- parameterThe input parameter(s) to control
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:The input parameter(s) to control
- valueThe name of control data to be set into the input parameter.
C++ Type:std::string
Controllable:No
Description:The name of control data to be set into the input parameter.
SetRealValueControl
Control object that reads a Real value computed by the control logic system and sets it into a specified MOOSE object parameter(s)
commentnote
ControlData is only defined by the thermal hydraulics module control logic.
Example input syntax
In this example, the value parameter of the AuxKernel called aux_kernel using the value ControlData of the T_inlet_fn ControlLogic.
[ControlLogic<<<{"href": "../../syntax/ControlLogic/index.html"}>>>]
[T_inlet_fn]
type = GetFunctionValueControl<<<{"description": "Sets a ControlData named 'value' with the value of a function", "href": "GetFunctionValueControl.html"}>>>
function<<<{"description": "The name of the function prescribing a value."}>>> = T0_fn
[]
[set_inlet_value]
type = SetRealValueControl<<<{"description": "Control object that reads a Real value computed by the control logic system and sets it into a specified MOOSE object parameter(s)", "href": "SetRealValueControl.html"}>>>
parameter<<<{"description": "The input parameter(s) to control"}>>> = AuxKernels/aux_kernel/value
value<<<{"description": "The name of control data to be set into the input parameter."}>>> = T_inlet_fn:value
[]
[]Input Parameters
- depends_onThe Controls that this control relies upon (i.e. must execute before this one)
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:The Controls that this control relies upon (i.e. must execute before this one)
Optional Parameters
- control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
- enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
- implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Advanced Parameters
Input Files
- (modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/open_brayton_cycle.i)
- (modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)
- (modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_turbine_1phase/turbine_startup.i)
- (modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_real_value_control/test.i)
- (modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/closed_brayton_cycle.i)
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_real_value_control/test.i)
# This is testing that the values set by SetRealValueControl are used.
# The values of function T0_fn are set into an aux-field `aux`. Then,
# we compute the average value of this field in a postprocessor. It
# should be equal to the value of T0_fn.
[GlobalParams]
initial_p = 100.e3
initial_vel = 1.0
initial_T = 350.
closures = simple_closures
[]
[FluidProperties]
[fp]
type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
gamma = 2.35
q = -1167e3
q_prime = 0
p_inf = 1.e9
cv = 1816
[]
[]
[Closures]
[simple_closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Components]
[pipe1]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
fp = fp
position = '0 0 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = 15.0
n_elems = 10
A = 0.01
D_h = 0.1
f = 0.01
[]
[inlet]
type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
input = 'pipe1:in'
p0 = 100.e3
T0 = 350.
[]
[outlet]
type = Outlet1Phase
input = 'pipe1:out'
p = 100.0e3
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[aux]
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[aux_kernel]
type = ConstantAux
variable = aux
value = 350
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Functions]
[T0_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '350 345'
[]
[]
[ControlLogic]
[T_inlet_fn]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = T0_fn
[]
[set_inlet_value]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = AuxKernels/aux_kernel/value
value = T_inlet_fn:value
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[aux]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = aux
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[SMP_PJFNK]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
dt = 0.1
abort_on_solve_fail = true
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
line_search = 'basic'
nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
nl_max_its = 20
l_tol = 1e-3
l_max_its = 5
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
automatic_scaling = true
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/open_brayton_cycle.i)
