NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial

Increases the anistropic friction coefficients, linear or quadratic, by K_i * |direction_i| when the diode is turned on with a boolean

This material is meant to be used to implement a simplistic volumetric flow diode. The parameter "additional_linear_resistance" and "additional_quadratic_resistance" should be chosen such that the flow is sufficiently vanished in the direction opposite the diode.

warning

The operation of the diode is controlled with the "turn_on_diode" parameter. If this parameter is false, the 'diode' does NOT create any flow restriction.

Example input file syntax

Simple always-on friction term

In this example the friction flow diode is added to a porous media simulation. The combined_linear/quadratic friction coefficients contain both the diode friction coefficients and the base porous media friction.

The friction coefficients are then combined using a PiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial to have a uniform name over the whole domain for friction coefficients.

[FunctorMaterials<<<{"href": "../../syntax/FunctorMaterials/index.html"}>>>]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial<<<{"description": "FunctorMaterial object for declaring properties that are populated by evaluation of a Functor (a constant, variable, function or functor material property) objects.", "href": "GenericFunctorMaterial.html"}>>>
    prop_names<<<{"description": "The names of the properties this material will have"}>>> = 'porosity'
    prop_values<<<{"description": "The corresponding names of the functors that are going to provide the values for the variables. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial<<<{"description": "FunctorMaterial object for declaring vector properties that are populated by evaluation of functor (constants, functions, variables, matprops) object.", "href": "GenericVectorFunctorMaterial.html"}>>>
    prop_names<<<{"description": "The names of the properties this material will have"}>>> = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values<<<{"description": "The corresponding names of the functors that are going to provide the values for the vector material properties. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial<<<{"description": "Increases the anistropic friction coefficients, linear or quadratic, by K_i * |direction_i| when the diode is turned on with a boolean", "href": "NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial.html"}>>>
    direction<<<{"description": "Direction of the diode"}>>> = '1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance<<<{"description": "Additional linear friction factor"}>>> = '4000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance<<<{"description": "Additional quadratic friction factor"}>>> = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs<<<{"description": "Name of the base anistropic Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs<<<{"description": "Name of the base anistropic Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name<<<{"description": "Name of the additional Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name<<<{"description": "Name of the additional Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'diode_quad'
    block<<<{"description": "The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied"}>>> = '2'
    turn_on_diode<<<{"description": "Whether to add the additional friction"}>>> = true
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial<<<{"description": "Computes a property value on a per-subdomain basis", "href": "PiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial.html"}>>>
    prop_name<<<{"description": "The name of the property to declare. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value<<<{"description": "Map from subdomain to property value. The value may be a constant or any kind of functor (functions, variables, functor material properties)"}>>> = '1 Darcy
                               2 diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial<<<{"description": "Computes a property value on a per-subdomain basis", "href": "PiecewiseByBlockFunctorMaterial.html"}>>>
    prop_name<<<{"description": "The name of the property to declare. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value<<<{"description": "Map from subdomain to property value. The value may be a constant or any kind of functor (functions, variables, functor material properties)"}>>> = '1 Forchheimer
                               2 diode_quad'
  []
[]

Dynamic operation of a diode

In this example, we show three Control strategies for the diode. The idea of these controls is to detect a condition in which the flow should be blocked, because it's going in the way opposite the direction of the diode, or because it meets a criterion that is outlined in the postprocessors and functions involved to describe it.

The first strategy is simply to block the flow at a given time.

