Line data Source code
1 : /****************************************************************/
2 : /* DO NOT MODIFY THIS HEADER */
3 : /* BlackBear */
4 : /* */
5 : /* (c) 2017 Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC */
6 : /* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED */
7 : /* */
8 : /* Prepared by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC */
9 : /* Under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 */
10 : /* With the U. S. Department of Energy */
11 : /* */
12 : /* See COPYRIGHT for full restrictions */
13 : /****************************************************************/
14 :
15 : #include "ConcreteThermalMoisture.h"
16 : #include "MooseObjectName.h"
17 :
18 : // libMesh includes
19 : #include "libmesh/quadrature.h"
20 :
21 : registerMooseObject("BlackBearApp", ConcreteThermalMoisture);
22 :
23 : InputParameters
24 2102 : ConcreteThermalMoisture::validParams()
25 : {
26 2102 : InputParameters params = Material::validParams();
27 4204 : params.addRequiredParam<std::string>(
28 : "type", "A string representing the Moose Object that is used to call this class");
29 :
30 : // // parameters which will be deprecated soon
31 4204 : MooseEnum thermal_capacity_model("CONSTANT ASCE-1992 KODUR-2004 EUROCODE-2004");
32 4204 : MooseEnum thermal_conductivity_model("CONSTANT ASCE-1992 KODUR-2004 EUROCODE-2004 KIM-2003");
33 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<MooseEnum>("thermal_capacity_model",
34 : thermal_capacity_model,
35 : "thermal capacity models",
36 : "Use thermal_model instead");
37 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<MooseEnum>("thermal_conductivity_model",
38 : thermal_conductivity_model,
39 : "thermal conductivity models",
40 : "Use thermal_model instead");
41 4204 : MooseEnum moisture_diffusivity_model("Bazant Xi Mensi");
42 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<MooseEnum>("moisture_diffusivity_model",
43 : moisture_diffusivity_model,
44 : "moisture diffusivity models",
45 : "Use moisture_model instead");
46 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<Real>("ref_density_of_concrete",
47 : "refernece density of porous media Kg/m^3",
48 : "Use ref_density instead");
49 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<Real>("ref_specific_heat_of_concrete",
50 : "reference specific heat of concrete J/Kg/0C",
51 : "Use ref_specific_heat instead");
52 4204 : params.addDeprecatedParam<Real>("ref_thermal_conductivity_of_concrete",
53 : "reference thermal conductivity of concrete W/m/0C",
54 : "Use ref_thermal_conductivity instead");
55 :
56 : // available model for thermal and moisture transport
57 4204 : MooseEnum thermal_model("CONSTANT ASCE-1992 KODUR-2004 EUROCODE-2004");
58 4204 : params.addParam<MooseEnum>(
59 : "thermal_model", thermal_model, "Model for properties used in thermal");
60 4204 : MooseEnum moisture_model("Bazant Mensi Xi");
61 4204 : params.addParam<MooseEnum>(
62 : "moisture_model", moisture_model, "Model for properties used in moisture transport");
63 :
64 : // concrete properties
65 4204 : MooseEnum cement_type("1 2 3 4");
66 4204 : MooseEnum aggregate_type("Siliceous Carbonate");
67 4204 : MooseEnum aggregate_pore_type("dense porous");
68 4204 : params.addParam<MooseEnum>(
69 : "cement_type", cement_type, "Cement type input for moisture capacity calculations");
70 4204 : params.addParam<MooseEnum>("aggregate_type", aggregate_type, "Type of aggregate");
71 4204 : params.addParam<MooseEnum>(
72 : "aggregate_pore_type", aggregate_pore_type, "Aggregate pore structure");
73 :
74 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("cement_mass", "Cement mass per m^3");
75 4204 : params.setDocUnit("cement_mass", "kg");
76 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("aggregate_mass", "Aggregate mass per m^3");
77 4204 : params.setDocUnit("aggregate_mass", "kg");
78 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("water_to_cement_ratio", "Water to cement ratio");
79 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("aggregate_vol_fraction", "Volumetric fraction of aggregates");
