base flux = porepressure * 1E-6 * mobility  (measured in kg.m^-1.s^-1),
# and when multiplied by the poly-line length, and
# the weighting of each point, the mass flux is
# flux = porepressure * 0.5*E-8 * mobility (kg.s^-1).
#
# The fluid and matrix properties are:
# porosity = 0.1
# element volume = 8 m^3
# density = dens0 * exp(P / bulk), with bulk = 2E7
# initial porepressure P0 = 1E7
# viscosity = 0.2
# So, fluid mass = 0.8 * density (kg)
#
# The equation to solve is
# d(Mass)/dt = - porepressure * 0.5*E-8 * density / viscosity
#
# PorousFlow discretises time to conserve mass, so to march
# forward in time, we must solve
# Mass(dt) = Mass(0) - P * 0.5E-8 * density / viscosity * dt
# or
# 0.8 * dens0 * exp(P/bulk) = 0.8 * dens0 * exp(P0/bulk) - P * 0.5E-8 * density / viscosity * dt
# For the numbers written above this gives
# P(t=1) = 6.36947 MPa
# which is given precisely by MOOSE
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [pls_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      viscosity = 0.2
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pls]
    # This defines a sink that has strength
    # f = L(P) * relperm * L_seg
    # where
    #    L(P) is a piecewise-linear function of porepressure
    #      that is zero at pp=0 and 1 at pp=1E7
    #    relperm is the relative permeability of the fluid
    #    L_seg is the line-segment length associated with
    #      the Dirac points defined in the file pls02.bh
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink

    # Because the Variable for this Sink is pp, and pp is associated
    # with the fluid-mass conservation equation, this sink is extracting
    # fluid mass (and not heat energy or something else)
    variable = pp

    # The following specfies that the total fluid mass coming out of
    # the porespace via this sink in this timestep should be recorded
    # in the pls_total_outflow_mass UserObject
    SumQuantityUO = pls_total_outflow_mass

    # The following file defines the polyline geometry
    # which is just two points in this particular example
    point_file = pls02.bh

    # Now define the piecewise-linear function, L

    # First, we want L to be a function of porepressure (and not
    # temperature or something else).  The following means that
    # p_or_t_vals should be intepreted by MOOSE as the zeroth-phase
    # porepressure
    function_of = pressure
    fluid_phase = 0

    # Second, define the piecewise-linear function, L
    # The following means
    #    flux=0 when pp=0  (and also pp<0)
    #    flux=1 when pp=1E7  (and also pp>1E7)
    #    flux=linearly intepolated between pp=0 and pp=1E7
    # When flux>0 this means a sink, while flux<0 means a source
    p_or_t_vals = '0 1E7'
    fluxes = '0 1'

    # Finally, in this case we want to always multiply
    # L by the fluid mobility (of the zeroth phase) and
    # use that in the sink strength instead of the bare L
    # computed above
    use_mobility = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pls_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = pls_total_outflow_mass
  []
  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 pls_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  dt = 1
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls02
  exodus = false
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux03.i)

# 2phase (PP), 2components (that exist in both phases), constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 300 K  (temperature unit = K)
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 1.1E-3 Pa.s
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10e6
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = simple_fluid
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/relperm_jac_1.i)

# Test of derivatives computed in PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeability classes along first-order curve
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '-1 0 0'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 10.0
    m = 0.33
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid_0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid_1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      viscosity = 3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
    initial_order = 1
    previous_turning_points = 0.3
  []
  [relperm_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityLiquid
    phase = 0
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    liquid_modification_range = 0.9
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticRelativePermeabilityGas
    phase = 1
    S_lr = 0.1
    S_gr_max = 0.2
    m = 0.9
    gamma = 0.33
    k_rg_max = 0.8
    gas_low_extension_type = linear_like
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/capillary_pressure/brooks_corey1.i)

# Test Brooks-Corey capillary pressure curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# lambda = 2, sat_lr = 0.1, log_extension = false

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [p1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    variable = p0aux
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = p1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    lambda = 2
    log_extension = false
    pe = 1e5
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux p0aux p1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 500
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux02.i)

# 1phase, 3components, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = -0.7+x+y
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/line_sink03.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole with 2-phase, 3-components, with enthalpy, internal_energy, and thermal_conductivity
# NOTE: this test has suffered from repeated failures since its inception.  The problem always appears to be caused by having too many Dirac points in an element: see #10471.  As of Nov2020, the dirac7 DiracKernel uses only one Dirac point, not ten_points.bh.  One day it would be good to be able to use point_file = ten_points.bh
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
  [dummy_outflow0]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow1]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow2]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow3]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow4]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow5]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow6]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [dummy_outflow7]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = 1
    max = 2
  []
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
      cv = 1.1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
      cv = 1.8
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '0.1 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.3'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  #active = 'dirac6 dirac2' # incorrect jacobian for ny=2
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5' # correct jacobian for ny=2
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5 dirac6' # incorrect jacobian for ny=2
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5 dirac7' # correct jacobian in dbg, but not in opt, for ny=2
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5 dirac6' # incorrect jacobian in dbg, but correct for opt, for ny=1
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5' # correct jacobian, for ny=1
  #active = 'dirac0 dirac1 dirac2 dirac3 dirac4 dirac5 dirac6' # incorrect jacobian in dbg, but correct for opt, for ny=1.  row24, col 21 and 22 are wrong.  row24=node3, 21=ppwater, 22=ppgas, 24=massfrac_ph0_sp1 (all at node3)
  [dirac0]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = one_point.bh
    line_length = 1
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow0
    character = 1
    bottom_p_or_t = -10
    unit_weight = '1 2 3'
    re_constant = 0.123
  []
  [dirac1]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
    line_length = 1
    line_direction = '-1 -1 -1'
    use_relative_permeability = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow1
    character = -0.5
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '1 2 -3'
    re_constant = 0.3
  []
  [dirac2]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    line_length = 1.3
    line_direction = '1 0 1'
    use_mobility = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow2
    character = 0.6
    bottom_p_or_t = -4
    unit_weight = '-1 -2 -3'
    re_constant = 0.4
  []
  [dirac3]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    line_length = 1.3
    line_direction = '1 1 1'
    use_enthalpy = true
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow3
    character = -1
    bottom_p_or_t = 3
    unit_weight = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
    re_constant = 0.5
  []
  [dirac4]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    function_of = temperature
    line_length = 0.9
    line_direction = '1 1 1'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow4
    character = 1.1
    bottom_p_or_t = -7
    unit_weight = '-1 2 3'
    re_constant = 0.6
  []
  [dirac5]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = temp
    line_length = 0.9
    function_of = temperature
    line_direction = '1 2 3'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow5
    character = 0.9
    bottom_p_or_t = -8
    unit_weight = '1 2 1'
    re_constant = 0.7
  []
  [dirac6]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 0
    variable = ppwater
    point_file = nine_points.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow6
    character = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '0.0 0.0 0.0'
  []
  [dirac7]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    fluid_phase = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    use_mobility = true
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_relative_permeability = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    point_file = one_point.bh
    #NOTE this commented-out line: point_file = ten_points.bh
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_outflow7
    character = -1
    bottom_p_or_t = 10
    unit_weight = '0.1 0.2 0.3'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = line_sink03
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls03.i)

# PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink with 2-phase, 3-components
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 2
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]


[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_ppwater]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [dummy_ppgas]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [dummy_m00]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m01]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
  []
  [dummy_m10]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
  []
  [dummy_m11]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.4
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'left'
    pt_vals = '-1 -0.5 0'
    multipliers = '1 2 4'
    variable = ppwater
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 -2 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    variable = ppgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 3 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'back top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '0 1 -3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
  [flux_3]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '1 3 4'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
  []
  [flux_4]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'back top'
    pt_vals = '0 0.5 1'
    multipliers = '0 1 -3'
    mass_fraction_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    fluid_phase = 1
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = '-0.5*x*y'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls03
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_2.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  Second-order drying curve
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0.1
    xmax = 0.9
    nx = 80
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
    initial_order = 2
    previous_turning_points = '0.1 0.9'
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = none
    high_extension_type = none
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0.1 0 0'
    end_point = '0.9 0 0'
    num_points = 8
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/vangenuchten2.i)

# Test van Genuchten relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# van Genuchten exponent m = 0.4 for both phases
# Phase 0 residual saturation s0r = 0.1
# Phase 1 residual saturation s1r = 0.2

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.4
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.3
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 1
    m = 0.4
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.3
    wetting = false
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/coldwater_injection.i)

# Cold water injection into 1D hot reservoir (Avdonin, 1964)
#
# To generate results presented in documentation for this problem,
# set xmax = 50 and nx = 250 in the Mesh block, and dtmax = 100 and
# end_time = 1.3e5 in the Executioner block.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 25
  xmax = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = temperature
    property = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pliquid]
    initial_condition = 5e6
  []
  [h]
    scaling = 1e-6
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [hic]
    type = PorousFlowFluidPropertyIC
    variable = h
    porepressure = pliquid
    property = enthalpy
    temperature = 170
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    fp = water
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pliquid
    value = 5.05e6
    boundary = left
  []
  [pright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pliquid
    value = 5e6
    boundary = right
  []
  [hleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h
    value = 678.52e3
    boundary = left
  []
  [hright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h
    value = 721.4e3
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pliquid
  []
  [massflux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pliquid
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = h
  []
  [heatflux]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = h
  []
  [heatcond]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = h
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pliquid h'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    pc_max = 1e6
    sat_lr = 0.1
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterVapor
    water_fp = water
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [watervapor]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateSingleComponent
    porepressure = pliquid
    enthalpy = h
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11 0 0 0 1.8e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    density = 2900
    specific_heat_capacity = 740
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '20 0 0  0 20 0  0 0 20'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 5e3
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 100
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/waterncg_gas.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowWaterNCG
# for conditions that give a single gas phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1e4
    max = 4e4
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.88
    max = 0.98
    variable = z
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e3
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux07.i)

# 2phase (PS), 2components (that exist in both phases), constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, vanGenuchten capillary pressure
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [sgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 10
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.0
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS_2.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure.  Gas is added to, removed from, and added to the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pp1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pp1
    phase = 1
    property = pressure
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
  function = 'if(t <= 14, 10, if(t <= 25, -10, 10))'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [pp0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp0
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 4
  end_time = 46
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  sync_times = '13 14 15 24 25 25.5 26 27 28 29'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_twophase.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowFluidState
# for conditions that are appropriate for two phases

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1e6
    max = 4e6
    variable = pgas
    seed = 1
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.2
    max = 0.8
    variable = zi
    seed = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e1
    pc_max = 1e4
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except13.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = coincident_points.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/quad_adaptivity.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = UniformMarker
      mark = REFINE
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = '0'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = 'pp'
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 4
  dt = 1
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'final'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  show = pp
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phase.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 2 phases (with one having zero saturation), 2components - transient
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
  [ppgas]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e6
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-5
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [leftgas]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-15       1E-20 20'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = ppwater
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_2phase
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar01.i)

# Testing permeability calculated from scalar and tensor
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropy * perm

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [perm_var]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [perm_var]
    type = ConstantAux
    value = 2
    variable = perm_var
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityTensorFromVar
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    perm = perm_var
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass04.i)

# 2phase (PP)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_3D.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, employing PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 3D version
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 4
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.5
  nz = 3
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0.5 2'
    num_points = 11
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 0.3
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg_nonisothermal.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [z]
    initial_condition = 0.25
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 70
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_water
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = internal_energy_gas
    property = internal_energy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [heat]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z '
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_water
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = enthalpy_gas
  []
  [internal_energy_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_water
  []
  [internal_energy_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = internal_energy_gas
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermTensorFromVar03.i)

# Testing permeability calculated from scalar and tensor
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# when k_anisotropy is not specified.
# k = k_anisotropy * perm

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [perm_var]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [perm_var]
    type = ConstantAux
    value = 2
    variable = perm_var
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_left]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_right]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '2.5 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityTensorFromVar
    perm = perm_var
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh07.i)

# Comparison with analytical solution for cylindrically-symmetric situation
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = bh07_input.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1000 10000'
    x = '100 1000'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [fflux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [fix_outer]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = perimeter
    variable = pp
    value = 1E7
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-11 0 0 0 1E-11 0 0 0 1E-11'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    m = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    variable = pp
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    point_file = bh07.bh
    fluid_phase = 0
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    use_mobility = true
    re_constant = 0.1594  # use Chen and Zhang version
    character = 2 # double the strength because bh07.bh only fills half the mesh
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = pp
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '300 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 300
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1E3
  solve_type = NEWTON
  [TimeStepper]
    # get only marginally better results for smaller time steps
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bh07
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_ic.i)

# Tests correct calculation of z (total mass fraction of NCG summed over all
# phases) using the PorousFlowFluidStateIC initial condition. Once z is
# calculated by the initial condition, the thermophysical properties are calculated
# and the resulting gas saturation should be equal to that given in the intial condition

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [z]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateIC
    saturation = 0.5
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    temperature = 50
    variable = z
    xnacl = 0.1
    fluid_state = fs
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    fluid_state = fs
    capillary_pressure = pc
    xnacl = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [z]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = z
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/co2_intercomparison/1Dradial/1Dradial.i)

# Intercomparison problem 3: Radial flow from an injection well
#
# From Pruess et al, Code intercomparison builds confidence in
# numerical simulation models for geologic disposal of CO2, Energy 29 (2004)
#
# A variation with zero salinity can be run by changing the initial condition
# of the AuxVariable xnacl

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 500
  xmax = 10000
  bias_x = 1.01
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = 'RZ'
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_liquid]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.15
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_liquid]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_liquid
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 12e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
    scaling = 1e4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 5.099e-5
    m = 0.457
    sat_lr = 0.0
    pc_max = 1e7
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2sw]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = co2sw
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [watertab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = water
      temperature_min = 273.15
      temperature_max = 573.15
      fluid_property_file = water_fluid_properties.csv
      save_file = false
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
      water_fp = watertab
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = '45'
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = 'pgas'
    z = 'zi'
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = 'xnacl'
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = '0.12'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    m = 0.457
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.3
    sum_s_res = 0.35
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.05
    sum_s_res = 0.35
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [rightwater]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    variable = pgas
    use_mobility = true
    PorousFlowDictator = dictator
    fluid_phase = 0
    multipliers = '0 1e9'
    PT_shift = '12e6'
    pt_vals = '0 1e9'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_relperm = true
  []
  [rightco2]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = zi
    boundary = 'right'
    use_mobility = true
    PorousFlowDictator = dictator
    fluid_phase = 1
    multipliers = '0 1e9'
    PT_shift = '12e6'
    pt_vals = '0 1e9'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_relperm = true
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 1
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi lu NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 8.64e8
  nl_max_its = 25
  l_max_its = 100
  dtmax = 5e6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 100
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vars]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'pgas zi xnacl'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = spatial
  []
  [auxvars]
    type = ElementValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'saturation_gas x1 y0'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = spatial
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = pgas
    outputs = time
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
    outputs = time
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = zi
    outputs = time
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    outputs = time
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = x1
    outputs = time
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = y0
    outputs = time
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = PointValue
    point = '25.25 0 0'
    variable = xnacl
    outputs = time
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  sync_times = '2.592e6 8.64e6 8.64e7 8.64e8'
  [time]
    type = CSV
  []
  [spatial]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/basic_advection/2phase.i)

# Basic advection of u in a 2-phase situation
#
# grad(P) = -2
# density * gravity = 4 * 0.25
# grad(P) - density * gravity = -3
# permeability = 10
# relative permeability = 0.5
# viscosity = 150
# so Darcy velocity = 0.1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [P0]
  []
  [P1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P0]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P0
    function = '0'
  []
  [P1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P1
    function = '2*(1-x)'
  []
  [u]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = u
    function = 'if(x<0.1,1,0)'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_dot]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = u
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = ''
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      density0 = 32
      viscosity = 123
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = P0
    phase1_porepressure = P1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 0.5
    phase = 1
  []
  [darcy_velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 1
    variable = u
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 0
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 5
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  print_linear_residuals = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro02.i)

# Testing permeability from porosity
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropic * k0 * (1-phi0)^m/phi0^n * phi^n/(1-phi)^m

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 1e-10
    phi0 = 0.05
    m = 2
    n = 7
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation.i)

# The precipitation reaction
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using mineral_density = fluid_density, theta = 1 = eta, the DE is
#
# a' = -(mineral / porosity)' = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is negative for a > 0.25, ie precipitation for a(t=0) > 0.25
#
# The solution of the DE is
# a = eqm_const / act_coeff + (a(t=0) - eqm_const / act_coeff) exp(-rate * surf_area * molar_vol * act_coeff * t / eqm_const)
#   = 0.25 + (a(t=0) - 0.25) exp(-4 * t)
# c = c(t=0) - (a - a(t=0)) * porosity
#
# This test checks that (a + c / porosity) is time-independent, and that a follows the above solution
#
# Aside:
#    The exponential curve is not followed exactly because moose actually solves
#    (a - a_old)/dt = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#    which does not give an exponential exactly, except in the limit dt->0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.9
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [should_be_static]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'mineral a'
    function = 'a + mineral / 0.1'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [pre_dis]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [mass_frac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = a
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [a]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = a
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  interval = 10
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01_nodens.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 1component
# fully saturated
# multiply_by_density = false
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    multiply_by_density = false
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat05.i)

# Demonstrates that porosity is correctly initialised,
# since the residual should be zero in this example.
# If initQpStatefulProperties of the Porosity calculator
# is incorrect then the residual will be nonzero.
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 0.5
      cv = 2
      cp = 2
      bulk_modulus = 2.0
      density0 = 3.0
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back front'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = pp
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [poro_vol_exp_temp]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    thermal = true
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.25
    solid_bulk = 2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 0.2
    density = 5.0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [should_be_zero]
    type = NumNonlinearIterations
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-16
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = heat05
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_MD.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient
# Using the "MD" formulation (where primary variable is log(mass-density
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [md]
    # initial porepressure = 2E6
    # so initial md = log(density_P0) + porepressure/bulk_modulus =
    initial_condition = 6.90875527898214
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = md
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = md
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'md'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseMD_Gaussian
    mass_density = md
    al = 1E-6 # this is irrelevant in this example
    density_P0 = 1000
    bulk_modulus = 2E9
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    # BC porepressure = 3E6
    # so boundary md = log(density_P0) + porepressure/bulk_modulus =
    value = 6.90925527898214
    variable = md
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pp]
    type = ParsedAux
    function = '(md-6.9077552789821)*2.0E9'
    args = 'md'
    variable = pp
  []
[]