# This input file is used to demonstrate a simple open-air Brayton cycle using
# a compressor, turbine, shaft, motor, and generator.
# The flow length is divided into 5 segments as illustrated below, where
# - "(I)" denotes the inlet
# - "(C)" denotes the compressor
# - "(T)" denotes the turbine
# - "(O)" denotes the outlet
# - "*" denotes a fictitious junction
#
# Heated section
# (I)-----(C)-----*--------------*-----(T)-----(O)
# 1 2 3 4 5
#
# Initially the fluid is at rest at ambient conditions, the shaft speed is zero,
# and no heat transfer occurs with the system.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
# * 0 - 100 s: motor ramps up torque linearly from zero
# * 100 - 200 s: motor ramps down torque linearly to zero, HTC ramps up linearly from zero.
# * 200 - 300 s: (no changes; should approach steady condition)
I_motor = 1.0
motor_torque_max = 400.0
I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025
motor_ramp_up_duration = 100.0
motor_ramp_down_duration = 100.0
post_motor_time = 100.0
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}
D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
L1 = 10.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${L1}
L4 = ${L1}
L5 = ${L1}
x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${fparse x3 + L3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 + L4}
x2_minus = ${fparse x2 - 0.001}
x2_plus = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
x5_minus = ${fparse x5 - 0.001}
x5_plus = ${fparse x5 + 0.001}
n_elems1 = 10
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0
A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0
c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112
rated_mfr = 0.25
speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}
speed_initial = 0
eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843
T_hot = 1000
T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5
[GlobalParams]
orientation = '1 0 0'
gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
initial_p = ${p_ambient}
initial_T = ${T_ambient}
initial_vel = 0
initial_vel_x = 0
initial_vel_y = 0
initial_vel_z = 0
fp = fp_air
closures = closures
f = 0
scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]
[Functions]
[motor_torque_time_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
y = '0 ${motor_torque_max} 0'
[]
[motor_torque_fn]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 0 # controlled
[]
[motor_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[generator_torque_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'slope * t'
symbol_names = 'slope'
symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
[]
[generator_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[htc_wall_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
y = '0 0 1e3'
[]
[]
[FluidProperties]
[fp_air]
type = IdealGasFluidProperties
emit_on_nan = none
[]
[]
[Closures]
[closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Components]
[shaft]
type = Shaft
connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
[]
[motor]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_motor}
torque = motor_torque_fn
[]
[generator]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_generator}
torque = generator_torque_fn
[]
[inlet]
type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
input = 'pipe1:in'
p0 = ${p_ambient}
T0 = ${T_ambient}
[]
[pipe1]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x1} 0 0'
length = ${L1}
n_elems = ${n_elems1}
A = ${A1}
[]
[compressor]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x2} 0 0'
inlet = 'pipe1:out'
outlet = 'pipe2:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
volume = ${V_comp}
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_comp}
inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
[pipe2]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x2} 0 0'
length = ${L2}
n_elems = ${n_elems2}
A = ${A2}
[]
[junction2_3]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
[]
[pipe3]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x3} 0 0'
length = ${L3}
n_elems = ${n_elems3}
A = ${A3}
[]
[junction3_4]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
[]
[pipe4]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x4} 0 0'
length = ${L4}
n_elems = ${n_elems4}
A = ${A4}
[]
[turbine]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x5} 0 0'
inlet = 'pipe4:out'
outlet = 'pipe5:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
volume = ${V_turb}
treat_as_turbine = true
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_turb}
inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
[pipe5]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x5} 0 0'
length = ${L5}
n_elems = ${n_elems5}
A = ${A5}
[]
[outlet]
type = Outlet1Phase
input = 'pipe5:out'
p = ${p_ambient}
[]
[heating]
type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
flow_channel = pipe3
T_wall = ${T_hot}
Hw = htc_wall_fn
[]
[]
[ControlLogic]
[get_motor_torque_control]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = motor_torque_time_fn
[]
[set_motor_torque_control]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
value = get_motor_torque_control:value
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[heating_rate]
type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
block = 'pipe3'
T = T
T_wall = T_wall
Hw = Hw
P_hf = P_hf
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[motor_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[motor_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = motor_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
indirect_dependencies = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[generator_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[generator_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = generator_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
indirect_dependencies = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[shaft_speed]
type = ScalarVariable
variable = 'shaft:omega'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_in_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x2_minus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x2_plus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_comp]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_in_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x5_minus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x5_plus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_turb]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[mfr_comp]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe1:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = compressor
[]
[mfr_turb]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe4:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = turbine
[]
[compressor:isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'isentropic_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[compressor:dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'dissipation_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[compressor:friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'friction_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'isentropic_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'dissipation_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'friction_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[pc]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
scheme = 'bdf2'
end_time = ${t3}
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
optimal_iterations = 5
iteration_window = 0
dt = 0.1
growth_factor = 1.2
cutback_factor = 0.8
[]
dtmin = 1e-3
dtmax = 10
solve_type = NEWTON
nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
nl_max_its = 15
l_tol = 1e-4
l_max_its = 10
[]
[Outputs]
[csv]
type = CSV
file_base = 'open_brayton_cycle'
execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
[]
[console]
type = Console
show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb compressor:pressure_ratio turbine:pressure_ratio'
[]
[]
[Functions]
# compressor pressure ratio
[rp_comp1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# compressor efficiency
[eff_comp1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
# turbine pressure ratio
[rp_turb0]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 1
[]
[rp_turb1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# turbine efficiency
[eff_turb1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[]
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/recuperated_brayton_cycle.i)