80 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("concrete_cure_time", "Concrete curing time");
81 4204 : params.setDocUnit("concrete_cure_time", "day");
82 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("ref_density", "Reference density of concrete");
83 4204 : params.setDocUnit("ref_density", "kg/m^3");
84 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("ref_specific_heat", "Reference specific heat of concrete");
85 4204 : params.setDocUnit("ref_specific_heat", "J/kg/K");
86 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("ref_thermal_conductivity", "Concrete reference thermal conductivity");
87 4204 : params.setDocUnit("ref_thermal_conductivity", "W/m/K");
88 :
89 : // parameters for Bazant mositure transport model
90 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("D1", "Empirical constant for Bazant moisture transport model");
91 4204 : params.setDocUnit("D1", "m^2/s");
92 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("n", "Empirical constant for Bazant moisture transport model");
93 4204 : params.setDocUnit("n", "unitless");
94 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("critical_relative_humidity",
95 : "Critical relative humidity, used for Bazant moisture transport model");
96 4204 : params.setDocUnit("critical_relative_humidity", "unitless");
97 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor",
98 : "Coupling coefficient mositure transfer due to heat");
99 4204 : params.setDocUnit("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor", "unitless");
100 :
101 : // parameters for Mensi's moisture model
102 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("A", "Empirical constant used by Mensi moisture transport model");
103 4204 : params.setDocUnit("A", "m^2/s");
104 4204 : params.addParam<Real>("B", "Empirical constants used by Mensi moisture transport model");
105 4204 : params.setDocUnit("B", "m^3/kg");
106 :
107 4204 : params.addCoupledVar("relative_humidity", "Nonlinear variable name for relative humidity");
108 4204 : params.addCoupledVar("temperature", "Coupled variable for temperature");
109 4204 : params.setDocUnit("temperature", "degC");
110 2102 : params.addClassDescription("Material parameters for thermal and moisture transport in concrete.");
111 :
112 2102 : return params;
113 2102 : }
114 :
115 1629 : ConcreteThermalMoisture::ConcreteThermalMoisture(const InputParameters & parameters)
116 : : Material(parameters),
117 1629 : _thermal_model(getParam<MooseEnum>("thermal_model")),
118 3258 : _moisture_model(getParam<MooseEnum>("moisture_model")),
119 :
120 : // concrete mix proportion paramters
121 5802 : _cement_mass(isParamValid("cement_mass") ? getParam<Real>("cement_mass") : 0),
122 5292 : _aggregate_mass(isParamValid("aggregate_mass") ? getParam<Real>("aggregate_mass") : 0),
123 5802 : _water_to_cement(isParamValid("water_to_cement_ratio") ? getParam<Real>("water_to_cement_ratio")
124 : : 0),
125 :
126 : // CONSTANT thermal trasport model parameters
127 4812 : _input_density(isParamValid("ref_density") ? getParam<Real>("ref_density") : 0),
128 4812 : _input_specific_heat(isParamValid("ref_specific_heat") ? getParam<Real>("ref_specific_heat")
129 : : 0),
130 1629 : _input_thermal_conductivity(
131 3714 : isParamValid("ref_thermal_conductivity") ? getParam<Real>("ref_thermal_conductivity") : 0),
132 :
133 : // asce_1992 and kodur_2004 thermal model parameters
134 3258 : _aggregate_type(getParam<MooseEnum>("aggregate_type")),
135 :
136 : // Bazant moisture model parameters
137 5106 : _D1(isParamValid("D1") ? getParam<Real>("D1") : 0),
138 3954 : _n_power(isParamValid("n") ? getParam<Real>("n") : 0),
139 3954 : _Hc(isParamValid("critical_relative_humidity") ? getParam<Real>("critical_relative_humidity")
140 : : 0),
141 1629 : _alfa_Dht(isParamValid("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor")
142 3309 : ? getParam<Real>("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor")
143 : : 0),
144 :
145 : // Mensi moisture model parameters
146 4104 : _A(isParamValid("A") ? getParam<Real>("A") : 0),