[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_MD
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except07.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_mobility = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addjoiner.i)

# Tests that including PorousFlowJoiner materials doesn't cause the simulation
# to fail due to the PorousFlowAddMaterialJoiner action adding duplicate
# PorousFlowJoiner materials

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
  []
  [p1]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [p1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
    [fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_nodal]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    at_nodes = true
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_porepressure = p1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_porepressure = p1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [fluid0_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid0
    at_nodes = true
    phase = 0
  []
  [fluid1_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid1
    at_nodes = true
    phase = 1
  []
  [fluid0_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [fluid1_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [density_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    at_nodes = true
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_nodal
  []
  [density_qp]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp
  []
  [viscosity_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_viscosity_nodal
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [viscosity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_viscosity_qp
  []
  [energy_ndoal]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    at_nodes = true
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_nodal
  []
  [energy_qp]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp
  []
  [enthalpy_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_nodal
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [enthalpy_qp]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    material_property = PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp
  []
  [relperm0_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    at_nodes = true
    kr = 0.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    at_nodes = true
    kr = 0.8
    phase = 1
  []
  [relperm_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowJoiner
    at_nodes = true
    material_property = PorousFlow_relative_permeability_nodal
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 p1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux05.i)

# 1phase with MD_Gaussian (var = log(mass-density) with Gaussian capillary) formulation
# constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity
# fully saturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [md]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [md]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0
    max = 1 # unsaturated for md<log(density_P0=0.8)=-0.223
    variable = md
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = md
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'md'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseMD_Gaussian
    mass_density = md
    al = 1.1
    density_P0 = 0.8
    bulk_modulus = 1.5
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except11.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of molar volumes

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = 1.0e-8
    activation_energy = 1.5e4
    molar_volume = '1 1'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/water_vapor.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties in PorousFlowWaterVapor in the two-phase region

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pliq]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [h]
    initial_condition = 8e5
    scaling = 1e-3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [temperature]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_water
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    property = enthalpy
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = temperature
    property = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pliq
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = h
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pliq h'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBC
    pe = 1e5
    lambda = 2
    pc_max = 1e6
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterVapor
    water_fp = water
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [watervapor]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateSingleComponent
    porepressure = pliq
    enthalpy = h
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    density = 2500
    specific_heat_capacity = 1200
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = density_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = density_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = viscosity_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = viscosity_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_water]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = enthalpy_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy_gas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = enthalpy_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = saturation_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = saturation_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = pressure_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = pressure_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = temperature
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    variable = h
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [liquid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [vapor_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = water_vapor_twophase
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass10.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, HM porosity, 1component, unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    strain_at_nearest_qp = true
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
    strain_at_nearest_qp = true
  []
  [nearest_qp]
    type = PorousFlowNearestQp
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/tensile01.i)

# Tensile heating, using capped weak-plane plasticity
# z_disp(z=1) = t
# totalstrain_zz = t
# with C_ijkl = 0.5 0.25
# stress_zz = t, but with tensile_strength = 1, stress_zz = min(t, 1)
# so plasticstrain_zz = t - 1
# heat_energy_rate = coeff * (t - 1)
# Heat capacity of rock = specific_heat_cap * density = 4
# So temperature of rock should be:
# (1 - porosity) * 4 * T = (1 - porosity) * coeff * (t - 1)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -10
  xmax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [phe]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [disp_z]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = disp_z
    function = z*t
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = temperature
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
  [coh]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 100
  []
  [tanphi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1.0
  []
  [t_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1
  []
  [c_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [rock_internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2
    density = 2
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [phe]
    type = ComputePlasticHeatEnergy
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.25'
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeIncrementalSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [admissible]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
    inelastic_models = mc
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneStressUpdate
    cohesion = coh
    tan_friction_angle = tanphi
    tan_dilation_angle = tanphi
    tensile_strength = t_strength
    compressive_strength = c_strength
    tip_smoother = 0
    smoothing_tol = 1
    yield_function_tol = 1E-10
    perfect_guess = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [temp]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = tensile01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/theis1.i)

# Theis problem: Flow to single sink
# SinglePhase
# Cartesian mesh with logarithmic distribution in x and y.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 20
  ny = 20
  bias_x = 1.1
  bias_y = 1.1
  ymax = 100
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  compute_enthalpy = false
  compute_internal_energy = false
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-14 0 0 0 1E-14 0 0 0 1E-14'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 200
  end_time = 1E3
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[Outputs]
  perf_graph = true
  file_base = theis1
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [PressureIC]
    variable = pp
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 20e6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [sink]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    end_time = 1000
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = -0.04
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    value = 20e6
    boundary = right
  []
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    value = 20e6
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = SideValueSampler
    variable = pp
    sort_by = x
    execute_on = timestep_end
    boundary = bottom
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation_porosity_change.i)

# Test to illustrate porosity evolution due to precipitation
#
# The precipitation reaction
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using theta = 1 = eta, the DE that describes the prcipitation is
# reaction_rate = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is negative (ie precipitation) for a > 0.25
#
# a is held fixed at 0.5, so
# reaction_rate = - (1 - 2) = 1
#
# The mineral volume fraction evolves according to
# Mineral = mineral_old + dt * porosity_old * reaction_rate = mineral_old + dt * porosity_old
#
# Porosity evolves according to
# porosity = porosity(t=0) - (mineral - mineral(t=0))
#          = porosity(t=0) - (mineral_old + dt * porosity_old * reaction_rate - mineral(t=0))
#
# Specifically:
# time mineral porosity
# 0    0.2     0.6
# 0.1  0.26    0.54
# 0.2  0.314   0.486
# 0.3  0.3626  0.4374
# 0.4  0.40634 0.39366
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [dummy]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = dummy
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = dummy
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = dummy
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    chemical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.6
    reference_chemistry = ini_mineral_conc
    initial_mineral_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porosity
  []
  [c]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = mineral
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_upwinded_grav01c.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, 2-component, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability
# fully saturated with fully-saturated Kernel with upwinding
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx
# NOTE: this test is numerically delicate because the steady-state configuration is independent of the mass fraction, so the frac variable can assume any value as long as mass-fraction is conserved

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
  [frac]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    fluid_component = 1
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedAdvectiveFlux
    variable = frac
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1.2 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp frac'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = frac
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'NONZERO'
  nl_max_its = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/numerical_diffusion/pffltvd.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, employing PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 101
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/plastic_heating/compressive01.i)

# Tensile heating, using capped weak-plane plasticity
# z_disp(z=1) = -t
# totalstrain_zz = -t
# with C_ijkl = 0.5 0.25
# stress_zz = -t, but with compressive_strength = 1, stress_zz = max(-t, -1)
# so plasticstrain_zz = -(t - 1)
# heat_energy_rate = coeff * (t - 1)
# Heat capacity of rock = specific_heat_cap * density = 4
# So temperature of rock should be:
# (1 - porosity) * 4 * T = (1 - porosity) * coeff * (t - 1)
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = -10
  xmax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [phe]
    type = PorousFlowPlasticHeatEnergy
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [disp_z]
    type = FunctionAux
    variable = disp_z
    function = '-z*t'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = temperature
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
  [coh]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 100
  []
  [tanphi]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1.0
  []
  [t_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1
  []
  [c_strength]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [rock_internal_energy]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2
    density = 2
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [phe]
    type = ComputePlasticHeatEnergy
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.25'
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeIncrementalSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [admissible]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticStress
    inelastic_models = mc
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneStressUpdate
    cohesion = coh
    tan_friction_angle = tanphi
    tan_dilation_angle = tanphi
    tensile_strength = t_strength
    compressive_strength = c_strength
    tip_smoother = 0
    smoothing_tol = 1
    yield_function_tol = 1E-10
    perfect_guess = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [temp]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = compressive01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_liquid_2.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowFluidState
# for conditions that give a single liquid phase, including salt as a nonlinear variable

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
  []
  [xnacl]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 5e6
    max = 8e6
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.03
    variable = zi
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.15
    variable = xnacl
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = xnacl
    fluid_component = 2
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = xnacl
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi xnacl'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e3
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s11.i)

# Test PorousFlowEnthalpySink boundary condition

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
  nz = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 11
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.125
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left_p]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    flux_function = -1
  []
  [left_T]
    # Note, there is no `fluid_phase` or `porepressure_var` prescribed, since they are passed in from the `tests` file
    type = PorousFlowEnthalpySink
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    T_in = 300
    fp = simple_fluid
    flux_function = -1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.25
  end_time = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s11
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/pls01.i)

# PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink with 1-phase, 1-component
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 0
    min = -1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2.2 0 0 0 3.3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'left'
    pt_vals = '-1 -0.5 0'
    multipliers = '1 2 4'
    variable = pp
    fluid_phase = 0
    use_relperm = true
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pls01
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/newton_cooling/nc02.i)

# Newton cooling from a bar.  1-phase steady
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1000
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pressure'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-5
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure
    function = '(2-x/100)*1E6'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e6
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pressure
    boundary = left
    value = 2E6
  []
  [newton]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 1100000 1200000 1300000 1400000 1500000 1600000 1700000 1800000 1900000 2000000'
    multipliers = '0. 5.6677197748570516e-6 0.000011931518841831313 0.00001885408740732065 0.000026504708864284114 0.000034959953203725676 0.000044304443352900224 0.00005463170211001232 0.00006604508815181467 0.00007865883048198513 0.00009259917167338928 0.00010800563134618119 0.00012503240252705603 0.00014384989486488752 0.00016464644014777016 0.00018763017719085535 0.0002130311349595711 0.00024110353477682344 0.00027212833465544285 0.00030641604122040985 0.00034430981736352295'
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [porepressure]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = pressure
    start_point = '0 0.5 0'
    end_point = '100 0.5 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 20
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = 'andy'
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol '
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 100 NONZERO 2 1E-12 1E-15'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = nc02
  execute_on = timestep_end
  exodus = false
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass09.i)

# 2phase (PS)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 2components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [sgas]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [sgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = sgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 10
    sat_lr = 0.1
    log_extension = false
    s_scale = 0.9
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux06.i)

# 1phase with MD_Gaussian (var = log(mass-density) with Gaussian capillary) formulation
# constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [md]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [md]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = -0.224 # unsaturated for md<log(density_P0=0.8)=-0.223
    variable = md
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = md
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'md'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseMD_Gaussian
    mass_density = md
    al = 1.1
    density_P0 = 0.8
    bulk_modulus = 1.5
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_twophase_nonisothermal.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowFluidState
# for nonisothermal two phase conditions, including salt as a nonlinear variable

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
    xmax = 10
    ymax = 10
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
    scaling = 1e-4
  []
  [xnacl]
  []
  [temperature]
    scaling = 1e-7
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1e6
    max = 4e6
    variable = pgas
    seed = 1
  []
  [z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.2
    max = 0.8
    variable = zi
    seed = 1
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.15
    variable = xnacl
    seed = 1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 20
    max = 80
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = xnacl
    fluid_component = 2
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = xnacl
    fluid_component = 2
  []
  [energy]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi xnacl temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e3
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1000
    density = 2500
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_nonisothermal.i)

# Two-phase nonisothermal Theis problem: Flow from single source using WaterNCG fluidstate.
# Constant rate injection 2 kg/s of cold gas into warm reservoir
# 1D cylindrical mesh
# Initially, system has only a liquid phase, until enough gas is injected
# to form a gas phase, in which case the system becomes two phase.

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    nx = 40
    xmin = 0.1
    xmax = 200
    bias_x = 1.05
  []
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 70
    scaling = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [energy]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heatadv]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
  [conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = methane
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [methane]
      type = MethaneFluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature = temperature
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [rockheat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1000
    density = 2500
  []
  [rock_thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '50 0 0  0 50 0  0 0 50'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [cold_gas]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    variable = temperature
    value = 20
  []
  [gas_injecton]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = zi
    flux_function = -0.159155
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
  []
  [righttemp]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 70
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e4
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1
    growth_factor = 1.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = pgas
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '2 0 0'
    variable = zi
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PointValue
    point = '2 0 0'
    variable = temperature
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = x1
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '2 0 0'
    variable = y0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except03.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
    at_nodes = true # Needed to force expected error
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/numerical_diffusion/no_action.i)

# Using upwinded and mass-lumped PorousFlow Kernels: this is equivalent of fully_saturated_action.i with stabilization = Full
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 101
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-1
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated.i)

# A sample is constrained on all sides, except its top
# and its boundaries are
# also impermeable.  Fluid is pumped into the sample via a
# volumetric source (ie kg/second per cubic meter), and the
# rise in the top surface, porepressure, and stress are observed.
#
# In the standard poromechanics scenario, the Biot Modulus is held
# fixed and the source has units 1/time.  Then the expected result
# is
# strain_zz = disp_z = BiotCoefficient*BiotModulus*s*t/((bulk + 4*shear/3) + BiotCoefficient^2*BiotModulus)
# porepressure = BiotModulus*(s*t - BiotCoefficient*strain_zz)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
#
# In porous_flow, however, the source has units kg/s/m^3.  The ratios remain
# fixed:
# stress_xx/strain_zz = (bulk - 2*shear/3) = 1 (for the parameters used here)
# stress_zz/strain_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3) = 4 (for the parameters used here)
# porepressure/strain_zz = 13.3333333 (for the parameters used here)
#
# Expect
# disp_z = 0.3*10*s*t/((2 + 4*1.5/3) + 0.3^2*10) = 0.612245*s*t
# porepressure = 10*(s*t - 0.3*0.612245*s*t) = 8.163265*s*t
# stress_xx = (2 - 2*1.5/3)*0.612245*s*t = 0.612245*s*t
# stress_zz = (2 + 4*shear/3)*0.612245*s*t = 2.44898*s*t
# The relationship between the constant poroelastic source
# s (m^3/second/m^3) and the PorousFlow source, S (kg/second/m^3) is
# S = fluid_density * s = s * exp(porepressure/fluid_bulk)
#
# Finally, note that the volumetric strain has
# consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
# which is needed when using the FullySaturated version of the Kernels
# in order to generate the above results
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
    coupling_type = HydroMechanical
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = '0.1*exp(8.163265306*0.1*t/3.3333333333)'
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst # the "const" is irrelevant here: all that uses Porosity is the BiotModulus, which just uses the initial value of porosity
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
    solid_bulk_compliance = 0.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [stress_xx_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_xx_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_zz_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [p_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = p_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [stress_xx_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_xx zdisp'
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_zz zdisp'
  []
  [p_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'p0 zdisp'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s10.i)

# apply a basic sink fluxes to all boundaries.
# Sink strength = S kg.m^-2.s^-1
#
# Use fully-saturated physics, with no flow
# (permeability is zero).
# Each finite element is (2m)^3 in size, and
# porosity is 0.125, so each element holds 1 m^3
# of fluid.
# With density = 10 exp(pp)
# then each element holds 10 exp(pp) kg of fluid
#
# Each boundary node that is away from other boundaries
# (ie, not on a mesh corner or edge) therefore holds
# 5 exp(pp)
# kg of fluid, which is just density * porosity * volume_of_node
#
# Each of such nodes are exposed to a sink flux of strength
# S * A
# where A is the area controlled by the node (in this case 4 m^2)
#
# So d(5 exp(pp))/dt = -4S, ie
# exp(pp) = exp(pp0) - 0.8 * S * t
#
# This is therefore similar to s01.i .  However, this test is
# run 6 times: one for each boundary.  The purpose of this is
# to ensure that the PorousFlowSink BC removes fluid from the
# correct nodes.  This is nontrivial because of the upwinding
# and storing of Material Properties at nodes.
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 5
  ny = 5
  nz = 5
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 11
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.125
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.25
  end_time = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s10
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower_2D.i)

# checking that the PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional AuxKernel works as expected in 1D+2D situation
# for the fully-saturated case (relative-permeability = 1)
# The 1_frac_in_2D_example.e has size 0.3x0.2x0, and a fracture running through its
# centre, with normal = (0, 1, 0)
# Porepressure is initialised to grad(P) = (1, 2, 0)
# Fluid_density = 2
# viscosity = 10
# relative_permeability = 1
# permeability = (5, 5, 5)  (in the bulk, measured in m^2)
# permeability = (10, 10, 10)   (in the fracture, measured in m^3)
# aperture = 0.01
# gravity = (1, 0.5, 0)
# So Darcy velocity in the bulk = (0.5, -0.5, 0)
# in the fracture grad(P) = (1, 0, 0)
# In the fracture the projected gravity vector is
# tangential_gravity = (1, 0, 0)
# So the Darcy velocity in the fracture = (100, 0, 0)

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = 1_frac_in_2D_example.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '1 0.5 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 'x+2*y'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = '2 3'
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = '2 3'
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = '2 3'
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 1
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 1
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_y
    component = y
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_z
    component = z
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
    aperture = 0.01
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_y
    component = y
    fluid_phase = 0
    aperture = 0.01
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_z
    component = z
    fluid_phase = 0
    aperture = 0.01
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1E16
      viscosity = 10
      density0 = 2
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    type = PointValue
    variable = bulk_vel_x
    point = '0 -0.05 0'
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    type = PointValue
    variable = bulk_vel_y
    point = '0 -0.05 0'
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    type = PointValue
    variable = bulk_vel_z
    point = '0 -0.05 0'
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = fracture_vel_x
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = fracture_vel_y
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = fracture_vel_z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
    block = '2 3'
  []
  [permeability_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10'
    block = 1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass01_fully_saturated.i)

# FullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 0.5
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1.0
    []
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [T]
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [T]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = T
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
    coupling_type = ThermoHydroMechanical
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
  []
  [dummyT]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = T
  []
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp disp_x disp_y disp_z T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [simple1]
    type = TensorMechanicsPlasticSimpleTester
    a = 0
    b = 1
    strength = 1E20
    yield_function_tolerance = 1.0E-9
    internal_constraint_tolerance = 1.0E-9
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeIsotropicElasticityTensor
    bulk_modulus = 2.0
    shear_modulus = 3.0
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst  # only the initial vaue of this is ever used
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 1.5
    solid_bulk_compliance = 0.5
  []
  [thermal_expansion]
    type = PorousFlowConstantThermalExpansionCoefficient
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
    fluid_coefficient = 0.5
    drained_coefficient = 0.4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/restart/gas_injection.i)

# Using the results from the equilibrium run to provide the initial condition for
# porepressure, we now inject a gas phase into the brine-saturated reservoir. In this
# example, where the mesh used is identical to the mesh used in gravityeq.i, we can use
# the basic restart capability by simply setting the initial condition for porepressure
# using the results from gravityeq.i.
#
# Even though the gravity equilibrium is established using a 2D mesh, in this example,
# we shift the mesh 0.1 m to the right and rotate it about the Y axis to make a 2D radial
# model.
#
# Methane injection takes place over the surface of the hole created by rotating the mesh,
# and hence the injection area is 2 pi r h. We can calculate this using an AreaPostprocessor,
# and then use this in a ParsedFunction to calculate the injection rate so that 10 kg/s of
# methane is injected.
#
# Results can be improved by uniformly refining the initial mesh.
#
# Note: as this example uses the results from a previous simulation, gravityeq.i MUST be
# run before running this input file.