# This input file models an open, recuperated Brayton cycle with a PID
# controlled start up using a coupled motor.
#
# Heat is supplied to the system by a volumetric heat source, and a second heat
# source is used to model a recuperator. The recuperator transfers heat from the
# turbine exhaust gas to the compressor outlet gas.
#
# Initially the fluid and heat structures are at rest at ambient conditions,
# and the shaft speed is zero.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
# * 0 - 2000 s: Motor increases shaft speed to approx. 85,000 RPM by PID control
# * 1000 - 8600 s: Power in main heat source increases from 0 - 104 kW
# * 2000 - 200000 s: Torque supplied by turbine increases to steady state level
# as working fluid temperature increases. Torque supplied by
# the motor is ramped down to 0 N-m transitioning shaft control
# to the turbine at its rated speed of 96,000 RPM.
I_motor = 1.0
I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025
motor_ramp_up_duration = 3605
motor_ramp_down_duration = 1800
post_motor_time = 2160000
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}
D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}
D7 = ${D1}
D8 = ${D1}
A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}
A7 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D7^2}
A8 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D8^2}
recuperator_width = 0.15
L1 = 5.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L4 = ${fparse 2 * L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}
L7 = ${fparse L1 + recuperator_width}
L8 = ${L1}
x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${x3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 - L4}
x6 = ${x5}
x7 = ${fparse x6 + L6}
x8 = ${fparse x7 + L7}
y1 = 0
y2 = ${y1}
y3 = ${y2}
y4 = ${fparse y3 - L3}
y5 = ${y4}
y6 = ${fparse y5 + L5}
y7 = ${y6}
y8 = ${y7}
x1_out = ${fparse x1 + L1 - 0.001}
x2_in = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
y5_in = ${fparse y5 + 0.001}
x6_out = ${fparse x6 + L6 - 0.001}
x7_in = ${fparse x7 + 0.001}
y8_in = ${fparse y8 + 0.001}
y8_out = ${fparse y8 + L8 - 0.001}
hot_leg_in = ${y8_in}
hot_leg_out = ${y8_out}
cold_leg_in = ${fparse y3 - 0.001}
cold_leg_out = ${fparse y3 - (L3/2) - 0.001}
n_elems1 = 5
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${fparse 2 * n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems7 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems8 = ${n_elems1}
A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0
A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0
c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112
rated_mfr = 0.25
speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}
speed_initial = 0
eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843
T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5
hs_power = 105750
[GlobalParams]
gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
initial_p = ${p_ambient}
initial_T = ${T_ambient}
initial_vel = 0
initial_vel_x = 0
initial_vel_y = 0
initial_vel_z = 0
fp = fp_air
closures = closures
f = 0
scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
scaling_factor_rhouV = 1e-2
scaling_factor_rhovV = 1e-2
scaling_factor_rhowV = 1e-2
scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
scaling_factor_temperature = 1e-2
rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]
[FluidProperties]
[fp_air]
type = IdealGasFluidProperties
emit_on_nan = none
[]
[]
[SolidProperties]
[steel]
type = ThermalFunctionSolidProperties
rho = 8050
k = 45
cp = 466
[]
[]
[Closures]
[closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Functions]
##########################
# Motor
##########################
# Functions for control logic that determines when to shut off the PID system
[is_tripped_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
symbol_names = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque'
expression = 'turbine_torque > motor_torque'
[]
[PID_tripped_constant_value]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 1
[]
[PID_tripped_status_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status'
symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status'
expression = 'PID_trip_status'
[]
[time_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = t
[]
# Shutdown function which ramps down the motor once told by the control logic
[motor_torque_fn_shutdown]
type = ParsedFunction
symbol_values = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
symbol_names = 'PID_trip_status time_trip'
expression = 'if(PID_trip_status = 1, max(2.4 - (2.4 * ((t - time_trip) / 35000)),0.0), 1)'
[]
[motor_torque_fn]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 0 # controlled
[]
# Generates motor power curve
[motor_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
[]
##########################
# Generator
##########################
# Generates generator torque curve
[generator_torque_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'slope * t'
symbol_names = 'slope'
symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
[]
# Generates generator power curve
[generator_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
[]
##########################
# Reactor
##########################
# Ramps up reactor power when activated by control logic
[power_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1000 8600'
y = '0 0 ${hs_power}'
[]
##########################
# Compressor
##########################
# compressor pressure ratios
[rp_comp1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# compressor efficiencies
[eff_comp1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
##########################
# Turbine
##########################
# turbine pressure ratios
[rp_turb0]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 1
[]
[rp_turb1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# turbine efficiency
[eff_turb1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[]
[Components]
# system inlet pulling air from the open atmosphere
[inlet]
type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
input = 'pipe1:in'
p0 = ${p_ambient}
T0 = ${T_ambient}
[]
# Inlet pipe
[pipe1]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x1} ${y1} 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = ${L1}
n_elems = ${n_elems1}
A = ${A1}
[]
# Compressor as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020)
[compressor]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
inlet = 'pipe1:out'
outlet = 'pipe2:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
volume = ${V_comp}
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
# Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_comp}
inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