[Controls<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Controls/index.html"}>>>]
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl<<<{"description": "Sets the value of a 'bool' input parameters to the value of a provided function.", "href": "../controls/BoolFunctionControl.html"}>>>
    function<<<{"description": "The function to use for controlling the specified parameter."}>>> = time_function
    parameter<<<{"description": "The input parameter(s) to control. Specify a single parameter name and all parameters in all objects matching the name will be updated"}>>> = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on<<<{"description": "The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html."}>>> = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Functions/index.html"}>>>]
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction<<<{"description": "Function created by parsing a string", "href": "../functions/MooseParsedFunction.html"}>>>
    expression<<<{"description": "The user defined function."}>>> = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
[]

The second strategy is to look at the pressure drop across the diode, and block (add friction to) the flow if it exceeds a certain value. If it exceeds a certain value, then in all likelihood means that the flow is flowing through the diode in the direction of decreasing pressure.

[Controls<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Controls/index.html"}>>>]
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl<<<{"description": "Sets the value of a 'bool' input parameters to the value of a provided function.", "href": "../controls/BoolFunctionControl.html"}>>>
    function<<<{"description": "The function to use for controlling the specified parameter."}>>> = pdrop_positive
    parameter<<<{"description": "The input parameter(s) to control. Specify a single parameter name and all parameters in all objects matching the name will be updated"}>>> = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on<<<{"description": "The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html."}>>> = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Postprocessors<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Postprocessors/index.html"}>>>]
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop<<<{"description": "Computes the pressure drop between an upstream and a downstream boundary.", "href": "../postprocessors/PressureDrop.html"}>>>
    upstream_boundary<<<{"description": "The upstream surface (must also be specified in 'boundary' parameter"}>>> = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary<<<{"description": "The downstream surface (must also be specified in 'boundary' parameter"}>>> = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor<<<{"description": "A vector functor to compute a flux to weigh the pressure for the pressure average computations. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = 'momentum'
    boundary<<<{"description": "The list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this object applies"}>>> = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure<<<{"description": "The pressure functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = pressure
  []
[]

[Functions<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Functions/index.html"}>>>]
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction<<<{"description": "Function created by parsing a string", "href": "../functions/MooseParsedFunction.html"}>>>
    expression<<<{"description": "The user defined function."}>>> = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names<<<{"description": "Symbols (excluding t,x,y,z) that are bound to the values provided by the corresponding items in the vals vector."}>>> = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values<<<{"description": "Constant numeric values, postprocessor names, function names, and scalar variables corresponding to the symbols in symbol_names."}>>> = pdrop_diode
  []
[]

The final strategy is to compute the mass flow rate through the diode, and block (add friction to) the flow if it exceeds a certain value.

[Controls<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Controls/index.html"}>>>]
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl<<<{"description": "Sets the value of a 'bool' input parameters to the value of a provided function.", "href": "../controls/BoolFunctionControl.html"}>>>
    function<<<{"description": "The function to use for controlling the specified parameter."}>>> = velocity_big_enough
    parameter<<<{"description": "The input parameter(s) to control. Specify a single parameter name and all parameters in all objects matching the name will be updated"}>>> = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on<<<{"description": "The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html."}>>> = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Postprocessors<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Postprocessors/index.html"}>>>]
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate<<<{"description": "Computes the volumetric flow rate of an advected quantity through a sideset.", "href": "../postprocessors/VolumetricFlowRate.html"}>>>
    boundary<<<{"description": "The list of boundary IDs from the mesh where this object applies"}>>> = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x<<<{"description": "The x-axis velocity"}>>> = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y<<<{"description": "The y-axis velocity"}>>> = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity<<<{"description": "The quantity to advect. This is the canonical parameter to set the advected quantity when finite volume is being used. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number."}>>> = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Functions<<<{"href": "../../syntax/Functions/index.html"}>>>]
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction<<<{"description": "Function created by parsing a string", "href": "../functions/MooseParsedFunction.html"}>>>
    expression<<<{"description": "The user defined function."}>>> = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names<<<{"description": "Symbols (excluding t,x,y,z) that are bound to the values provided by the corresponding items in the vals vector."}>>> = flow_diode
    symbol_values<<<{"description": "Constant numeric values, postprocessor names, function names, and scalar variables corresponding to the symbols in symbol_names."}>>> = flow_diode
  []
[]

note

All these strategies are workarounds for the fact that looking at the local velocity (in multi-dimensional space) to apply a friction term based on this local velocity, rather than an average quantity, seems to be numerically unstable.