[Mesh]
  uniform_refine = 1
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = gravityeq_out.e
  []
  [translate]
    type = TransformGenerator
    transform = TRANSLATE
    vector_value = '0.1 0 0'
    input = file
  []
[]

[Problem]
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [pp_liq]
    initial_from_file_var = porepressure
  []
  [sat_gas]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [brine_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [methane_density]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [pp_gas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [sat_liq]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp_liq
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp_liq
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = sat_gas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = sat_gas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [brine_density]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = density
    variable = brine_density
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [methane_density]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = density
    variable = methane_density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pp_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = pp_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sat_liq]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    variable = sat_liq
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [gas_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = sat_gas
    flux_function = injection_rate
    fluid_phase = 1
  []
  [brine_out]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right
    variable = pp_liq
    multipliers = '0 1e9'
    pt_vals = '0 1e9'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1e-6
    use_mobility = true
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [injection_rate]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vals = injection_area
    vars = area
    value = '-10/area'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp_liq sat_gas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1e-5
    m = 0.5
    sat_lr = 0.2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
    [methane]
      type = MethaneFluidProperties
    []
    [methane_tab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = methane
      save_file = false
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ps]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp_liq
    phase1_saturation = sat_gas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    xnacl = xnacl
    phase = 0
  []
  [methane]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    fp = methane_tab
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-13 0 0 0 1e-13 0  0 0 1e-13'
  []
  [relperm_liq]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.2
    sum_s_res = 0.3
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.3
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e8
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-06
  nl_max_its = 20
  dtmax = 1e6
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [injection_area]
    type = AreaPostprocessor
    boundary = left
    execute_on = initial
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  checkpoint = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except9.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of kinetic rate constants

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1E-6
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '1 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 1.0
    kinetic_rate_constant = '1.0e-8 1'
    activation_energy = '1.5e4'
    molar_volume = 1
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/hcs02.i)

# apply a half-cubic heat sink flux
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 2
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = temp
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_temp]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux_w]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'left'
    center = 0.1
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 2.2
    variable = temp
    flux_function = 'x*y'
  []
  [flux_g]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'top left front'
    center = 0.5
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = -2.2
    variable = temp
    flux_function = '-x*y'
  []
  [flux_1]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'right'
    center = -0.1
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 1.2
    variable = temp
    flux_function = '-1.1*x*y'
  []
  [flux_2]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'bottom'
    center = 3.2
    cutoff = -1.1
    max = 1.2
    variable = temp
    flux_function = '0.5*x*y'
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = hcs02
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/brineco2_2.i)

# Injection of supercritical CO2 into a single brine saturated cell. The CO2 initially fully
# dissolves into the brine, increasing its density slightly. After a few time steps,
# the brine is saturated with CO2, and subsequently a supercritical gas phase of CO2 saturated
# with a small amount of H2O is formed. Salt is included as a nonlinear variable.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  temperature = 30
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [z]
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    variable = z
    point = '0.5 0.5 0'
    mass_flux = 2
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
    boundary = left
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [pressure_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [density_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x0_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pressure_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_water
    property = pressure
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pressure_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pressure_gas
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_water
    property = density
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = density_gas
    property = density
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_water
    property = viscosity
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = viscosity_gas
    property = viscosity
    phase = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_water
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x0_gas
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = xnacl
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z xnacl'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 10
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [density_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = density_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [viscosity_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = viscosity_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_water]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x1_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0_gas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = x0_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pwater]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [pgas]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pressure_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [xnacl]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = xnacl
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x0mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = '0 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x1mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = '0 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [x2mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 2
    phase = '0 1'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  file_base = brineco2_2
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except09.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
    compute_enthalpy = false
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_mobility = true
    use_enthalpy = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/coal_mining/fine_with_fluid.i)

#################################################################
#
#  NOTE:
#  The mesh for this model is too large for the MOOSE repository
#  so is kept in the the large_media submodule
#
#################################################################
#
# Strata deformation and fluid flow aaround a coal mine - 3D model
#
# A "half model" is used.  The mine is 400m deep and
# just the roof is studied (-400<=z<=0).  The mining panel
# sits between 0<=x<=150, and 0<=y<=1000, so this simulates
# a coal panel that is 300m wide and 1000m long.  The outer boundaries
# are 1km from the excavation boundaries.
#
# The excavation takes 0.5 years.
#
# The boundary conditions for this simulation are:
#  - disp_x = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - disp_y = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - disp_z = 0 at z=-400, but there is a time-dependent
#               Young modulus that simulates excavation
#  - wc_x = 0 at y=-1000 and y=1000
#  - wc_y = 0 at x=0 and x=1150
#  - no flow at x=0, z=-400 and z=0
#  - fixed porepressure at y=-1000, y=1000 and x=1150
# That is, rollers on the sides, free at top,
# and prescribed at bottom in the unexcavated portion.
#
# A single-phase unsaturated fluid is used.
#
# The small strain formulation is used.
#
# All stresses are measured in MPa, and time units are measured in years.
#
# The initial porepressure is hydrostatic with P=0 at z=0, so
# Porepressure ~ - 0.01*z MPa, where the fluid has density 1E3 kg/m^3 and
# gravity = = 10 m.s^-2 = 1E-5 MPa m^2/kg.
# To be more accurate, i use
# Porepressure = -bulk * log(1 + g*rho0*z/bulk)
# where bulk=2E3 MPa and rho0=1Ee kg/m^3.
# The initial stress is consistent with the weight force from undrained
# density 2500 kg/m^3, and fluid porepressure, and a Biot coefficient of 0.7, ie,
# stress_zz^effective = 0.025*z + 0.7 * initial_porepressure
# The maximum and minimum principal horizontal effective stresses are
# assumed to be equal to 0.8*stress_zz.
#
# Material properties:
# Young's modulus = 8 GPa
# Poisson's ratio = 0.25
# Cosserat layer thickness = 1 m
# Cosserat-joint normal stiffness = large
# Cosserat-joint shear stiffness = 1 GPa
# MC cohesion = 2 MPa
# MC friction angle = 35 deg
# MC dilation angle = 8 deg
# MC tensile strength = 1 MPa
# MC compressive strength = 100 MPa
# WeakPlane cohesion = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane friction angle = 30 deg
# WeakPlane dilation angle = 10 deg
# WeakPlane tensile strength = 0.1 MPa
# WeakPlane compressive strength = 100 MPa softening to 1 MPa at strain = 1
# Fluid density at zero porepressure = 1E3 kg/m^3
# Fluid bulk modulus = 2E3 MPa
# Fluid viscosity = 1.1E-3 Pa.s = 1.1E-9 MPa.s = 3.5E-17 MPa.year
#
[GlobalParams]
  perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  Cosserat_rotations = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  biot_coefficient = 0.7
[]

[Mesh]
  [file]
    type = FileMeshGenerator
    file = fine.e
  []
  [xmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = xmin
    normal = '-1 0 0'
    input = file
  []
  [xmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = xmax
    normal = '1 0 0'
    input = xmin
  []
  [ymin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = ymin
    normal = '0 -1 0'
    input = xmax
  []
  [ymax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    new_boundary = ymax
    normal = '0 1 0'
    input = ymin
  []
  [zmax]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 30
    new_boundary = zmax
    normal = '0 0 1'
    input = ymax
  []
  [zmin]
    type = SideSetsAroundSubdomainGenerator
    block = 2
    new_boundary = zmin
    normal = '0 0 -1'
    input = zmax
  []
  [excav]
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    input = zmin
    block_id = 1
    bottom_left = '0 0 -400'
    top_right = '150 1000 -397'
  []
  [roof]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    primary_block = 3
    paired_block = 1
    input = excav
    new_boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [wc_x]
  []
  [wc_y]
  []
  [porepressure]
    scaling = 1E-5
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = ini_pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [cx_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [cy_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [cz_elastic]
    type = CosseratStressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [x_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 0
    base_name = couple
  []
  [y_couple]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    displacements = 'wc_x wc_y wc_z'
    component = 1
    base_name = couple
  []
  [x_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_x
    component = 0
  []
  [y_moment]
    type = MomentBalancing
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = wc_y
    component = 1
  []
  [gravity]
    type = Gravity
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
    value = -10E-6 # remember this is in MPa
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    use_displaced_mesh = false
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    variable = porepressure
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]


[AuxVariables]
  [saturation]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [darcy_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wc_z]
  []
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [darcy_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_x
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = x
  []
  [darcy_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_y
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = y
  []
  [darcy_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = darcy_z
    gravity = '0 0 -10E-6'
    component = z
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yx
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zx
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zy
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [total_strain_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = total_strain
    variable = total_strain_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_xx]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_xx
    row = 0
    column = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_yy]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_yy
    row = 1
    column = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [perm_zz]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_zz
    row = 2
    column = 2
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = mc_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = mc_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_shear
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_internal_parameter
    variable = wp_tensile
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 6
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [mc_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = mc_plastic_yield_function
    variable = mc_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_shear_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 0
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_shear_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [wp_tensile_f]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    index = 1
    property = wp_plastic_yield_function
    variable = wp_tensile_f
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]



[BCs]
  [no_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    boundary = zmin
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_x
    boundary = 'ymin ymax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [no_wc_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = wc_y
    boundary = 'xmin xmax'
    value = 0.0
  []
  [fix_porepressure]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = 'ymin ymax xmax'
    function = ini_pp
  []
  [roof_porepressure]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    pt_vals = '-1E3 1E3'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = roof_conductance
    boundary = roof
  []
  [roof]
    type = StickyBC
    variable = disp_z
    min_value = -3.0
    boundary = roof
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ini_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3'
    value = '-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)'
  []
  [ini_xx]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    value = '0.8*(2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk)))'
  []
  [ini_zz]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'bulk p0 g    rho0 biot'
    vals = '2E3 0.0 1E-5 1E3  0.7'
    value = '2500*10E-6*z+biot*(-bulk*log(exp(-p0/bulk)+g*rho0*z/bulk))'
  []
  [excav_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval slope'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E-9 1 10'
    # excavation face at ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)
    # slope is the distance over which the modulus reduces from maxval to minval
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)+slope,minval+(maxval-minval)*(y-(ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1)))/slope,maxval))'
  []
  [density_sideways]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax  minval maxval'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 0 2500'
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),minval,maxval)'
  []
  [roof_conductance]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'end_t ymin ymax   maxval minval'
    vals = '0.5   0    1000.0 1E7      0'
    value = 'if(y<ymin+(ymax-ymin)*min(t/end_t,1),maxval,minval)'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1 # MPa^-1
  []

  [mc_coh_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.99 # MPa
    value_residual = 2.01 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.61 # 35deg
  []
  [mc_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.15 # 8deg
  []

  [mc_tensile_str_strong_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningExponential
    value_0 = 1.0 # MPa
    value_residual = 1.0 # MPa
    rate = 1.0
  []
  [mc_compressive_str]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100 # Large!
    value_residual = 100
    internal_limit = 0.1
  []

  [wp_coh_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_tan_fric]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.26 # 15deg
  []
  [wp_tan_dil]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningConstant
    value = 0.18 # 10deg
  []

  [wp_tensile_str_harden]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 0.05
    value_residual = 0.05
    internal_limit = 10
  []
  [wp_compressive_str_soften]
    type = TensorMechanicsHardeningCubic
    value_0 = 100
    value_residual = 1
    internal_limit = 1.0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 3.5E-17
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity_for_aux]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    at_nodes = false
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    ensure_positive = true
    porosity_zero = 0.02
    solid_bulk = 5.3333E3
  []
  [porosity_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    block = 1
    porosity = 1.0
  []
  [permeability_bulk]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 1E-15
    phi0 = 0.02
    n = 2
    m = 2
  []
  [permeability_excav]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    block = 1
    permeability = '0 0 0   0 0 0   0 0 0'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 4
    s_res = 0.4
    sum_s_res = 0.4
    phase = 0
  []

  [elasticity_tensor_0]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
  []
  [elasticity_tensor_1]
    type = ComputeLayeredCosseratElasticityTensor
    block = 1
    young = 8E3 # MPa
    poisson = 0.25
    layer_thickness = 1.0
    joint_normal_stiffness = 1E9 # huge
    joint_shear_stiffness = 1E3 # MPa
    elasticity_tensor_prefactor = excav_sideways
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeCosseratIncrementalSmallStrain
    eigenstrain_names = ini_stress
  []
  [ini_stress]
    type = ComputeEigenstrainFromInitialStress
    eigenstrain_name = ini_stress
    initial_stress = 'ini_xx 0 0  0 ini_xx 0  0 0 ini_zz'
  []

  [stress_0]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    inelastic_models = 'mc wp'
    cycle_models = true
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [stress_1]
    type = ComputeMultipleInelasticCosseratStress
    block = 1
    inelastic_models = ''
    relative_tolerance = 2.0
    absolute_tolerance = 1E6
    max_iterations = 1
    tangent_operator = nonlinear
    perform_finite_strain_rotations = false
  []
  [mc]
    type = CappedMohrCoulombCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    host_youngs_modulus = 8E3
    host_poissons_ratio = 0.25
    base_name = mc
    tensile_strength = mc_tensile_str_strong_harden
    compressive_strength = mc_compressive_str
    cohesion = mc_coh_strong_harden
    friction_angle = mc_fric
    dilation_angle = mc_dil
    max_NR_iterations = 100000
    smoothing_tol = 0.1 # MPa  # Must be linked to cohesion
    yield_function_tol = 1E-9 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0
  []
  [wp]
    type = CappedWeakPlaneCosseratStressUpdate
    warn_about_precision_loss = false
    base_name = wp
    cohesion = wp_coh_harden
    tan_friction_angle = wp_tan_fric
    tan_dilation_angle = wp_tan_dil
    tensile_strength = wp_tensile_str_harden
    compressive_strength = wp_compressive_str_soften
    max_NR_iterations = 10000
    tip_smoother = 0.05
    smoothing_tol = 0.05 # MPa  # Note, this must be tied to cohesion, otherwise get no possible return at cone apex
    yield_function_tol = 1E-11 # MPa.  this is essentially the lowest possible without lots of precision loss
    perfect_guess = true
    min_step_size = 1.0E-3
  []


  [undrained_density_0]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = 2500
  []
  [undrained_density_1]
    type = GenericFunctionMaterial
    block = 1
    prop_names = density
    prop_values = density_sideways
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [SMP]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [min_roof_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_roof_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = roof
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [min_surface_disp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [min_surface_pp]
    type = NodalExtremeValue
    boundary = zmax
    value_type = min
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [max_perm_zz]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
     block = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30'
    variable = perm_zz
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient

  solve_type = 'NEWTON'

  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'

  # best overall
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
  petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'

  # best if you don't have mumps:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'

  # very basic:
  #petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  #petsc_options_value = ' bjacobi  gmres     200'

  line_search = bt

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-5

  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 30

  start_time = 0.0
  dt = 0.0025
  end_time = 0.5
[]

[Outputs]
  interval = 1
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
  console = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated_volume.i)

# A sample is constrained on all sides, except its top
# and its boundaries are
# also impermeable.  Fluid is pumped into the sample via a
# volumetric source (ie m^3/second per cubic meter), and the
# rise in the top surface, porepressure, and stress are observed.
#
# In the standard poromechanics scenario, the Biot Modulus is held
# fixed and the source has units 1/s.  Then the expected result
# is
# strain_zz = disp_z = BiotCoefficient*BiotModulus*s*t/((bulk + 4*shear/3) + BiotCoefficient^2*BiotModulus)
# porepressure = BiotModulus*(s*t - BiotCoefficient*strain_zz)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*strain_zz   (remember this is effective stress)
#
# In standard porous_flow, everything is based on mass, eg the source has
# units kg/s/m^3.  This is discussed in the other pp_generation_unconfined
# models.  In this test, we use the FullySaturated Kernel and set
# multiply_by_density = false
# meaning the fluid Kernel has units of volume, and the source, s, has units 1/time
#
# The ratios are:
# stress_xx/strain_zz = (bulk - 2*shear/3) = 1 (for the parameters used here)
# stress_zz/strain_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3) = 4 (for the parameters used here)
# porepressure/strain_zz = 13.3333333 (for the parameters used here)
#
# Expect
# disp_z = 0.3*10*s*t/((2 + 4*1.5/3) + 0.3^2*10) = 0.612245*s*t
# porepressure = 10*(s*t - 0.3*0.612245*s*t) = 8.163265*s*t
# stress_xx = (2 - 2*1.5/3)*0.612245*s*t = 0.612245*s*t
# stress_zz = (2 + 4*shear/3)*0.612245*s*t = 2.44898*s*t
#
# Finally, note that the volumetric strain has
# consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
# which is needed when using the FullySaturated version of the Kernels
# in order to generate the above results