147 4104 : _B(isParamValid("B") ? getParam<Real>("B") : 0),
148 :
149 : // Xi moisture model parameters
150 3258 : _cement_type(getParam<MooseEnum>("cement_type")),
151 3258 : _aggregate_pore_type(getParam<MooseEnum>("aggregate_pore_type")),
152 1629 : _agg_vol_fraction(
153 5124 : isParamValid("aggregate_vol_fraction") ? getParam<Real>("aggregate_vol_fraction") : 0),
154 5124 : _cure_time(isParamValid("concrete_cure_time") ? getParam<Real>("concrete_cure_time") : 0),
155 :
156 : // material properties asscociated with coupled mositure/thermal transfer through concrete
157 1629 : _thermal_capacity(declareProperty<Real>("thermal_capacity")),
158 1629 : _thermal_conductivity(declareProperty<Real>("thermal_conductivity")),
159 1629 : _ca(declareProperty<Real>("heat_absorption_of_water")),
160 1629 : _cw(declareProperty<Real>("thermal_capacity_of_water")),
161 1629 : _moisture_capacity((_moisture_model == "Xi") ? &declareProperty<Real>("moisture_capacity")
162 : : nullptr),
163 :
164 1629 : _Dh(declareProperty<Real>("humidity_diffusivity")),
165 1629 : _Dht(declareProperty<Real>("humidity_diffusivity_thermal")),
166 1629 : _eqv_age(declareProperty<Real>("eqv_age")),
167 3258 : _eqv_age_old(getMaterialPropertyOld<Real>("eqv_age")),
168 :
169 1629 : _has_rh(isCoupled("relative_humidity")),
170 1629 : _rh(_has_rh ? coupledValue("relative_humidity") : _zero),
171 :
172 1629 : _has_temperature(isCoupled("temperature")),
173 3258 : _temp(_has_temperature ? coupledValue("temperature") : _zero)
174 : {
175 : Real parameter_error_check = true;
176 3258 : if (parameters.isParamSetByUser("thermal_capacity_model"))
177 : {
178 0 : _thermal_model = getParam<MooseEnum>("thermal_capacity_model");
179 0 : _input_density = isParamValid("ref_density_of_concrete")
180 0 : ? getParam<Real>("ref_density_of_concrete")
181 : : 2231.0;
182 0 : _input_specific_heat = isParamValid("ref_specific_heat_of_concrete")
183 0 : ? getParam<Real>("ref_specific_heat_of_concrete")
184 : : 1100.0;
185 0 : _input_thermal_conductivity = isParamValid("ref_thermal_conductivity_of_concrete")
186 0 : ? getParam<Real>("ref_thermal_conductivity_of_concrete")
187 : : 3.0;
188 0 : _aggregate_type = isParamValid("aggregate_type") ? getParam<MooseEnum>("aggregate_type") : 0;
189 : parameter_error_check = false;
190 : }
191 : if (parameter_error_check)
192 : {
193 1629 : if (_thermal_model == "CONSTANT")
194 : {
195 462 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("ref_density"))
196 3 : mooseError("For CONSTANT thermal_model, ref_density must be defined.");
197 456 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("ref_specific_heat"))
198 3 : mooseError("For constant thermal transport model, ref_specific_heat must be defined.");
199 450 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("ref_thermal_conductivity"))
200 3 : mooseError(
201 : "For constant thermal transport model, ref_thermal_conductivity must be defined.");
202 : }
203 1398 : else if (_thermal_model == "ASCE-1992")
204 : {
205 174 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("aggregate_type"))
206 3 : mooseError("For ASCE-1992 thermal model, aggregate_type must be defined.");
207 : }
208 1311 : else if (_thermal_model == "KODUR-2004")
209 : {
210 1518 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("aggregate_type"))
211 3 : mooseError("For KODUR-2004 thermal model, aggregate_type must be defined.");
212 : }
213 552 : else if (_thermal_model == "EUROCODE-2004")
214 : {
215 1104 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("ref_density"))
216 3 : mooseError("For EUROCODE-2004 thermal model, ref_density must be defined.");
217 1098 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("ref_specific_heat"))
218 3 : mooseError("For EUROCODE-2004 thermal model, ref_specific_heat must be defined.");
219 : }
220 : }
221 :
222 : parameter_error_check = true;
223 :
224 3216 : if (parameters.isParamSetByUser("moisture_diffusivity_model"))
225 : {
226 0 : _moisture_model = getParam<MooseEnum>("moisture_diffusivity_model");