# Outlet pipe from the compressor
[pipe2]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x2} ${y2} 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = ${L2}
n_elems = ${n_elems2}
A = ${A2}
[]
# 90 degree connection between pipe 2 and 3
[junction2_cold_leg]
type = VolumeJunction1Phase
connections = 'pipe2:out cold_leg:in'
position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
volume = ${fparse A2*0.1}
[]
# Cold leg of the recuperator
[cold_leg]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
orientation = '0 -1 0'
length = ${fparse L3/2}
n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
A = ${A3}
[]
# Recuperator which transfers heat from exhaust gas to reactor inlet gas to improve thermal efficency
[recuperator]
type = HeatStructureCylindrical
orientation = '0 -1 0'
position = '${x3} ${y3} 0'
length = ${fparse L3/2}
widths = ${recuperator_width}
n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
n_part_elems = 2
names = recuperator
solid_properties = steel
solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
inner_radius = ${D1}
[]
# heat transfer from recuperator to cold leg
[heat_transfer_cold_leg]
type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
flow_channel = cold_leg
hs = recuperator
hs_side = OUTER
Hw = 10000
[]
# heat transfer from hot leg to recuperator
[heat_transfer_hot_leg]
type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
flow_channel = hot_leg
hs = recuperator
hs_side = INNER
Hw = 10000
[]
[junction_cold_leg_3]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'cold_leg:out pipe3:in'
[]
[pipe3]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x3} ${fparse y3 - (L3/2)} 0'
orientation = '0 -1 0'
length = ${fparse L3/2}
n_elems = ${fparse n_elems3/2}
A = ${A3}
[]
# 90 degree connection between pipe 3 and 4
[junction3_4]
type = VolumeJunction1Phase
connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
volume = ${fparse A3*0.1}
[]
# Pipe through the "reactor core"
[pipe4]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
orientation = '-1 0 0'
length = ${L4}
n_elems = ${n_elems4}
A = ${A4}
[]
# "Reactor Core" and it's associated heat transfer to pipe 4
[reactor]
type = HeatStructureCylindrical
orientation = '-1 0 0'
position = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
length = ${L4}
widths = 0.15
n_elems = ${n_elems4}
n_part_elems = 2
names = core
solid_properties = steel
solid_properties_T_ref = '300'
[]
[total_power]
type = TotalPower
power = 0
[]
[heat_generation]
type = HeatSourceFromTotalPower
power = total_power
hs = reactor
regions = core
[]
[heat_transfer]
type = HeatTransferFromHeatStructure1Phase
flow_channel = pipe4
hs = reactor
hs_side = OUTER
Hw = 10000
[]
# 90 degree connection between pipe 4 and 5
[junction4_5]
type = VolumeJunction1Phase
connections = 'pipe4:out pipe5:in'
position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
volume = ${fparse A4*0.1}
[]
# Pipe carrying hot gas back to the PCU
[pipe5]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x5} ${y5} 0'
orientation = '0 1 0'
length = ${L5}
n_elems = ${n_elems5}
A = ${A5}
[]
# 90 degree connection between pipe 5 and 6
[junction5_6]
type = VolumeJunction1Phase
connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
volume = ${fparse A5*0.1}
[]
# Inlet pipe to the turbine
[pipe6]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x6} ${y6} 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = ${L6}
n_elems = ${n_elems6}
A = ${A6}
[]
# Turbine as defined in MAGNET PCU document (Guillen 2020) and (Wright 2006)
[turbine]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
inlet = 'pipe6:out'
outlet = 'pipe7:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
volume = ${V_turb}
# A turbine is treated as an "inverse" compressor, this value determines if component is to be treated as turbine or compressor
# If treat_as_turbine is omitted, code automatically assumes it is a compressor
treat_as_turbine = true
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
# Determines which compression ratio curve and efficiency curve to use depending on ratio of speed/rated_speed
speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_turb}
inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
# Outlet pipe from turbine
[pipe7]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x7} ${y7} 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = ${L7}
n_elems = ${n_elems7}
A = ${A7}
[]
# 90 degree connection between pipe 7 and 8
[junction7_hot_leg]
type = VolumeJunction1Phase
connections = 'pipe7:out hot_leg:in'
position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
volume = ${fparse A7*0.1}
[]
# Hot leg of the recuperator
[hot_leg]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x8} ${y8} 0'
orientation = '0 1 0'
length = ${L8}
n_elems = ${n_elems8}
A = ${A8}
[]
# System outlet dumping exhaust gas to the atmosphere
[outlet]
type = Outlet1Phase
input = 'hot_leg:out'
p = ${p_ambient}
[]
# Roatating shaft connecting motor, compressor, turbine, and generator
[shaft]
type = Shaft
connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
[]
# 3-Phase electircal motor used for system start-up, controlled by PID
[motor]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_motor}
torque = 0 # controlled
[]
# Electric generator supplying power to the grid
[generator]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_generator}
torque = generator_torque_fn
[]
[]
# Control logics which govern startup of the motor, startup of the "reactor core", and shutdown of the motor
[ControlLogic]
# Sets desired shaft speed to be reached by motor NOTE: SHOULD BE SET LOWER THAN RATED TURBINE RPM
[set_point]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm - 9000}
[]
# PID with gains determined by iterative process NOTE: Gain values are system specific
[initial_motor_PID]
type = PIDControl
set_point = set_point:value
input = shaft_RPM
initial_value = 0
K_p = 0.0011
K_i = 0.00000004
K_d = 0
[]
# Determines when the PID system should be running and when it should begin the shutdown cycle. If needed: PID output, else: shutdown function
[logic]
type = ParsedFunctionControl
function = 'if(motor+0.5 > turb, PID, shutdown_fn)'
symbol_names = 'motor turb PID shutdown_fn'
symbol_values = 'motor_torque turbine_torque initial_motor_PID:output motor_torque_fn_shutdown'
[]
# Takes the output generated in [logic] and applies it to the motor torque
[motor_PID]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
value = logic:value
[]
# Determines when to turn on heat source
[power_logic]
type = ParsedFunctionControl
function = 'power_fn'
symbol_names = 'power_fn'
symbol_values = 'power_fn'
[]
# Applies heat source to the total_power block
[power_applied]
type = SetComponentRealValueControl
component = total_power
parameter = power
value = power_logic:value
[]
[]
[Controls]