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [confinez]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'back'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
    multiply_by_density = false
    coupling_type = HydroMechanical
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
  []
  [source]
    type = BodyForce
    function = 0.1
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst # the "const" is irrelevant here: all that uses Porosity is the BiotModulus, which just uses the initial value of porosity
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 3.3333333333
    solid_bulk_compliance = 0.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [stress_xx_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_xx_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = stress_zz_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
  [p_over_strain]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = p_over_strain_fcn
    outputs = csv
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [stress_xx_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_xx zdisp'
  []
  [stress_zz_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'stress_zz zdisp'
  []
  [p_over_strain_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = a/b
    vars = 'a b'
    vals = 'p0 zdisp'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  dt = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = pp_generation_unconfined_fully_saturated_volume
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/except2.i)

# Exception test.
# Incorrect number of phases

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
  []
  [b]
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = a
  []
  [b]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = b
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/density/GravDensity01.i)

# Trivial test of PorousFlowTotalGravitationalDensityFullySaturatedFromPorosity
# Porosity = 0.1
# Solid density = 3
# Fluid density = 2
# Fluid bulk modulus = 4
# Fluid pressure = 0
# Bulk density: rho = 3 * (1 - 0.1) + 2 * 0.1 = 2.9
# Derivative wrt fluid pressure: d_rho / d_pp = d_rho / d_rho_f * d_rho_f / d_pp
#   = phi * rho_f / B
#   where rho_f = rho_0 * exp(pp / B) is fluid density, pp is fluid pressure, phi is
#   porosity and B is fluid bulk modulus
# With pp = 0, d_rho / d_pp = phi * rho_0 / B = 0.1 * 2 / 4 = 0.05

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 0
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  # This test uses ElementalVariableValue postprocessors on specific
  # elements, so element numbering needs to stay unchanged
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 0
      bulk_modulus = 4
      density0 = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [p]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'front back'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [density]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [ddensity_dpp]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [density]
    type = MaterialRealAux
    property = density
    variable = density
  []
  [ddensity_dpp]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = ddensity_dvar
    variable = ddensity_dpp
    index = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [density]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    elementid = 0
    variable = density
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [ddensity_dpp]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    elementid = 0
    variable = ddensity_dpp
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [density]
    type = PorousFlowTotalGravitationalDensityFullySaturatedFromPorosity
    rho_s = 3
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
[]


[Outputs]
  file_base = GravDensity01
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem05.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with no temperature dependence, with one primary variable = 0 and stoichiometry > 1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/aux_kernels/darcy_velocity_lower.i)

# checking that the PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional AuxKernel works as expected
# for the fully-saturated case (relative-permeability = 1)
# The fractured_block.e has size = 10x10x10, and a fracture running through its
# centre, with normal = (0, -sin(20deg), cos(20deg))
# Porepressure is initialised to grad(P) = (0, 0, 1)
# Fluid_density = 2
# viscosity = 10
# relative_permeability = 1
# permeability = (5, 5, 5)  (in the bulk)
# permeability = (10, 10, 10)   (in the fracture)
# aperture = 1
# gravity = (1, 0.5, 0.2)
# So Darcy velocity in the bulk = (1, 0.5, -0.3)
# in the fracture grad(P) = (0, 0.3213938, 0.11697778)
# In the fracture the projected gravity vector is
# tangential_gravity = (1, 0.5057899, 0.18409245)
# So the Darcy velocity in the fracture = (2, 0.690186, 0.251207)

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = fractured_block.e
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '1 0.5 0.2'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = z
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 3
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 3
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
    block = 3
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_y
    component = y
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = bulk_vel_z
    component = z
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_x
    component = x
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_y
    component = y
    fluid_phase = 0
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponentLowerDimensional
    variable = fracture_vel_z
    component = z
    fluid_phase = 0
 []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1E16
      viscosity = 10
      density0 = 2
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bulk_vel_x]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 1
    variable = bulk_vel_x
  []
  [bulk_vel_y]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 1
    variable = bulk_vel_y
  []
  [bulk_vel_z]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 1
    variable = bulk_vel_z
  []
  [fracture_vel_x]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 3
    variable = fracture_vel_x
  []
  [fracture_vel_y]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 3
    variable = fracture_vel_y
  []
  [fracture_vel_z]
    type = ElementAverageValue
    block = 3
    variable = fracture_vel_z
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
    block = '1 2'
  []
  [permeability_fracture]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10'
    block = 3
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/PermFromPoro03.i)

# Testing permeability from porosity
# Trivial test, checking calculated permeability is correct
# k = k_anisotropic * B * exp(A * phi)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = ConstantIC
      value = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [pbase]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [perm_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poro
  []
  [perm_x]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_x
    row = 0
    column = 0
  []
  [perm_y]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_y
    row = 1
    column = 1
  []
  [perm_z]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = perm_z
    row = 2
    column = 2
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [perm_x_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_bottom]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [perm_x_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_x
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_y_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_y
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
  [perm_z_top]
    type = PointValue
    variable = perm_z
    point = '3 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    # unimportant in this fully-saturated test
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2.2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityExponential
    k_anisotropy = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 0.1'
    poroperm_function = exp_k
    A = 10
    B = 1e-8
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0 # unimportant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
  l_tol = 1E-5
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-3
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-8
  l_max_its = 200
  nl_max_its = 400

  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_asm_overlap -sub_pc_type -ksp_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = ' asm      2              lu            gmres     200'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass05.i)

# 2phase (PP)
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density for each phase, constant porosity, 3components (that exist in both phases)
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_sp0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass_sp1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [mass_sp2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_1D.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, mploying PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 1D version
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 11
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s05.i)

# apply a half-gaussian sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = y+1.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*if(pp>=0,1,pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m))'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p10 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [rate10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'if(pp>center,fcn,fcn*exp(-0.5*(pp-center)*(pp-center)/sd/sd))'
    vars = 'fcn pp  center sd'
    vals = '6   p10 0.9    0.5'
  []
  [mass10_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm10_prev  m10_rate 0.5 2E-3'
  []
  [mass11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*if(pp>=0,1,pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m))'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p11 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [rate11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'if(pp>center,fcn,fcn*exp(-0.5*(pp-center)*(pp-center)/sd/sd))'
    vars = 'fcn pp  center sd'
    vals = '6   p11 0.9    0.5'
  []
  [mass11_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm11_prev  m11_rate 0.5 2E-3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux10]
    type = PointValue
    variable = flux_out
    point = '1 0 0'
  []
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m10_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate10
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m11_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate11
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowHalfGaussianSink
    boundary = 'right'
    max = 6
    sd = 0.5
    center = 0.9
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 2E-3
  end_time = 6E-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s05
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
    interval = 5
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    interval = 3
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem14.i)

# Check derivatives of PorousFlowPorosity with chemical=true
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 0.987
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc0]
    initial_condition = 0.111
  []
  [ini_sec_conc1]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative # this is rather irrelevant: we just want something with Porosity in it
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    at_nodes = true
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = a
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = 1
    reactions = '1E-10
                 2E-10'  # so that mass_frac = a
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '-44.4E-2 -12E-2'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '0.678 0.7'
    activation_energy = '4.4 3.3'
    molar_volume = '3.3 2.2'
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1'
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    at_nodes = true
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    chemical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    reference_chemistry = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1'
    initial_mineral_concentrations = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1'
    chemical_weights = '1.111 0.888' # so derivatives of porosity are big
    at_nodes = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux12.i)

# 1phase, 3components, constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, FLAC relative perm with a cubic, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with VG
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
  [massfrac1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1.0
    max = 0.0
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [massfrac1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1 # small so that most effective saturations are close to 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityFLAC
    m = 10
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dispersion/disp01_heavy.i)

# Test dispersive part of PorousFlowDispersiveFlux kernel by setting diffusion
# coefficients to zero. A pressure gradient is applied over the mesh to give a
# uniform velocity. Gravity is set to zero.
# Mass fraction is set to 1 on the left hand side and 0 on the right hand side.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 200
  xmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
  compute_enthalpy = false
  compute_internal_energy = false
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [velocity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [velocity]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityComponent
    variable = velocity
    component = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = pic
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = massfrac0
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [pic]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 1.1e5-x*1e3
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [xleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = left
  []
  [xright]
    type = DirichletBC
    value = 0
    variable = massfrac0
    boundary = right
  []
  [pright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 1e5
  []
  [pleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1.1e5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = pp
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0.2
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0.2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 0.001
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = massfrac0
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.3
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '0 0'
    tortuosity = 0.1
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9 0 0 0 1e-9'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 1e3
  dtmax = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    growth_factor = 1.5
    cutback_factor = 0.5
    dt = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [xmass]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = id
    variable = massfrac0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient
# using the PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase Kernel
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p005]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '5 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p015]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '15 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p025]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '25 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p035]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '35 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p045]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '45 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p055]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '55 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p065]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '65 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p075]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '75 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p085]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '85 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p095]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '95 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_fully_saturated
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/pffltvd_2D.i)

# Using flux-limited TVD advection ala Kuzmin and Turek, employing PorousFlow Kernels and UserObjects, with superbee flux-limiter
# 3D version
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 4
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '1 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 1
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0.5 0'
    num_points = 11
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 6
  dt = 6E-2
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-8
  timestep_tolerance = 1E-3
[]

[Outputs]
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_advection/heat_advection_1d_KT.i)

# 1phase, heat advecting with a moving fluid
# Using the Kuzmin-Turek stabilization scheme
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 50
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = '1-x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [pp0]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 1
  []
  [pp1]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
  [spit_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = left
    value = 300
  []
  [suck_heat]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = right
    value = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_dot]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [fluid_advection]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = pp
    advective_flux_calculator = fluid_advective_flux
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = temp
    advective_flux_calculator = heat_advective_flux
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.6
    alpha = 1.3
  []
  [fluid_advective_flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturated
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
  [heat_advective_flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedHeat
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 100
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 4.4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [PS]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 0.6
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [T]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 51
    sort_by = x
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = heat_advection_1d_KT
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.6'
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poro_elasticity/terzaghi_fully_saturated_volume.i)

# Terzaghi's problem of consolodation of a drained medium
# The FullySaturated Kernels are used, with multiply_by_density = false
# so that this becomes a linear problem with constant Biot Modulus
# Also, since the FullySaturated Kernels are used, we have to
# use consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false in the calculation of volumetric strain
#
# A saturated soil sample sits in a bath of water.
# It is constrained on its sides, and bottom.
# Its sides and bottom are also impermeable.
# Initially it is unstressed.
# A normal stress, q, is applied to the soil's top.
# The soil then slowly compresses as water is squeezed
# out from the sample from its top (the top BC for
# the porepressure is porepressure = 0).
#
# See, for example.  Section 2.2 of the online manuscript
# Arnold Verruijt "Theory and Problems of Poroelasticity" Delft University of Technology 2013
# but note that the "sigma" in that paper is the negative
# of the stress in TensorMechanics
#
# Here are the problem's parameters, and their values:
# Soil height.  h = 10
# Soil's Lame lambda.  la = 2
# Soil's Lame mu, which is also the Soil's shear modulus.  mu = 3
# Soil bulk modulus.  K = la + 2*mu/3 = 4
# Soil confined compressibility.  m = 1/(K + 4mu/3) = 0.125
# Soil bulk compliance.  1/K = 0.25
# Fluid bulk modulus.  Kf = 8
# Fluid bulk compliance.  1/Kf = 0.125
# Fluid mobility (soil permeability/fluid viscosity).  k = 1.5
# Soil initial porosity.  phi0 = 0.1
# Biot coefficient.  alpha = 0.6
# Soil initial storativity, which is the reciprocal of the initial Biot modulus.  S = phi0/Kf + (alpha - phi0)(1 - alpha)/K = 0.0625
# Consolidation coefficient.  c = k/(S + alpha^2 m) = 13.95348837
# Normal stress on top.  q = 1
# Initial porepressure, resulting from instantaneous application of q, assuming corresponding instantaneous increase of porepressure (Note that this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  p0 = alpha*m*q/(S + alpha^2 m) = 0.69767442
# Initial vertical displacement (down is positive), resulting from instantaneous application of q (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uz0 = q*m*h*S/(S + alpha^2 m)
# Final vertical displacement (down in positive) (Note this is calculated by MOOSE: we only need it for the analytical solution).  uzinf = q*m*h
#
# The solution for porepressure is
# P = 4*p0/\pi \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{2k-1} \cos ((2k-1)\pi z/(2h)) \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))
# This series converges very slowly for ct/h^2 small, so in that domain
# P = p0 erf( (1-(z/h))/(2 \sqrt(ct/h^2)) )
#
# The degree of consolidation is defined as
# U = (uz - uz0)/(uzinf - uz0)
# where uz0 and uzinf are defined above, and
# uz = the vertical displacement of the top (down is positive)
# U = 1 - (8/\pi^2)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2k-1)^2} \exp(-(2k-1)^2 \pi^2 ct/(4 h^2))

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 10
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [topdrained]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 0
    boundary = front
  []
  [topload]
    type = NeumannBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = -1
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedMassTimeDerivative
    coupling_type = HydroMechanical
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    multiply_by_density = false
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    multiply_by_density = false
    variable = porepressure
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 8
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 0.96
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 2 + 2*3/3 = 4
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure_qp]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    consistent_with_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst # only the initial value of this is used
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [biot_modulus]
    type = PorousFlowConstantBiotModulus
    biot_coefficient = 0.6
    fluid_bulk_modulus = 8
    solid_bulk_compliance = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.5 0 0   0 1.5 0   0 0 1.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p1]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 1'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p2]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 2'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p3]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 3'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p4]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 4'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p5]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 5'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p6]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 6'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p7]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 7'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p8]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 8'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p9]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 9'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [p99]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = porepressure
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 10'
    variable = disp_z
    use_displaced_mesh = false
  []
  [dt]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    outputs = console
    function = if(0.5*t<0.1,0.5*t,0.1)
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  start_time = 0
  end_time = 10
  [TimeStepper]
    type = PostprocessorDT
    postprocessor = dt
    dt = 0.0001
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = terzaghi_fully_saturated_volume
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except10.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
    compute_internal_energy = false
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = bh02.bh
    use_mobility = true
    use_internal_energy = true
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/except10.i)

# Exception testing: S_gr_max too large
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = pp
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseHysP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 10.0
    n_d = 1.9
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.9
    Pc_max = 3.0
    porepressure = pp
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01c.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, 2-component, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability
# fully saturated with fully-saturated Kernel
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx
# NOTE: the numerics described by this input file is quite delicate.  Firstly, the steady-state solution does not depend on the mass-fraction distribution, so the mass-fraction variable can assume any values (with the constraint that its integral is the same as the initial condition).  Secondly, because the PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow does no upwinding, the steady-state porepressure distribution can contain non-physical oscillations.  The solver choice and mesh choice used below mean the result is as expected, but changing these can produce different results.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
  [frac]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = pp
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = frac
    fluid_component = 1
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1.2 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp frac'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = frac
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_factor_shift_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'NONZERO'
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = fully_saturated_grav01c
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/poroperm/poro_tm.i)

# Test that porosity is correctly calculated.
# Porosity = 1 + (phi0 - 1) * exp(-vol_strain + thermal_exp_coeff * (temperature - ref_temperature))
# The parameters used are:
# phi0 = 0.5
# vol_strain = 0.5
# thermal_exp_coeff = 0.5
# temperature = 4
# ref_temperature = 3.5
# which yield porosity = 0.610599608464
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 4
  []
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '0.5 * x'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [dummy_t]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [dummy_x]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [dummy_y]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [dummy_z]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = disp_z
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [porosity]
    type = PointValue
    variable = porosity
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    ensure_positive = false
    porosity_zero = 0.5
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.5
    reference_temperature = 3.5
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Transient
  num_steps = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/block_restricted_materials.i)

# Tests that the actions to automatically add PorousFlowJoiner's and the correct
# qp or nodal version of each material work as expected when a material is block
# restricted. Tests both phase dependent properties (like relative permeability)
# as well as phase-independent materials (like porosity)

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Mesh]
  [gen]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    ny = 2
  []
  [subdomain0]
    input = gen
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0 0'
    top_right = '1 0.5 0'
    block_id = 0
  []
  [subdomain1]
    input = subdomain0
    type = SubdomainBoundingBoxGenerator
    bottom_left = '0 0.5 0'
    top_right = '1 1 0'
    block_id = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [p1]
    initial_condition = 1.1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kl]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kg]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = porosity
  []
  [kl]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    variable = kl
    phase = 0
  []
  [kg]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    variable = kg
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = p0
  []
  [p1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = p1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
    [fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_porepressure = p1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [krl0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 0.7
    phase = 0
    block = 0
  []
  [krg0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 0.8
    phase = 1
    block = 0
  []
  [krl1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 0.5
    phase = 0
    block = 1
  []
  [krg1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    kr = 0.4
    phase = 1
    block = 1
  []
  [perm]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1'
  []
  [fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [porosity0]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    block = 0
  []
  [porosity1]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
    block = 1
  []
[]


[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 p1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s06.i)