227 0 : _cement_mass = isParamValid("cement_mass") ? getParam<Real>("cement_mass") : 354.0;
228 0 : _water_to_cement =
229 0 : isParamValid("water_to_cement_ratio") ? getParam<Real>("water_to_cement_ratio") : 0.43;
230 0 : _cement_type = isParamValid("cement_type") ? getParam<MooseEnum>("cement_type") : 0;
231 : _aggregate_pore_type =
232 0 : isParamValid("aggregate_pore_type") ? getParam<MooseEnum>("aggregate_pore_type") : 0;
233 0 : _cure_time = isParamValid("concrete_cure_time") ? getParam<Real>("concrete_cure_time") : 23.0;
234 0 : _aggregate_mass = isParamValid("aggregate_mass") ? getParam<Real>("aggregate_mass") : 1877;
235 0 : _agg_vol_fraction =
236 0 : isParamValid("aggregate_vol_fraction") ? getParam<Real>("aggregate_vol_fraction") : 0.7;
237 0 : _D1 = isParamValid("D1") ? getParam<Real>("D1") : 3.0e-10;
238 0 : _Hc = isParamValid("critical_relative_humidity") ? getParam<Real>("critical_relative_humidity")
239 : : 0.75;
240 0 : _n_power = isParamValid("n") ? getParam<Real>("n") : 6.0;
241 0 : _alfa_Dht = isParamValid("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor")
242 0 : ? getParam<Real>("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor")
243 : : 1.0e-5;
244 0 : _A = isParamValid("A") ? getParam<Real>("A") : 3.8e-13;
245 0 : _B = isParamValid("B") ? getParam<Real>("B") : 0.05;
246 : parameter_error_check = false;
247 : }
248 :
249 : if (parameter_error_check)
250 : {
251 1608 : if (_moisture_model == "Bazant")
252 : {
253 660 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("D1"))
254 3 : mooseError("For Bazant moisture model, empirical constant D1 must be defined.");
255 654 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("n"))
256 3 : mooseError("For Bazant moisture model, empirical constant n must be defined.");
257 648 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("critical_relative_humidity"))
258 3 : mooseError("For Bazant moisture model, critical_relative_humidity must be defined.");
259 642 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor"))
260 3 : mooseError(
261 : "For Bazant moisture model, coupled_moisture_diffusivity_factor must be defined.");
262 : }
263 1278 : else if (_moisture_model == "Mensi")
264 : {
265 684 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("A"))
266 3 : mooseError("For Mensi moisture model, empirical constant A must be defined.");
267 678 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("B"))
268 3 : mooseError("For Mensi moisture model, empirical constant B must be defined.");
269 672 : if (!parameters.isParamValid("cement_mass"))
270 3 : mooseError("For Mensi moisture model, cement_mass must be defined.");
271 666 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("water_to_cement_ratio"))
272 3 : mooseError("For Mensi moisture model, water_to_cement_ratio must be defined.");
273 : }
274 936 : else if (_moisture_model == "Xi")
275 : {
276 1872 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("cement_type"))
277 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, cement_type must be defined.");
278 1866 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("aggregate_pore_type"))
279 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, aggregate_pore_type must be defined.");
280 1860 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("aggregate_vol_fraction"))
281 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, aggregate_vol_fraction must be defined.");
282 1854 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("concrete_cure_time"))
283 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, concrete_cure_time must be defined.");
284 1848 : if (!parameters.isParamValid("cement_mass"))
285 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, cement_mass must be defined.");
286 1842 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("aggregate_mass"))
287 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, aggregate_mass must be defined.");
288 1836 : if (!parameters.isParamSetByUser("water_to_cement_ratio"))
289 3 : mooseError("For Xi moisture model, water_to_cement_ratio must be defined.");