# Enables set_PID_tripped
[PID_trip_status]
type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
conditional_function = is_tripped_fn
enable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::PID_trip_status_aux'
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
# Enables set_time_PID
[time_PID]
type = ConditionalFunctionEnableControl
conditional_function = PID_tripped_status_fn
disable_objects = 'AuxScalarKernels::time_trip_aux'
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
# Creates a variable that will later be set to the time when tau_turbine > tau_motor
[time_trip]
order = FIRST
family = SCALAR
[]
# Creates variable which indicates if tau_turbine > tau_motor....... If tau_motor > tau_turbine, 0, else 1
[PID_trip_status]
order = FIRST
family = SCALAR
initial_condition = 0
[]
[]
[AuxScalarKernels]
# Creates variable from time_fn which indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
[time_trip_aux]
type = FunctionScalarAux
function = time_fn
variable = time_trip
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
# Overwrites variable PID_trip_status to the value from PID_tripped_constant_value (changes 0 to 1)
[PID_trip_status_aux]
type = FunctionScalarAux
function = PID_tripped_constant_value
variable = PID_trip_status
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
enable = false
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
# Indicates when tau_turbine > tau_motor
[trip_time]
type = ScalarVariable
variable = time_trip
execute_on = 'TIMESTEP_END'
[]
##########################
# Motor
##########################
[motor_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[motor_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = motor_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
##########################
# generator
##########################
[generator_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[generator_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = generator_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
##########################
# Shaft
##########################
# Speed in rad/s
[shaft_speed]
type = ScalarVariable
variable = 'shaft:omega'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
# speed in RPM
[shaft_RPM]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'shaft_speed'
expression = '(shaft_speed * 60) /( 2 * ${fparse pi})'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
##########################
# Compressor
##########################
[comp_dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = dissipation_torque
block = 'compressor'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[comp_isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = isentropic_torque
block = 'compressor'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[comp_friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = friction_torque
block = 'compressor'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[compressor_torque]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'comp_dissipation_torque comp_isentropic_torque comp_friction_torque'
expression = 'comp_dissipation_torque + comp_isentropic_torque + comp_friction_torque'
[]
[p_in_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_comp]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[T_in_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x1_out} ${y1} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[T_out_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x2_in} ${y2} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[T_ratio_comp]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'T_in_comp T_out_comp'
expression = '(T_out_comp - T_in_comp) / T_out_comp'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[mfr_comp]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe1:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = compressor
[]
##########################
# turbine
##########################
[turb_dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = dissipation_torque
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turb_isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = isentropic_torque
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turb_friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = friction_torque
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine_torque]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'turb_dissipation_torque turb_isentropic_torque turb_friction_torque'
expression = 'turb_dissipation_torque + turb_isentropic_torque + turb_friction_torque'
[]
[p_in_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_turb]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[T_in_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x6_out} ${y6} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[T_out_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x7_in} ${y7} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[mfr_turb]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe6:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = turbine
[]
##########################
# Recuperator
##########################
[cold_leg_in]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_in} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[cold_leg_out]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x3} ${cold_leg_out} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[hot_leg_in]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_in} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[hot_leg_out]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x8} ${hot_leg_out} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
##########################
# Reactor
##########################
[reactor_inlet]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x4} ${y4} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[reactor_outlet]
type = PointValue
variable = T
point = '${x5} ${y5_in} 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
scheme = 'bdf2'
end_time = ${t3}
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
dt = 0.01
growth_factor = 1.1
cutback_factor = 0.9
[]
dtmin = 1e-5
dtmax = 1000
steady_state_detection = true
steady_state_start_time = 200000
solve_type = NEWTON
nl_rel_tol = 1e-8
nl_abs_tol = 1e-8
nl_max_its = 15
l_tol = 1e-4
l_max_its = 10
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = ' lu '
[]
[Outputs]
[e]
type = Exodus
file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle_out'
[]
[csv]
type = CSV
file_base = 'recuperated_brayton_cycle'
execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
[]
[console]
type = Console
show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb'
[]
[]
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/components/shaft_connected_turbine_1phase/turbine_startup.i)