# apply a half-cubic sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = x*(y+1)
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*if(pp>=0,1,pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m))'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p10 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [rate10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*if(pp>center,m,if(pp<themin,0,m/c/c/c*(2*(pp-center)+c)*((pp-center)-c)*((pp-center)-c)))'
    vars = 'm fcn pp  center sd  themin c'
    vals = '2 3   p10 0.9    0.5 0.1   -0.8'
  []
  [mass10_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm10_prev  m10_rate 0.5 2E-3'
  []
  [mass11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*if(pp>=0,1,pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m))'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p11 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [rate11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*if(pp>center,m,if(pp<themin,0,m/c/c/c*(2*(pp-center)+c)*((pp-center)-c)*((pp-center)-c)))'
    vars = 'm fcn pp  center sd  themin c'
    vals = '2 3   p11 0.9    0.5 0.1   -0.8'
  []
  [mass11_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm11_prev  m11_rate 0.5 2E-3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux00]
    type = PointValue
    variable = flux_out
    point = '0 0 0'
  []
  [flux01]
    type = PointValue
    variable = flux_out
    point = '0 1 0'
  []
  [flux10]
    type = PointValue
    variable = flux_out
    point = '1 0 0'
  []
  [flux11]
    type = PointValue
    variable = flux_out
    point = '1 1 0'
  []
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m10_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate10
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m11_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate11
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowHalfCubicSink
    boundary = 'left right'
    max = 2
    cutoff = -0.8
    center = 0.9
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 3
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 2E-3
  end_time = 6E-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s06
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
    interval = 5
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    interval = 3
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s09.i)

# Apply a piecewise-linear sink flux to the right-hand side and watch fluid flow to it
#
# This test has a single phase with two components.  The test initialises with
# the porous material fully filled with component=1.  The left-hand side is fixed
# at porepressure=1 and mass-fraction of the zeroth component being unity.
# The right-hand side has a very strong piecewise-linear flux that keeps the
# porepressure~0 at that side.  Fluid mass is extracted by this flux in proportion
# to the fluid component mass fraction.
#
# Therefore, the zeroth fluid component will flow from left to right (down the
# pressure gradient).
#
# The important DE is
# porosity * dc/dt = (perm / visc) * grad(P) * grad(c)
# which is true for c = mass-fraction, and very large bulk modulus of the fluid.
# For grad(P) constant in time and space (as in this example) this is just the
# advection equation for c, with velocity = perm / visc / porosity.  The parameters
# are chosen to velocity = 1 m/s.
# In the numerical world, and especially with full upwinding, the advection equation
# suffers from diffusion.  In this example, the diffusion is obvious when plotting
# the mass-fraction along the line, but the average velocity of the front is still
# correct at 1 m/s.
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp frac'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [frac]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = 1-x
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = frac
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = frac
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e10 # need large in order for constant-velocity advection
      density0 = 1 # almost irrelevant, except that the ability of the right BC to keep P fixed at zero is related to density_P0
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 11
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = frac
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1.1 0 0 0 1.1 0 0 0 1.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2 # irrelevant in this fully-saturated situation
    phase = 0
  []
[]


[BCs]
  [lhs_fixed_a]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = frac
    value = 1
  []
  [lhs_fixed_b]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = pp
    value = 1
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '-100 100'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    variable = frac # the zeroth comonent
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1E4
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    pt_vals = '-100 100'
    multipliers = '-1 1'
    variable = pp # comonent 1
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 1E4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-2
  end_time = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [mf]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 100
    sort_by = x
    variable = frac
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s09
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_times = '0.1 0.5 1'
    sync_only = true
  []
  interval = 10
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat03.i)

# The sample is a single unit element, with roller BCs on the sides
# and bottom.  A constant displacement is applied to the top: disp_z = -0.01*t.
# There is no fluid flow or heat flow.
# Heat energy conservation is checked.
#
# Under these conditions (here L is the height of the sample: L=1 in this case):
# porepressure = porepressure(t=0) - (Fluid bulk modulus)*log(1 - 0.01*t)
# stress_xx = (bulk - 2*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# stress_zz = (bulk + 4*shear/3)*disp_z/L (remember this is effective stress)
# Also, the total heat energy must be conserved: this is
# fluid_mass * fluid_heat_cap * temperature + (1 - porosity) * rock_density * rock_heat_cap * temperature * volume
# Since fluid_mass is conserved, and volume = (1 - 0.01*t), this can be solved for temperature:
# temperature = initial_heat_energy / (fluid_mass * fluid_heat_cap + (1 - porosity) * rock_density * rock_heat_cap * (1 - 0.01*t))
#
# Parameters:
# Bulk modulus = 2
# Shear modulus = 1.5
# fluid bulk modulus = 0.5
# initial porepressure = 0.1
# initial temperature = 10
#
# Desired output:
# zdisp = -0.01*t
# p0 = 0.1 - 0.5*log(1-0.01*t)
# stress_xx = stress_yy = -0.01*t
# stress_zz = -0.04*t
# t0 =  11.5 / (0.159 + 0.99 * (1 - 0.01*t))
#
# Regarding the "log" - it comes from preserving fluid mass
#
# Note that the PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion and PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion Kernels are used
# Note too that the Postprocessors have use_displaced_mesh = true
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -0.5
  xmax = 0.5
  ymin = -0.5
  ymax = 0.5
  zmin = -0.5
  zmax = 0.5
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  block = 0
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 10
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [confinex]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [confiney]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'bottom top'
  []
  [basefixed]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = back
  []
  [top_velocity]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    function = -0.01*t
    boundary = front
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [poro_x]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [poro_y]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [poro_z]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveStressCoupling
    biot_coefficient = 0.3
    component = 2
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [poro_vol_exp]
    type = PorousFlowMassVolumetricExpansion
    variable = pp
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [poro_vol_exp_temp]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [stress_xx]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_xz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yy]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_yz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [stress_zz]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [stress_xx]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xx
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 0
  []
  [stress_xy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xy
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_xz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_xz
    index_i = 0
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yy
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 1
  []
  [stress_yz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_yz
    index_i = 1
    index_j = 2
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = RankTwoAux
    rank_two_tensor = stress
    variable = stress_zz
    index_i = 2
    index_j = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp pp disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '1 1.5'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 1 + 2*1.5/3 = 2
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [eff_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.5 0 0   0 0.5 0   0 0 0.5'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
  []
  [t0]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = 'console csv'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = temp
  []
  [zdisp]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0.5'
    use_displaced_mesh = false
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [stress_xx]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_xx
  []
  [stress_yy]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_yy
  []
  [stress_zz]
    type = PointValue
    outputs = csv
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = stress_zz
  []
  [fluid_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
  [fluid_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
    include_porous_skeleton = false
    phase = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
    use_displaced_mesh = true
    outputs = 'console csv'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-14 1E-8 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 2
  end_time = 10
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = heat03
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/flow_through_fractured_media/fine_thick_fracture_steady.i)

# Using a single-dimensional mesh
# Steady-state porepressure distribution along a fracture in a porous matrix
# This is used to initialise the transient solute-transport simulation
[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  # The gold mesh is used to reduce the number of large files in the MOOSE repository.
  # The porepressure is not read from the gold mesh
  file = 'gold/fine_thick_fracture_steady_out.e'
  block_id = '1 2 3'
  block_name = 'fracture matrix1 matrix2'

  boundary_id = '1 2'
  boundary_name = 'bottom top'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = ConstantIC
    variable = pp
    value = 1e6
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [ptop]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary =  top
    value = 1e6
  []
  [pbottom]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = bottom
    value = 1.002e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability1]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
  permeability = '3e-8 0 0 0 3e-8 0 0 0 3e-8' # the true permeability is used without scaling by aperture
    block = 'fracture'
  []
  [permeability2]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20 0 0 0 1e-20'
    block = 'matrix1 matrix2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [mumps_is_best_for_parallel_jobs]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2             '
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON

# controls for nonlinear iterations
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-9
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-10
[]


[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp04.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 2e1
    min = 1e1
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.2
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.2
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1'
    tortuosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/brineco2_liquid.i)

# Tests correct calculation of properties derivatives in PorousFlowFluidState
# for conditions that give a single liquid phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
  []
  [zi]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 5e6
    max = 8e6
    variable = pgas
  []
  [z_liquid]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 0.01
    max = 0.03
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [adv0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [adv1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = zi
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    pc_max = 1e4
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowBrineCO2
    brine_fp = brine
    co2_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [brine]
      type = BrineFluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [brineco2]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    xnacl = xnacl
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sgas_min]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = min
  []
  [sgas_max]
    type = ElementExtremeValue
    variable = sgas
    value_type = max
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection6.i)

# Basic advection with 2 porepressure as PorousFlow variables
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
  [P0]
  []
  [P1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P0
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [P1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = P1
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_P0]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P0
  []
  [dummy_P1]
    type = NullKernel
    variable = P1
  []
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'P0 P1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1
    m = 0.6
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 3
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 4
      density0 = 3
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 130.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = P0
    phase1_porepressure = P1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [effective_fluid_pressure]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    fluid = true
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityKozenyCarman
    poroperm_function = kozeny_carman_phi0
    k0 = 5
    m = 2
    n = 2
    phi0 = 0.1
  []
  [relperm0_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm1_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.0
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/h2o.i)

# Test the density and viscosity calculated by the water Material
# Region 1 density
# Pressure 80 MPa
# Temperature 300K (26.85C)
# Water density should equal 1.0 / 0.971180894e-3 = 1029.7 kg/m^3 (IAPWS IF97)
# Water viscosity should equal 0.00085327 Pa.s (NIST webbook)
# Results are within expected accuracy

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 80e6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    fp = water
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = temp
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = h2o
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/strain_at_nearest_qp.i)

# Demonstrates the correct usage of strain_at_nearest_qp when using a nodal PorousFlowPorosity
# For the PorousFlowPorosity Material to require the strain_at_nearest_qp=true flag, it must:
#  - be a nodal Material
#  - be coupled to solid mechanics (mechanical=true)
#  - be part of a simulation with DiracKernels
# The reason for this requirement is that the volumetric strain is a standard Material (at_nodes=false)
# so that it is evaluated at the single Dirac quadpoint, and has size = 1 (assuming just one Dirac point).
# However, the PorousFlowPorosity Material will have size = 2  (number of nodes in the element containing the Dirac point).
# So when the PorousFlowPorosity Material is evaluated, it will use _vol_strain at 2 points.
# If strain_at_nearest_qp=false, then _vol_strain will be evaluated at two quadpoints, but it only has size=1, leading to a segfault
# If strain_at_nearest_qp=true, then _vol_strain will be evaluated correctly just at the single quadpoint
#
# This input file solves no useful physics: it is just illustrating the above point
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  strain_at_nearest_qp = true
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'disp_x'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [dummy_sum]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [line_sink]
    type = PorousFlowPolyLineSink
    function_of = temperature
    SumQuantityUO = dummy_sum
    point_file = strain_at_nearest_qp.bh
    p_or_t_vals = '0'
    fluxes = '0'
    variable = disp_x
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature  # needed because of the PorousFlowPolyLineSink
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
    displacements = disp_x
  []
  [porosity_at_nodes]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    mechanical = true # to ensure coupling with volumetric strain
    at_nodes = true  # to ensure evaluation at nodes
    porosity_zero = 0
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  dt = 1
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/dissolution_limited.i)

# The dissolution reaction, with limited initial mineral concentration
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using mineral_density = fluid_density, theta = 1 = eta, the DE is
#
# a' = -(mineral / porosity)' = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is positive for a < 0.25, ie dissolution for a(t=0) < 0.25
#
# The solution of the DE is
# a = eqm_const / act_coeff + (a(t=0) - eqm_const / act_coeff) exp(-rate * surf_area * molar_vol * act_coeff * t / eqm_const)
#   = 0.25 + (a(t=0) - 0.25) exp(-4 * t)
# c = c(t=0) - (a - a(t=0)) * porosity
#
# However, c(t=0) is small, so that the reaction only works until c=0, then a and c both remain fixed
#
# This test checks that (a + c / porosity) is time-independent, and that a follows the above solution, until c=0 and thereafter remains fixed.
#
# Aside:
#    The exponential curve is not followed exactly because moose actually solves
#    (a - a_old)/dt = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#    which does not give an exponential exactly, except in the limit dt->0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.05
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [pressure]
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.015
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [should_be_static]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'mineral a'
    function = 'a + mineral / 0.1'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [pre_dis]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [mass_frac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = a
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [a]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = a
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  interval = 10
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heat_conduction/no_fluid.i)

# 0phase heat conduction.
# apply a boundary condition of T=300 to a bar that
# is initially at T=200, and observe the expected
# error-function response
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 200
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [thermal_conductivity]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityIdeal
    dry_thermal_conductivity = '2.2 0 0  0 0 0  0 0 0'
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 300
    variable = temp
  []
[]


[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E1
  end_time = 1E2
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [t000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [t100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = temp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = no_fluid
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/adaptivity/hex_adaptivity.i)

[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 3
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
  []
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = UniformMarker
      mark = REFINE
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = 'dictator'
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = '0'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'left'
    value = 1
  []
  [right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'right'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = 'pp'
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3 0 0 0 1e-3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [numdofs]
    type = NumDOFs
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 4
  dt = 1
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'final'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  show = pp
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except01.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12 0 0 0 1E-12'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 1
    point_file = bh02.bh
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem13.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with three primary variables and four reactions, and some zero concnetrations
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [c]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1.999
  []
  [eqm_k2]
    initial_condition = 0.789
  []
  [eqm_k3]
    initial_condition = 1.111
  []
  [ini_sec_conc0]
    initial_condition = 0.02
  []
  [ini_sec_conc1]
    initial_condition = 0.04
  []
  [ini_sec_conc2]
    initial_condition = 0.06
  []
  [ini_sec_conc3]
    initial_condition = 0.08
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = '1E10 2E10 3E10 4E10'
    stoichiometry = '1 1 2 0'
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = '1.1E10 2.2E10 3.3E10 4.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '2 -2 0 0.5'
  []
  [c]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = c
    mineral_density = '0.1E10 0.2E10 0.3E10 0.4E10'
    stoichiometry = '3 -3 0 1'
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b c temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 4
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 4
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b c'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b c'
    num_reactions = 4
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1 eqm_k2 eqm_k3'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8 0.9'
    reactions = '0.5 2 3
                 1.5 -2 3
                 2 0 0
                 0 0.5 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '-44.4E-2 22.1E-2 32.1E-1 -50E-2'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '0.678 0.999 1.23 0.3'
    activation_energy = '4.4 3.3 4.5 4.0'
    molar_volume = '3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6'
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = '1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9'
    eta_exponent = '1.2 1.01 1.1 1.2'
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = 'ini_sec_conc0 ini_sec_conc1 ini_sec_conc2 ini_sec_conc3'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/injection_production_eg.i)

# phase = 0 is liquid phase
# phase = 1 is gas phase
# fluid_component = 0 is water
# fluid_component = 1 is CO2

# Constant rate of CO2 injection into the left boundary
# 1D mesh
# The PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSinks remove the correct water and CO2 from the right boundary

# Note i take pretty big timesteps here so the system is quite nonlinear

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmax = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [frac_water_in_liquid]
    initial_condition = 1.0
  []
  [frac_water_in_gas]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 20E6
  []
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20.1E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas pwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    alpha = 1E-6
    m = 0.6
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [true_water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_water]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_water
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      interpolated_properties = 'density viscosity enthalpy internal_energy'
      fluid_property_file = water97_tabulated_11.csv
    []
    [true_co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated_co2]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = true_co2
      temperature_min = 275
      pressure_max = 1E8
      interpolated_properties = 'density viscosity enthalpy internal_energy'
      fluid_property_file = co2_tabulated_11.csv
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 293.15
  []
  [saturation_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'frac_water_in_liquid frac_water_in_gas'
  []
  [water]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_water
    phase = 0
  []
  [co2]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = tabulated_co2
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBC
    nw_phase = true
    lambda = 2
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [co2_injection]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = left
    variable = pgas # pgas is associated with the CO2 mass balance (fluid_component = 1 in its Kernels)
    flux_function = -1E-2 # negative means a source, rather than a sink
  []

  [right_water]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right

    # a sink of water, since the Kernels given to pwater are for fluid_component = 0 (the water)
    variable = pwater

    # this Sink is a function of liquid porepressure
    # Also, all the mass_fraction, mobility and relperm are referenced to the liquid phase now
    fluid_phase = 0

    # Sink strength = (Pwater - 20E6)
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E9'
    PT_shift = 20E6

    # multiply Sink strength computed above by mass fraction of water at the boundary
    mass_fraction_component = 0

    # also multiply Sink strength by mobility of the liquid
    use_mobility = true

    # also multiply Sink strength by the relperm of the liquid
    use_relperm = true

    # also multiplly Sink strength by 1/L, where L is the distance to the fixed-porepressure external environment
    flux_function = 10 # 1/L
  []

  [right_co2]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = right
    variable = pgas
    fluid_phase = 1
    pt_vals = '0 1E9'
    multipliers = '0 1E9'
    PT_shift = 20.1E6
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    use_relperm = true
    flux_function = 10 # 1/L
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = 'basic'
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu NONZERO 2'
  []
  [preferred]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = 'lu mumps'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-13
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-10
  end_time = 1e4
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1E4
    growth_factor = 1.1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pps]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '20 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'pgas pwater saturation_gas'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  [out]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/fully_saturated_grav01a.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established
# 1phase, constant fluid-bulk, constant viscosity, constant permeability
# fully saturated
# For better agreement with the analytical solution (ana_pp), just increase nx

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 0
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = RandomIC
      min = 0
      max = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyBase
    variable = pp
    gravity = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [ana_pp]
    type = ParsedFunction
    vars = 'g B p0 rho0'
    vals = '1 1.2 0 1'
    value = '-B*log(exp(-p0/B)+g*rho0*x/B)' # expected pp at base
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = right
    value = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.2
      density0 = 1
      viscosity = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pp_base]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
  [pp_analytical]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = ana_pp
    point = '-1 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = fully_saturated_grav01a
  [csv]
    type = CSV
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp02.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the dispersive contribution to the diffusive component of
# the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux kernel along with a non-zero diffusion.
# By setting disp_long and disp_trans to the same non-zero value, the purely
# dispersive component of the flux is zero, and the only flux is due to diffusion
# and its contribution from disp_trans.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 2e1
    min = 1e1
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.1
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.1
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1'
    tortuosity = '0.1'
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/buckley_leverett/bl01.i)

# Buckley-Leverett 1-phase.
# The front starts at (around) x=5, and at t=50 it should
# have moved to x=9.6.  The version below has a nonzero
# suction function, and at t=50, the front sits between
# (about) x=9.6 and x=9.9.  Changing the van-Genuchten
# al parameter to 1E-4 softens the front so it sits between
# (about) x=9.7 and x=10.4, and the simulation runs much faster.
# With al=1E-2 and nx=600, the front sits between x=9.6 and x=9.8,
# but takes about 100 times longer to run.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 150
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 15
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  compute_enthalpy = false
  compute_internal_energy = false
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    [InitialCondition]
      type = FunctionIC
      function = 'max((1000000-x/5*1000000)-20000,-20000)'
    []
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = left
    value = 980000
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    variable = sat
    execute_on = timestep_end
    index = 0
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.8
    alpha = 1e-3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e6
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-10 0 0  0 1E-10 0  0 0 1E-10'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.15
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = andy
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 20'
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [timestepper]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    x = '0    0.01 0.1 1   1.5 2   20  30  40  50'
    y = '0.01 0.1  0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 50
  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = timestepper
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '15 0 0'
    num_points = 150
    sort_by = x
    variable = pp
  []
  [sat]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '15 0 0'
    num_points = 150
    sort_by = x
    variable = sat
  []
[]


[Outputs]
  file_base = bl01
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
    sync_times = '0.01 50'
  []
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/disp03.i)

# Test the Jacobian of the dispersive contribution to the PorousFlowDisperiveFlux
# kernel by setting the diffusive component to zero (tortuosity = 0).