290 915 : if (_water_to_cement < 0.5)
291 3 : mooseError("For Xi's moisture model water_to_cement_ratio must be >= 0.5 to use Xi's model "
292 : "for moisture diffusivity");
293 : }
294 : }
295 1560 : }
296 :
297 : void
298 9209 : ConcreteThermalMoisture::initQpStatefulProperties()
299 : {
300 9209 : _eqv_age[_qp] = _cure_time;
301 9209 : }
302 :
303 : void
304 1105463 : ConcreteThermalMoisture::computeProperties()
305 : {
306 3278466 : for (unsigned int qp = 0; qp < _qrule->n_points(); ++qp)
307 : {
308 2173015 : Real T = _temp[qp];
309 2173015 : Real H = _rh[qp];
310 2173015 : if (H < 0.0)
311 : H = 0.0;
312 :
313 2173015 : Real ro = _input_density;
314 2173015 : Real Cv = _input_specific_heat;
315 :
316 : // compute concrete thermal capacity
317 2173015 : switch (_thermal_model)
318 : {
319 352512 : case 0: // CONSTANT
320 352512 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = ro * Cv;
321 352512 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = _input_thermal_conductivity;
322 352512 : break;
323 25564 : case 1: // ASCE-1992 for normal strength concrete
324 25564 : switch (_aggregate_type)
325 : {
326 12782 : case 0: // siliceous aggreagte
327 12782 : if (T < 20.0)
328 161 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 1.8 * 1e6;
329 12621 : else if (T >= 20.0 && T < 200.0)
330 2905 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.005 * T + 1.7) * 1.0e6;
331 9716 : else if (T >= 200.0 && T < 400.0)
332 3234 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.7 * 1.0e6;
333 6482 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 500.0)
334 1617 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.013 * T - 2.5) * 1.0e6;
335 4865 : else if (T >= 500.0 && T < 600.0)
336 1617 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (10.5 - 0.013 * T) * 1.0e6;
337 : else if (T >= 600.0)
338 3248 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.7 * 1.0e6;
339 :
340 12782 : if (T < 20.0)
341 161 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.4875;
342 12621 : else if (T >= 20.0 && T < 800.0)
343 12586 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = -0.000625 * T + 1.5;
344 : else if (T >= 800.0)
345 35 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.0;
346 : break;
347 :
348 12782 : case 1: // carbonate aggregate
349 12782 : if (T < 400.0)
350 6153 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.566 * 1.0e6;
351 6629 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 410.0)
352 168 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.1765 * T - 68.034) * 1.0e6;
353 6461 : else if (T >= 410.0 && T < 445.0)
354 567 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (25.00671 - 0.05043 * T) * 1.0e6;
355 5894 : else if (T >= 445.0 && T < 500.0)
356 924 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.566 * 1.0e6;
357 4970 : else if (T >= 500.0 && T < 635.0)
358 2226 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.01603 * T - 5.44881) * 1.0e6;
359 2744 : else if (T >= 635.0 && T < 715.0)
360 1323 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.16635 * T - 100.90225) * 1.0e6;
361 1421 : else if (T >= 715.0 && T < 785.0)
362 1155 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (176.07343 - 0.22103 * T) * 1.0e6;
363 : else if (T >= 785.0)
364 266 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.566 * 1.0e6;
365 :
366 12782 : if (T < 293.0)
367 4389 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.355;
368 : else
369 8393 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = -0.001241 * T + 1.7162;
370 : break;
371 :
372 0 : default:
373 0 : mooseError("Unknown aggregate types");
374 : break;
375 : }
376 : break;
377 :
378 1781146 : case 2: // KODUR-2004 for high strength concrere
379 1781146 : switch (_aggregate_type)
380 : {
381 1767362 : case 0: // siliceous aggreagte
382 1767362 : if (T < 20.0)
383 3566 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 1.8 * 1.0e6;
384 1763796 : else if (T >= 20.0 && T < 200.0)
385 1662431 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.005 * T + 1.7) * 1.0e6;