# This test tests that the turbine can startup from rest and reach full power.
# The mass flow rate for the inlet component is ramped up over 10s. The dyno
# component and pid_ctrl controler are used to maintain the turbine's rated shaft
# speed. The turbine should supply ~1e6 W of power to the shaft by the end of the test.
omega_rated = 450
mdot = 5.0
T_in = 1000.0
p_out = 1e6
[GlobalParams]
f = 1
scaling_factor_1phase = '0.04 0.04 0.04e-5'
closures = simple_closures
n_elems = 20
initial_T = ${T_in}
initial_p = ${p_out}
initial_vel = 0
initial_vel_x = 0
initial_vel_y = 0
initial_vel_z = 0
[]
[FluidProperties]
[eos]
type = IdealGasFluidProperties
[]
[]
[Closures]
[simple_closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Components]
[ch_in]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '-1 0 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = 1
A = 0.1
D_h = 1
fp = eos
[]
[inlet]
type = InletMassFlowRateTemperature1Phase
input = 'ch_in:in'
m_dot = 0
T = ${T_in}
[]
[turbine]
type = ShaftConnectedTurbine1Phase
inlet = 'ch_in:out'
outlet = 'ch_out:in'
position = '0 0 0'
scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
A_ref = 0.1
volume = 0.0002
inertia_coeff = '1 1 1 1'
inertia_const = 1.61397
speed_cr_I = 1e12
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
tau_fr_const = 0
omega_rated = ${omega_rated}
D_wheel = 0.4
head_coefficient = head
power_coefficient = power
[]
[ch_out]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '0 0 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = 1
A = 0.1
D_h = 1
fp = eos
[]
[outlet]
type = Outlet1Phase
input = 'ch_out:out'
p = ${p_out}
[]
[dyno]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = 10
torque = dyno_torque_fn
[]
[shaft]
type = Shaft
connected_components = 'turbine dyno'
initial_speed = ${omega_rated}
[]
[]
[Functions]
[head]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 7e-3 1e-2'
y = '0 15 20'
[]
[power]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 6e-3 1e-2'
y = '0 0.05 0.18'
[]
[mfr_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 10'
y = '1e-6 ${mdot}'
[]
[dts]
type = PiecewiseConstant
y = '5e-3 1e-2 5e-2 5e-1'
x = '0 0.5 1 10'
[]
[dyno_torque_fn]
type = ConstantFunction
value = -450 # controlled
[]
[]
[ControlLogic]
[mfr_cntrl]
type = TimeFunctionComponentControl
component = inlet
parameter = m_dot
function = mfr_fn
[]
[speed_set_point]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = ${omega_rated}
[]
[pid_ctrl]
type = PIDControl
input = omega
set_point = speed_set_point:value
K_i = 2
K_p = 5
K_d = 5
initial_value = -450
[]
[set_torque_value]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = Functions/dyno_torque_fn/value
value = pid_ctrl:output
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[omega]
type = ScalarVariable
variable = shaft:omega
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[flow_coefficient]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = flow_coeff
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[delta_p]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = delta_p
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[power]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = power
block = 'turbine'
execute_on = 'initial timestep_end'
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[SMP]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
scheme = 'implicit-euler'
start_time = 0
[TimeStepper]
type = FunctionDT
function = dts
[]
end_time = 20
abort_on_solve_fail = true
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
line_search = 'basic'
nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
nl_abs_tol = 1e-4
nl_max_its = 30
l_tol = 1e-4
l_max_its = 20
[Quadrature]
type = GAUSS
order = SECOND
[]
[]
[Outputs]
[console]
type = Console
max_rows = 1
[]
print_linear_residuals = false
[]
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/controls/set_real_value_control/test.i)
# This is testing that the values set by SetRealValueControl are used.
# The values of function T0_fn are set into an aux-field `aux`. Then,
# we compute the average value of this field in a postprocessor. It
# should be equal to the value of T0_fn.
[GlobalParams]
initial_p = 100.e3
initial_vel = 1.0
initial_T = 350.
closures = simple_closures
[]
[FluidProperties]
[fp]
type = StiffenedGasFluidProperties
gamma = 2.35
q = -1167e3
q_prime = 0
p_inf = 1.e9
cv = 1816
[]
[]
[Closures]
[simple_closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Components]
[pipe1]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
fp = fp
position = '0 0 0'
orientation = '1 0 0'
length = 15.0
n_elems = 10
A = 0.01
D_h = 0.1
f = 0.01
[]
[inlet]
type = InletStagnationPressureTemperature1Phase
input = 'pipe1:in'
p0 = 100.e3
T0 = 350.
[]
[outlet]
type = Outlet1Phase
input = 'pipe1:out'
p = 100.0e3
[]
[]
[AuxVariables]
[aux]
[]
[]
[AuxKernels]
[aux_kernel]
type = ConstantAux
variable = aux
value = 350
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Functions]
[T0_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 1'
y = '350 345'
[]
[]
[ControlLogic]
[T_inlet_fn]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = T0_fn
[]
[set_inlet_value]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = AuxKernels/aux_kernel/value
value = T_inlet_fn:value
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[aux]
type = ElementAverageValue
variable = aux
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[SMP_PJFNK]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
dt = 0.1
abort_on_solve_fail = true
solve_type = 'PJFNK'
line_search = 'basic'
nl_rel_tol = 1e-6
nl_abs_tol = 1e-6
nl_max_its = 20
l_tol = 1e-3
l_max_its = 5
petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type'
petsc_options_value = 'lu'
start_time = 0.0
end_time = 1
automatic_scaling = true
[]
[Outputs]
csv = true
[]
(modules/thermal_hydraulics/test/tests/problems/brayton_cycle/closed_brayton_cycle.i)