Input Parameters

additional_linear_resistanceAdditional linear friction factor
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Additional linear friction factor
additional_quadratic_resistanceAdditional quadratic friction factor
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Additional quadratic friction factor
base_linear_friction_coefsName of the base anistropic Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
C++ Type:MooseFunctorName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Name of the base anistropic Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
base_quadratic_friction_coefsName of the base anistropic Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
C++ Type:MooseFunctorName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Name of the base anistropic Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
directionDirection of the diode
C++ Type:libMesh::VectorValue<double>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Direction of the diode
sum_linear_friction_nameName of the additional Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
C++ Type:MooseFunctorName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Name of the additional Darcy/linear friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
sum_quadratic_friction_nameName of the additional Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
C++ Type:MooseFunctorName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Name of the additional Forchheimer/quadratic friction functor. A functor is any of the following: a variable, a functor material property, a function, a postprocessor or a number.
turn_on_diodeFalseWhether to add the additional friction
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Whether to add the additional friction

Required Parameters

blockThe list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
C++ Type:std::vector<SubdomainName>
Controllable:No
Description:The list of blocks (ids or names) that this object will be applied
declare_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any declared properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
execute_onALWAYSThe list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html.
Default:ALWAYS
C++ Type:ExecFlagEnum
Options:XFEM_MARK, FORWARD, ADJOINT, HOMOGENEOUS_FORWARD, ADJOINT_TIMESTEP_BEGIN, ADJOINT_TIMESTEP_END, NONE, INITIAL, LINEAR, LINEAR_CONVERGENCE, NONLINEAR, NONLINEAR_CONVERGENCE, POSTCHECK, TIMESTEP_END, TIMESTEP_BEGIN, MULTIAPP_FIXED_POINT_END, MULTIAPP_FIXED_POINT_BEGIN, MULTIAPP_FIXED_POINT_CONVERGENCE, FINAL, CUSTOM, ALWAYS
Controllable:No
Description:The list of flag(s) indicating when this object should be executed. For a description of each flag, see https://mooseframework.inl.gov/source/interfaces/SetupInterface.html.

Optional Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator

Advanced Parameters

output_propertiesList of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:List of material properties, from this material, to output (outputs must also be defined to an output type)
outputsnone Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object
Default:none
C++ Type:std::vector<OutputName>
Controllable:No
Description:Vector of output names where you would like to restrict the output of variables(s) associated with this object

Outputs Parameters

Input Files

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/friction.i)
(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/transient_operation.i)

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/friction.i)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.5 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '3 2 3'
    iy = '3 3'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 2
                    2 1 1'
  []

  [top_outlet]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = cmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.499 & y>0.4999'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []

  [bottom_outlet]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_outlet
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.499 & y<0.50001'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'left'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'right'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1'

    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10
    friction_blocks = '1; 2'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'
    standard_friction_formulation = true

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    direction = '1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '4000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = '2'
    turn_on_diode = true
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 Darcy
                               2 diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 Forchheimer
                               2 diode_quad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/transient_operation.i)

# Horizontal H junction with flow in different directions in the two branches
# One of the branches has a diode against the direction of the flow that can
# be triggered using the Controls
# There are 3 different strategies available for the diode blocking the flow
# - based on a time trigger
# - based on a pressure drop (here chosen across the diode)
# - based on a mass flow rate (here chosen through the diode)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

nx = 10
ny = 5

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.3 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.2 0.5'
    ix = '${nx} ${fparse nx/2} ${nx}'
    iy = '${ny} ${ny} ${ny}'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    2 1 2
                    3 4 1'
  []

  [add_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '1 3 4'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'walls'
  []
  [remove_wall_blocks]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = add_walls
    block = 2
  []