386 101365 : else if (T >= 200.0 && T < 400.0)
387 46425 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.7 * 1.0e6;
388 54940 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 500.0)
389 23217 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.013 * T - 2.5) * 1.0e6;
390 31723 : else if (T >= 500.0 && T < 600.0)
391 23229 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (10.5 - 0.013 * T) * 1.0e6;
392 8494 : else if (T >= 600.0 && T < 635.0)
393 8106 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.7 * 1.0e6;
394 388 : else if (T > 635.0)
395 3 : mooseError("Temperature outside of the range for the KODUR-2004 thermal model");
396 :
397 1767359 : if (T < 20.0)
398 3566 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.4875;
399 1763793 : else if (T >= 20.0)
400 1763793 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = -0.000625 * T + 1.5;
401 : break;
402 :
403 13784 : case 1: // carbonate aggregate
404 13784 : if (T < 400.0)
405 5280 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.45 * 1.0e6;
406 8504 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 475.0)
407 1059 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.026 * T - 12.85) * 1.0e6;
408 7445 : else if (T >= 475.0 && T < 650.0)
409 2469 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.0143 * T - 6.295) * 1.0e6;
410 4976 : else if (T >= 650.0 && T < 735.0)
411 1203 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (0.1894 * T - 120.11) * 1.0e6;
412 3773 : else if (T >= 735.0 && T < 800.0)
413 924 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = (-0.263 * T + 212.4) * 1.0e6;
414 2849 : else if (T >= 800.0 && T <= 1000.0)
415 2846 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = 2.00 * 1.0e6;
416 : else if (T > 1000.0)
417 3 : mooseError("Temperature outside of the range for the KODUR-2004 thermal model");
418 :
419 13781 : if (T < 293.0)
420 3765 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.355;
421 : else
422 10016 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = -0.001241 * T + 1.7162;
423 : break;
424 :
425 0 : default:
426 0 : mooseError("Unknown aggregate types");
427 : break;
428 : }
429 : break;
430 :
431 13793 : case 3: // EUROCODE-2004 for both normal ans high strength concrete
432 : // compute density of concrete
433 13793 : if (T < 115.0)
434 : ro = _input_density;
435 12737 : else if (T >= 115.0 && T < 200.0)
436 996 : ro = _input_density * (1.0 - 0.02 * (T - 115.0) / 85.0);
437 11741 : else if (T >= 200.0 && T < 400.0)
438 2334 : ro = _input_density * (0.98 - 0.03 * (T - 200.0) / 200.0);
439 9407 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 1200.0)
440 9404 : ro = _input_density * (0.95 - 0.07 * (T - 400.0) / 800.0);
441 : else if (T >= 1200.0)
442 3 : mooseError("Temperature outside of the range for the EUROCODE-2004 thermal model");
443 :
444 13790 : if (T < 100.0)
445 : Cv = 900.0;
446 12911 : else if (T >= 100.0 && T < 200.0)
447 1173 : Cv = 900.0 + (T - 100.0);
448 11738 : else if (T >= 200.0 && T < 400.0)
449 2334 : Cv = 1000.0 + (T - 200.0) / 2.0;
450 : else if (T >= 400.0 && T < 1200.0)
451 : Cv = 1100.0;
452 :
453 13790 : _thermal_capacity[qp] = ro * Cv;
454 :
455 13790 : if (T < 20.0)
456 6 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = 1.642218;
457 13784 : else if (T >= 20.0 && T <= 1200.0)
458 : {
459 13784 : const Real k_up = 2.0 - 0.2451 * (T / 100.0) + 0.0107 * std::pow(T / 100.0, 2.0);
460 13784 : const Real k_low = 1.36 - 0.136 * (T / 100.0) + 0.0057 * std::pow(T / 100.0, 2.0);
461 13784 : _thermal_conductivity[qp] = (k_up + k_low) / 2.0; // average bewteen upper and lower
462 : // bounds
463 : }
464 : break;
465 :
466 0 : default:
467 0 : mooseError("Unknown thermal model");
468 : break;
469 : }
470 :
471 : // compute moisture diffusivity
472 2173006 : switch (_moisture_model)
473 : {
474 378082 : case 0: // Bazant
475 : {
476 756164 : if (_pars.isParamSetByUser("moisture_model") && T < 25.0)
477 3 : mooseError("Temperature outside of the range for the Bazant moisture model");
478 : // adsorption heat of water vapor