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [massfrac0]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    max = 2e1
    min = 1e1
  []
  [massfrac0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac0
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff0]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.2
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
  [diff1]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '1 0 0'
    disp_long = 0.2
    disp_trans = 0.1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e7
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [poro]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    diffusion_coeff = '1e-2 1e-1'
    tortuosity = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = smp
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/flux_limited_TVD_pflow/except05.i)

# Exception test: Dictator cannot determine the FEType and it is not properly specified in the AdvectiveFluxCalculator
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  gravity = '1 2 3'
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
  [cm]
    family = Monomial
    order = constant
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [cm]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = cm
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[PorousFlowUnsaturated]
  porepressure = pp
  mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  fp = the_simple_fluid
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dummy_dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp cm'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturated
    PorousFlowDictator = dummy_dictator
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 3'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s07.i)

# apply a sink flux on just one component of a 3-component system and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp frac0 frac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [frac0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [frac1]
    initial_condition = 0.6
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = y
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = frac0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = frac1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'frac0 frac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass1_00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'frac*vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'frac  vol  por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = 'f1_00 0.25 0.1 1.1  p00 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [expected_mass_change1_00]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'frac*fcn*area*dt'
    vars = 'frac fcn area dt'
    vals = 'f1_00 6  0.5  1E-3'
  []
  [mass1_00_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm1_00_prev  del_m1_00'
  []
  [mass1_01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'frac*vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)*pow(1+pow(-al*pp,1.0/(1-m)),-m)'
    vars = 'frac  vol  por dens0 pp bulk al m'
    vals = 'f1_01 0.25 0.1 1.1  p01 1.3 1.1 0.5'
  []
  [expected_mass_change1_01]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'frac*fcn*area*dt'
    vars = 'frac fcn area dt'
    vals = 'f1_01 6  0.5  1E-3'
  []
  [mass1_01_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-mass_change'
    vars = 'mass_prev mass_change'
    vals = 'm1_01_prev  del_m1_01'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [f1_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = frac1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [flux_00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = flux_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_00_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m1_00]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change1_00
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m1_00_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_00_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [f1_01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = frac1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [flux_01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = flux_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_01
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m1_01_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_01
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [del_m1_01]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = expected_mass_change1_01
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m1_01_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass1_01_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [f1_11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = frac1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [flux_11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = flux_out
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = 'left'
    variable = frac1
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 6
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 0.01
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s07
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/recover/theis.i)

# Tests that PorousFlow can successfully recover using a checkpoint file.
# This test contains stateful material properties, adaptivity and integrated
# boundary conditions with nodal-sized materials.
#
# This test file is run three times:
# 1) The full input file is run to completion
# 2) The input file is run for half the time and checkpointing is included
# 3) The input file is run in recovery using the checkpoint data
#
# The final output of test 3 is compared to the final output of test 1 to verify
# that recovery was successful.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
  xmax = 100
  bias_x = 1.05
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Adaptivity]
  marker = marker
  max_h_level = 4
  [Indicators]
    [front]
      type = GradientJumpIndicator
      variable = zi
    []
  []
  [Markers]
    [marker]
      type = ErrorFractionMarker
      indicator = front
      refine = 0.8
      coarsen = 0.2
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [aquifer]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = pgas
    boundary = right
    pt_vals = '0 1e8'
    multipliers = '0 1e8'
    flux_function = 1e-6
    PT_shift = 20e6
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 2
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 2e2
  dt = 50
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'pgas zi'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/reservoir_model/regular_grid.i)

# SPE 10 comparative problem - model 1
# Data and description from https://www.spe.org/web/csp/datasets/set01.htm
# Simple input file that just establishes gravity equilibrium in the model
#
# Heterogeneous permeability is included by reading data from an external file
# using the PiecewiseMultilinear function, and saving that data to an elemental
# AuxVariable that is then used in PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 100
  ny = 20
  xmax = 762
  ymax = 15.24
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -9.81 0'
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [perm_md_fcn]
    type = PiecewiseMultilinear
    data_file = spe10_case1.data
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [top]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 20e6
    boundary = top
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
  [xnacl]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [porosity]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [perm_md]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [perm]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = porepressure
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [perm_md]
    type = FunctionAux
    function = perm_md_fcn
    variable = perm_md
    execute_on = initial
  []
  [perm]
    type = ParsedAux
    variable = perm
    args = perm_md
    function = '9.869233e-16*perm_md'
    execute_on = initial
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = porepressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
    [watertab]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = water
      save_file = false
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [ps]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = porepressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [brine]
    type = PorousFlowBrine
    compute_enthalpy = false
    compute_internal_energy = false
    xnacl = xnacl
    phase = 0
    water_fp = watertab
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = porosity
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = perm
    perm_yy = perm
    perm_zz = perm
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e5
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
  nl_rel_tol = 1e-06
  steady_state_detection = true
  steady_state_tolerance = 1e-12
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e2
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/waterncg_ic.i)

# Tests correct calculation of z (total mass fraction of NCG summed over all
# phases) using the PorousFlowFluidStateIC initial condition. Once z is
# calculated by the initial condition, the thermophysical properties are calculated
# and the resulting gas saturation should be equal to that given in the intial condition

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  temperature_unit = Celsius
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [z]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [z]
    type = PorousFlowFluidStateIC
    saturation = 0.5
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    temperature = 50
    variable = z
    fluid_state = fs
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [saturation_water]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_water]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_water
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = pgas
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = z
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = co2
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = z
    fluid_state = fs
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [sg]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_gas
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [sw]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = saturation_water
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [z]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = z
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/mass_conservation/mass10.i)

# Checking that the mass postprocessor throws the correct error when kernel_variable_numer is illegal

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [sat]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pinit]
    type = ConstantIC
    value = 1
    variable = pp
  []
  [satinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = 1-x
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp sat'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 0.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pp
    phase1_saturation = sat
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [comp1_total_mass]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    kernel_variable_number = 2
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_steady.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - steady
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  active = flux
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_steady
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/rd01.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 120
  ny = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 6
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-2 1 10 500 5000 5000'
    x = '0 10 100 1000 10000 100000'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.336
    alpha = 1.43e-4
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      viscosity = 1.01e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    m = 0.336
    seff_turnover = 0.99
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.33
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '0.295E-12 0 0  0 0.295E-12 0  0 0 0.295E-12'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = -72620.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-10 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [base]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    boundary = right
    flux_function = -2.315E-3
    variable = pressure
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '6 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 121
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 359424

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = rd01
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/denergy02.i)

# 2phase, 1 component, with solid displacements, time derivative of energy-density
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [pgas]
  []
  [pwater]
  []
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_x
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_y
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = disp_z
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
  []
  [pgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pgas
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
  [pwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pwater
    max = 0.0
    min = -1.0
  []
  [temp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = temp
    max = 1.0
    min = 0.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    component = 2
  []
  [dummy_pgas]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pgas
  []
  [dummy_pwater]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pwater
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas temp pwater disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 0.7
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '0.5 0.75'
    # bulk modulus is lambda + 2*mu/3 = 0.5 + 2*0.75/3 = 1
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []
  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    porosity_zero = 0.7
    biot_coefficient = 0.9
    solid_bulk = 1
  []
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_porepressure = pgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePS.i)

# Simple example of a 2-phase situation with hysteretic capillary pressure.  Gas is added to and removed from the system in order to observe the hysteresis
# All liquid water exists in component 0
# All gas exists in component 1
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 sat1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
  []
  [sat1]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [pump]
    type = PorousFlowPointSourceFromPostprocessor
    mass_flux = flux
    point = '0.5 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [sat0]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pp1]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [sat0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = sat0
    phase = 0
    property = saturation
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pp1
    phase = 1
    property = pressure
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid] # same properties used for both phases
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10 # so pumping does not result in excessive porepressure
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPS
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_saturation = sat1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [flux]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = 'if(t <= 9, 10, -10)'
  []
  [hys_order]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = hys_order
  []
  [sat0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat0
  []
  [sat1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = sat1
  []
  [pp0]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp0
  []
  [pp1]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       NONZERO'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.5
  end_time = 18
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem08.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with one primary variable = 0 and stoichiometry > 1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E10
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E10
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '2 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1.1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/basic_advection1.i)

# Basic advection with no PorousFlow variables
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [P]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [P]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = P
    function = '2*(1-x)'
  []
  [u]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = u
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [u_advection]
    type = PorousFlowBasicAdvection
    variable = u
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = ''
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 4
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 150.0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature_qp]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = P
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid_qp]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5'
  []
  [relperm_qp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
  [darcy_velocity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowDarcyVelocityMaterial
    gravity = '0.25 0 0'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    #petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = ' test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS_KT.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 2 phases, 2components - transient
# Using KT stabilization

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 2e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_component0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [flux_component0_phase0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppwater
    advective_flux_calculator = afc_component0_phase0
  []
  [flux_component0_phase1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = ppwater
    advective_flux_calculator = afc_component0_phase1
  []
  [mass_component1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = sgas
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [flux_component1_phase0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = sgas
    advective_flux_calculator = afc_component1_phase0
  []
  [flux_component1_phase1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = sgas
    advective_flux_calculator = afc_component1_phase1
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 1e5
  []
  [afc_component0_phase0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 0
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
  [afc_component0_phase1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    fluid_component = 0
    phase = 1
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
  [afc_component1_phase0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 0
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
  [afc_component1_phase1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorUnsaturatedMultiComponent
    fluid_component = 1
    phase = 1
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e7
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-5
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15 0 0 0 1e-15'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 1
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [leftwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 2e6
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1e3
  end_time = 1e4
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'ppwater ppgas'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '100 0 0'
    num_points = 11
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_2phasePS_KT
  print_linear_residuals = false
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/hys_pc_1.i)

# Capillary-pressure calculation.  First-order wetting curve
# When comparing the results with a by-hand computation, remember the MOOSE results are averaged over an element
# Also, when using info_required=sat, remember that: (1) the hysteretic capillary pressure is not invertible if no high extension is used; (2) if saturation exceeds the turning point (eg sat <= 0.1) then the drying curve will be used
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
    xmin = 0
    xmax = 1
    nx = 100
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
    porous_flow_vars = ''
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [sat]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [sat]
    type = FunctionDirichletBC
    variable = sat
    function = 'x'
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = sat
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
    initial_order = 1
    previous_turning_points = 0.1
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlowHystereticInfo
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = none
    high_extension_type = none
    sat_var = sat
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [hys_order]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pc]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [hys_order]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = hys_order
    property = hysteresis_order
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = pc
    property = hysteretic_info
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [pc]
    type = LineValueSampler
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 10
    sort_by = x
    variable = 'sat pc'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Linear
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/gravity/grav02e.i)

# Checking that gravity head is established in the transient situation when 0<=saturation<=1 (note the less-than-or-equal-to).
# 2phase (PS), 2components, constant capillary pressure, constant fluid bulk-moduli for each phase, constant viscosity,
# constant permeability, Corey relative permeabilities with no residual saturation

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  ny = 10
  ymax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 -10 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1.5e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [swater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [relpermwater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
  [relpermgas]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = FIRST
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [ppgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = pressure
    phase = 1
    variable = ppgas
  []
  [swater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = swater
  []
  [relpermwater]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = relpermwater
  []
  [relpermgas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = relpermgas
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater sgas'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 1e5
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 10
      viscosity = 1e-5
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-11 0 0 0 1e-11 0  0 0 1e-11'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mass_ph1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1e5
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 1e4
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  file_base = grav02e
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  csv = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/2species_equilibrium.i)

# PorousFlow analogy of chemical_reactions/test/tests/aqueous_equilibrium/2species.i
#
# Simple equilibrium reaction example to illustrate the use of PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
#
# In this example, two primary species a and b are transported by diffusion and convection
# from the left of the porous medium, reacting to form two equilibrium species pa2 and pab
# according to the equilibrium reaction:
#
#      reactions = '2a = pa2     rate = 10^2
#                   a + b = pab  rate = 10^-2'
#

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 10
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    [InitialCondition]
      type = BoundingBoxIC
      x1 = 0.0
      y1 = 0.0
      x2 = 1.0e-10
      y2 = 1
      inside = 1.0e-2
      outside = 1.0e-10
    []
  []
  [b]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
    [InitialCondition]
      type = BoundingBoxIC
      x1 = 0.0
      y1 = 0.0
      x2 = 1.0e-10
      y2 = 1
      inside = 1.0e-2
      outside = 1.0e-10
    []
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 1E2
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
  [pa2]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [pab]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [pa2]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = secondary_concentration
    secondary_species = 0
    variable = pa2
  []
  [pab]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = secondary_concentration
    secondary_species = 1
    variable = pab
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure
    function = 2-x
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [flux_a]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [diff_a]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = a
    fluid_component = 0
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
  [mass_b]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = b
  []
  [flux_b]
    type = PorousFlowFullySaturatedDarcyFlow
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [diff_b]
    type = PorousFlowDispersiveFlux
    variable = b
    fluid_component = 1
    disp_trans = 0
    disp_long = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 2
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1'
    reactions = '2 0
                 1 1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    # porous_flow permeability / porous_flow viscosity = chemical_reactions conductivity = 1E-4
    permeability = '1E-7 0 0 0 1E-7 0 0 0 1E-7'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [diff]
    type = PorousFlowDiffusivityConst
    # porous_flow diffusion_coeff * tortuousity * porosity = chemical_reactions diffusivity = 1E-4
    diffusion_coeff = '5E-4 5E-4 5E-4'
    tortuosity = 1.0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [a_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = a
    boundary = left
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
  [b_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = b
    boundary = left
    value = 1.0e-2
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 10
  end_time = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluids/simple_fluid_MPa.i)

# Test the properties calculated by the simple fluid Material
# Pressure unit is chosen to be MPa
# Pressure 10 MPa
# Temperature = 300 K  (temperature unit = K)
# Density should equal 1500*exp(1E7/1E9-2E-4*300)=1426.844 kg/m^3
# Viscosity should equal 1.1E-9 MPa.s
# Energy density should equal 4000 * 300 = 1.2E6 J/kg
# Specific enthalpy should equal 4000 * 300 + 10e6 / 1426.844 = 1.207008E6 J/kg

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      thermal_expansion = 2.0E-4
      cv = 4000.0
      cp = 5000.0
      bulk_modulus = 1.0E9
      thermal_conductivity = 1.0
      viscosity = 1.1E-3
      density0 = 1500.0
    []
  []
[]

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp T'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 10
  []
  [T]
    initial_condition = 300.0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy_p]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
  [dummy_T]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = T
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = T
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    temperature_unit = Kelvin
    pressure_unit = MPa
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pressure]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = pp
  []
  [temperature]
    type = ElementIntegralVariablePostprocessor
    variable = T
  []
  [density]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_density_qp0'
  []
  [viscosity]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_viscosity_qp0'
  []
  [internal_energy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_internal_energy_qp0'
  []
  [enthalpy]
    type = ElementIntegralMaterialProperty
    mat_prop = 'PorousFlow_fluid_phase_enthalpy_qp0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = Newton
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/recover/pffltvd.i)

# Tests that PorousFlow can successfully recover using a checkpoint file.
# This test contains stateful material properties, adaptivity, integrated
# boundary conditions with nodal-sized materials, and TVD flux limiting.
#
# This test file is run three times:
# 1) The full input file is run to completion
# 2) The input file is run for half the time and checkpointing is included
# 3) The input file is run in recovery using the checkpoint data
#
# The final output of test 3 is compared to the final output of test 1 to verify
# that recovery was successful.