  # Add inlets and outlets
  [top_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = remove_wall_blocks
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_left
  []
  [bottom_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_left
  []
  [top_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = bottom_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []
  [bottom_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_right
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []

  # Extra surfaces
  [diode_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = bottom_right
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
  []
  [mid_section]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = diode_inlet
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'mid_connection'
  []

  [reduce_blocks]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = 'mid_section'
    old_block = '4 3 1'
    new_block = '1 diode fluid'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom_left top_right'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0; -1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'bottom_right top_left'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1 1'

    friction_blocks = 'fluid; diode'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    standard_friction_formulation = true
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'

    # Porosity jump treatment
    # Option 1: diffusion correction
    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10

    # Option 2: bernouilli jump
    # porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = bernoulli

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []

  # Material definitions needed for the diode
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    # Friction only in X direction
    direction = '-1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '20000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = 'diode'
    turn_on_diode = false
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Darcy
                               diode diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Forchheimer
                               diode diode_quad'
  []

  # density is constant
  [momentum]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'momentum'
    prop_values = 'superficial_vel_x superficial_vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.015
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Controls]
  active = 'pdrop_based'
  # Case 1: Diode turns on at a certain time and blocks (adds friction) flow at a given time
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = time_function
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 2: Diode looks at pressure drop, reduces flow if positive pressure drop
  # This will not oscillate as the diode increases the pressure drop
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = pdrop_positive
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 3: Diode looks at flow direction & quantity, reduces flow if too much flow
  # in a given direction
  # This will oscillate (turn on/off on each step) if the action of turning the diode
  # makes the amount of flow smaller than the threshold for turning on the diode
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = velocity_big_enough
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Functions are used to parse postprocessors and provide them to a BoolFunctionControl
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values = pdrop_diode
  []
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = flow_diode
    symbol_values = flow_diode
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Analysis of the simulation
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_middle]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'mid_connection'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [pdrop_top_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'top_left top_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [pdrop_bottom_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'bottom_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'bottom_left bottom_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Diode operation
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/transient_operation.i)

# Horizontal H junction with flow in different directions in the two branches
# One of the branches has a diode against the direction of the flow that can
# be triggered using the Controls
# There are 3 different strategies available for the diode blocking the flow
# - based on a time trigger
# - based on a pressure drop (here chosen across the diode)
# - based on a mass flow rate (here chosen through the diode)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

nx = 10
ny = 5

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.3 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.2 0.5'
    ix = '${nx} ${fparse nx/2} ${nx}'
    iy = '${ny} ${ny} ${ny}'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    2 1 2
                    3 4 1'
  []

  [add_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '1 3 4'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'walls'
  []
  [remove_wall_blocks]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = add_walls
    block = 2
  []

  # Add inlets and outlets
  [top_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = remove_wall_blocks
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_left
  []
  [bottom_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_left
  []
  [top_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = bottom_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []
  [bottom_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_right
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []

  # Extra surfaces
  [diode_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = bottom_right
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
  []
  [mid_section]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = diode_inlet
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'mid_connection'
  []

  [reduce_blocks]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = 'mid_section'
    old_block = '4 3 1'
    new_block = '1 diode fluid'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom_left top_right'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0; -1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'bottom_right top_left'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1 1'

    friction_blocks = 'fluid; diode'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    standard_friction_formulation = true
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'

    # Porosity jump treatment
    # Option 1: diffusion correction
    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10

    # Option 2: bernouilli jump
    # porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = bernoulli

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []

  # Material definitions needed for the diode
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    # Friction only in X direction
    direction = '-1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '20000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = 'diode'
    turn_on_diode = false
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Darcy
                               diode diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Forchheimer
                               diode diode_quad'
  []