479 : Real adsorption_heat_water =
480 : 60 * 1000 / 0.018; // an average value (60 kJ/mol) estimated for different cement paste
481 : // by Poyet and Charles (2009)
482 : Real density_water = 1000; // kg/m3
483 : Real heat_capacity_water = 4180; // J/(kg-C)
484 378079 : _ca[qp] = adsorption_heat_water;
485 378079 : _cw[qp] = density_water * heat_capacity_water;
486 :
487 378079 : if (T <= 95.0)
488 : {
489 255196 : Real alfa_T = 0.05 + 0.95 / 70 * (T - 25); // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
490 : Real f1_h =
491 255196 : alfa_T + (1 - alfa_T) / (1.0 + std::pow(((1.0 - H) / (1 - _Hc)),
492 255196 : _n_power)); // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
493 255196 : Real f2_T = std::exp(
494 255196 : 2700.0 * (1.0 / (25.0 + 273.15) - 1.0 / (T + 273.15))); // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
495 255196 : _Dh[qp] = _D1 * f1_h * f2_T;
496 : }
497 : else
498 : {
499 : Real f2_95 = std::exp(
500 : 2700.0 * (1.0 / (25.0 + 273.15) - 1.0 / (95 + 273.15))); // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
501 : Real f3_T =
502 122883 : std::exp((T - 95.0) / (0.881 + 0.214 * (T - 95.0))); // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
503 122883 : _Dh[qp] = _D1 * f2_95 * f3_T; // Bazant and Thonguthai 1979
504 : }
505 : // compute the coupled mositure diffusivity due to thermal gradient
506 378079 : _Dht[qp] = _alfa_Dht * _Dh[qp];
507 378079 : break;
508 : }
509 :
510 854348 : case 1: // Mensi
511 : {
512 854348 : Real initial_water_content = _water_to_cement * _cement_mass; // kg/m3
513 854348 : _Dh[qp] = _A * std::exp(_B * initial_water_content);
514 854348 : _ca[qp] = 0.;
515 854348 : _cw[qp] = 0.;
516 854348 : _Dht[qp] = 0.;
517 854348 : break;
518 : }
519 :
520 940576 : case 2: // Xi
521 : {
522 : // compute equivalent concrete age
523 940576 : _eqv_age[qp] =
524 940576 : _eqv_age_old[qp] + _dt / 86400.0 * 1.0 / (1.0 + std::pow((7.5 - 7.5 * H), 4.0));
525 :
526 940576 : Real C = std::exp(855.0 / (T + 273.15));
527 : Real N_ct = 1.1;
528 : switch (_cement_type)
529 : {
530 : case 0: // cement_type = 1
531 : N_ct = 1.1;
532 : break;
533 : case 1: // cement_type = 2
534 : N_ct = 1.0;
535 : break;
536 : case 2: // cement_type = 3
537 : N_ct = 1.15;
538 : break;
539 : case 3: // cement_type = 4
540 : N_ct = 1.5;
541 : break;
542 0 : default: // cement_type = Unknown
543 0 : mooseError("Unknown cement type in mositure capacity calculations");
544 : break;
545 : }
546 :
547 : Real N_wc = 0.9;
548 940576 : if (_water_to_cement < 0.3)
549 : N_wc = 0.99;
550 940576 : else if (_water_to_cement >= 0.3 && _water_to_cement <= 0.7)
551 940576 : N_wc = 0.33 + 2.2 * _water_to_cement;
552 : else
553 : N_wc = 1.87;
554 :
555 : Real N_te = 5.5;
556 940576 : if (_eqv_age[qp] >= 5)
557 940576 : N_te = 2.5 + 15.0 / _eqv_age[qp];
558 :
559 940576 : Real n = N_te * N_wc * N_ct * 1.0;
560 :
561 940576 : Real k = ((1.0 - 1.0 / n) * C - 1.0) / (C - 1.0);
562 940576 : if (k < 0.0)
563 : k = 0.0;
564 940576 : else if (k > 1.0)
565 : k = 1.0;
566 :
567 : Real V_ct = 0.9;
568 940576 : switch (_cement_type)
569 : {
570 : case 0: // cement_type = 1
571 : V_ct = 0.9;
572 : break;
573 : case 1: // cement_type = 2
574 : V_ct = 1.0;
575 : break;
576 : case 2: // cement_type = 3
577 : V_ct = 0.85;
578 : break;
579 : case 3: // cement_type = 4
580 : V_ct = 0.6;
581 : break;
582 : default: // cement_type = Unknown
583 : mooseError("Unknown cement type in mositure capacity calculations");
584 : break;
585 : }
586 :
587 : Real V_wc = 0.985;
588 940576 : if (_water_to_cement < 0.3)
589 : V_wc = 0.985;
590 940576 : else if (_water_to_cement >= 0.3 && _water_to_cement <= 0.7)
591 940576 : V_wc = 0.85 + 0.45 * _water_to_cement;
592 : else
593 : V_wc = 1.165;
594 :
595 : Real V_te = 0.024;
596 940576 : if (_eqv_age[qp] >= 5)
597 940576 : V_te = 0.068 - 0.22 / _eqv_age[qp];
598 :
599 : Real monolayer_factor = 1.0;
600 940576 : Real Vm = V_te * V_wc * V_ct *
601 : monolayer_factor; // here 1.0 is a factor is to account for the influence of
602 : // temperature in the calculation of monolayer capacity.