# This input file is used to demonstrate a simple closed, air Brayton cycle using
# a compressor, turbine, shaft, motor, and generator.
# The flow length is divided into 6 segments as illustrated below, where
# - "(C)" denotes the compressor
# - "(T)" denotes the turbine
# - "*" denotes a fictitious junction
#
# Heated section Cooled section
# *-----(C)-----*--------------*-----(T)-----*--------------*
# 1 2 3 4 5 6
#
# Initially the fluid is at rest at ambient conditions, the shaft speed is zero,
# and no heat transfer occurs with the system.
# The transient is controlled as follows:
# * 0 - 100 s: motor ramps up torque linearly from zero
# * 100 - 200 s: motor ramps down torque linearly to zero, HTC ramps up linearly from zero.
# * 200 - 300 s: (no changes; should approach steady condition)
I_motor = 1.0
motor_torque_max = 400.0
I_generator = 1.0
generator_torque_per_shaft_speed = -0.00025
motor_ramp_up_duration = 100.0
motor_ramp_down_duration = 100.0
post_motor_time = 100.0
t1 = ${motor_ramp_up_duration}
t2 = ${fparse t1 + motor_ramp_down_duration}
t3 = ${fparse t2 + post_motor_time}
D1 = 0.15
D2 = ${D1}
D3 = ${D1}
D4 = ${D1}
D5 = ${D1}
D6 = ${D1}
A1 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D1^2}
A2 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D2^2}
A3 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D3^2}
A4 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D4^2}
A5 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D5^2}
A6 = ${fparse 0.25 * pi * D6^2}
L1 = 10.0
L2 = ${L1}
L3 = ${L1}
L4 = ${L1}
L5 = ${L1}
L6 = ${L1}
x1 = 0.0
x2 = ${fparse x1 + L1}
x3 = ${fparse x2 + L2}
x4 = ${fparse x3 + L3}
x5 = ${fparse x4 + L4}
x6 = ${fparse x5 + L5}
x2_minus = ${fparse x2 - 0.001}
x2_plus = ${fparse x2 + 0.001}
x5_minus = ${fparse x5 - 0.001}
x5_plus = ${fparse x5 + 0.001}
n_elems1 = 10
n_elems2 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems3 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems4 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems5 = ${n_elems1}
n_elems6 = ${n_elems1}
A_ref_comp = ${fparse 0.5 * (A1 + A2)}
V_comp = ${fparse A_ref_comp * 1.0}
I_comp = 1.0
A_ref_turb = ${fparse 0.5 * (A4 + A5)}
V_turb = ${fparse A_ref_turb * 1.0}
I_turb = 1.0
c0_rated_comp = 351.6925137
rho0_rated_comp = 1.146881112
rated_mfr = 0.25
speed_rated_rpm = 96000
speed_rated = ${fparse speed_rated_rpm * 2 * pi / 60.0}
speed_initial = 0
eff_comp = 0.79
eff_turb = 0.843
T_hot = 1000
T_cold = 300
T_ambient = 300
p_ambient = 1e5
[GlobalParams]
orientation = '1 0 0'
gravity_vector = '0 0 0'
initial_p = ${p_ambient}
initial_T = ${T_ambient}
initial_vel = 0
initial_vel_x = 0
initial_vel_y = 0
initial_vel_z = 0
fp = fp_air
closures = closures
f = 0
scaling_factor_1phase = '1 1 1e-5'
scaling_factor_rhoV = 1
scaling_factor_rhouV = 1
scaling_factor_rhovV = 1
scaling_factor_rhowV = 1
scaling_factor_rhoEV = 1e-5
rdg_slope_reconstruction = none
[]
[Functions]
[motor_torque_time_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
y = '0 ${motor_torque_max} 0'
[]
[motor_torque_fn]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 0 # controlled
[]
[motor_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[generator_torque_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'slope * t'
symbol_names = 'slope'
symbol_values = '${generator_torque_per_shaft_speed}'
[]
[generator_power_fn]
type = ParsedFunction
expression = 'torque * speed'
symbol_names = 'torque speed'
symbol_values = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[htc_wall_fn]
type = PiecewiseLinear
x = '0 ${t1} ${t2}'
y = '0 0 1e3'
[]
[]
[FluidProperties]
[fp_air]
type = IdealGasFluidProperties
emit_on_nan = none
[]
[]
[Closures]
[closures]
type = Closures1PhaseSimple
[]
[]
[Components]
[shaft]
type = Shaft
connected_components = 'motor compressor turbine generator'
initial_speed = ${speed_initial}
scaling_factor_omega = 1e-3
[]
[motor]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_motor}
torque = motor_torque_fn
[]
[generator]
type = ShaftConnectedMotor
inertia = ${I_generator}
torque = generator_torque_fn
[]
[pipe1]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x1} 0 0'
length = ${L1}
n_elems = ${n_elems1}
A = ${A1}
[]
[compressor]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x2} 0 0'
inlet = 'pipe1:out'
outlet = 'pipe2:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_comp}
volume = ${V_comp}
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
speeds = '0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_comp1 rp_comp2 rp_comp3 rp_comp4 rp_comp5'
eff_functions = 'eff_comp1 eff_comp2 eff_comp3 eff_comp4 eff_comp5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_comp}
inertia_coeff = '${I_comp} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
[pipe2]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x2} 0 0'
length = ${L2}
n_elems = ${n_elems2}
A = ${A2}
[]
[junction2_3]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe2:out pipe3:in'
[]
[pipe3]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x3} 0 0'
length = ${L3}
n_elems = ${n_elems3}
A = ${A3}
[]
[junction3_4]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe3:out pipe4:in'
[]
[pipe4]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x4} 0 0'
length = ${L4}
n_elems = ${n_elems4}
A = ${A4}
[]
[turbine]
type = ShaftConnectedCompressor1Phase
position = '${x5} 0 0'
inlet = 'pipe4:out'
outlet = 'pipe5:in'
A_ref = ${A_ref_turb}
volume = ${V_turb}
treat_as_turbine = true
omega_rated = ${speed_rated}
mdot_rated = ${rated_mfr}
c0_rated = ${c0_rated_comp}
rho0_rated = ${rho0_rated_comp}
speeds = '0 0.5208 0.6250 0.7292 0.8333 0.9375'
Rp_functions = 'rp_turb0 rp_turb1 rp_turb2 rp_turb3 rp_turb4 rp_turb5'
eff_functions = 'eff_turb1 eff_turb1 eff_turb2 eff_turb3 eff_turb4 eff_turb5'
min_pressure_ratio = 1.0
speed_cr_I = 0
inertia_const = ${I_turb}
inertia_coeff = '${I_turb} 0 0 0'
# assume no shaft friction
speed_cr_fr = 0
tau_fr_const = 0
tau_fr_coeff = '0 0 0 0'