  # density is constant
  [momentum]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'momentum'
    prop_values = 'superficial_vel_x superficial_vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.015
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Controls]
  active = 'pdrop_based'
  # Case 1: Diode turns on at a certain time and blocks (adds friction) flow at a given time
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = time_function
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 2: Diode looks at pressure drop, reduces flow if positive pressure drop
  # This will not oscillate as the diode increases the pressure drop
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = pdrop_positive
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 3: Diode looks at flow direction & quantity, reduces flow if too much flow
  # in a given direction
  # This will oscillate (turn on/off on each step) if the action of turning the diode
  # makes the amount of flow smaller than the threshold for turning on the diode
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = velocity_big_enough
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Functions are used to parse postprocessors and provide them to a BoolFunctionControl
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values = pdrop_diode
  []
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = flow_diode
    symbol_values = flow_diode
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Analysis of the simulation
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_middle]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'mid_connection'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [pdrop_top_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'top_left top_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [pdrop_bottom_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'bottom_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'bottom_left bottom_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Diode operation
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/transient_operation.i)

# Horizontal H junction with flow in different directions in the two branches
# One of the branches has a diode against the direction of the flow that can
# be triggered using the Controls
# There are 3 different strategies available for the diode blocking the flow
# - based on a time trigger
# - based on a pressure drop (here chosen across the diode)
# - based on a mass flow rate (here chosen through the diode)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

nx = 10
ny = 5

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.3 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.2 0.5'
    ix = '${nx} ${fparse nx/2} ${nx}'
    iy = '${ny} ${ny} ${ny}'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    2 1 2
                    3 4 1'
  []

  [add_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '1 3 4'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'walls'
  []
  [remove_wall_blocks]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = add_walls
    block = 2
  []

  # Add inlets and outlets
  [top_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = remove_wall_blocks
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_left
  []
  [bottom_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_left
  []
  [top_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = bottom_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []
  [bottom_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_right
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []

  # Extra surfaces
  [diode_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = bottom_right
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
  []
  [mid_section]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = diode_inlet
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'mid_connection'
  []

  [reduce_blocks]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = 'mid_section'
    old_block = '4 3 1'
    new_block = '1 diode fluid'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom_left top_right'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0; -1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'bottom_right top_left'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1 1'

    friction_blocks = 'fluid; diode'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    standard_friction_formulation = true
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'

    # Porosity jump treatment
    # Option 1: diffusion correction
    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10

    # Option 2: bernouilli jump
    # porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = bernoulli

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []

  # Material definitions needed for the diode
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    # Friction only in X direction
    direction = '-1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '20000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = 'diode'
    turn_on_diode = false
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Darcy
                               diode diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Forchheimer
                               diode diode_quad'
  []

  # density is constant
  [momentum]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'momentum'
    prop_values = 'superficial_vel_x superficial_vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.015
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Controls]
  active = 'pdrop_based'
  # Case 1: Diode turns on at a certain time and blocks (adds friction) flow at a given time
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = time_function
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 2: Diode looks at pressure drop, reduces flow if positive pressure drop
  # This will not oscillate as the diode increases the pressure drop
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = pdrop_positive
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 3: Diode looks at flow direction & quantity, reduces flow if too much flow
  # in a given direction
  # This will oscillate (turn on/off on each step) if the action of turning the diode
  # makes the amount of flow smaller than the threshold for turning on the diode
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = velocity_big_enough
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Functions are used to parse postprocessors and provide them to a BoolFunctionControl
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values = pdrop_diode
  []
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = flow_diode
    symbol_values = flow_diode
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Analysis of the simulation
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_middle]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'mid_connection'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [pdrop_top_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'top_left top_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [pdrop_bottom_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'bottom_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'bottom_left bottom_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Diode operation
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/friction.i)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.5 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.5'
    ix = '3 2 3'
    iy = '3 3'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 2
                    2 1 1'
  []

  [top_outlet]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = cmg
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.499 & y>0.4999'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []

  [bottom_outlet]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_outlet
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.499 & y<0.50001'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'left'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'right'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1'

    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10
    friction_blocks = '1; 2'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'
    standard_friction_formulation = true

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    direction = '1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '4000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = '2'
    turn_on_diode = true
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 Darcy
                               2 diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = '1 Forchheimer
                               2 diode_quad'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  nl_abs_tol = 1e-14
[]

[Postprocessors]
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
[]

(modules/navier_stokes/test/tests/finite_volume/materials/flow_diode/transient_operation.i)

# Horizontal H junction with flow in different directions in the two branches
# One of the branches has a diode against the direction of the flow that can
# be triggered using the Controls
# There are 3 different strategies available for the diode blocking the flow
# - based on a time trigger
# - based on a pressure drop (here chosen across the diode)
# - based on a mass flow rate (here chosen through the diode)

mu = 0.1
rho = 10

nx = 10
ny = 5

[Mesh]
  [cmg]
    type = CartesianMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    dx = '1 0.3 1'
    dy = '0.5 0.2 0.5'
    ix = '${nx} ${fparse nx/2} ${nx}'
    iy = '${ny} ${ny} ${ny}'
    subdomain_id = '1 1 1
                    2 1 2
                    3 4 1'
  []

  [add_walls]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = 'cmg'
    primary_block = '1 3 4'
    paired_block = '2'
    new_boundary = 'walls'
  []
  [remove_wall_blocks]
    type = BlockDeletionGenerator
    input = add_walls
    block = 2
  []

  # Add inlets and outlets
  [top_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = remove_wall_blocks
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_left
  []
  [bottom_left]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x<0.001 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_left
  []
  [top_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = bottom_left
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y>0.6'
    new_sideset_name = top_right
  []
  [bottom_right]
    type = ParsedGenerateSideset
    input = top_right
    combinatorial_geometry = 'x>2.299 & y<0.6'
    new_sideset_name = bottom_right
  []

  # Extra surfaces
  [diode_inlet]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = bottom_right
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 3
    new_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
  []
  [mid_section]
    type = SideSetsBetweenSubdomainsGenerator
    input = diode_inlet
    primary_block = 4
    paired_block = 1
    new_boundary = 'mid_connection'
  []

  [reduce_blocks]
    type = RenameBlockGenerator
    input = 'mid_section'
    old_block = '4 3 1'
    new_block = '1 diode fluid'
  []
[]

[GlobalParams]
  rhie_chow_user_object = 'pins_rhie_chow_interpolator'
  advected_interp_method = 'upwind'
  velocity_interp_method = 'rc'
[]

[Modules]
  [NavierStokesFV]
    compressibility = 'incompressible'
    porous_medium_treatment = true

    density = ${rho}
    dynamic_viscosity = ${mu}

    initial_velocity = '1e-6 1e-6 0'
    initial_pressure = 0.0

    inlet_boundaries = 'bottom_left top_right'
    momentum_inlet_types = 'fixed-velocity fixed-velocity'
    momentum_inlet_function = '1 0; -1 0'

    wall_boundaries = 'top bottom walls'
    momentum_wall_types = 'noslip noslip noslip'

    outlet_boundaries = 'bottom_right top_left'
    momentum_outlet_types = 'fixed-pressure fixed-pressure'
    pressure_function = '1 1'

    friction_blocks = 'fluid; diode'
    friction_types = 'darcy forchheimer; darcy forchheimer'
    standard_friction_formulation = true
    # Base friction
    # friction_coeffs = 'Darcy Forchheimer; Darcy Forchheimer'
    # Combined with diode
    friction_coeffs = 'combined_linear combined_quadratic; combined_linear combined_quadratic'

    # Porosity jump treatment
    # Option 1: diffusion correction
    use_friction_correction = true
    consistent_scaling = 10

    # Option 2: bernouilli jump
    # porosity_interface_pressure_treatment = bernoulli

    mass_advection_interpolation = 'average'
    momentum_advection_interpolation = 'average'
  []
[]