603 :
604 940576 : Real W_cement = C * k * Vm * H / (1.0 - k * H) / (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H);
605 :
606 940576 : Real dWdH_cement = (C * k * Vm + W_cement * k * (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H) -
607 940576 : W_cement * k * (1.0 - k * H) * (C - 1.0)) /
608 : (1.0 - k * H) / (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H);
609 :
610 : // compute mositure capacity dw/dH for aggregates
611 : Real n_agg = 1.5;
612 940576 : switch (_aggregate_pore_type)
613 : {
614 : case 0: // aggregate_pore_type = dense
615 : n_agg = 1.5;
616 : break;
617 51128 : case 1: // aggregate_pore_type = porous
618 : n_agg = 2.0;
619 51128 : break;
620 0 : default:
621 0 : mooseError("Unknown aggregate pore structure");
622 : break;
623 : }
624 :
625 940576 : n = 4.063 * n_agg;
626 940576 : k = ((1.0 - 1.0 / n) * C - 1.0) / (C - 1.0);
627 940576 : if (k < 0.0)
628 : k = 0.0;
629 940576 : else if (k > 1.0)
630 : k = 1.0;
631 :
632 : Real V_agg = 0.05;
633 940576 : switch (_aggregate_pore_type)
634 : {
635 : case 0: // aggregate_pore_type = dense
636 : V_agg = 0.05;
637 : break;
638 51128 : case 1: // aggregate_pore_type = porous
639 : V_agg = 0.10;
640 51128 : break;
641 : default:
642 : mooseError("Unknown aggregate pore structure");
643 : break;
644 : }
645 :
646 940576 : Vm = 0.0647 * V_agg;
647 :
648 940576 : Real W_agg = C * k * Vm * H / (1.0 - k * H) / (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H);
649 940576 : Real dWdH_agg = (C * k * Vm + W_agg * k * (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H) -
650 940576 : W_agg * k * (1.0 - k * H) * (C - 1.0)) /
651 : (1.0 - k * H) / (1.0 + (C - 1.0) * k * H);
652 :
653 : // compute weight percentages of agrregates and cement paste
654 940576 : Real _f_agg = _aggregate_mass / (_aggregate_mass + _cement_mass);
655 940576 : Real _f_cp = _cement_mass / (_aggregate_mass + _cement_mass);
656 :
657 : // compute combined dW/dH of concrete
658 940576 : (*_moisture_capacity)[qp] = (_f_agg * dWdH_agg + _f_cp * dWdH_cement);
659 :
660 : // moisture diffusivity calculations
661 940576 : Real gi = _agg_vol_fraction;
662 940576 : Real wc = _water_to_cement;
663 940576 : Real alfa_h = 1.05 - 3.8 * wc + 3.56 * std::pow(wc, 2.0); // cm2/day
664 940576 : Real betta_h = -14.4 + 50.4 * wc - 41.8 * std::pow(wc, 2.0); // cm2/day
665 940576 : Real gamma_h = 31.3 - 136.0 * wc + 162.0 * std::pow(wc, 2.0);
666 940576 : Real power1 = std::pow(10.0, gamma_h * (H - 1));
667 940576 : Real power2 = std::pow(2.0, -1.0 * power1);
668 :
669 940576 : Real Dhcp = alfa_h + betta_h * (1.0 - power2); // cm2/day
670 940576 : _Dh[qp] = Dhcp * (1 + gi / ((1 - gi) / 3 - 1)); // cm2/day
671 940576 : _Dh[qp] = _Dh[qp] * 1e-4 / 86400; // m2/s
672 :
673 940576 : _ca[qp] = 0.;
674 940576 : _cw[qp] = 0.;
675 940576 : _Dht[qp] = 0.;
676 940576 : break;
677 : }
678 :
679 0 : default:
680 : {
681 0 : mooseError("Unknown moisture diffusivity model");
682 : break;
683 : }
684 : }
685 : }
686 1105451 : }
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