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[Adaptivity]
  initial_steps = 1
  initial_marker = tracer_marker
  marker = tracer_marker
  max_h_level = 1
  [Markers]
    [tracer_marker]
      type = ValueRangeMarker
      variable = tracer
      lower_bound = 0.02
      upper_bound = 0.98
    []
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [porepressure]
  []
  [tracer]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [porepressure]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = porepressure
    function = '2 - x'
  []
  [tracer]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = tracer
    function = 'if(x<0.1,0,if(x>0.3,0,1))'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = tracer
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = tracer
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowFluxLimitedTVDAdvection
    variable = porepressure
    advective_flux_calculator = advective_flux_calculator_1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [constant_injection_porepressure]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = porepressure
    value = 2
    boundary = left
  []
  [no_tracer_on_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = tracer
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [remove_component_1]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = porepressure
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 1
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
  [remove_component_0]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    variable = tracer
    boundary = right
    fluid_phase = 0
    pt_vals = '0 1E3'
    multipliers = '0 1E3'
    mass_fraction_component = 0
    use_mobility = true
    flux_function = 1E3
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [the_simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2E9
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.0
      density0 = 1000.0
    []
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure tracer'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [advective_flux_calculator_1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFluxCalculatorSaturatedMultiComponent
    flux_limiter_type = superbee
    fluid_component = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = tracer
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = the_simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-2 0 0   0 1E-2 0   0 0 1E-2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [tracer]
    type = NodalValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    variable = tracer
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.05
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass07.i)

# 1phase with MD_Gaussian (var = log(mass-density) with Gaussian capillary) formulation
# constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 1component
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [md]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [md]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = -0.224 # unsaturated for md<log(density_P0=0.8)=-0.223
    variable = md
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = md
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'md'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 0.8
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseMD_Gaussian
    mass_density = md
    al = 1.1
    density_P0 = 0.8
    bulk_modulus = 1.5
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s04.i)

# apply a piecewise-linear sink flux and observe the correct behavior
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 2
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pp
    function = y+1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.3
      density0 = 1.1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1.1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5 0 0 0 1E-5'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [flux_out]
  []
  [xval]
  []
  [yval]
  []
  [pt_shift]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [xval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = xval
    function = x
  []
  [yval]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = yval
    function = y
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p10 1.3'
  []
  [rate10]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*if(pp>0.8,1,if(pp<0.3,0.5,0.2+pp))'
    vars = 'fcn pp'
    vals = '8   p10'
  []
  [mass10_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm10_prev  m10_rate 0.5 1E-3'
  []
  [mass11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'vol*por*dens0*exp(pp/bulk)'
    vars = 'vol por dens0 pp bulk'
    vals = '0.25 0.1 1.1 p11 1.3'
  []
  [rate11]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'fcn*if(pp>0.8,1,if(pp<0.3,0.5,0.2+pp))'
    vars = 'fcn pp'
    vals = '8   p11'
  []
  [mass11_expect]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = 'mass_prev-rate*area*dt'
    vars = 'mass_prev rate     area dt'
    vals = 'm11_prev  m11_rate 0.5 1E-3'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p00]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p10]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m10_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate10
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m10_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass10_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [p01]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p11]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 1 0'
    variable = pp
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_prev]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11
    execute_on = 'timestep_begin'
    outputs = 'console'
  []
  [m11_rate]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = rate11
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [m11_expect]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass11_expect
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowPiecewiseLinearSink
    boundary = 'right'
    PT_shift = pt_shift
    pt_vals = '0.0 0.5'
    multipliers = '0.5 1'
    variable = pp
    use_mobility = false
    use_relperm = false
    fluid_phase = 0
    flux_function = 8
    save_in = flux_out
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -snes_max_it -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres asm lu 10000 NONZERO 2'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-3
  end_time = 1E-2
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s04
  [console]
    type = Console
    execute_on = 'nonlinear linear'
  []
  [csv]
    type = CSV
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/vangenuchten1.i)

# Test van Genuchten relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# van Genuchten exponent m = 0.5 for both phases
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 0
    m = 0.5
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityVG
    phase = 1
    m = 0.5
    wetting = false
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-7
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux09.i)

# 2phase (PP), 3components (that exist in both phases), constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with RSC capillary
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureRSC
    shift = -0.1
    scale_ratio = 3
    oil_viscosity = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem09.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with temperature, with one primary variable = 0 and stoichiometry = 1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E10
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E10
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
  [temp]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '1 3'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/sinks/s11_act.i)

# Test that using PorousFlowSinkBC we get the same answer as in s11.i

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 2
  ny = 2
  nz = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 10
  zmin = 0
  zmax = 10
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0.1
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []

  [heat_conduction]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 11
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.125
  []

  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [PorousFlow]
    [BCs]
      [left]
        type = PorousFlowSinkBC
        boundary = left
        fluid_phase = 0
        T_in = 300
        fp = simple_fluid
        flux_function = -1
      []
    []
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.25
  end_time = 1
  nl_rel_tol = 1E-12
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-12
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = s11
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    execute_on = 'initial final'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/dirackernels/bh_except12.i)

# PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole exception test
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 1E7
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [borehole_total_outflow_mass]
    type = PorousFlowSumQuantity
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [bh]
    type = PorousFlowPeacemanBorehole
    bottom_p_or_t = 0
    fluid_phase = 0
    point_file = does_not_exist
    SumQuantityUO = borehole_total_outflow_mass
    variable = pp
    unit_weight = '0 0 0'
    character = 1
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [bh_report]
    type = PorousFlowPlotQuantity
    uo = borehole_total_outflow_mass
  []

  [fluid_mass0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  [fluid_mass1]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [zmass_error]
    type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
    function = mass_bal_fcn
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []

  [p0]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [mass_bal_fcn]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = abs((a-c+d)/2/(a+c))
    vars = 'a c d'
    vals = 'fluid_mass1 fluid_mass0 bh_report'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [usual]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-10 1E-10 10000 30'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 0.5
  dt = 1E-2
  solve_type = NEWTON
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/relperm/corey1.i)

# Test Corey relative permeability curve by varying saturation over the mesh
# Corey exponent n = 1 for both phases (linear residual saturation)
# No residual saturation in either phase

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 20
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [p0]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [s1]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [s0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [s1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr0aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [kr1aux]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [s0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 0
    variable = s0aux
  []
  [s1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    variable = s1aux
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 0
    variable = kr0aux
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = relperm
    phase = 1
    variable = kr1aux
  []
[]

[Functions]
  [s1]
    type = ParsedFunction
    value = x
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [s1]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = s1
    function = s1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [p0]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = p0
  []
  [s1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = s1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'p0 s1'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = p0
    phase1_saturation = s1
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [kr0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 0
    n = 1
  []
  [kr1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    phase = 1
    n = 1
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [vpp]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = 's0aux s1aux kr0aux kr1aux'
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '1 0 0'
    num_points = 20
    sort_by = id
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
[]

[BCs]
  [sleft]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 0
    boundary = left
  []
  [sright]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = s1
    value = 1
    boundary = right
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
  execute_on = timestep_end
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/mass03.i)

# 1phase
# vanGenuchten, constant-bulk density, constant porosity, 3components
# unsaturated
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
  []
  [mass_frac_comp0]
  []
  [mass_frac_comp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [pp]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = pp
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [mass_frac_comp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = mass_frac_comp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
  [mass_frac_comp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = mass_frac_comp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.3
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_comp0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [masscomp1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = mass_frac_comp0
  []
  [masscomp2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = mass_frac_comp1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp mass_frac_comp0 mass_frac_comp1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
    s_scale = 0.9
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'mass_frac_comp0 mass_frac_comp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 2
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/fluidstate/theis_tabulated.i)

# Two phase Theis problem: Flow from single source using WaterNCG fluidstate.
# Constant rate injection 2 kg/s
# 1D cylindrical mesh
# Initially, system has only a liquid phase, until enough gas is injected
# to form a gas phase, in which case the system becomes two phase.
# Note: this test is the same as theis.i, but uses the tabulated version of the CO2FluidProperties

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 80
  xmax = 200
  bias_x = 1.05
[]

[Problem]
  type = FEProblem
  coord_type = RZ
  rz_coord_axis = Y
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [saturation_gas]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [x1]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [y0]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [saturation_gas]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = saturation_gas
    property = saturation
    phase = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [x1]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = x1
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 0
    fluid_component = 1
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
  [y0]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    variable = y0
    property = mass_fraction
    phase = 1
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pgas]
    initial_condition = 20e6
  []
  [zi]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pgas
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pgas zi'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
    pc = 0
  []
  [fs]
    type = PorousFlowWaterNCG
    water_fp = water
    gas_fp = tabulated
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [co2]
      type = CO2FluidProperties
    []
    [tabulated]
      type = TabulatedFluidProperties
      fp = co2
      fluid_property_file = fluid_properties.csv
    []
    [water]
      type = Water97FluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 20
  []
  [waterncg]
    type = PorousFlowFluidState
    gas_porepressure = pgas
    z = zi
    temperature_unit = Celsius
    capillary_pressure = pc
    fluid_state = fs
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.1
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [rightwater]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = right
    value = 20e6
    variable = pgas
  []
[]

[DiracKernels]
  [source]
    type = PorousFlowSquarePulsePointSource
    point = '0 0 0'
    mass_flux = 2
    variable = zi
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-8       1E-10 20'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  end_time = 8e2
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 2
    growth_factor = 2
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [line]
    type = LineValueSampler
    sort_by = x
    start_point = '0 0 0'
    end_point = '200 0 0'
    num_points = 1000
    variable = 'pgas zi x1 saturation_gas'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [pgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = pgas
  []
  [sgas]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = saturation_gas
  []
  [zi]
    type = PointValue
    point = '1 0 0'
    variable = zi
  []
  [massgas]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [x1]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = x1
  []
  [y0]
    type = PointValue
    point =  '1 0 0'
    variable = y0
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  [csvout]
    type = CSV
    file_base = theis_tabulated_csvout
    execute_on = timestep_end
    execute_vector_postprocessors_on = final
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/energy_conservation/heat01.i)

# checking that the heat-energy postprocessor correctly calculates the energy
# 0phase, constant porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [tinit]
    type = FunctionIC
    function = '100*x'
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = temp
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 0
    number_fluid_components = 0
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 2.2
    density = 0.5
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [total_heat]
    type = PorousFlowHeatEnergy
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1 1 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = heat01
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/hysteresis/2phasePP_jac.i)

# Test of derivatives computed in PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP
[Mesh]
  [mesh]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 1
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '-1 0 0'
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp0 pp1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
  [pp1]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_conservation0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp0
  []
  [mass_conservation1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp1
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = pp1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid_0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 10
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid_1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1
      viscosity = 3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp0'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid_1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm_gas]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 1
  []
  [hys_order_material]
    type = PorousFlowHysteresisOrder
  []
  [pc_calculator]
    type = PorousFlow2PhaseHysPP
    alpha_d = 10.0
    alpha_w = 7.0
    n_d = 1.5
    n_w = 1.9
    S_l_min = 0.1
    S_lr = 0.2
    S_gr_max = 0.3
    Pc_max = 12.0
    high_ratio = 0.9
    low_extension_type = quadratic
    high_extension_type = power
    phase0_porepressure = pp0
    phase1_porepressure = pp1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_check_jacobian'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d_3comp.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase but 3 components (viscosity, relperm, etc are independent of mass-fractions) - transient
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
  [massfrac0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [massfrac1]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = massfrac0
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = massfrac0
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 1
  []
  [mass2]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac1
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = massfrac1
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp massfrac0 massfrac1'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac0 massfrac1'
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -ksp_rtol -ksp_atol'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-7 1E-10 20 1E-10 1E-100'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [mf_0_010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = massfrac0
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [mf_1_010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = massfrac1
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d_3comp
  print_linear_residuals = true
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/infiltration_and_drainage/bw02.i)

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 200
  ny = 1
  xmin = -10
  xmax = 10
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 0.05
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Functions]
  [dts]
    type = PiecewiseLinear
    y = '1E-1 5E-1 5E-1'
    x = '0 1 10'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = pressure
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    C = 1.5
    las = 2
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      viscosity = 4
      density0 = 10
      thermal_expansion = 0
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityBW
    Sn = 0.0
    Ss = 1.0
    Kn = 0
    Ks = 1
    C = 1.5
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.25
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0  0 1 0  0 0 1'
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [pressure]
    initial_condition = -9E2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pressure
    gravity = '-0.1 0 0'
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [SWater]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [SWater]
    type = MaterialStdVectorAux
    property = PorousFlow_saturation_qp
    index = 0
    variable = SWater
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [recharge]
    type = PorousFlowSink
    variable = pressure
    boundary = right
    flux_function = -1.25 # corresponds to Rstar being 0.5 because i have to multiply by density*porosity
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason -ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix -ksp_gmres_modifiedgramschmidt -snes_linesearch_monitor'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'gmres      asm      lu           NONZERO                   2               1E-10      1E-10      10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  petsc_options = '-snes_converged_reason'
  end_time = 2

  [TimeStepper]
    type = FunctionDT
    function = dts
  []
[]

[VectorPostprocessors]
  [swater]
    type = LineValueSampler
    variable = SWater
    start_point = '-10 0 0'
    end_point = '10 0 0'
    sort_by = x
    num_points = 80
    execute_on = timestep_end
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = bw02
  sync_times = '0.5 2 8'
  [exodus]
    type = Exodus
    sync_only = true
  []
  [along_line]
    type = CSV
    sync_only = true
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/actions/addmaterials.i)

# Test that the PorousFlowAddMaterialAction correctly handles the case where
# materials are added with the default add_nodes parameter, as well as
# at_nodes = true, to make sure that the action doesn't add a duplicate material

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[Variables]
  [pwater]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
  [sgas]
    initial_condition = 0.3
  []
  [temperature]
    initial_condition = 50
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [x0]
    initial_condition = 0.1
  []
  [x1]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [mass1]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pwater
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = sgas
  []
  [energy_dot]
    type = PorousFlowEnergyTimeDerivative
    variable = temperature
  []
  [heat_advection]
    type = PorousFlowHeatAdvection
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pwater sgas temperature'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-5
    pc_max = 1e7
    sat_lr = 0.1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-3
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1e9
      viscosity = 1e-4
      density0 = 20
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 50
  []
  [temperature_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    at_nodes = true
    temperature = 50
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [ppss_nodal]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    at_nodes = true
    phase0_porepressure = pwater
    phase1_saturation = sgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'x0 x1'
  []
  [massfrac_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    at_nodes = true
    mass_fraction_vars = 'x0 x1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid0_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    at_nodes = true
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [simple_fluid1_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    at_nodes = true
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12 0 0 0 1e-12'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    s_res = 0.1
    sum_s_res = 0.11
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
    s_res = 0.01
    sum_s_res = 0.11
  []
  [relperm0_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [relperm1_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [porosity_nodal]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
    at_nodes = true
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.0
    density = 125
  []
  [unused]
    type = GenericConstantMaterial
    prop_names = unused
    prop_values = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  end_time = 1
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/chemistry/precipitation_2phase.i)

# Using a two-phase system (see precipitation.i for the single-phase)
# The saturation and porosity are chosen so that the results are identical to precipitation.i
#
# The precipitation reaction
#
# a <==> mineral
#
# produces "mineral".  Using mineral_density = fluid_density, theta = 1 = eta, the DE is
#
# a' = -(mineral / (porosity * saturation))' = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#
# The following parameters are used
#
# T_ref = 0.5 K
# T = 1 K
# activation_energy = 3 J/mol
# gas_constant = 6 J/(mol K)
# kinetic_rate_at_ref_T = 0.60653 mol/(m^2 s)
# These give rate = 0.60653 * exp(1/2) = 1 mol/(m^2 s)
#
# surf_area = 0.5 m^2/L
# molar_volume = 2 L/mol
# These give rate * surf_area * molar_vol = 1 s^-1
#
# equilibrium_constant = 0.5 (dimensionless)
# primary_activity_coefficient = 2 (dimensionless)
# stoichiometry = 1 (dimensionless)
# This means that 1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi = 1 - 4 a, which is negative for a > 0.25, ie precipitation for a(t=0) > 0.25
#
# The solution of the DE is
# a = eqm_const / act_coeff + (a(t=0) - eqm_const / act_coeff) exp(-rate * surf_area * molar_vol * act_coeff * t / eqm_const)
#   = 0.25 + (a(t=0) - 0.25) exp(-4 * t)
# c = c(t=0) - (a - a(t=0)) * (porosity * saturation)
#
# This test checks that (a + c / (porosity * saturation)) is time-independent, and that a follows the above solution
#
# Aside:
#    The exponential curve is not followed exactly because moose actually solves
#    (a - a_old)/dt = rate * surf_area * molar_vol (1 - (1 / eqm_const) * (act_coeff * a)^stoi)
#    which does not give an exponential exactly, except in the limit dt->0
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.9
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [pressure0]
  []
  [saturation1]
    initial_condition = 0.25
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.123
  []
  [ini_mineral_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [mineral]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [should_be_static]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = mineral
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = ParsedAux
    args = 'mineral a'
    function = 'a + mineral / 0.1'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass_a]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = a
  []
  [pre_dis]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1000
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = a
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 2
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
    aqueous_phase_number = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureConst
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9 # huge, so mimic chemical_reactions
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 1
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePS
    capillary_pressure = pc
    phase0_porepressure = pressure0
    phase1_saturation = saturation1
  []
  [mass_frac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'b a'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = a
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = 2
    reactions = 1
    specific_reactive_surface_area = 0.5
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.6065306597126334
    activation_energy = 3
    molar_volume = 2
    gas_constant = 6
    reference_temperature = 0.5
  []
  [mineral_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_mineral_conc
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 1
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.4
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  nl_abs_tol = 1E-10
  dt = 0.01
  end_time = 1
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [a]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = a
  []
  [should_be_static]
    type = PointValue
    point = '0 0 0'
    variable = should_be_static
  []
[]
[Outputs]
  interval = 10
  csv = true
  perf_graph = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/fflux04.i)

# 2phase (PP), 3components (that exist in both phases), constant viscosity, constant insitu permeability
# density with constant bulk, Corey relative perm, nonzero gravity, unsaturated with vanGenuchten
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 2
  nx = 2
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ny = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
  []
  [ppgas]
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [ppwater]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppwater
    min = -1
    max = 0
  []
  [ppgas]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = ppgas
    min = 0
    max = 1
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph0_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp0]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp0
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
  [massfrac_ph1_sp1]
    type = RandomIC
    variable = massfrac_ph1_sp1
    min = 0
    max = 0.4
  []
[]


[Kernels]
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = ppwater
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux1]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = ppgas
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
  [flux2]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = massfrac_ph0_sp0
    gravity = '-1 -0.1 0'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater ppgas massfrac_ph0_sp0'
    number_fluid_phases = 2
    number_fluid_components = 3
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid0]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
    [simple_fluid1]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 0.5
      density0 = 0.5
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow2PhasePP
    phase0_porepressure = ppwater
    phase1_porepressure = ppgas
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'massfrac_ph0_sp0 massfrac_ph0_sp1 massfrac_ph1_sp0 massfrac_ph1_sp1'
  []
  [simple_fluid0]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid0
    phase = 0
  []
  [simple_fluid1]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid1
    phase = 1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3'
  []
  [relperm0]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
  [relperm1]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 3
    phase = 1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = check
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000'
  []
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1
  end_time = 1
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/pressure_pulse/pressure_pulse_1d.i)