[]
[pipe5]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x5} 0 0'
length = ${L5}
n_elems = ${n_elems5}
A = ${A5}
[]
[junction5_6]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe5:out pipe6:in'
[]
[pipe6]
type = FlowChannel1Phase
position = '${x6} 0 0'
length = ${L6}
n_elems = ${n_elems6}
A = ${A6}
[]
[junction6_1]
type = JunctionOneToOne1Phase
connections = 'pipe6:out pipe1:in'
[]
[heating]
type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
flow_channel = pipe3
T_wall = ${T_hot}
Hw = htc_wall_fn
[]
[cooling]
type = HeatTransferFromSpecifiedTemperature1Phase
flow_channel = pipe6
T_wall = ${T_cold}
Hw = htc_wall_fn
[]
[]
[ControlLogic]
[get_motor_torque_control]
type = GetFunctionValueControl
function = motor_torque_time_fn
[]
[set_motor_torque_control]
type = SetRealValueControl
parameter = Functions/motor_torque_fn/value
value = get_motor_torque_control:value
[]
[]
[Postprocessors]
[heating_rate]
type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
block = 'pipe3'
T = T
T_wall = T_wall
Hw = Hw
P_hf = P_hf
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[cooling_rate]
type = ADHeatRateConvection1Phase
block = 'pipe6'
T = T
T_wall = T_wall
Hw = Hw
P_hf = P_hf
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[motor_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = motor:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[motor_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = motor_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
indirect_dependencies = 'motor_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[generator_torque]
type = ShaftConnectedComponentPostprocessor
quantity = torque
shaft_connected_component_uo = generator:shaftconnected_uo
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[generator_power]
type = FunctionValuePostprocessor
function = generator_power_fn
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
indirect_dependencies = 'generator_torque shaft:omega'
[]
[shaft_speed]
type = ScalarVariable
variable = 'shaft:omega'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_in_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x2_minus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_comp]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x2_plus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_comp]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_comp p_out_comp'
expression = 'p_out_comp / p_in_comp'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_in_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x5_minus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_out_turb]
type = PointValue
variable = p
point = '${x5_plus} 0 0'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[p_ratio_turb]
type = ParsedPostprocessor
pp_names = 'p_in_turb p_out_turb'
expression = 'p_in_turb / p_out_turb'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[mfr_comp]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe1:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = compressor
[]
[mfr_turb]
type = ADFlowJunctionFlux1Phase
boundary = pipe4:out
connection_index = 0
equation = mass
junction = turbine
[]
[compressor:isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'isentropic_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[compressor:dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'dissipation_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[compressor:friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'compressor'
variable = 'friction_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:isentropic_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'isentropic_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:dissipation_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'dissipation_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[turbine:friction_torque]
type = ElementAverageValue
block = 'turbine'
variable = 'friction_torque'
execute_on = 'INITIAL TIMESTEP_END'
[]
[]
[Preconditioning]
[pc]
type = SMP
full = true
[]
[]
[Executioner]
type = Transient
scheme = 'bdf2'
end_time = ${t3}
[TimeStepper]
type = IterationAdaptiveDT
optimal_iterations = 5
iteration_window = 0
dt = 0.1
growth_factor = 1.2
cutback_factor = 0.8
[]
dtmin = 1e-3
dtmax = 10
solve_type = NEWTON
nl_rel_tol = 1e-50
nl_abs_tol = 1e-10
nl_max_its = 15
l_tol = 1e-4
l_max_its = 10
[]
[Outputs]
[csv]
type = CSV
file_base = 'closed_brayton_cycle'
execute_vector_postprocessors_on = 'INITIAL'
[]
[console]
type = Console
show = 'shaft_speed p_ratio_comp p_ratio_turb compressor:pressure_ratio turbine:pressure_ratio'
[]
[]
[Functions]
# compressor pressure ratio
[rp_comp1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_comp5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_comp5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# compressor efficiency
[eff_comp1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
[eff_comp5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_comp}
[]
# turbine pressure ratio
[rp_turb0]
type = ConstantFunction
value = 1
[]
[rp_turb1]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb1.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb2]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb2.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb3]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb3.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb4]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb4.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
[rp_turb5]
type = PiecewiseLinear
data_file = 'rp_turb5.csv'
x_index_in_file = 0
y_index_in_file = 1
format = columns
extrap = true
[]
# turbine efficiency
[eff_turb1]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb2]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb3]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb4]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[eff_turb5]
type = ConstantFunction
value = ${eff_turb}
[]
[]