[FunctorMaterials]
  [porosity]
    type = ADGenericFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'porosity'
    prop_values = '0.5'
  []
  [base_friction]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'Darcy Forchheimer'
    prop_values = '220 240 260 0 0 0'
  []

  # Material definitions needed for the diode
  [diode]
    type = NSFVFrictionFlowDiodeFunctorMaterial
    # Friction only in X direction
    direction = '-1 0 0'
    additional_linear_resistance = '20000 0 0'
    additional_quadratic_resistance = '0 0 0'
    base_linear_friction_coefs = 'Darcy'
    base_quadratic_friction_coefs = 'Forchheimer'
    sum_linear_friction_name = 'diode_linear'
    sum_quadratic_friction_name = 'diode_quad'
    block = 'diode'
    turn_on_diode = false
  []
  [combine_linear_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_linear'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Darcy
                               diode diode_linear'
  []
  [combine_quadratic_friction]
    type = ADPiecewiseByBlockVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_name = 'combined_quadratic'
    subdomain_to_prop_value = 'fluid Forchheimer
                               diode diode_quad'
  []

  # density is constant
  [momentum]
    type = ADGenericVectorFunctorMaterial
    prop_names = 'momentum'
    prop_values = 'superficial_vel_x superficial_vel_y 0'
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Transient
  solve_type = NEWTON
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_factor_shift_type -ksp_gmres_restart'
  petsc_options_value = 'lu       NONZERO               200'
  line_search = 'none'

  end_time = 0.2
  dt = 0.015
  nl_abs_tol = 1e-12
[]

[Controls]
  active = 'pdrop_based'
  # Case 1: Diode turns on at a certain time and blocks (adds friction) flow at a given time
  [time_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = time_function
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 2: Diode looks at pressure drop, reduces flow if positive pressure drop
  # This will not oscillate as the diode increases the pressure drop
  [pdrop_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = pdrop_positive
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []

  # Case 3: Diode looks at flow direction & quantity, reduces flow if too much flow
  # in a given direction
  # This will oscillate (turn on/off on each step) if the action of turning the diode
  # makes the amount of flow smaller than the threshold for turning on the diode
  [flow_based]
    type = BoolFunctionControl
    function = velocity_big_enough
    parameter = 'FunctorMaterials/diode/turn_on_diode'
    execute_on = timestep_begin
  []
[]

[Functions]
  # Functions are used to parse postprocessors and provide them to a BoolFunctionControl
  [time_function]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(t<0.1, 0, 1)'
  []
  [pdrop_positive]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(pdrop_diode>100, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = pdrop_diode
    symbol_values = pdrop_diode
  []
  [velocity_big_enough]
    type = ParsedFunction
    expression = 'if(flow_diode<-0.4, 1, 0)'
    symbol_names = flow_diode
    symbol_values = flow_diode
  []
[]

[Postprocessors]
  # Analysis of the simulation
  [mdot_top]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'top_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_bottom]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'bottom_right'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [mdot_middle]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'mid_connection'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
  [pdrop_top_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'top_left top_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [pdrop_bottom_channel]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'bottom_left'
    downstream_boundary = 'bottom_right'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'bottom_left bottom_right'
    pressure = pressure
  []

  # Diode operation
  [pdrop_diode]
    type = PressureDrop
    upstream_boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    downstream_boundary = 'top_left'
    weighting_functor = 'momentum'
    boundary = 'diode_inlet top_left'
    pressure = pressure
  []
  [flow_diode]
    type = VolumetricFlowRate
    boundary = 'diode_inlet'
    vel_x = superficial_vel_x
    vel_y = superficial_vel_y
    advected_quantity = ${rho}
  []
[]

[Outputs]
  exodus = true
  csv = true
[]

Example input file syntax
Input Parameters
Input Files