# Pressure pulse in 1D with 1 phase - transient
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 10
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 100
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 2E6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = pp
  []
  [flux]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = pp
    gravity = '0 0 0'
    fluid_component = 0
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1e-7
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      thermal_expansion = 0
      viscosity = 1e-3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = pp
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15 0 0 0 1E-15'
  []
  [relperm]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 0
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [left]
    type = DirichletBC
    boundary = left
    value = 3E6
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-20 10000'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E3
  end_time = 1E4
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [p000]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '0 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p010]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '10 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p020]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '20 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p030]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '30 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p040]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '40 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p050]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '50 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p060]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '60 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p070]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '70 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p080]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '80 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p090]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '90 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
  [p100]
    type = PointValue
    variable = pp
    point = '100 0 0'
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = pressure_pulse_1d
  print_linear_residuals = false
  csv = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/chem06.i)

# PorousFlowPreDis, which is essentially checking the derivatives of the secondary concentrations in PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousPreDisChemistry
# Dissolution with no temperature dependence, with one primary variable = 0 and stoichiometry = 1
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [a]
    initial_condition = 0.2
  []
  [b]
    initial_condition = 0.0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k]
    initial_condition = 1.234
  []
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 0.5
  []
  [ini_sec_conc]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Kernels]
  [a]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = a
    mineral_density = 1E5
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [b]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = b
    mineral_density = 2.2E5
    stoichiometry = 3
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'a b'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 3
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [pressure]
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    porosity_zero = 0.9
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
    mass_fraction_vars = 'a b'
  []
  [predis]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'a b'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = eqm_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '0.5 0.8'
    reactions = '3 1'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = -44.4E-2
    kinetic_rate_constant = 0.678
    activation_energy = 4.4
    molar_volume = 3.3
    reference_temperature = 1
    gas_constant = 7.4
    theta_exponent = 1
    eta_exponent = 1.2
  []
  [mineral]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = ini_sec_conc
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 0.1
  end_time = 0.1
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [check]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-snes_test_display'
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/heterogeneous_materials/constant_poroperm3.i)

# Assign porosity and permeability variables from constant AuxVariables read from the mesh
# to create a heterogeneous model

[Mesh]
  type = FileMesh
  file = 'gold/constant_poroperm2_out.e'
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 -10'
[]

[Variables]
  [ppwater]
    initial_condition = 1e6
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [poro]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = poro
  []
  [permxx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permxx
  []
  [permxy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permxy
  []
  [permxz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permxz
  []
  [permyx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permyx
  []
  [permyy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permyy
  []
  [permyz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permyz
  []
  [permzx]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permzx
  []
  [permzy]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permzy
  []
  [permzz]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
    initial_from_file_var = permzz
  []
  [poromat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permxzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permyzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzxmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzymat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [permzzmat]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [poromat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = porosity
    variable = poromat
  []
  [permxxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxxmat
    column = 0
    row = 0
  []
  [permxymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxymat
    column = 1
    row = 0
  []
  [permxzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permxzmat
    column = 2
    row = 0
  []
  [permyxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyxmat
    column = 0
    row = 1
  []
  [permyymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyymat
    column = 1
    row = 1
  []
  [permyzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permyzmat
    column = 2
    row = 1
  []
  [permzxmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzxmat
    column = 0
    row = 2
  []
  [permzymat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzymat
    column = 1
    row = 2
  []
  [permzzmat]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = permeability
    variable = permzzmat
    column = 2
    row = 2
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [mass0]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    variable = ppwater
  []
  [flux0]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    variable = ppwater
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'ppwater'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 2e9
      density0 = 1000
      viscosity = 1e-3
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 2
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = ppwater
  []
  [massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFraction
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = poro
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConstFromVar
    perm_xx = permxx
    perm_xy = permxy
    perm_xz = permxz
    perm_yx = permyx
    perm_yy = permyy
    perm_yz = permyz
    perm_zx = permzx
    perm_zy = permzy
    perm_zz = permzz
  []
  [relperm_water]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityCorey
    n = 2
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mass_ph0]
    type = PorousFlowFluidMass
    fluid_component = 0
    execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [smp]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-12 1E-10'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 100
  dt = 100
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
  exodus = true
  perf_graph = true
  file_base = constant_poroperm2_out
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/jacobian/heat_vol_exp01.i)

# Tests the PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion kernel
# Fluid with constant bulk modulus, van-Genuchten capillary, THM porosity
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  xmin = -1
  xmax = 1
  ymin = -1
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 1
[]

[GlobalParams]
  displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
  block = 0
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Variables]
  [disp_x]
  []
  [disp_y]
  []
  [disp_z]
  []
  [porepressure]
  []
  [temperature]
  []
[]

[ICs]
  [disp_x]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_x
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_y
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -0.1
    max = 0.1
    variable = disp_z
  []
  [p]
    type = RandomIC
    min = -1
    max = 0
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [t]
    type = RandomIC
    min = 1
    max = 2
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[BCs]
  # necessary otherwise volumetric strain rate will be zero
  [disp_x]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_x
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_y]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_y
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
  [disp_z]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = disp_z
    value = 0
    boundary = 'left right'
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [grad_stress_x]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_x
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 0
  []
  [grad_stress_y]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_y
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 1
  []
  [grad_stress_z]
    type = StressDivergenceTensors
    variable = disp_z
    displacements = 'disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    component = 2
  []
  [dummy]
    type = TimeDerivative
    variable = porepressure
  []
  [temp]
    type = PorousFlowHeatVolumetricExpansion
    variable = temperature
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'porepressure temperature disp_x disp_y disp_z'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
  [pc]
    type = PorousFlowCapillaryPressureVG
    m = 0.5
    alpha = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      bulk_modulus = 1.5
      density0 = 1
      thermal_expansion = 0
      cv = 1.3
    []
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [p_eff]
    type = PorousFlowEffectiveFluidPressure
  []
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temperature
  []
  [elasticity_tensor]
    type = ComputeElasticityTensor
    C_ijkl = '2 3'
    fill_method = symmetric_isotropic
  []
  [strain]
    type = ComputeSmallStrain
  []
  [stress]
    type = ComputeLinearElasticStress
  []

  [vol_strain]
    type = PorousFlowVolumetricStrain
  []
  [ppss_nodal]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseP
    porepressure = porepressure
    capillary_pressure = pc
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosity
    fluid = true
    mechanical = true
    thermal = true
    porosity_zero = 0.1
    biot_coefficient = 0.5
    solid_bulk = 1
    thermal_expansion_coeff = 0.1
    reference_temperature = 0.1
    reference_porepressure = 0.2
  []
  [rock_heat]
    type = PorousFlowMatrixInternalEnergy
    specific_heat_capacity = 1.1
    density = 0.5
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-ksp_type -pc_type -snes_atol -snes_rtol -snes_max_it -snes_type'
    petsc_options_value = 'bcgs bjacobi 1E-15 1E-10 10000 test'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  dt = 1E-5
[]

[Outputs]
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  file_base = jacobian2
  exodus = false
[]

(modules/porous_flow/examples/tutorial/13.i)

# Example of reactive transport model with dissolution of dolomite
#
# The equilibrium system has 5 primary species (Variables) and
# 5 secondary species (PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibrium).
# Some of the equilibrium constants have been chosen rather arbitrarily.
#
# Equilibrium reactions
# H+  + HCO3-                      = CO2(aq)
# -H+ + HCO3-                      = CO32-
#       HCO3- + Ca2+               = CaHCO3+
#       HCO3-        + Mg2+        = MgHCO3+
#       HCO3-               + Fe2+ = FeHCO3+
#
# The kinetic reaction that dissolves dolomite involves all 5 primary species.
#
# -2H+ + 2HCO3- + Ca2+ + 0.8Mg2+ + 0.2Fe2+ = CaMg0.8Fe0.2(CO3)2
#
# The initial concentration of precipitated dolomite is high, so it starts
# to dissolve immediately, increasing the concentrations of the primary species.
#
# Only single-phase, fully saturated physics is used.
# The pressure gradient is fixed, so that the Darcy velocity is 0.1m/s.
#
# Primary species are injected from the left side, and they flow to the right.
# Less dolomite dissolution therefore occurs on the left side (where
# the primary species have higher concentration).
#
# This test is more fully documented in tutorial_13
[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 1
  nx = 100
  xmax = 1
[]

[Variables]
  [h+]
  []
  [hco3-]
  []
  [ca2+]
  []
  [mg2+]
  []
  [fe2+]
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [eqm_k0]
    initial_condition = 2.19E6
  []
  [eqm_k1]
    initial_condition = 4.73E-11
  []
  [eqm_k2]
    initial_condition = 0.222
  []
  [eqm_k3]
    initial_condition = 1E-2
  []
  [eqm_k4]
    initial_condition = 1E-3
  []
  [kinetic_k]
    initial_condition = 326.2
  []
  [pressure]
  []
  [dolomite]
    family = MONOMIAL
    order = CONSTANT
  []
  [dolomite_initial]
    initial_condition = 1E-7
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [dolomite]
    type = PorousFlowPropertyAux
    property = mineral_concentration
    mineral_species = 0
    variable = dolomite
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
  gravity = '0 0 0'
[]

[ICs]
  [pressure_ic]
    type = FunctionIC
    variable = pressure
    function = '(1 - x) * 1E6'
  []
  [h+_ic]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = h+
    x1 = 0.0
    y1 = 0.0
    x2 = 1.0e-10
    y2 = 0.25
    inside = 5.0e-2
    outside = 1.0e-6
  []
  [hco3_ic]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = hco3-
    x1 = 0.0
    y1 = 0.0
    x2 = 1.0e-10
    y2 = 0.25
    inside = 5.0e-2
    outside = 1.0e-6
  []
  [ca2_ic]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = ca2+
    x1 = 0.0
    y1 = 0.0
    x2 = 1.0e-10
    y2 = 0.25
    inside = 5.0e-2
    outside = 1.0e-6
  []
  [mg2_ic]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = mg2+
    x1 = 0.0
    y1 = 0.0
    x2 = 1.0e-10
    y2 = 0.25
    inside = 5.0e-2
    outside = 1.0e-6
  []
  [fe2_ic]
    type = BoundingBoxIC
    variable = fe2+
    x1 = 0.0
    y1 = 0.0
    x2 = 1.0e-10
    y2 = 0.25
    inside = 5.0e-2
    outside = 1.0e-6
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [h+_ie]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = h+
  []
  [h+_conv]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 0
    variable = h+
  []
  [predis_h+]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = h+
    mineral_density = 2875.0
    stoichiometry = -2
  []
  [hco3-_ie]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = hco3-
  []
  [hco3-_conv]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 1
    variable = hco3-
  []
  [predis_hco3-]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = hco3-
    mineral_density = 2875.0
    stoichiometry = 2
  []
  [ca2+_ie]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = ca2+
  []
  [ca2+_conv]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 2
    variable = ca2+
  []
  [predis_ca2+]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = ca2+
    mineral_density = 2875.0
    stoichiometry = 1
  []
  [mg2+_ie]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 3
    variable = mg2+
  []
  [mg2+_conv]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 3
    variable = mg2+
  []
  [predis_mg2+]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = mg2+
    mineral_density = 2875.0
    stoichiometry = 0.8
  []
  [fe2+_ie]
    type = PorousFlowMassTimeDerivative
    fluid_component = 4
    variable = fe2+
  []
  [fe2+_conv]
    type = PorousFlowAdvectiveFlux
    fluid_component = 4
    variable = fe2+
  []
  [predis_fe2+]
    type = PorousFlowPreDis
    variable = fe2+
    mineral_density = 2875.0
    stoichiometry = 0.2
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'h+ hco3- ca2+ mg2+ fe2+'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 6
    number_aqueous_equilibrium = 5
    number_aqueous_kinetic = 1
  []
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
      viscosity = 1E-3
    []
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [hco3-_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = hco3-
    boundary = left
    value = 5E-2
  []
  [h+_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h+
    boundary = left
    value = 5E-2
  []
  [ca2+_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = ca2+
    boundary = left
    value = 5E-2
  []
  [mg2+_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = mg2+
    boundary = left
    value = 5E-2
  []
  [fe2+_left]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = fe2+
    boundary = left
    value = 5E-2
  []
  [hco3-_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = hco3-
    boundary = right
    value = 1E-6
  []
  [h+_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = h+
    boundary = right
    value = 1e-6
  []
  [ca2+_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = ca2+
    boundary = right
    value = 1E-6
  []
  [mg2+_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = mg2+
    boundary = right
    value = 1E-6
  []
  [fe2+_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = fe2+
    boundary = right
    value = 1E-6
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = 298.15
  []
  [ppss]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pressure
  []
  [equilibrium_massfrac]
    type = PorousFlowMassFractionAqueousEquilibriumChemistry
    mass_fraction_vars = 'h+ hco3- ca2+ mg2+ fe2+'
    num_reactions = 5
    equilibrium_constants = 'eqm_k0 eqm_k1 eqm_k2 eqm_k3 eqm_k4'
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1 1 1 1'
    secondary_activity_coefficients = '1 1 1 1 1'
    reactions = '1 1 0 0 0
                -1 1 0 0 0
                 0 1 1 0 0
                 0 1 0 1 0
                 0 1 0 0 1'
  []
  [kinetic]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisChemistry
    primary_concentrations = 'h+ hco3- ca2+ mg2+ fe2+'
    num_reactions = 1
    equilibrium_constants = kinetic_k
    primary_activity_coefficients = '1 1 1 1 1'
    reactions = '-2 2 1 0.8 0.2'
    specific_reactive_surface_area = '1.2E-8'
    kinetic_rate_constant = '3E-4'
    activation_energy = '1.5e4'
    molar_volume = 64365.0
    gas_constant = 8.314
    reference_temperature = 298.15
  []
  [dolomite_conc]
    type = PorousFlowAqueousPreDisMineral
    initial_concentrations = dolomite_initial
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.2
  []
  [permeability]
    type = PorousFlowPermeabilityConst
    permeability = '1E-10 0 0 0 1E-10 0 0 0 1E-10'
  []
  [relp]
    type = PorousFlowRelativePermeabilityConst
    phase = 0
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = Newton
  end_time = 1
  [TimeStepper]
    type = IterationAdaptiveDT
    dt = 0.1
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  active = basic
  [basic]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options = '-ksp_diagonal_scale -ksp_diagonal_scale_fix'
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -sub_pc_type -sub_pc_factor_shift_type -pc_asm_overlap'
    petsc_options_value = ' asm      lu           NONZERO                   2'
  []
  [preferred_but_might_not_be_installed]
    type = SMP
    full = true
    petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_mat_solver_package'
    petsc_options_value = ' lu       mumps'
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  print_linear_residuals = false
  perf_graph = true
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/porous_flow/test/tests/thermal_conductivity/ThermalCondPorosity01.i)

# Trivial test of PorousFlowThermalConductivityFromPorosity
# Porosity = 0.1
# Solid thermal conductivity = 3
# Fluid thermal conductivity = 2
# Expected porous medium thermal conductivity = 3 * (1 - 0.1) + 2 * 0.1 = 2.9

[Mesh]
  type = GeneratedMesh
  dim = 3
  xmin = 0
  xmax = 1
  ymin = 0
  ymax = 1
  zmin = -1
  zmax = 0
  nx = 1
  ny = 1
  nz = 1
  # This test uses ElementalVariableValue postprocessors on specific
  # elements, so element numbering needs to stay unchanged
  allow_renumbering = false
[]

[GlobalParams]
  PorousFlowDictator = dictator
[]

[Modules]
  [FluidProperties]
    [simple_fluid]
      type = SimpleFluidProperties
    []
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [temp]
    initial_condition = 1
  []
  [pp]
    initial_condition = 0
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [heat_conduction]
    type = PorousFlowHeatConduction
    variable = temp
  []
  [dummy]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = pp
  []
[]

[BCs]
  [temp]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = temp
    boundary = 'front back'
    value = 1
  []
  [pp]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = pp
    boundary = 'front back'
    value = 0
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [lambda_x]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [lambda_y]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
  [lambda_z]
    order = CONSTANT
    family = MONOMIAL
  []
[]

[AuxKernels]
  [lambda_x]
    type = MaterialRealTensorValueAux
    property = PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp
    row = 0
    column = 0
    variable = lambda_x
  []
  [lambda_y]
    type = MaterialRealTensorValueAux
    property = PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp
    row = 1
    column = 1
    variable = lambda_y
  []
  [lambda_z]
    type = MaterialRealTensorValueAux
    property = PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp
    row = 2
    column = 2
    variable = lambda_z
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [lambda_x]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    elementid = 0
    variable = lambda_x
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [lambda_y]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    elementid = 0
    variable = lambda_y
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
  [lambda_z]
    type = ElementalVariableValue
    elementid = 0
    variable = lambda_z
    execute_on = 'timestep_end'
  []
[]

[UserObjects]
  [dictator]
    type = PorousFlowDictator
    porous_flow_vars = 'pp temp'
    number_fluid_phases = 1
    number_fluid_components = 1
  []
[]

[Materials]
  [temperature]
    type = PorousFlowTemperature
    temperature = temp
  []
  [ppss_qp]
    type = PorousFlow1PhaseFullySaturated
    porepressure = pp
  []
  [simple_fluid]
    type = PorousFlowSingleComponentFluid
    fp = simple_fluid
    phase = 0
  []
  [porosity_qp]
    type = PorousFlowPorosityConst
    porosity = 0.1
  []
  [lambda]
    type = PorousFlowThermalConductivityFromPorosity
    lambda_s = '3 0 0  0 3 0  0 0 3'
    lambda_f = '2 0 0  0 2 0  0 0 2'
  []
[]

[Preconditioning]
  [andy]
    type = SMP
    full = true
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  solve_type = Newton
  type = Steady
[]

[Outputs]
  file_base = ThermalCondPorosity01
  csv = true
  execute_on = 'timestep_end'
[]

Input Parameters
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